1698:...the practical explanation of "maintaining the One without wavering" is that one is simply to contemplate every aspect of one's mental and physical existence, focusing on each individual component with unswerving attention until one realizes its essential emptiness or non-substantiality. The interesting aspect of this regimen is, paradoxically, its apparent conventionality. Although further examination will reveal significant differences between this and traditional Buddhist meditation practice, the description given so far would apply equally well to the most basic of Mahayana techniques: the insight-oriented contemplation of the non-substantiality of the body. Although this type of contemplation is the common property of virtually all schools of Mahayana Buddhism, its presentation here differs in at least two ways from that found in more traditional texts. First, no preparatory requirements, no moral prerequisites or preliminary exercises are given. Instead, one moves directly into the practice of contemplation. Second, the technique of "maintaining the One without wavering" is in itself completely without steps or gradations. One concentrates, understands, and is enlightened, all in one undifferentiated practice.
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extended practice of "viewing the mind." One may also achieve enlightenment either solely through one's own efforts or, conversely, with the aid of a teacher's instruction. The point of these alternatives is that a true teacher must be able to understand which students are best suited for which approach and to teach them differently on the basis of that understanding.
1926:
appears in the epitaph for Faru (638-689), one of the '10 outstanding disciples' of the Fifth
Patriarch Hongren (601-674). The author of the epitaph is not known, but the list comprises six names: after Bodhidharma and Huike follow Sengcan, Daoxin, Hongren, and Faru. The Ch'uan fa-pao chi takes this list over and adds as a seventh name that of Shen-hsiu (605?-706)
70:
1625:
In the words of the
Awakening of Faith — which summarizes the essentials of Mahayana — self and world, mind and suchness, are integrally one. Everything is a carrier of that a priori enlightenment; all incipient enlightenment is predicated on it. The mystery of existence is, then, not, "How
1996:
Mo-ho-yen's teaching in Tibet as the famed proponent of the all-at-once gate can be summarized as "gazing-at-mind" ( k'an-hsin, sems la bltas) and "no examining" ( pu-kuan, myi rtog pa) or "no-thought no-examining" ( pu-ssu pu-kuan, myi bsam myi rtog). "Gazing-at-mind" is an original
Northern (or
1949:
In an epitaph for
Shenxiu, his name is made to take the place of Faru's. The Leng-ch'ieh shih-tzu chi omits Faru and ends after Shenxiu with the name of his disciple Puji (651-739). These indications from the Northern school argue for the succession of the Third Patriarch Sengcan (d. 606), which has
1706:
the JTFM makes allowance for both sudden apperception of the Buddha Nature and gradual improvement in the brightness and purity of the concentrated mind...the JTFM actually allows for a number of alternative situations: One may achieve "bright purity" of mind either with or without undertaking the
1592:
The East
Mountain community was a specialized meditation training centre. The establishment of a community in one location was a change from the wandering lives of Bodhidharma and Huike and their followers. It fit better into Chinese society, which highly valued community-oriented behaviour over
1925:
The consciousness of a unique line of transmission of
Bodhidharma Zen, which is not yet demonstrable in the Bodhidharma treatise, grew during the seventh century and must have taken shape on the East Mountain prior to the death of the Fourth Patriarch Tao-hsin (580-651). The earliest indication
1879:
Jingjue's Record introduces
Hongren of Huangmei 黃梅宏忍 (d.u.) as the main teacher in the sixth generation of the 'southern' or 'East Mountain' meditation tradition. Shenxiu is mentioned as Hongren's authorized successor. In Shenxiu's shadow, Jingjue mentions 'old An' 老安 (see A) as a 'seasoned'
1813:
Contrary to first impressions, the formula has little to do with geography. Like the general designations of Mahāyāna ("the universal vehicle") and Hīnayāna ("the individual vehicle"), the formula carries with it a value judgement. According to the mainstream of later Zen, not only is sudden
1800:
The successful promulgation of
Shenhui's views led to Shenxiu's branch being widely referred to by others as the "Northern School." This nomenclature has continued in western scholarship, which for the most part has largely viewed Chinese Zen through the lens of southern Chan.
1958:', constructed in 496CE, yet again became prominent. had only a brief stay at Shaolin Temple, but during his stay the cloister became the epicentre of the flourishing Chan movement. An epitaph commemorating the success of Faru's pioneering endeavors is located on
1671:) until the mind becomes fixed in samadhi. The goal of all of these practices was to not be hindered by the stream of thoughts which clouds the mind and allow the practitioner to gain insight into the pure, radiant consciousness in everyone.
1910:. The text was subsequently edited and enlarged, and reflects various Chán teachings. Although the Southern School traces itself to Huineng, the Platform Sutra de-emphasizes the difference between the Northern and the Southern School.
1582:
Upon Daoxin's death . at the age of seventy-two, Hongren assumed the abbacy. He then moved East
Mountain Temple approximately ten kilometers east to the flanks of Mt. Pingmu. Soon, Hongren's fame eclipsed that of his
1568:
580–651) at East
Mountain Temple on Potou (Broken Head) Mountain, which was later renamed Shuangfeng (Twin Peaks). Daoxin taught there for 30 years. He established the first monastic home for "Bodhidharma's Zen".
4553:
423:
1687:(Records of the Masters of the Lankavatara). The Records of the Masters of the Lankavatara is associated with the early Chan tradition known as the "East Mountain School" and has been dated to around 713.
1596:
An important aspect of the East Mountain Teachings was its nonreliance on a single sutra or a single set of sutras for its doctrinal foundation as was done by most of the other Buddhist sects of the time.
1679:
According to John R. McRae the "first explicit statement of the sudden and direct approach that was to become the hallmark of Ch'an religious practice" first appears in a Chinese text named the
1639:"emptiness" in which one contemplates all dharmas of body and mind as empty. Another practice was the contemplation of some 'ultimate principle', this was associated with the 'one-practice
1997:
East Mountain Dharma Gate) teaching. As will become clear, Poa-t'ang and the Northern Ch'an dovetail in the Tibetan sources. Mo-ho-yen's teaching seems typical of late Northern Ch'an.
1848:
But the characterization of Shenxiu's East Mountain Teaching as gradualist is argued to be unfounded in light of the documents found amongst Dunhuang manuscripts recovered from the
1793:
Originally Shenxiu was considered to be the "Sixth Patriarch", carrying the mantle of Bodhidharma's Zen through the East Mountain School. After the death of Shenxiu, his student
2482:
Broughton, Jeffrey (1983). Early Ch'an Schools in Tibet. Cited in: Gimello, Robert M. & Gregory, Peter N. (1983). Studies in Ch'an and Hua-yen. University of Hawaii Press.
389:
2024:) of Moheyan and was called to defend itself against this charge by avowed members of the Sarma lineages that held to the staunch view of 'gradual enlightenmnent' (Tibetan:
1852:
near Dunhuang. Shenhui's Southern School incorporated Northern teachings as well, and Shenhui himself admittedly saw the need of further practice after initial awakening.
2267:
1716:
Daoxin is credited with several important innovations that led directly to the ability of Chan to become a popular religion. Among his most important contributions were:
453:
409:
2753:. Association of Asian Studies Annual Meeting, Boston 2007. “Intersections of Buddhist Practice, Art, and Culture in Tang China” Panel. University of Florida. Source:
1945:
Originally Faru too was credited to be the successor of Hongren. But Faru did not have a good publicist, and he was not included within the list of Chan Patriarchs.
2374:
The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, translated by John McRae, page 72, Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 2000
2764:
2337:
1797:
started a campaign to establish Huineng as the Sixth Ancestor. Eventually Shenhui's position won the day, and Huineng was recognized as the Sixth Patriarch.
3680:
2424:
1459:
2001:
The teachings of Moheyan and other Chan masters were unified with the Kham Dzogchen lineages {this may or may not be congruent with the Kahma (Tibetan:
4667:
1785:, is attributed to him. This work emphasizes the practice of "maintaining the original true mind" that "naturally cuts off the arising of delusion."
1992:
Broughton identifies the Chinese and Tibetan nomenclature of Mohoyen's teachings and identifies them principally with the East Mountain Teachings:
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enlightenment incomparably superior to gradual experience but it represents true Zen — indeed, it is the very touchstone of authentic Zen.
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601–674) left home at an early age (between seven and fourteen) and lived at East Mountain Temple on Twin Peaks, where Daoxin was the abbot.
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As is well known, the fate of Chan in Tibet was said to have been decided in a debate at the Samye monastery near Lhasa in c.792-797.
1617:
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The tradition of a list of patriarchs, which granted credibility to the developing tradition, developed early in the Chán tradition:
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2684:
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1875:
Kuiken (undated: p. 17) in discussing a Dunhuang document of the Tang monk and meditator, 'Jingjue' (靜覺, 683- ca. 750) states:
884:
448:
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998:
2779:
Schlütter, Morten (2007). 'Transmission and Enlightenment in Chan Buddhism Seen Through the Platform Sūtra (Liuzu tanjing 六祖壇經).'
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1950:
been thrown into doubt because of lacunae in the historical work of Tao-hsuan. Still, the matter cannot be settled with certainty.
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1973:(late eighth century CE) was a proponent of the Northern School. Moheyan traveled to Dunhuang, which at the time belonged to the
404:
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1984:
at Samye in Tibet over sudden versus gradual teachings, which was decisive for the course the Tibetan Buddhist tradition took:
2574:
Bielefeldt, carl (1986), "Ch 'ang-lu Tsung-tse's Tso-Ch'an I and the "secret" of Zen Meditation", in Gregory, Peter N. (ed.),
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Hongren was a plain meditation teacher, who taught students of "various religious interests", including "practitioners of the
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Ch'an Spirituality. In: Buddhist Spirituality. Later China, Korea, Japan and the Modern World; edited by Takeuchi Yoshinori
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is achieved by meditating on a single Buddha. The third technique was the practice of concentrating the mind on one thing (
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The first chapter of the Platform Sutra relates the story of Huineng and his inheritance of the East Mountain Teachings.
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No doubt the most important personage within the Northern school is , a man of high education and widespread notoriety.
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and Daman Hongren (Hung-jen). He was sent to Hongren by Hui-ming, and attained awakening when studying with Hung-jen
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Though Hongren was known for not compiling writings and for teaching Zen principles orally, the classical Chan text
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1535:(modern Hubei). The East Mountain Temple was on the easternmost peak of the two. Its modern name is Wuzu Temple (
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Shen-hui and the Teaching of Sudden Enlightenment in Early Ch'an Buddhism. In: Peter N. Gregory (editor)(1991),
1294:
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1938:(法如, 638-689) was "the first pioneer" and "actual founder" of the Northern School. His principal teachers were
1683:(JTFM, Instructions on essential expedients for calming the mind and accessing the path), itself a part of the
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561:
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The Great Perfection and the Chinese Monk: rNyingmapa defences of Hwashang Mahāyāna in the Eighteenth Century.
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Dumoulin, Heinrich (1993). "Early Chinese Zen Reexamined ~ A Supplement to 'Zen Buddhism: A History'" in
2386:
Dumoulin, Heinrich (1993). "Early Chinese Zen Reexamined ~ A Supplement to 'Zen Buddhism: A History'" in
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may we overcome alienation?" The challenge is, rather, "Why do we think we are lost in the first place?"
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Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey. In Antonio S. Cua (ed.): Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy
1906:, a text which originated after Shenhui's death. Its core may have originated within the so-called
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The basic difference is between approaches. Shenhui characterised the Northern School as employing
1309:
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The Formation of Ch'an Ideology in China and Korea: The Vajrasamadhi-Sutra, a Buddhist Apocryphon.
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Zeuschner, Robert B.(1978). "The understanding of mind in the Northern line of Ch'an (Zen)" in
1888:("treatise on contemplating the mind"). It combines some of the meditation practices taught by
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Following Daoxin, Hongren included an emphasis on the Mahaprajnaparamita Sutras, including the
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Zeuschner, Robert B. (1978). "The Understanding of Mind in the Northern Line of Ch'an (Zen)."
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2783:, no. 20, pp. 379–410 (2007). Taipei: Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies. Source:
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The Northern Ch'an School and Sudden Versus Gradual Enlightenment Debates in China and Tibet
2262:
The Northern Ch'an School and Sudden Versus Gradual Enlightenment Debates in China and Tibet
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The term "East Mountain Teaching" is seen as more culturally and historically appropriate.
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There were three main meditation techniques taught by this school. One was a meditation on
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also had a significant import on the doctrinal development of the East Mountain Teaching:
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The incorporation of chanting, including chanting the name of Buddha, into Chan practice.
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Volume 28, Number 1 (January 1978). Hawaii, USA: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 69-79
1505:; "East Mountain Dharma Gate") denotes the teachings of the Fourth Ancestor
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with those of the Mahaprajnaparamita Sutras, which includes the well-known
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The Unification of Chan practice with acceptance of the Buddhist precepts,
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2675:(author); Heisig, James W. (trans.) & Knitter, Paul (trans.)(1988).
2309:(author); Heisig, James W. (trans.) & Knitter, Paul (trans.)(1988).
2239:(author); Heisig, James W. (trans.) & Knitter, Paul (trans.)(1988).
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The Mystique of Transmission: On an Early Chan History and its Contents
2452:
The mystique of transmission: on an early Chan history and its contexts
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Patterns of Engagement with Chan Teachings Among the Mid-Tang Literati
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The Will to Orthodoxy: A Critical Genealogy of Northern Chan Buddhism
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1652:
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1136:
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932:
917:
767:
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703:
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196:
168:
2701:. Translated by Phyllis Brooks, Stanford, Stanford University Press.
2353:
Gregory, Peter N; Traditions of Meditation in Chinese Buddhism, 106.
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Long Scroll of the Treatise on the Two Entrances and Four Practices
1759:
philosophy, or specialists in the monastic regulations of Buddhist
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Sudden and Gradual. Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought
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1809:
The terms Northern and Southern have little to do with geography:
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2743:, Vol.28, No.1. Hawaii, USA: University of Hawaii Press. Source:
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Attitudes Towards Canonicity and Religious Authority in Tang Chan
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gets its name from the East Mountain Temple on the "Twin Peaks" (
3032:
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1431:
309:
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was often identified with the 'sudden enlightenment' (Tibetan:
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meditation teacher and some minor 'local disciples' of Hongren.
2834:
2820:
2720:
Fathering Your Father: The Zen of Fabrication in Tang Buddhism
2184:
The Northern School and the Formation of Early Chʻan Buddhism,
2158:
The Northern School and the Formation of Early Chʻan Buddhism,
1864:
84:
59:
1690:
This method is named "Maintaining the one without wavering" (
997:
2514:. "Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal". Vol.3 April 1990. Source:
1863:'s prominent position in the history of Chán, despite the
1892:
with ideas from the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana.
2620:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
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The East Mountain School was established by Daoxin (
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1884:Shenxiu wrote a treatise on meditation called the
1833:of the South, gradualness of the North" (Chinese:
2677:Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1 India and China
2311:Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1 India and China
2241:Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1 India and China
27:School of Buddhism developed in 8th century China
2761:The Other Neng 2: Part Two Sources and Resources
2679:. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan Publishing Company.
2332:The Other Neng 2: Part Two Sources and Resources
2313:. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan Publishing Company.
2243:. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan Publishing Company.
2016:The Dzogchen ("Great Perfection") School of the
1980:Moheyan participated in a prolonged debate with
2382:
2380:
1994:
1986:
1947:
1923:
1900:The story of Huineng is famously worded in the
1869:
1828:
1811:
1623:
1600:The East Mountain School incorporated both the
1580:
1917:Wider influence of the East Mountain Teachings
2805:
1966:Moheyan (late eighth century CE, 大乘和尚 or 摩訶衍)
1573:
1563:
1554:, both continued the East Mountain teaching.
1492:
1453:
959:
8:
2722:. Berkeley, University of California Press.
2692:The Northern School of Chinese Chan Buddhism
2576:Traditions of Meditation in Chinese Buddhism
2512:The Unifying of Rdzogs Pa Chen Po and Ch'an
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2473:(accessed: Saturday April 17, 2010), p.288
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1546:The two most famous disciples of Hongren,
1509:, his student and heir the Fifth Ancestor
1460:
1446:
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29:
4668:Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance
3681:Buddha's Light International Association
2501:(accessed: Saturday April 17, 2010), p.9
2219:
2207:
2195:
2077:
2065:
1723:The unification of the teachings of the
2708:. New York, Columbia University Press.
2647:Critical Considerations on Zen Thought.
2104:
2058:
1867:, is recognized by modern scholarship:
989:
58:
3015:Who is the master that sees and hears?
2694:. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University.
2560:, Boston: Wisdom Publications Boston,
2423:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2416:
2771:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
2601:, New York: Routledge, archived from
2388:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
2362:
2283:
2092:
1822:, while his Southern school employed
1789:Split in Northern and Southern School
7:
1513:, and their students and lineage of
2786:(accessed: Saturday April 11, 2009)
2645:Matsumoto, Shiro (松本史郞) (undated).
2186:University of Hawaii Press, p. 144.
2173:Princeton University Press, p. 141.
2160:University of Hawaii Press, p. 143.
2129:
1805:Northern and Southern School (南頓北漸)
1681:Ju-tao an-hsin yao-fang-pien fa-men
1039:Four Buddhist Persecutions in China
1618:Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana
1572:The tradition holds that Hongren (
25:
3711:Dharma Realm Buddhist Association
1774:, along with the emphasis on the
885:Zen organisation and institutions
449:Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall
4763:
4762:
4739:
4738:
3732:Dharma Realm Buddhist University
2629:, The University Press Group Ltd
1783:Discourse on the Highest Vehicle
1661:) and in some texts such as the
1480:("Temple of the 5th Patriarch").
424:Two Entrances and Four Practices
68:
33:
2429:(accessed: August 6, 2008) p.37
2344:(accessed: August 6, 2008) p.17
4335:Other Rinzai or Linji lineages
4203:Other Rinzai or Linji lineages
2169:Robert E. Buswell Jr. (2017).
1747:Fifth Patriarch Hongren (五祖弘忍)
1712:Fourth Patriarch Daoxin (四祖道信)
1657:
1493:
1351:Buddhist architecture in China
439:Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment
1:
4241:Soto Zen Buddhist Association
3984:Tassajara Zen Mountain Center
2578:, University of Hawai'i Press
2517:(accessed: November 30, 2007)
2454:. Columbia University Press.
1417:Buddhist Association of China
197:Hakuin's Four ways of knowing
4305:Throssel Hole Buddhist Abbey
3937:Trúc Lâm Monastery of Da Lat
3716:City of Ten Thousand Buddhas
3686:Four Heavenly Kings (Taiwan)
2756:(accessed: January 25, 2008)
2669:(accessed: January 25, 2008)
2655:(accessed: January 25, 2008)
2587:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
2543:(accessed: January 14, 2007)
2450:Adamek, Wendi Leigh (2007).
2274:(accessed: December 2, 2007)
2009:(Tibetan for "omniscient"),
1615:The view of the mind in the
656:Yunmen Wenyan (Ummon Bun'en)
4310:Norwich Zen Buddhist Priory
2583:Kasulis, Thomas P. (2003),
236:Doctrinal background of Zen
4802:
4446:Institutional organisation
4374:Buddhist initiation ritual
4194:Dai Bosatsu Zendo Kongo-ji
3674:Contemperory Organizations
2781:Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal
2776:(accessed: August 6, 2008)
2766:(accessed: August 6, 2008)
2746:(accessed: August 6, 2008)
2658:Poceski, Mario (undated).
1694:守一不移). According to McRae:
4734:
4614:Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind
4056:Zen Center of Los Angeles
2704:Adamek, Wendi L. (2007).
2321:(2 vol. set; paper) p.108
2251:(2 vol. set; paper) p.107
2118:Philosophy East and West,
1856:Shenxiu (神秀, 606?-706 CE)
1648:
1609:Mahaprajnaparamita Sutras
1574:
1564:
1540:
1528:
636:Dongshan Liangjie (Tozan)
3979:San Francisco Zen Center
3515:Karlfried Graf Dürckheim
2860:Zen in the United States
2759:Kuiken, Kees (undated).
2741:Philosophy East and West
2330:Kuiken, Kees (undated).
2005:) lineages} through the
1702:McRae further notes that
1685:Leng Ch'ieh Shih TZu Chi
1497:; ;
1476:The buddha reception of
1019:Buddhism in Central Asia
562:Ordinary Mind Zen School
454:Transmission of the Lamp
159:Turning the light around
122:Zen in the United States
4453:Zen ranks and hierarchy
2749:Poceski, Mario (2007).
2697:Faure, Bernard (1997).
2556:Ferguson, Andy (2000),
2182:McRae, John R. (1986).
2156:McRae, John R. (1986).
1896:Hui-neng (六祖惠能 or 慧能大師)
880:Zen ranks and hierarchy
853:Category: Zen Buddhists
187:Ten Ox-Herding Pictures
4105:Philip Kapleau lineage
4076:Geoffrey Shugen Arnold
3969:Zentatsu Richard Baker
3957:Shunryū Suzuki lineage
3827:Academic organizations
3725:Academic organizations
3624:East Mountain Teaching
2978:Three Mysterious Gates
2690:McRae, John R.(1983).
2558:Zen's Chinese Heritage
2510:Barber, A. W. (1990).
1999:
1990:
1975:Ancient Tibetan Empire
1954:Because of Faru, the '
1952:
1928:
1882:
1873:
1843:
1816:
1709:
1700:
1628:
1585:
1521:East Mountain Teaching
1485:East Mountain Teaching
1481:
1328:Chinese Buddhist canon
1029:Silk Road transmission
1003:
512:Plum Village Tradition
472:East Mountain Teaching
434:The Awakening of Faith
330:Prostration (Buddhism)
149:Original enlightenment
4326:Shinzan Miyamae Roshi
4268:Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle
4172:Soen Nakagawa lineage
3861:Nine mountain schools
3468:Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle
2664:University of Florida
2038:Rongzom Chokyi Zangpo
2011:Rongzom Chokyi Zangpo
1931:Faru (法如, 638-689 CE)
1877:
1704:
1696:
1475:
1001:
666:Dahui Zonggao (Tahui)
646:Linji Yixuan (Rinzai)
641:Xuefeng Yicun (Seppo)
626:Shitou Xiqian (Kisen)
527:Kwan Um School of Zen
410:Mahaparinirvana Sutra
380:Prajñaparamita sutras
374:Indian Mahayana texts
4628:Three Pillars of Zen
4589:The Gateless Barrier
4355:Hierarchy and titles
4117:Rochester Zen Center
3691:Dharma Drum Mountain
2983:Four Ways of Knowing
2963:Sudden Enlightenment
2869:Doctrinal background
2625:McRae, John (2003),
2613:McRae, John (1991),
2608:on November 12, 2014
2592:Lai, Whalen (2003),
2438:Ray, Gary L.(2005).
2260:Ray, Gary L.(2005).
1977:, in 781 or 787 CE.
1034:Dunhuang manuscripts
279:Bodhisattva Precepts
4509:Main Rinzai Temples
4458:Dharma transmission
4293:Other Sōtō lineages
4277:Kōdō Sawaki lineage
4210:Kyozan Joshu Sasaki
4189:Zen Studies Society
4158:Gudō Wafu Nishijima
4148:Kōbun Chino Otogawa
4131:Other Sōtō lineages
4041:Robert Baker Aitken
3993:Kōdō Sawaki lineage
3619:Five Houses of Chán
2881:East Asian Yogācāra
2773:1993 20/1. Source:
2718:Cole, Alan,(2009).
2687:(2 vol. set; paper)
2650:Komazawa University
2390:1993 20/1. Source:
2022:cig car gyi ‘jug pa
1675:Maintaining the One
1593:solitary practice.
1489:traditional Chinese
1310:Humanistic Buddhism
870:Dharma transmission
517:Order of Interbeing
497:Five Houses of Chán
241:Representation-only
192:Five ranks of Tozan
4695:Pure Land Buddhism
4660:Cultural influence
4463:Zen lineage charts
4096:Kanzeon Zen Center
3932:Vạn Hạnh Monastery
3870:Contemporary sects
3701:Tzu Chi Foundation
3186:Liangshan Yuanguan
2895:Influential Sutras
2673:Dumoulin, Heinrich
2627:Seeing Through Zen
2539:2007-08-29 at the
2340:2011-05-20 at the
2307:Dumoulin, Heinrich
2270:2008-07-25 at the
2237:Dumoulin, Heinrich
1482:
1399:White Horse Temple
1004:
938:Pure Land Buddhism
875:Zen lineage charts
299:Walking meditation
4773:
4772:
4711:Heinrich Dumoulin
4704:Academic research
4655:
4654:
4534:
4533:
4483:Main Sōtō Temples
4471:
4470:
4350:
4349:
4300:Houn Jiyu-Kennett
4249:
4248:
4061:White Plum Asanga
3945:
3944:
3890:
3889:
3842:
3841:
3818:Ningen Zen Kyodan
3806:Lay organizations
3740:
3739:
3600:
3599:
3487:White Plum Asanga
3106:Dongshan Liangjie
2922:Vimalakirti Sutra
2907:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
2728:978-0-520-25485-5
2714:978-0-231-13664-8
2496:978-0-8248-0835-8
2468:978-0-231-13664-8
2210:, p. 29, 31.
2068:, p. 25, 29.
1956:Shaolin Monastery
1865:popular narrative
1820:gradual teachings
1776:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
1725:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
1603:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
1470:
1469:
1305:Esoteric Buddhism
1002:Chinese: "Buddha"
976:
975:
680:Zhongfeng Mingben
621:Mazu Daoyi (Baso)
557:White Plum Asanga
400:Vimalakirti Sutra
390:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra
385:Lankavatara Sutra
214:Bodhisattva ideal
16:(Redirected from
4793:
4766:
4765:
4742:
4741:
4726:William Bodiford
4543:
4480:
4359:
4284:Taisen Deshimaru
4258:
4184:Eido Tai Shimano
4071:John Daido Loori
4024:Yasutani lineage
3954:
3901:
3896:Vietnamese Thiền
3854:Historical sects
3851:
3754:Historical sects
3751:
3612:Historical sects
3609:
3560:Vietnamese Thiền
3226:Tiantong Zongjue
3221:Zhenxie Qingliao
3211:Hongzhi Zhengjue
3141:Dongshan Shouchu
3121:Nanyang Huizhong
3116:Baizhang Huaihai
3091:Baizhang Huaihai
3046:
2927:Avatamsaka Sutra
2855:Vietnamese Thiền
2814:
2807:
2800:
2791:
2630:
2621:
2609:
2607:
2600:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2544:
2524:
2518:
2508:
2502:
2480:
2474:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2422:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2405:on March 4, 2009
2404:
2398:. Archived from
2397:
2384:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2328:
2322:
2304:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2258:
2252:
2234:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2180:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2154:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2107:, p. 25–26.
2102:
2096:
2090:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2026:rim gyis ‘jug pa
1835:nan-tun bei qian
1824:sudden teachings
1664:Lengqie shizi ji
1659:
1650:
1577:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1542:
1530:
1496:
1495:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1394:Tiantai Mountain
1333:Taishō Tripiṭaka
1182:Hongzhi Zhengjue
991:Chinese Buddhism
978:
968:
961:
954:
779:Thiền in Vietnam
661:Yongming Yanshou
405:Avatamsaka Sutra
174:Sudden awakening
72:
62:
54:
50:
44:
37:
30:
21:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4730:
4699:
4678:Related schools
4673:
4651:
4633:
4601:
4530:
4504:
4467:
4441:
4415:
4399:
4378:
4346:
4330:
4314:
4288:
4272:
4245:
4229:
4225:Keido Fukushima
4198:
4167:
4153:Gyokuko Carlson
4143:Dainin Katagiri
4126:
4100:
4081:Zen Peacemakers
4066:Bernie Glassman
4031:Hakuun Yasutani
4019:
4015:Shōhaku Okumura
3988:
3941:
3920:
3886:
3865:
3838:
3822:
3801:
3775:
3736:
3720:
3669:
3643:
3629:Hongzhou school
3596:
3587:Thích Nhất Hạnh
3555:
3524:
3503:
3482:
3463:Hakuun Yasutani
3451:
3430:
3426:Keido Fukushima
3389:
3373:Traditional Zen
3368:
3337:
3311:
3245:
3236:Tiantong Rujing
3216:Wansong Xingxiu
3191:Dayang Jingxuan
3166:Yunyan Tansheng
3151:Qingyuan Xingsi
3081:Nanyue Huairang
3066:Jianzhi Sengcan
3037:
2987:
2936:
2932:Śūraṅgama Sūtra
2890:
2864:
2823:
2818:
2736:
2642:
2637:
2635:Further reading
2624:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2568:
2555:
2552:
2547:
2541:Wayback Machine
2527:van Schaik, Sam
2525:
2521:
2509:
2505:
2481:
2477:
2449:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2415:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2393:"Archived copy"
2391:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2342:Wayback Machine
2329:
2325:
2305:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2272:Wayback Machine
2259:
2255:
2235:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2181:
2177:
2168:
2164:
2155:
2148:
2142:Bielefeldt 1986
2140:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2034:
1968:
1933:
1919:
1898:
1858:
1807:
1791:
1749:
1714:
1677:
1633:
1590:
1560:
1466:
1437:
1436:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1014:
972:
943:
942:
903:
902:Related schools
895:
894:
865:
857:
856:
822:Hakuun Yasutani
800:Thích Nhất Hạnh
585:
580:
572:
571:
567:Zen Peacemakers
492:Hongzhou school
467:
459:
458:
429:Śūraṅgama Sūtra
370:
360:
359:
355:Zen calligraphy
274:Bodhisattva vow
269:Six Perfections
259:
251:
250:
182:
140:
135:
127:
126:
80:
60:
52:
46:
42:
28:
23:
22:
18:Northern School
15:
12:
11:
5:
4799:
4797:
4789:
4788:
4778:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4755:
4748:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4624:
4621:The Way of Zen
4617:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4561:Platform Sutra
4557:
4549:
4547:
4540:
4539:Zen literature
4536:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4486:
4484:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4112:Philip Kapleau
4108:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4051:Taizan Maezumi
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4010:Kōshō Uchiyama
4007:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3964:Shunryū Suzuki
3960:
3958:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3857:
3855:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3706:Chung Tai Shan
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3665:Guiyang school
3662:
3660:Caodong school
3657:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3592:Thích Thanh Từ
3589:
3584:
3579:
3577:Trần Nhân Tông
3574:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3494:Taizan Maezumi
3490:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3478:Philip Kapleau
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3447:Shunryū Suzuki
3444:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3342:Modern Guiyang
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3316:Modern Caodong
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3231:Xuedou Zhijian
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3181:Tongan Guanzhi
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3161:Yaoshan Weiyan
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3049:Classical Chan
3043:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2902:Zen scriptures
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2777:
2767:
2757:
2747:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2716:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2670:
2656:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2622:
2610:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2566:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2519:
2503:
2475:
2443:
2431:
2376:
2367:
2355:
2346:
2323:
2288:
2276:
2253:
2224:
2212:
2200:
2188:
2175:
2162:
2146:
2144:, p. 140.
2134:
2122:
2109:
2097:
2082:
2070:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2043:Yuquan Shenxiu
2040:
2033:
2030:
1967:
1964:
1932:
1929:
1918:
1915:
1903:Platform Sutra
1897:
1894:
1861:Yuquan Shenxiu
1857:
1854:
1839:nanton hokuzen
1806:
1803:
1790:
1787:
1755:, students of
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1721:
1713:
1710:
1676:
1673:
1632:
1629:
1589:
1586:
1559:
1556:
1552:Yuquan Shenxiu
1503:Dōngshān Fǎmén
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1202:Hanshan Deqing
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1147:Śubhakarasiṃha
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
994:
993:
987:
986:
974:
973:
971:
970:
963:
956:
948:
945:
944:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
904:
901:
900:
897:
896:
893:
892:
890:Zen Narratives
887:
882:
877:
872:
866:
863:
862:
859:
858:
850:
849:
844:
839:
834:
832:Shunryū Suzuki
829:
827:Taizan Maezumi
824:
819:
808:
807:
805:Thích Thiên-Ân
802:
797:
795:Thích Thanh Từ
792:
790:Trần Nhân Tông
787:
785:Trần Thái Tông
776:
775:
770:
765:
760:
749:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
712:
711:
706:
701:
688:
687:
685:Hanshan Deqing
682:
673:Post-classical
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
451:
446:
444:Platform Sutra
441:
436:
431:
426:
413:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
371:
366:
365:
362:
361:
358:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
335:Buddhist chant
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
243:
238:
233:
231:Zen and Sutras
222:
221:
216:
205:
204:
199:
194:
189:
177:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
119:
111:
103:
95:
87:
81:
78:
77:
74:
73:
65:
64:
56:
55:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4798:
4787:
4786:Chan Buddhism
4784:
4783:
4781:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4752:Zen Buddhists
4749:
4747:
4746:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4474:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4343:
4342:Kaishin Inshu
4340:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4179:Soen Nakagawa
4177:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4138:Sōyū Matsuoka
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4091:Dennis Merzel
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3696:Fo Guang Shan
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3639:Yunmen school
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3499:Dennis Merzel
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3473:Robert Aitken
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:Soen Nakagawa
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3401:Imakita Kosen
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:Modern Rinzai
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3267:Nan Huai-Chin
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:Modern Lingji
3248:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:Danxia Zichun
3204:
3202:
3201:Furong Daokai
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Yunju Daoying
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:Shitou Xiqian
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:Yunmen Wenyan
3134:
3132:
3131:Xuefeng Yicun
3129:
3127:
3126:Dahui Zonggao
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:Huangbo Xiyun
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3009:Koan practice
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:Diamond Sutra
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:Buddha-nature
2874:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2840:Chan Buddhism
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:Main articles
2826:
2822:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2685:0-02-908230-7
2682:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2569:
2567:0-86171-163-7
2563:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:0-8248-0835-5
2485:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2460:0-231-13664-1
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2319:0-02-908230-7
2316:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2249:0-02-908230-7
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2222:, p. 29.
2221:
2220:Ferguson 2000
2216:
2213:
2209:
2208:Ferguson 2000
2204:
2201:
2198:, p. 26.
2197:
2196:Ferguson 2000
2192:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2095:, p. 34.
2094:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2080:, p. 30.
2079:
2078:Ferguson 2000
2074:
2071:
2067:
2066:Ferguson 2000
2062:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1908:Oxhead school
1905:
1904:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1886:Kuan-hsin lun
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1772:Diamond Sutra
1769:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:Diamond Sutra
1732:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1658:yīxíng sānmèi
1654:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1570:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:Chan Buddhism
1512:
1511:Daman Hongren
1508:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1474:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1443:
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1428:
1425:
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1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:Nan Huai-Chin
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Dahui Zonggao
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:Daman Hongren
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
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1135:
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1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
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1103:
1100:
1098:
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1093:
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1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:Major figures
1048:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1024:Dharmaguptaka
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:
969:
964:
962:
957:
955:
950:
949:
947:
946:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
899:
898:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
861:
860:
855:
854:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
813:
812:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
781:
780:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
754:
753:
752:Seon in Korea
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
717:
716:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
695:
694:
693:
686:
683:
681:
678:
677:
676:
675:
674:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
611:Huineng (Enō)
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
593:
592:
591:
590:
584:
583:Chán in China
576:
575:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
537:Rinzai school
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
482:Oxhead school
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
463:
462:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
420:
419:
418:
417:Chinese texts
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
377:
376:
375:
369:
368:Zen scripture
364:
363:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
340:Dharma combat
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
255:
254:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
227:
226:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
210:
209:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
183:
181:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
154:Buddha-nature
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
141:
139:
138:The "essence"
131:
130:
123:
120:
118:
117:
112:
110:
109:
104:
102:
101:
96:
94:
93:
88:
86:
83:
82:
79:Main articles
76:
75:
71:
67:
66:
63:
57:
51:
49:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
4757:
4750:
4745:Zen Buddhism
4743:
4721:Steven Heine
4666:
4644:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4319:Zendo Kyodan
4261:Sanbo Kyodan
4254:European Zen
4220:Shodo Harada
4046:John Tarrant
4036:Sanbo Kyodan
3974:Mel Weitsman
3904:Extant sects
3834:Kyoto School
3813:Sanbo Kyodan
3780:Extant sects
3746:Japanese Zen
3655:Linji school
3648:Extant sects
3634:Fayan school
3623:
3605:Chinese Chán
3456:Sanbo Kyodan
3416:D. T. Suzuki
3385:Hakuin Ekaku
3241:Xueting Fuyu
3196:Touzi Yiqing
3176:Tongan Daopi
3146:Yuanwu Keqin
3101:Linji Yixuan
2850:Japanese Zen
2780:
2770:
2760:
2750:
2740:
2719:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2676:
2659:
2646:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2603:the original
2594:
2584:
2575:
2557:
2530:
2522:
2511:
2506:
2478:
2451:
2446:
2439:
2434:
2407:. Retrieved
2400:the original
2387:
2370:
2358:
2349:
2331:
2326:
2310:
2279:
2261:
2256:
2240:
2215:
2203:
2191:
2183:
2178:
2170:
2165:
2157:
2137:
2125:
2117:
2112:
2105:Kasulis 2003
2100:
2073:
2061:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1969:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1901:
1899:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1859:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1837:; Japanese:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1799:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1750:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1692:shou-i pu i,
1691:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1634:
1624:
1616:
1614:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1571:
1561:
1545:
1520:
1519:
1502:
1484:
1483:
1427:Martial arts
1379:Mount Jiuhua
1363:Sacred Sites
1345:Architecture
1217:Miyun Yuanwu
851:
817:D. T. Suzuki
810:
809:
778:
777:
751:
750:
741:Hakuin Ekaku
715:Zen in Japan
714:
713:
692:Contemporary
691:
690:
689:
672:
671:
670:
588:
587:
586:
582:
552:Sanbo Kyodan
547:Ōbaku school
502:Tibetan Chan
471:
416:
415:
414:
373:
372:
224:
223:
207:
206:
179:
178:
137:
115:
107:
99:
91:
61:Zen Buddhism
47:
4568:Xinxin Ming
4234:Pan-lineage
4215:Omori Sogen
4163:Brad Warner
4122:Toni Packer
4000:Kōdō Sawaki
3882:Jogye Order
3877:Taego Order
3847:Korean Seon
3529:Korean Seon
3520:Muhō Noelke
3442:Kōdō Sawaki
3435:Modern Sōtō
3406:Soyen Shaku
3307:Shi Yinshun
3071:Dayi Daoxin
3056:Bodhidharma
2917:Heart Sūtra
2845:Korean Seon
2264:. Source:
2048:Mount Wutai
1982:Kamalashila
1850:Mogao Caves
1768:Heart Sutra
1753:Lotus Sutra
1730:Heart Sutra
1507:Dayi Daoxin
1478:Wuzu Temple
1384:Mount Putuo
1369:Mount Wutai
1242:Yang Wenhui
1162:Bodhidharma
1157:Amoghavajra
1077:Dharmakṣema
864:Institution
811:Western Zen
596:Bodhidharma
542:Sōtō school
532:Taego Order
522:Jogye Order
487:Heze school
395:Lotus Sutra
202:One Vehicle
114:Vietnamese
4646:Zen at War
4596:Shōbōgenzō
4521:Daitoku-ji
4516:Myōshin-ji
4437:Zen master
4383:Attendants
3916:Wu Yantong
3546:Seongcheol
3508:German Zen
3086:Mazu Daoyi
3061:Dazu Huike
3004:Shikantaza
2958:Five Ranks
2953:Shikantaza
2763:. Source:
2734:Electronic
2666:. Source:
2652:. Source:
2470:. Source:
2363:McRae 2003
2334:. Source:
2284:McRae 1991
2093:McRae 2003
2054:References
1960:Mount Sung
1831:suddenness
1757:Madhyamaka
1669:guan yi wu
1631:Meditation
1374:Mount Emei
1269:Traditions
1212:Ouyi Zhixu
1177:Mazu Daoyi
1152:Vajrabodhi
1082:Paramartha
1062:Kumārajīva
773:Seongcheol
477:Sanjiejiao
466:Traditions
350:Zen poetry
320:Samu (Zen)
284:Shikantaza
225:Background
219:Buddhahood
208:The "goal"
4759:Zen texts
4716:Masao Abe
4582:Denkoroku
4526:Tōfuku-ji
4390:Jikijitsu
4086:Joko Beck
3567:Pháp Hiền
3541:Seungsahn
3354:Hsuan Hua
3333:Sheng-yen
3297:Wei Chueh
3292:Cheng Yen
3287:Hsing Yun
3282:Sheng-yen
2948:Ten Bulls
2941:Teachings
2018:Nyingmapa
1588:Teachings
1290:Pure Land
1237:Hsuan Hua
1142:Chengguan
1057:Lokakṣema
842:Seungsahn
837:Hsuan Hua
758:Taego Bou
709:Sheng-yen
589:Classical
258:Practices
246:Emptiness
134:Teachings
98:Japanese
4780:Category
4638:Critical
4575:Sandokai
4500:Antai-ji
4490:Eihei-ji
4005:Antai-ji
3911:Trúc Lâm
3766:Fuke-shū
3582:Pháp Loa
3572:Vạn Hạnh
3411:Sokei-an
3364:Chuanyin
3272:Yuanying
3028:Zazenkai
2992:Practice
2537:Archived
2533:Source:
2529:(2007).
2498:Source:
2419:cite web
2409:March 4,
2338:Archived
2268:Archived
2130:Lai 2003
2032:See also
2007:Kunkhyen
1940:Hui-ming
1770:and the
1606:and the
1583:teacher.
1533:Huangmei
1389:Mount Lu
1247:Yin Shun
1207:Zhu Hong
1097:Woncheuk
1087:Xuanzang
1067:Sengzhao
983:a series
981:Part of
847:Sokei-an
507:Trúc Lâm
90:Chinese
48:a series
4690:Tiantai
4546:Classic
4495:Sōji-ji
4476:Temples
4420:Teacher
3950:USA Zen
3771:Niō Zen
3359:Yicheng
3328:Dongchu
3302:Yicheng
3277:Benhuan
3111:Huineng
3076:Hongren
3042:Persons
3023:Sesshin
2886:Śūnyatā
2550:Sources
2003:bka' ma
1971:Moheyan
1795:Shenhui
1645:Chinese
1641:samadhi
1637:śūnyatā
1558:History
1548:Huineng
1537:Chinese
1525:Chinese
1422:Cuisine
1411:Culture
1280:Tiantai
1257:Nenghai
1232:Hsu Yun
1167:Huineng
1132:Zhanran
1122:Shandao
1117:Daochuo
1112:Tanluan
1107:Huiyuan
1102:Daoxuan
1012:History
928:Shingon
923:Tiantai
631:Huangbo
616:Shenhui
606:Shenxiu
601:Hongren
579:Persons
315:Hua Tou
294:Dhāraṇī
289:Sesshin
180:The way
144:No-mind
106:Korean
43:Part of
4685:Huayan
4606:Modern
4427:Sensei
4404:Priest
4362:Novice
3925:Temple
3792:Rinzai
3551:Daewon
2973:Satori
2968:Kenshō
2726:
2712:
2683:
2564:
2494:
2486:
2466:
2458:
2317:
2247:
1761:Vinaya
1655::
1653:pinyin
1647::
1539::
1527::
1499:pinyin
1300:Sanlun
1295:Weishi
1285:Huayan
1197:Zongmi
1137:Fazang
1072:Jizang
933:Tendai
918:Huayan
913:Wéishí
908:Sānlùn
768:Daewon
736:Bankei
726:Bassui
704:Xu Yun
651:Zongmi
345:Kyōgai
325:Ōryōki
304:Nianfo
169:Satori
164:Kenshō
4432:Rōshi
4395:Jisha
4369:Unsui
3797:Ōbaku
3761:Nōnin
3536:Jinul
3380:Dōgen
3349:Xuyun
3323:Xuyun
3262:Taixu
3257:Xuyun
2999:Zazen
2640:Print
2606:(PDF)
2599:(PDF)
2403:(PDF)
2396:(PDF)
1890:Zhiyi
1531:) of
1322:Texts
1227:Tanxu
1222:Taixu
1192:Linji
1127:Zhiyi
1092:Kuiji
763:Jinul
746:Dōgen
731:Ikkyū
721:Eisai
699:Taixu
264:Zazen
116:Thiền
4411:Oshō
3787:Sōtō
3033:Ango
2724:ISBN
2710:ISBN
2681:ISBN
2562:ISBN
2492:ISBN
2484:ISBN
2464:ISBN
2456:ISBN
2425:link
2411:2009
2315:ISBN
2245:ISBN
1936:Faru
1733:and
1649:一行三昧
1550:and
1494:東山法門
1432:Diyu
1275:Chan
310:Koan
306:Chan
108:Seon
92:Chan
2835:Zen
2821:Zen
2028:).
1763:".
1643:' (
1543:).
1541:五祖寺
100:Zen
85:Zen
4782::
2662:.
2490:,
2462:,
2421:}}
2417:{{
2379:^
2291:^
2227:^
2149:^
2085:^
2013:.
1962:.
1841:).
1826::
1778:.
1651:;
1612:.
1575:弘忍
1565:道信
1529:雙峰
1517:.
1501::
1491::
985:on
53:on
3017:"
3013:"
2813:e
2806:t
2799:v
2427:)
2413:.
2365:.
2286:.
2132:.
1739:,
1487:(
1461:e
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