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118:. To determine which point was the most northwestern, he drew a line from each point in the southwest–northeast direction. If the line intersected the lake at any point, it was not the most northwestern point, as shown in the example diagram here. Tiarks determined that the only such line that did not intersect the lake was at the edge of a pond on the Angle Inlet. (A 1940 academic study documents this point as being in the immediate vicinity of
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The "northwesternmost point" of the lake had not yet been identified when it was referenced in treaties defining the border between the US and
Britain; it was simply an easily described abstraction based on a large landmark. The best maps at the time of the original negotiation depicted the lake as a
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of water areas totaling two and a half acres that belonged to the United States but were surrounded by
Canadian waters. A 1925 treaty addressed this by adopting the southernmost of the points where the channel and the border intersected – approximately 5,000 ft (1,500 m) south of Tiarks's
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Tiarks's point, however, created problems, because the 1818 treaty called for the border to run directly north–south from it. South of that point, the channel of the
Northwest Angle Inlet meandered east and west, crossing the border five times, thereby creating two small
412:
International
Boundary Commission (1937). "Joint Report upon the Survey and Demarcation of the Boundary between the United States and Canada from the Gulf of Georgia to the Northwesternmost Point of Lake of the Woods" (Document). U.S. Govt. print. off. p. 332.
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simple oval. However, although the southern portion of the lake is easily mapped, to the north it becomes a complex tangle of bays, peninsulas, and islands, with many adjacent bodies of water separated or connected by narrow
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Example demonstrating how the most northwest point of the Lake of the Woods was determined. If the line intersects any part of the lake, it is determined not to be the most northwest point of the Lake of the
156:. As this was determined to be geographically impossible (the Mississippi begins further south), under the 1818 treaty the international border instead ran from the point determined by Tiarks, to the
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110:, a German astronomer in British service, surveyed the lake. Tiarks identified two possibilities for the northwesternmost point on the lake, based on Thompson's maps: the
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was a critical landmark for the boundary between United States territory and the
British possessions to the north. This point, on the shore of the
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was hired to identify it. Thompson mapped the lake and found four possibilities, but did not conclusively declare one location.
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Under the 1783 treaty, the international border would have run due west from this point to the
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434:"North American Datum Conversion, NAD 27 to NAD 83, NADCON Program Version 2.11"
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Surveyors report (1912) of the northwesternmost point of Lake of the Woods
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393:"Map of the vicinity of the northwesternmost point of Lake of the Woods"
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International boundaries: a study of boundary functions and problems
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270:. University of Oklahoma College of Law. 2009. Archived from
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Minnesota's
Boundary with Canada: Its Evolution Since 1783
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Landmark for the boundary between United States and Canada
328:. Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 48.
527:Geography of Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota
32:northwesternmost point of the Lake of the Woods
365:. Columbia University Press. pp. 48–49.
177:point – as the new "northwesternmost point".
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54:, and is thus the northernmost point of the
42:in 1783 and in later treaties including the
180:The new northwesternmost point thus became
18:Northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods
497:Border irregularities of the United States
302:"Drawing the Line… The Canada-U.S. Border"
432:United States National Geodetic Survey.
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537:Treaties involving territorial changes
46:. The point lies at the corner of the
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522:Geography of Rainy River District
359:Boggs, Samuel Whittemore (1940).
268:"The Paris Peace Treaty of 1783"
234:49.3844788139°N 95.1533910639°W
215:datum, which is equivalent to
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239:49.3844788139; -95.1533910639
137:49.39759000°N 95.1533910639°W
512:Geography of Kenora District
507:Canada–United States border
142:49.39759000; -95.1533910639
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199:49.3844833°N 95.1531500°W
38:, was referred to in the
322:William E. Lass (1980).
56:contiguous United States
532:Legal history of Canada
468:49.384479°N 95.153391°W
419:2027/mdp.39015027937153
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517:Geography of Minnesota
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60:Canadian Confederation
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108:Johann Ludwig Tiarks
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154:Mississippi River
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190:95°9′11.34″W
187:49°23′4.14″N
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116:Rat Portage
112:Angle Inlet
486:Categories
459:95°09′12″W
456:49°23′04″N
439:2013-10-28
398:2013-08-19
378:2013-04-27
254:References
149:(NAD83).)
341:15 August
106:In 1825,
85:isthmuses
58:. After
52:Minnesota
174:enclaves
168:coast).
64:Manitoba
250:datum.
166:Pacific
89:straits
68:Ontario
369:
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307:15 Oct
278:28 Oct
78:Woods.
248:NAD83
213:NAD27
367:ISBN
343:2011
330:ISBN
309:2009
280:2009
114:and
66:and
30:The
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87:or
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
