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322:, who was director from 1973 to 1975, is credited with "getting sponsorship, recruiting more steel bands, reggae groups and sound systems, introducing generators and extending the route." He encouraged traditional masquerade, and for the first time in 1973 costume bands and steel bands from the various islands took part in the street parade, alongside the introduction of stationary sound systems, as distinct from those on moving floats, which, as
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emphasize the "baseness" of the music, with everything being about the "bottom": the ground, the bottom of the body, and the bottom of the beat. The festival uses influences from the
Jamaican dancehalls and British clubs, and the music is made loud enough for participants to feel the beat. The vibrations from the speakers allow people to better connect with the ground and bring their experience to another level.
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after discovering pickpockets in the crowd, police took a heavy-handed approach against the large congregation of black people and it became "no-man's land". The 1600-strong police force violently broke up the carnival, with the arrest of 60 people. In the aftermath of the event, the carnival was portrayed in a very pointed way, with those aiding the riots lumped together as the "trouble-makers" responsible.
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628:, criticised authorities for not addressing safety issues involved in over a million people attending a small inner-city residential area, quoting the Met Police spokesman Dave Musker, who in November 2016 said: "Each year … we come exceptionally close to a major catastrophic failure of public safety where members of the public will suffer serious injury."
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The 2008 Carnival was marred by rioting at the very end of the weekend, involving about 40 youths battling with police, and more than 300 people were arrested. The carnival has come under criticism for its cost to the London taxpayer, with the cost of policing the event more than £6,000,000; however,
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Since the carnival did not have local authority permission, initial police involvement was aimed at preventing it taking place at all, which resulted in regular confrontation and riots. In 1976, the police had been expecting hostility due to what they deemed as trouble the year before. Consequently,
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and indulged in vulgar acts. It allowed people a space to free-up but it was banned for moral reasons and for the antiauthoritarian behaviour that went on like stoning of constables. Carnival allowed people to dramatise their grievances against the authorities on the street... Notting Hill
Carnival
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This mixture of percussion, with emphasis on the beat and rhythm, leads to the extreme dancing in the streets for which
Carnival is known, with citizens participating to the beat of the music, using mud and paint, dancing with the lower parts of the body. Henriques and Ferrara explain that people
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In recent years, there has been much less serious trouble, and it is generally viewed very positively by the authorities as a dynamic celebration of London's multicultural diversity, though dominated by the
Caribbean culture. However, there has been controversy over the public safety aspects of
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Since 1987 there have been eight deaths related to violence at carnival: Michael
Augustine Galvin (23) on 30 August 1987, Nicholas John Hanscomb (38) on 26 August 1991, Greg Fitzgerald Watson (21) on 28 August 2000, Abdul Munam Bhatti (28) on 28 August 2000, Lee Christopher Surbaran (27) on 30
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The authors of the same article further explain how
Notting Hill Carnival also creates "territory". The parade route portion of the Carnival is where carnival floats play both recorded and live music and circulate the street, visualizing the boundaries of Carnival and marking its territory. The
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has been resisted. Some crimes associated with the carnival have taken place on its periphery: in 2007, two teenagers were wounded in separate shooting incidents just outside the carnival area on the Monday evening; however, police said there had been a decline in the number of carnival-linked
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pressed for the introduction of riot shields to protect police from objects thrown at them, although the shields also had the potential for aggressive use, as in 1977. A change of policy came after a confrontation in 1987, when the
Carnival was allowed to take place with police adopting a more
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By 1976, the event had become definitely
Caribbean in flavour, with around 150,000 people attending. However, in that year and several subsequent years, the carnival was marred by riots, in which predominantly Caribbean youths fought with police – a target due to the continuous harassment the
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The
Carnival further diversified in 1984 with the appearance of the London School of Samba. Formed in that year, they were the first samba school in the UK and have paraded every year since (with the exception of 1992). Other samba schools have also paraded in Carnival, notably Acadêmicos de
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has explained, "created the bridge between the two cultures of carnival, reggae and calypso." "Notting Hill
Carnival became a major festival in 1975 when it was organised by a young teacher, Leslie Palmer." The carnival was also popularised by live radio broadcasts by Pascall on his daily
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During the 2018 event, due to the rising levels of violent crime in London, police deployed metal detectors to prevent weapons being brought to the event. During the event, 30 police officers were injured in the line of duty, 36 weapons were confiscated and 373 arrests were made by the
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In the three weeks running up to the 2017 event, the police made 656 arrests, a pre-emptive crackdown. There were 313 arrests during the two days of the 2017 Carnival, compared with 454 the previous year. On both days, a minute's silence in tribute to the victims of the
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in Brooklyn. They also explain that Notting Hill Carnival is dually influenced by its diasporic cultures and its own country's influences. Henriques and Ferrara claim: "Carnival also has an explosive auditory impact due to its cacophony of sounds, in which
362:, setting up a Carnival Review Group to look into "formulating guidelines to safeguard the future of the Carnival". An interim report by the review resulted in a change to the route in 2002. When the full report was published in 2004, it recommended that
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population felt they were under. During this period, there was considerable press coverage of the disorder, which some felt took an unfairly negative and one-sided view of the carnival. For a while it looked as if the event would be banned.
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262:, who was not aware of the indoor events when she first raised the idea. This festival was a more diverse Notting Hill event to promote cultural unity. A street party for neighbourhood children turned into a carnival procession when
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circulating movement of the Carnival parade is also an extending of space through sound. Territorializing the space through sounds of African beats, such as the pan, fosters a sense of identity and unity for the overall Carnival.
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to the United Kingdom, and brought what is thought to be the very first sound system to the Notting Hill Carnival in 1973, which paved the way for the many sound systems that operate at carnival today. Duke Vin became a legend in
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be used as a "savannah" (an open space to draw crowds away from residential areas), though the proposal of such a move attracted concerns, including that the Hyde Park event might overshadow the original street carnival.
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Madureira (1992–94), Quilombo do Samba (1993–2006) and the Paraiso School of Samba (since 2002). These groups are also notable as they sometimes parade with more than 200 performers, along with several decorated floats.
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This huge street festival attracts around one million people every year to Notting Hill and highlights Caribbean and Black diasporic cultures. Carnival uses influences from many other festivals around the world. Authors
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district of the area), has been the carnival's traditional starting point. Among the early bands to participate were Ebony Steelband and Metronomes Steelband. As the carnival had no permanent staff and head office, the
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In 2016 there were over 450 arrests, and five people were hurt in four knife attacks; however, the commander in charge of policing carnival, David Musker, said that the number of arrests had been inflated by the new
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In 2015, there was controversy when the Carnival Trust charged journalists £100 to cover the event, and demanded copies of all work produced relating to the event within three weeks of the end of the Carnival. The
425:, although free live-streamed events were shown online across four channels. On 18 June 2021, it was announced that the 2021 Carnival would not take place either, due to "ongoing uncertainty and Covid-19 risk".
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organised a boycott of the event. In 2016 the charge remained; however, in June 2017, the Carnival's new event management team introduced a revised media policy, with no request for any accreditation fees.
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For 2014, a Notting Hill Carnival illustrated guide was created by official city guide to London visitlondon.com. The infographic includes Carnival tips, transport information and a route map. The book
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August 2004, Takayo Nembhard (also known as rapper TKorStretch, 21) on 29 August 2022 and two deaths during NHC 2024 - a 32 year old female who was stabbed and a 41 year old male who was assaulted.
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During the 2024 Festival, 334 people were arrested and 8 people were stabbed, with 3 left with life threatening conditions. Two people died following two separate attacks during the carnival.
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243:, the Trinidad All Stars and Hi–fi steel bands dance troupe, finishing with a Caribbean Carnival Queen beauty contest and a Grand Finale Jump-Up by West Indians who attended the event.
266:'s steel band (who had played at the earlier Claudia Jones events) went on a walkabout. By 1970, "the Notting Hill Carnival consisted of 2 music bands, the Russell Henderson Combo and
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conciliatory approach. During the 2000 Carnival, two men were murdered; and future policing, while conciliatory, resulted in police deployment in large numbers: upwards of 11,000.
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Many carnival artists who created costumes and floats for Bands and Samba Schools have left their mark. Amongst them are: Ms Salandy - Mohogany Carnival Carl Gabriel Ray Mahabir.
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530:, Notting Hill Carnival has historically struggled to gain any live coverage outside of local media. The majority of carnival live broadcasts have been traditionally on
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The roots of the Notting Hill Carnival that took shape in the mid-1960s had two separate but connected strands. A "Caribbean Carnival" was held on 30 January 1959 in
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565:'s Carnival Review Group's report (published in 2004,) led to the parades taking a circular rather than linear route, but a recommendation to relocate the event in
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in Britain, and played at Notting Hill Carnival with his sound system, "Duke Vin the Tickler's", every year from the year it was founded until his death in 2012.
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found that "Nine out of ten residents living along the route of the Notting Hill Carnival flee their homes to escape the 'frightening and intimidating' event."
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in the 18th century were moments of great festivity and release. There was juggling, pickpocketing, whoring, drinking, masquerade – people dressed up as the
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In 2016, when the Golden Jubilee of Notting Hill Carnival was celebrated, 42 hours of live video coverage was broadcast by music live-streaming platform
2937:"Police informer is jailed for perjury over knife murder: Testimony led to man's life sentence for killing of stallholder at 1987 Notting Hill Carnival"
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1476:"Visionaries, Pioneers, Apostles and Healers: The Contribution of Migrants from Trinidad and Tobago to the Development of Black Britain, 1948 to 1986"
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In collaboration with the London Free School Laslett was instrumental in bringing about Notting Hill's first multicultural street festival in 1966
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community, and attracts around two million people annually, making it one of the world's largest street festivals, and a significant event in
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585:. The victim was one of 86 people who were taken to hospital. In total 245 people were detained by police over the two days of the carnival.
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it is argued that this should be put into context since the carnival is estimated to bring approximately £93,000,000 into the local economy.
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from the Rampage, Deviation, Aba Shanti-I, Channel One, Nasty Love, Saxon Sound, King Tubbys, Gladdy Wax and Disya Jeneration soundsystems.
276:, full name Vincent George Forbes, is credited as being a co-founder of Notting Hill Carnival, having brought the first sound system to the
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found that while 6% of businesses reported an upturn in trade, many others boarded up their shopfronts and lost business due to closure.
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https://www.timeout.com/london/news/i-am-known-as-a-wire-man-meet-pioneering-notting-hill-carnival-sculptor-carl-gabriel-082820
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498:, steel bands, calypso floats and sound systems mix and mingle in a multi-media and multi-sensory event" (Ferrara 132).
221:, often described as "the mother of the Notting Hill Carnival" in her capacity as editor of influential black newspaper
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holding such a well-attended event in narrow streets in a small area of London. A survey in 2016 commissioned by local
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Henriques, Julian, and Beatrice Ferrara, "The Sounding of Notting Hill Carnival: Music as Space, Place and Territory."
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In 2022, Notting Hill Carnival returned after a two-year hiatus. It started with a run to remember 72 victims of the
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https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/londons-notting-hill-carnival-gears-up-return-amid-surging-cost-living-2022-08-26/
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2230:"Notting Hill Carnival 2021: Event will not take place on streets due to 'ongoing uncertainty and Covid-19 risk'"
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605:. Based on relative attendance figures, it has been said that crime rates for the Notting Hill Carnival and for
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In 2023, Notting Hill Carnival was included in the Vision:2025 program, a Green Events Code of Practice.
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Transport for London run special limited-stop bus services from South London to the Carnival area:
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in Notting Hill that became the first organised outside event, in August 1966. The prime mover was
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1894:"Journalists charged £100 to cover Notting Hill Carnival and told to share work with organisers"
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2131:"We've Teamed Up with Boiler Room and Deviation to Give You a Taste of Notting Hill Carnival"
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1478:. European Conference on Arts & Humanities, 2013, Proceedings, p. 5. Quoting Tom Vague,
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2809:"Notting Hill Carnival pays tribute to Grenfell fire victims with emotional minute silence"
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The origins and men who started Notting Hill Carnival interview with Peter Joseph, part 2
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The origins and men who started Notting Hill Carnival interview with Peter Joseph, part 1
3046:"Notting Hill Carnival: Man, 21, dies after being stabbed in crowd in 'night of violence'"
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1835:"A Black History Month Special Oct 2014: Ishmahil Blagrove discusses his book ‘Carnival’"
995:"After 44 years secret papers reveal truth about five nights of violence in Notting Hill"
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on the 2002 Carnival estimated that the event contributed around £93 million to the
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2911:"Notting Hill Carnival 2018: Police to use stop and search powers in violence crackdown"
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2250:"Notting Hill Carnival cancelled for second year in a row due to COVID, says organisers"
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581:, it was seen as being relatively peaceful. Five people were arrested for a stabbing at
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2772:"Notting Hill carnival is unsafe. But, like Grenfell, authorities ignore the warnings"
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1913:"Notting Hill Carnival 2015: Journalists to stage boycott over £100 accreditation fee"
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or other music festivals are comparable, and Ishmahil Blagrove, co-author of the book
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was observed at 3 pm by Carnival-goers, many of whom wore "green for Grenfell".
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1188:"40 Years of the Notting Hill Carnival: An Assessment of the History and the Future"
231:. It showcased elements of a Caribbean carnival in a cabaret style. It featured the
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Although the 2011 Carnival was at risk of being cancelled in the wake of the early
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3245:– The themes paraded by the London School of Samba since their debut year in 1984.
3090:"Eight people including mother stabbed at Notting Hill Carnival with 334 arrested"
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podcast on 50th anniversary of Notting Hill Carnival, 2016. SoundCloud. See also
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Some London Underground stations are closed or are exit-only to ease congestion.
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2879:"Over 370 arrests were made at Notting Hill Carnival and one person was stabbed"
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Abner Cohen, "Drama and Politics in the Development of a London Carnival", in
1795:"Notting Hill Carnival is 'frightening and drives residents from their homes'"
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Masquerade Politics: Explorations in the Structure of Urban Cultural Movements
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Getting it Straight in Notting Hill Gate: A West London Psychogeography Report
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Carnival: A Photographic and Testimonial History of the Notting Hill Carnival
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Carnival: A Photographic and Testimonial History of the Notting Hill Carnival
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Carnival: A Photographic and Testimonial History of the Notting Hill Carnival
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270:'s Notting Hill Adventure Playground Steelband and 500 dancing spectators."
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2368:"Notting Hill Carnival 2023: Behind the scenes with the top costume makers"
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culture. In 2006, the UK public voted it onto a list of icons of England.
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1823:"Fantastic new photobook celebrates the history of Notting Hill Carnival"
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1997:"Notting Hill Carnival celebrates golden jubilee | Arts Council England"
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2520:"Robert Golden's best photograph: the 1976 Notting Hill carnival riots"
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Notting Hill Carnival is happy to announce its inclusion in Vision 2025
1877:"Notting Hill Carnival book launch – creating harmony out of adversity"
281:
1864:"Carnival: A Photographic and Testimonial History of the Notting Hill"
1763:"Executive Summary – The economic impact of the Notting Hill carnival"
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single-handedly revived this tradition and is a great contribution to
358:
Concerns about the size of the event resulted in London's then mayor,
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to recognise the Notting Hill Carnival as an art form. Since 1978 the
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event that has taken place in London since 1966 on the streets of the
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75:
2855:"Met officers thank Londoners for spectacular Notting Hill Carnival"
2826:"Notting Hill Carnival-goers praised for Grenfell disaster response"
2106:"This Is How You Can Stream Notting Hill Carnival Around The World"
903:, Notting Hill Carnival '13, London Notting Hill Enterprises Trust.
537:(hitting a peak of coverage in the years of 2003 and 2004), and on
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2792:"Notting Hill carnival arrests down after controversial crackdown"
1562:"Things You Never Knew About Carnival, London's Best Street Party"
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was one of the few establishment figures who supported the event.
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in which 108 people were charged, had occurred the previous year.
2180:"Notting Hill Carnival 2020 details announced for online version"
3116:"Notting Hill Carnival: Mum and chef die after separate attacks"
3068:"Notting Hill Carnival: Rapper Takayo Nembhard stabbed to death"
2072:"No mud but all the music: fans flock to watch festivals online"
3252:
2630:"Notting Hill carnival ends with police battling troublemakers"
1610:"Revolutionary Black British Women – London Architecture Diary"
1110:"The Notting Hill carnival has an unsung hero – Rhaune Laslett"
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2157:"Coronavirus: Notting Hill Carnival cancelled due to Covid-19"
1202:, July 2004. Submitted to Joseph Charles Media, publishers of
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2842:"Notting Hill Carnival: Thousands enjoy sound, samba and sun"
477:
and Beatrice Ferrara claim the festival draws mainly on the
2690:"Notting Hill carnival: 16-year-old arrested after stabbing"
2046:"Boiler Room to broadcast Notting Hill Carnival livestream"
1772:. London Development Agency – Research. May 2003. p. 9
1340:"Duke Vin: 'Soundman' who brought sound systems to Britain"
217:, was organised by the Trinidadian journalist and activist
206:
at the time; the UK's first widespread racial attacks, the
3182:
2708:"Notting Hill Carnival stabbing: Boy among five arrested"
2556:
Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press
2291:"Notting Hill Carnival 2023: Everything you need to know"
1929:"New Media Policy and Official Media Centre at Carnival"
148:
2023:"In pictures: Fifty years of the Notting Hill Carnival"
878:"50 things you didn't know about Notting Hill Carnival"
374:, the Notting Hill Carnival Trust Ltd. A report by the
139:
2 million attendees, 40,000 volunteers and 9,000 police
3243:
London School Of Samba – Notting Hill Carnival Archive
2268:"Notting Hill Carnival returns after two-year absence"
624:
A report in 2004 by the GLA Policing Policy Director,
3151:, Manchester University Press, 1982, pp. 313–44.
2199:"How to watch the virtual Notting Hill Carnival 2020"
1659:
Mayor of London – Notting Hill Carnival Review Group.
1250:"Observations: Duke Vin is the toast of Notting Hill"
526:
Compared to other major music and art events such as
2669:"Don't confuse Notting Hill carnival with the riots"
926:"Notting Hill carnival gets off to a peaceful start"
913:
BBC – 1Xtra – Black History: "What happened in 1965"
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from 2017. The 2023 carnival will run 27–28 August.
402:, was also published in August 2014 by Rice N Peas.
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1206:, for August 2004 Notting Hill Carnival edition of
421:The 2020 carnival was cancelled due to the ongoing
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1971:"'Yes, this is Notting Hill Carnival's 50th year'"
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1138:"'Yes, This Is Notting Hill Carnival's 50th Year'"
289:and had a huge influence on the popularisation of
213:The 1959 event, held indoors and televised by the
3237:"Notting Hill Carnival celebrates golden jubilee"
1953:"Notting Hill Carnival promises a media makeover"
1789:
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2613:"Notting Hill Carnival ends with boy's shooting"
2570:Policing Notting Hill: Fifty Years of Turbulence
1393:"Emslie Horniman's Pleasance: Enchanted gardens"
762:Jerk chicken and corn street food, Carnival 2015
370:In 2003, the Notting Hill Carnival was run by a
355:is held on the Saturday preceding the carnival.
2730:"Notting Hill carnival arrests hit record high"
2544:(Vol. 75, No. 1070), 22 September 1977, p. 739.
1737:
1735:
1523:"Notting Hill Carnival pioneers to be honoured"
1447:. University of California Press. p. 109.
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726:Carnival goers on the main drag, Carnival 2012
613:, states: "Notting Hill Carnival, compared to
570:arrests in comparison with the previous year.
280:in 1955 when he was a stowaway on a ship from
235:singing the calypso "Carnival at St Pancras",
46:Carnival goers on the main drag, Carnival 2012
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3190:"The Official Guide to Notting Hill Carnival"
2959:"Carnival victim's killer still being hunted"
2500:"BBC – 1Xtra Summer at Notting Hill Carnival"
1373:. The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
950:, Yesu Persaud Centre for Caribbean Studies,
312:in Notting Hill, run by another Trinidadian,
8:
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2436:"BBC – Press Office – Notting Hill Carnival"
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2755:"Glastonbury Festival has worse crime rate"
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2596:"Teen shootings mar Notting Hill Carnival"
2536:"Riot shields – protective or aggressive?"
873:
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451:Carnival is not alien to British culture.
202:as a response to the problematic state of
2345:Black Popular Music in Britain Since 1945
2330:Black Popular Music in Britain Since 1945
1743:"The Timeline: The Notting Hill Carnival"
1681:Notting Hill Carnival: A Strategic Review
1548:Black Popular Music in Britain Since 1945
942:
940:
836:(also known as the "Chapeltown Carnival")
553:After the 1976 Notting Hill Carnival the
1837:, Flip the Script Book, 10 October 2014.
1421:"How Carnival was developed in Britain?"
946:Professor David Dabydeen (August 2010),
750:Setting up a sound system, Carnival 2014
175:, over the August Bank Holiday weekend.
3239:, Arts Council England, 24 August 2016.
2386:"Carl Gabriel: From mas band to museum"
1811:"Top 10 Tips for Notting Hill Carnival"
1416:
1414:
971:. No. 27 April 2006. 10 June 2015.
867:
714:Steel pan drums on float, Carnival 2007
680:
3969:Multiculturalism in the United Kingdom
3149:Custom and Conflict in British Society
1848:"Things You Never Knew About Carnival"
1757:
1755:
1684:, Greater London Authority, June 2004.
1545:Nabeel Zuberi and Jon Stratton (eds),
621:, is one of the safest in the world."
63:Annually – August Bank Holiday weekend
31:
3959:Festivals of Caribbean culture abroad
2990:"'Racial motive' for carnival murder"
2968:, This Is Lancashire, 25 August 2001.
2343:Henriques, Julian; Beatrice Ferrara.
2328:Henriques, Julian; Beatrice Ferrara.
7:
3984:Recurring events established in 1965
2178:Ben Beaumont-Thomas (16 July 2020).
1482:, London: HISTORY talk, 2009, p. 22.
3974:Music festivals established in 1966
3162:, London: Rice N Peas Books, 2014.
2480:"BBC – Radio 1Xtra – Summer – Home"
1969:Hamilton, Davina (28 August 2016).
1592:"Remembering the Notting Hill riot"
1551:, Ashgate Publishing, 2014, p. 141.
965:"New icons of Englishness unveiled"
3004:"Gang jailed for carnival rampage"
2978:"Carnival murder footage released"
2948:from the original on 21 June 2022.
2688:Caroline Davies (30 August 2011).
2647:"London cashes in on the carnival"
1280:Colette Hibbert (29 August 2009).
1220:The Telegraph (23 November 2012).
1108:Busby, Margaret (24 August 2014).
1081:Oswald, Janelle (25 August 2013).
246:Another important strand was the "
25:
2909:Binding, Lucia (26 August 2018).
2890:from the original on 21 June 2022
2824:Lauren Pilat and Natasha Salmon,
2790:Jamie Grierson and Damien Gayle,
2210:from the original on 21 June 2022
1825:, It's Nice That, 22 August 2014.
1590:Emma Griffiths (25 August 2006).
1351:from the original on 21 June 2022
1261:from the original on 21 June 2022
1053:. Bread and Circuses Publishing.
982:Caribbean Carnival 1959 brochure.
3929:Afro-Caribbean culture in London
3858:
3844:
3333:
2572:, Waterside Press, 2013, p. 195.
2464:. 31 August 2004. Archived from
2104:David Renshaw (29 August 2016).
815:
803:
791:
779:
767:
755:
743:
731:
719:
707:
695:
683:
669:436X from Peckham and Camberwell
663:2X from West Norwood and Brixton
603:Psychoactive Substances Act 2016
579:August riots in the UK that year
40:
27:Annual street festival in London
3949:Carnivals in the United Kingdom
3944:Black British culture in London
2728:Damien Gayle (30 August 2016).
1247:Ian Burrell (22 October 2011).
1083:"Notting Hill's carnival roots"
1020:Onibada, Ade (20 August 2014).
666:36X from Peckham and Camberwell
3924:1966 establishments in England
2456:"BBC – London – Carnival 2004"
2070:Reidy, Tess (13 August 2016).
1480:50 Years of Carnival 1959–2009
1307:Jilke Golbach (29 July 2020).
1282:"Rocking the carnival rhythms"
993:Alan Travis (24 August 2002).
1:
3964:Festivals of multiculturalism
3029:"Gang trio jailed for murder"
2992:, BBC News, 5 September 2000.
2876:Tom Barnes (27 August 2018).
2583:"Carnival's route to success"
1721:"'Don't move carnival route'"
1371:"Emslie Horniman's Pleasance"
408:National Union of Journalists
353:national Panorama competition
2980:, BBC News, 11 October 2000.
2611:Matthew Moore and agencies,
2044:Andy Malt (18 August 2016).
1695:"Colourful: Weekday Edition"
1395:. unlike.net. Archived from
1309:"Dub reggae icons of London"
178:It is led by members of the
3048:. Mirror UK. 30 August 2022
3035:(Newsquest), 2 August 2005.
3002:Paul Cheston (2 May 2002).
2844:, BBC News, 29 August 2017.
2585:, BBC News, 27 August 2004.
1940:Notting Hill Carnival Guide
1022:"Remembering Claudia Jones"
954:. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
774:Float parade, Carnival 2015
642:Metropolitan Police Service
398:, by Ishmahil Blagrove and
301:Emslie Horniman's Pleasance
4005:
3196:Notting Hill Carnival 2023
3070:. BBC News. 30 August 2022
2270:. BBC News. 28 August 2022
2025:. BBC News. 28 August 2016
1162:"The politics of partying"
915:. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
834:Leeds West Indian Carnival
822:Notting Hill Carnival 2019
810:Notting Hill Carnival 2018
124:– 26 August 2024
3838:
3331:
1511:Portobello Film Festival.
1423:, Carnival in Education.
798:Mas parade, Carnival 2017
786:Mas parade, Carnival 2016
738:Mas parade, Carnival 2013
702:Mas parade, Carnival 2006
690:Mas parade, Carnival 2005
376:London Development Agency
184:British African Caribbean
39:
3989:Summer events in England
3484:Belarus, Russia, Ukraine
3229:"The art(s) of Carnival"
2628:James Orr and agencies,
1528:22 December 2015 at the
461:Archbishop of Canterbury
116:24 August 2024
3934:Annual events in London
3192:, Street Event Company.
3008:London Evening Standard
2944:. London. 2 July 1993.
2830:London Evening Standard
2678:, U TV, 25 August 2011.
2293:. michellealtenberg.com
1799:London Evening Standard
1726:London Evening Standard
1664:29 January 2009 at the
1614:city Architecture Diary
948:"Notting Hill Carnival"
439:Culture of the carnival
224:The West Indian Gazette
208:Notting Hill race riots
3851:Catholicism portal
3154:Ishmahil Blagrove and
2159:. BBC News. 7 May 2020
2001:www.artscouncil.org.uk
1975:www.voice-online.co.uk
1934:24 August 2017 at the
1427:25 August 2013 at the
1087:www.voice-online.co.uk
1026:www.voice-online.co.uk
541:in more recent years.
489:in Toronto and the US
470:
188:British Indo-Caribbean
3201:Notting Hill Carnival
2964:22 April 2014 at the
2857:. Metropolitan Police
2289:Altenberg, Michelle.
2204:www.independent.co.uk
2050:Complete Music Update
1741:Alice-Azania Jarvis,
1493:"In the beginning..."
952:University of Warwick
856:Karneval der Kulturen
466:British cultural life
449:
380:London and UK economy
161:Notting Hill Carnival
35:Notting Hill Carnival
18:Notting Hill carnival
3233:Arts Council England
2674:7 April 2014 at the
1441:Abner Cohen (1993).
1337:(21 November 2012).
1313:The Museum of London
1200:on 27 December 2013.
528:Glastonbury Festival
384:Member of Parliament
349:Arts Council England
200:St Pancras Town Hall
3954:Festivals in London
3891: /
3671:Trinidad and Tobago
3323:Ati-Atihan festival
3203:at CarnivalInfo.com
2761:, 1 September 2000.
2652:The Daily Telegraph
1883:, 26 November 2014.
1770:tfconsultancy.co.uk
1047:Vague, Tom (2012).
899:20 May 2015 at the
634:Grenfell Tower fire
430:Grenfell Tower fire
310:Mangrove restaurant
3895:51.5132°N 0.2043°W
3649:Dominican Republic
3145:Ronald Frankenberg
2468:on 31 August 2004.
2206:. 30 August 2020.
1892:Dominic Ponsford,
1813:, VisitLondon.com.
1729:, 10 January 2002.
1701:on 15 October 2007
1635:"2004 UK PANORAMA"
1160:(17 August 2002).
491:Labor Day Festival
252:London Free School
227:, and directed by
165:Caribbean Carnival
3979:Parades in London
3874:
3873:
2832:, 29 August 2017.
2815:, 29 August 2017.
2798:, 29 August 2017.
2778:, 25 August 2017.
2714:. 30 August 2011.
2655:, 21 August 2003,
2636:, 26 August 2008.
2619:, 28 August 2017.
2602:, 28 August 2007.
2508:. 26 August 2019.
2488:. 31 August 2011.
2374:. 27 August 2023.
1938:, Press release,
1919:, 25 August 2015.
1902:, 19 August 2015.
1866:at Ricenpeas.com.
1854:, 21 August 2014.
1749:, 26 August 2010.
1568:, 21 August 2014.
1536:, 17 August 2012.
1501:, 23 August 2002.
1454:978-0-520-07838-3
1185:Michael La Rose,
1144:, 28 August 2016.
1136:Davina Hamilton,
1060:978-1-62517-202-0
934:, 28 August 2011.
846:Culture of London
840:St Pauls Carnival
555:Police Federation
479:Trinidad Carnival
423:COVID-19 pandemic
264:Russell Henderson
180:British Caribbean
157:
156:
16:(Redirected from
3996:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3900:51.5132; -0.2043
3896:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3865:World portal
3863:
3862:
3849:
3848:
3754:Negros y Blancos
3337:
3282:around the world
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3185:
3183:Official website
3131:
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3096:. 27 August 2024
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2526:, 13 March 2013.
2518:Sarah Phillips,
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2137:. 26 August 2016
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2003:. 24 August 2016
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1697:. Archived from
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1639:www.carnaval.com
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2444:. 24 July 2003.
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2411:"Call the Rain"
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2388:. January 2010.
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1942:, 16 June 2017.
1936:Wayback Machine
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1917:The Independent
1910:
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1530:Wayback Machine
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2796:The Guardian
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2734:The Guardian
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2295:. Retrieved
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2017:
2005:. Retrieved
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1979:. Retrieved
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1774:. Retrieved
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1699:the original
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1397:the original
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1195:the original
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1169:. Retrieved
1166:The Guardian
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1158:Younge, Gary
1141:
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1117:. Retrieved
1114:The Guardian
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999:The Guardian
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924:Shiv Malik,
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222:
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169:Notting Hill
160:
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86:1965–present
83:Years active
29:
3898: /
3596:New Orleans
3557:Quebec City
3521:Switzerland
3459:Netherlands
3120:www.bbc.com
2214:8 September
2141:1 September
2115:1 September
2089:1 September
2055:1 September
2029:19 February
2007:19 February
1981:19 February
1977:. The Voice
1776:19 February
1719:Claire Hu,
1171:19 February
1119:19 February
1093:19 February
1089:. The Voice
1066:19 February
1032:19 February
1028:. The Voice
607:Glastonbury
485:, Canadian
481:as well as
416:Boiler Room
113:Most recent
68:Location(s)
3913:Categories
3883:51°30′48″N
3830:Mardi Gras
3781:Las Tablas
3686:Argentina
3514:Santa Cruz
3509:Las Palmas
3294:Indonesia
1403:3 December
1377:3 December
1355:13 October
1347:. London.
1319:13 October
1292:13 October
1265:13 October
1257:. London.
1232:13 October
1222:"Duke Vin"
894:"About us"
862:References
626:Lee Jasper
532:BBC London
443:Professor
254:-inspired
241:Cleo Laine
173:Kensington
149:nhcarnival
136:Attendance
128:2024-08-26
120:2024-08-24
3886:0°12′15″W
3814:Australia
3791:Cajamarca
3727:São Paulo
3612:Caribbean
3574:Vera Cruz
3463:Portugal
3449:Lithuania
3437:Viareggio
3125:31 August
3100:27 August
3074:31 August
3052:30 August
3013:31 August
2920:28 August
2894:28 August
2861:28 August
2739:30 August
2696:. London.
2559:, p. 248.
2297:24 August
2274:30 August
2254:The Voice
2110:The FADER
2084:0261-3077
1957:Soca News
1881:Soca News
1534:Soca News
1460:19 August
1204:Soca News
1142:The Voice
1005:29 August
842:, Bristol
655:Transport
567:Hyde Park
483:Crop Over
364:Hyde Park
78:, England
60:Frequency
3744:Colombia
3706:Bolivia
3644:Dominica
3629:Barbados
3579:Mazatlán
3494:Slovenia
3354:Belgium
3280:Carnival
2962:Archived
2946:Archived
2915:Sky News
2888:Archived
2712:BBC News
2672:Archived
2372:BBC News
2208:Archived
1932:Archived
1705:1 August
1662:Archived
1596:BBC News
1578:Carnival
1526:Archived
1425:Archived
1349:Archived
1315:. London
1288:. London
1259:Archived
1228:. London
1001:. London
969:BBC News
897:Archived
882:Time Out
828:See also
615:Trinidad
487:Caribana
303:(in the
274:Duke Vin
256:festival
171:area of
107:Duke Vin
91:Founders
55:Carnival
3823:Related
3807:Oceania
3798:Uruguay
3777:Panama
3766:Cayenne
3624:Bahamas
3619:Antigua
3562:Toronto
3548:Canada
3489:Croatia
3467:Madeira
3422:Hungary
3405:Cologne
3400:Germany
3384:France
3380:Finland
3375:England
3370:Denmark
3350:Austria
3318:Sinulog
3308:Jakarta
3224:YouTube
3213:YouTube
3158:(eds),
3147:(ed.),
2413:. 1998.
514:Artists
282:Jamaica
194:History
144:Website
126: (
118: (
3773:Guyana
3737:Recife
3717:Brazil
3591:Mobile
3569:México
3552:Ottawa
3533:Turkey
3500:Spain
3479:Slavic
3432:Venice
3417:Greece
3363:Binche
3343:Europe
3303:Jember
3166:
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1644:1 July
1619:6 June
1451:
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619:Brazil
291:reggae
248:hippie
76:London
3787:Peru
3732:Bahia
3710:Oruro
3700:Murga
3665:Ponce
3659:Nevis
3654:Haiti
3526:Basel
3504:Cádiz
3454:Malta
3442:Ivrea
3427:Italy
3410:Mainz
3393:Paris
3358:Aalst
2314:, in
2163:7 May
2135:Thump
1766:(PDF)
1198:(PDF)
1191:(PDF)
535:radio
386:(MP)
52:Genre
3639:Cuba
3472:Ovar
3388:Nice
3298:Solo
3288:Asia
3164:ISBN
3127:2024
3102:2024
3076:2022
3054:2022
3015:2016
2922:2018
2896:2018
2863:2018
2741:2016
2299:2023
2276:2022
2216:2020
2165:2020
2143:2016
2117:2016
2091:2016
2080:ISSN
2057:2016
2031:2019
2009:2019
1983:2019
1852:Vice
1778:2019
1707:2007
1646:2022
1621:2020
1566:Vice
1462:2011
1449:ISBN
1405:2010
1379:2010
1357:2021
1321:2021
1294:2021
1267:2021
1234:2021
1173:2019
1121:2019
1095:2019
1068:2019
1055:ISBN
1034:2019
1007:2016
561:The
496:soca
455:and
293:and
186:and
159:The
151:.org
3722:Rio
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3211:on
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