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Despite this, food shortages increased as the war continued, and by 1916 all food deliveries from
Austria-Hungary had ceased, which forced Liechtenstein to seek closer ties with Switzerland in order to ensure food deliveries continued. As a result, smuggling within the country increased significantly
398:
Within the general population of
Liechtenstein the coup was popular, as Imhof was largely seen as the reason for the country's economic crisis. However, in the Landtag it was far more controversial. Martin Ritter in particular was a controversial figure in the government as the first Liechtensteiner
256:
From
September, food deliveries from Austria-Hungary began to decrease, which quickly reduced the initial level of support for the war, due to Liechtenstein being reliant on them. In addition, due to the country's close ties to Austria-Hungary, Switzerland was forced to cease its food exports with
433:
and in combination with the economic devastation created from World War I it had created a large and significant basis of support for constitutional revision in the country. Soon afterwards, a constitutional committee was elected, which would begin a period of the next three years where both the
410:
Johann II reportedly responded with reservation in response to the coup. He remained in Vienna throughout the committee's duration but did not make any efforts to act against it, primarily due to its popularity within the country. The committee did not intend to break with the monarchy; its
366:
in the
Landtag against him. Imhof asked for a vote of confidence and at the same time agreed to submit his resignation due to pressure from members of the Landtag. While the Landtag unanimously expressed its confidence in him it was decided by the elected members, against the
399:
head of government, due to the unconstitutional means that he had come into power, despite having only served for one month, from 7 November to 7 December 1918. In response to the coup, all three members of the
Landtag appointed by Johann II resigned in protest.
228:
since 1852. The majority of the
Liechtenstein government did not expect the war to last long, thus no food or economic preparations were made for it. In addition, due to this belief, no official declaration of neutrality was made and
261:, issued emergency commissions throughout the country on 14 December 1914. These commissions aimed to manage the procurement of food and raw materials, now in short supply, and to distribute them to the population.
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interned
Liechtensteiners and partially confiscated their assets. As a result, the Liechtenstein government made various declarations that the country was neutral and a separate entity from Austria-Hungary.
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Imhof soon faced accusations that the measures he took to address the economic crisis were inadequate and that he was incompetent. Fierce debates took place between Beck and Imhof in the
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proclamation ended with the phrase "May the prince and the country live long." An expression of his involvement in state affairs was a telegram sent by his office to
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The 1862 constitution stipulates that the prince is the sole person to appoint and dismiss officials, particularly governor, with no direct say by the
Landtag.
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His
Majesty reacted with reservation to the fact that a committee had taken over power in the country. Official decisions on the committee will follow.
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newspaper. This primarily advocated for the expansion of welfare, broader voting rights and a
Liechtensteiner head of government (Imhof was Austrian).
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would be appointed governor upon the committee's conclusion as a compromise due to the popular demand for a Liechtensteiner head of government.
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and the princely appointed Landtag members, to transfer the power of governor to a Provisional Executive Committee led by Martin Ritter.
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As the war continued, the population grew increasingly dissatisfied with Imhof's leadership. This allowed for politicians such as
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Liechtenstein as the result of pressure from Britain and France to do so. In response, the Liechtenstein government, led by
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1097:"Der 7. November 1918. Staatsstreich – Putsch – Revolution oder politisches Spektakel im Kleinstaat Liechtenstein?"
1038:"Der 7. November 1918. Staatsstreich – Putsch – Revolution oder politisches Spektakel im Kleinstaat Liechtenstein?"
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in August 1914, Liechtenstein remained neutral. The government and general population were supportive of the
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In November 1918, Beck, who wanted a Liechtensteiner head of government, joined with the Landtag members
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for bringing food and raw materials into the country. From 1916 Liechtenstein was embargoed by the
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450:. The constitution was signed into law by Prince Karl Aloys on behalf of Johann II and
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accepted Imhof's resignation on 13 November. Schädler met with Johann II for talks in
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634:"10,000 NEUTRALS STARVING.; Swiss Government Sends Food to Liechtenstein Population"
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280:-minded opposition group against Imhof in 1914. This movement was supported by the
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and the three men plotted to overthrow Imhof. On 7 November 1918, they proposed a
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and Christian-Social People's Party worked together in creating a new
383:
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Jahrbuch des Historischen Vereins für das Fürstentum Liechtenstein
1060:"Mitglieder der Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein 1862-2021"
1042:
Jahrbuch des Historischen Vereins für das Fürstentum Liechtenstein
946:"Mitglieder der Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein 1862-2021"
401:
54:
992:
History of Liechtenstein. In: History of small European countries
424:
Prince's office on behalf of Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein,
200:. The coup forced Imhof's government to resign and established a
1164:
1120:"Schlossabmachungen (Septemberabmachungen, Schloss-Protokoll)"
988:
Historia Liechtensteinu. W: Historia małych krajów Europy
446:
as a continuation of Beck's ideals with assistance from
276:
to gain prominence and growing support. Beck formed a
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1294:
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1125:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
923:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
894:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
860:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
777:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
738:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
709:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
675:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
611:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
579:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
547:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
506:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
454:as a government representative on 5 October 1921.
374:Other figures who opposed Beck's ideals, such as
304:it won five out of twelve seats in the Landtag.
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702:Leipold-Schneider, Gerda (31 December 2011).
8:
378:, resigned in protest to the establishment.
252:, Governor of Liechtenstein since April 1914
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1018:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1598:Aftermath of World War I in Liechtenstein
916:Rheinberger, Rudolf (31 December 2011).
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300:was formed in February 1918 and in the
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668:Burgmeier, Markus (31 December 2011).
1118:Quaderer, Rupert (31 December 2011).
1076:from the original on 16 February 2024
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962:from the original on 16 February 2024
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731:Marxer, Wilfried (31 December 2011).
429:The coup had directly undermined the
224:, as the two countries had been in a
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1608:1910s coups d'état and coup attempts
986:Jureczko, Andrzej; Wac, Ewa (2007).
824:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
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302:1918 Liechtenstein general election
73:forced to resign and replaced by a
826:(in German). Nomos. p. 1182.
431:1862 Constitution of Liechtenstein
388:Prince Karl Aloys of Liechtenstein
164:November 1918 Liechtenstein putsch
145:Leopold Freiherr von Imhof cabinet
33:November 1918 Liechtenstein putsch
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192:or VP) against the government of
27:1918 coup d'état in Liechtenstein
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204:in his place until 7 December.
202:Provisional Executive Committee
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75:Provisional Executive Committee
189:Christlich-Soziale Volkspartei
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1156:Constitution of Liechtenstein
733:"Oberrheinische Nachrichten"
800:Political parties of Europe
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1242:Confederation of the Rhine
772:"Imhof, Leopold Baron von"
283:Oberrheinische Nachrichten
259:Leopold Freiherr von Imhof
250:Leopold Freiherr von Imhof
212:Following the outbreak of
198:Leopold Freiherr von Imhof
140:Leopold Freiherr von Imhof
71:Leopold Freiherr von Imhof
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1262:1928 embezzlement scandal
1095:Rupert, Quaderer (1995).
1036:Rupert, Quaderer (1995).
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1151:History of Liechtenstein
822:; Philip Stöver (2010).
802:, Greenwood Press, p609
798:Vincent E McHale (1983)
291:Landtag of Liechtenstein
606:"Notstandskommissionen"
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364:motion of no confidence
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104:or no organized group
1613:November 1918 events
1354:European microstates
1247:German Confederation
1222:Liechtenstein Castle
998:. pp. 106–107.
853:(31 December 2011).
770:(31 December 2011).
604:(31 December 2011).
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499:(31 December 2011).
394:Aftermath and legacy
166:, also known as the
994:] (in Polish).
176:Novemberputsch 1918
1459:Telecommunications
1267:1939 failed putsch
918:"Schädler, Albert"
639:The New York Times
542:"Erster Weltkrieg"
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833:978-3-8329-5609-7
642:. 21 March 1915.
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1505:Demographics
1500:Coat of arms
1464:Trade unions
1387:(parliament)
1383:
1371:Human rights
1344:Constitution
1227:Vaduz Castle
1132:18 September
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323:Wilhelm Beck
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129:Fritz Walser
119:Wilhelm Beck
100:
90:Belligerents
1272:1992 crisis
1257:1918 putsch
1128:(in German)
1080:15 February
966:15 February
930:12 November
926:(in German)
901:24 December
897:(in German)
867:12 November
863:(in German)
780:(in German)
745:22 November
741:(in German)
712:(in German)
682:12 November
678:(in German)
670:"Schmuggel"
618:12 November
614:(in German)
582:(in German)
550:(in German)
509:(in German)
442:based on a
214:World War I
180:coup d'état
168:Beck putsch
102:Independent
1587:Categories
1454:Healthcare
1403:Neutrality
1217:Werdenberg
1212:Background
1107:: 212–216.
1048:: 204–212.
996:Ossolineum
478:References
448:Josef Peer
208:Background
1515:Languages
1469:Transport
1349:Elections
1308:Mountains
1296:Geography
1014:cite book
784:3 October
653:6 October
648:0362-4331
513:3 October
406:Johann II
1572:Category
1532:Religion
1444:Currency
1398:Monarchy
1332:Politics
1196:articles
1145:See also
1071:Archived
957:Archived
422:—
237:and the
50:Location
1556:Outline
1483:Culture
1427:Economy
1384:Landtag
1204:History
77:led by
1537:Sports
1495:Anthem
1449:Energy
1318:Rivers
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384:Vienna
235:Russia
231:France
172:German
66:Result
1563:Index
1522:Music
1439:Banks
1074:(PDF)
1063:(PDF)
990:[
960:(PDF)
949:(PDF)
458:Notes
55:Vaduz
1510:Flag
1376:LGBT
1134:2023
1082:2024
1020:link
1000:ISBN
968:2024
932:2011
903:2023
869:2011
828:ISBN
804:ISBN
786:2023
747:2023
718:2023
684:2023
655:2023
644:ISSN
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308:Coup
296:The
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