Noye's Fludde - Knowledge (XXG)

646:; bugles, played in the original production by boys from a local school band, are played as the children representing animals march into the ark, and at the climax of the opera. The child percussionists, led by a professional timpanist, play various exotic and invented percussion instruments: the score itself specifies sandpaper ("two pieces of sandpaper attached to blocks of wood and rubbed together"), and "Slung Mugs", the latter used to represent the first drops of rain. Britten originally had the idea of striking teacups with a spoon, but having failed to make this work, he sought Imogen Holst's advice. She recalled that "by great good fortune I had once had to teach Women's Institute percussion groups during a wartime 'social half hour', so I was able to take him into my kitchen and show him how a row of china mugs hanging on a length of string could be hit with a large wooden spoon. 42: 1104:. In a long instrumental introduction, full rein is given to the various elements of the children's orchestra. Slung mugs struck with a wooden spoon give the sound of the first raindrops. Trills in the recorders represent the wind, strings impersonate waves, while piano chords outline the flood leitmotiv. The sound builds to a peak with thunder and lightning from the percussion. When "Eternal Father" is sung at the climax of the storm, the passacaglia theme provides the bass line for the hymn. After the hymn, the minor-key fury of the passacaglia gradually subsides, resolving into what Roseberry describes as "a dewy, pastoral F major" akin to that of the finale of 634:". The young amateurs playing the parts of Noye's children should be between 11 and 15 years old, with "well-trained voices and lively personalities"; Jaffet, the eldest, could have a broken voice. Mrs Noye's Gossips should be older girls with strong voices and considerable acting ability. The children playing the animals should vary in size, and range in age from seven to eighteen. The older age groups, with perhaps some broken voices, should represent the larger animals (lions, leopards, horses, camels etc.), while the younger play rats, mice and birds. There is a dance or ballet involving two child performers playing the roles of the raven and the dove. 630:. The opera is intended for a large hall or church, not a theatre. The action should take place on raised rostra, though not on a formal stage set apart from the audience, and the orchestra should be placed in full sight, with the conductor in a position to conduct both the orchestra and, when performing the hymns, the congregation. Noye and Mrs Noye are sung by "accomplished singer-actors", and the Voice of God, although not necessarily a professional actor, should have "a rich speaking voice, with a simple and sincere delivery, without being at all 'stagey 1149:

instrumentation. He did agree, however, to make the published full score "less bulky" by presenting the amateur forces of recorders, ripieno strings and percussion in the form of short score, on the understanding that full scores for those groups would be available to hire for rehearsal and performance purposes. The full score was published in 1958, and the vocal score, prepared by Imogen Holst with the libretto translated into German by Prince Ludwig of Hesse and the Rhine, under the pseudonym Ludwig Landgraf, was published in 1959.

316:(A-R), wrote to Britten, proposing a series of half-hour programmes. These would show Britten composing and rehearsing a work through to its performance, and would provide children with "an intimate piece of musical education, by ... watching a piece of music take shape and in some degree growing with it". Britten was initially cautious. He found the idea interesting, but he warned Ford that he was currently occupied with travel and had limited time for writing. He was also anxious not to cover the same ground as he had with 890: 544:" is heard from the ark. The congregation joins in the second and third verses of the hymn, during which the storm gradually subsides. When it is calm, Noye sends out a Raven, saying "If this foule come not againe/it is a signe soth to sayne/that dry it is on hill or playne." When the Raven fails to return, Noye knows that the bird has discovered dry land. He sends out a Dove, who eventually brings back an olive branch. Noah accepts this as a sign of deliverance, and thanks God. 569:, at that time the EOG's stage manager, that he wanted him to direct the new work. After a further meeting at Associated Rediffusion's London headquarters on 18 October, Britten began a composition draft in Aldeburgh on 27 October. To Pollard's edition of the Noah play's text, he added three congregational Anglican hymns: "Lord Jesus, think on me"; "Eternal Father, strong to save"; and "The spacious firmament on high". Britten introduced the repetitive Greek chant " 1120:. Graham Elliott believes that this may be a musical joke in which Britten pokes gentle fun at the habits of some church organists. The mingled chimes of slung mugs and bells continue during God's final valedictory blessing. As Noye leaves, the full orchestra provides a final fortissimo salute, the opera then concluding peacefully with B flat chimes of handbells alternating with extended G major string chords – "a hauntingly beautiful close", says Roseberry. 188: 5125: 815:, somewhat reluctantly as he felt that it did not compare favourably with Orford. Four performances featuring the same principals as the premiere were given, on 14 and 15 November 1958, with Britten conducting the first. All four performances sold out on the first day of booking, even, as Britten told a friend, "before any advertisement & with 2000 circulars yet to be sent!!" On 24 and 25 April 1959 the 540:

in pairs, while Noye's sons and their wives provide a commentary. Noye orders his family to board the ark; again Mrs Noye and the Gossips refuse, preferring to carouse. The sons finally drag Mrs Noye on board, while the Gossips are swept away by the encroaching flood; she rewards her husband with a slap. Rain begins to fall, building to a great storm at the height of which the first verse of the naval hymn "

324:. Britten told Ford that he had "for some months or a year vaguely been thinking of doing something with the miracle plays", and agreed to write an opera for A-R's 1958 summer term of school programmes. The subject would be Noah and the flood, based on the Chester text. Later, Ford and his script editor, Martin Worth, travelled to Aldeburgh, and with Britten looked at possible churches for the performance. 1072:

opera's opening bass line, sounded on the timpani. After Noye's response in recitative, the next musical episode is the entry of Noye's children and their wives, a passage which, Carpenter suggests, replaces the pessimism of the adult word with "the blissful optimism of childhood". The syncopated tune of the children's song is derived from the final line of Noye's recitative: "As God has bidden us doe".

691: 1506:, Britten has God's instructions for the dimensions of the ark spoken in unison by God and Noye, with Noye's voice breaking free as he completes the ark's description. Similarly, in the earlier work, God's instruction to Abraham is sung by the tenor and alto soloists combined, Abraham's voice – sung by the tenor – then emerging solo as he prepares to execute God's will. 525: 853:, planned for May 1959, the problem of the scarcity of handbells became acute. Britten suggested that in the absence of handbells a set of tubular bells in E flat in groups of twos and threes could be played by four or six children with two hammers each to enable them to strike the chords. Britten was not present in Ettal, but he learned from 1415:, "rejoiced in helping Woolverstone Hall devise outlandish percussion instruments to be played alongside the slung mugs and the wind machine". The critic Rollo H. Myers noted at the first performance that "Cups and saucers and dishes were also pressed into service to strengthen the percussion in places, but effects were never abused." 161:

and adolescent performers. A small professional ensemble underpins the mainly amateur orchestra which contains numerous unconventional instruments to provide particular musical effects; bugle fanfares for the animals, handbell chimes for the rainbow, and various improvisations to replicate musically the sounds of a storm.

707:, then 16 years old and described by Graham as "a very recently broken-voiced young tenor", who played the role of Jaffet. Mrs Noye's Gossips were originally to be performed by girls from a Suffolk school, but when the headmistress heard rumours about the "dissolute" parts they were to play, she withdrew her pupils. 638:

timpanist. The young musicians play a variety of instruments, including a full string ensemble with each section led by a member of the professional string quintet. The violins are further divided into parts of different levels of difficulty, from the simplest (mostly playing open strings) to those able to play in

662:, have noted the affinity between the sound of Britten's use of the handbells and the gamelan ensembles he had heard first-hand in Bali in 1956. The scarcity of handbells tuned at several of the pitches required by Britten in the opera was to become an issue when the score was being prepared for publication. 573:" ("Lord, have mercy") at the entry of the animals, and "Alleluias" at their triumphant exit. He had completed about two-thirds of the opera when Ford was dismissed from A-R, allegedly for administrative shortcomings and inexperience. A-R decided to withdraw from the project, which was then taken up by 1464:

Eric Roseberry, writing shortly after the premiere, noted closer to half that number: the "young persons' ripieno orchestra of strings, recorders and percussion ... numbered twenty violins, three violas, six 'cellos, two double basses, eight descant recorders, five treble recorders, a percussion

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Apart from Brannigan as Noye, two other professional singers were engaged: Gladys Parr, in her last role before retirement, sang the part of Mrs Noye, and the spoken Voice of God was provided by the Welsh bass Trevor Anthony. The other major roles were taken by child soloists, who were selected from

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chorus. A large children's chorus represents the pairs of animals who march into and out of the ark, and proceedings are directed by the spoken Voice of God. Of the solo sung roles, only the parts of Noye (Noah) and his wife were written to be sung by professionals; the remaining roles are for child

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for publication, since the rarity of handbells in the scale of E flat made the original score, in his view, impractical. Britten resisted such a proposal: "I think if you consider a performance of this work in a big church with about fifty or more children singing, you will agree that the orchestra

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s critic noted the effectiveness of Britten's setting of the mystery play: "It is Britten's triumph that in this musically slender piece he has brought to new life the mentality of another century by wholly modern means. These means included a miscellaneous orchestra such as he alone could conceive

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When the ark is completed, Noye tries to persuade his wife to enter: "Wyffe, in this vessel we shall be kepte", but she refuses, and they quarrel. The Voice of God foretells forty days and forty nights of rain, and instructs Noye to fill the ark with animals of every kind. The animals enter the ark

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When writing the music for the local amateur handbell ensemble to play, Britten had been unaware that the set of bells used were cast specially for Aldeburgh Parish Church in E flat, rather than the customary key of C, so ringers might learn the peals of the church tower bells which are pitched in

1455:; the cast subsequently recorded that opera with Britten conducting. In later life Crawford acknowledged the debt he owed to Britten: "Had it not been for him, I don't think I would have been an actor. He was very patient and encouraging. Throughout my career he always sent me good luck telegrams". 960:

as Noye and Doreen Curran as Mrs Noye. The same production was performed in China, in October 2012, at the Beijing Music Festival, this being the Chinese premiere of the work, and the first full performance of a Britten opera in China. It was performed again at the Shanghai Music In The Summer Air

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Following God's instruction, the people and animals leave the ark singing a thankful chorus of Alleluias with more bugle fanfares in B flat. The appearance of the rainbow is accompanied by handbell chimes, a sound which dominates the final stages of the work. In the final canonical hymn, the main

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notes that throughout the hymn the bass line is out of step with the singing, an effect which, he says, "suggests an adult world where purity is unattainable". Following the hymn, the Voice of God is accompanied, as it is in all his pre-flood warnings and declamations, by the E-B-F notes from the

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theme against Dykes's familiar hymn-tune in the storm" – introduces listeners and the youthful performers to what Roseberry terms "a contemporary idiom of dissonance", in contrast to the "outworn style" of most music written for the young. With its innovatory arrangement of vocal and instrumental

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magazine also found the music touched "by high inspiration"; the evening was "an unforgettable experience ... extraordinarily beautiful, vivid and charming, and often deeply moving". The design and production, Porter reported, were "brilliant", while Mackerras commanded his disparate forces

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Britten also added – relatively late in the process of scoring the work – an ensemble of handbell ringers. According to Imogen Holst, a member of the Aldeburgh Youth Club brought Britten's attention to a local group of bellringers; hearing them play, Britten was so enchanted by the sound that he

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The Chester Miracle plays were written in the 14th century by ordinary people for performance by the craftsmen and tradesmen and their families. Each Guild chose one play from the cycle and acted it on a cart called a "pageant" ... This essentially unsophisticated style of presentation would

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The Voice of God instructs everyone to leave the ark. As they do, the animals sing "Alleluias" and the people sing a chorus of praise: "Lord we thanke thee through thy mighte". God promises that he will never again destroy the earth with water, and produces a rainbow as his token. The cast begins

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derived from the first line of the opening hymn recurs as a solemn refrain. The music which accompanies the construction work heavily involves the children's orchestra, and includes recorder trills, pizzicato open strings, and the tapping of oriental temple-blocks. After the brief "quarrel" duet

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in May of that year. Since then it has been staged worldwide; the performance in Beijing in October 2012 organised by the KT Wong Foundation was the first in China of any Britten opera. The occasion of Britten's centenary in 2013 led to numerous productions at music festivals, both in the UK and

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After the score had been published, and in the face of an imminent performance in Ettal, Britten suggested that he could attempt to rewrite the music for a handbell ensemble in D, since sets in that key were more common than in E flat. Britten never prepared this alternative version for reduced

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noted: "The white walls of Orford Church furnished an ideal background to the gay colours of Ceri Richards's costumes and the fantastic head-dresses of the animals. In fact, the future of the work will lie in village churches such as this and with amateur musicians, for whom Britten has written

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percussion ensembles were "too weak" for the purpose. Britten later wrote to a friend: "I am rather relieved that I wasn't there! – no church, no bugles, no handbells, no recorders – but they seem to have done it with a great deal of care all the same. Still I rather hanker after doing it in

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The approach to the ancient story of Noah through an essentially medieval convention, realized in Elizabethan language of a fairly lowly order, was a splendid formula for arousing children's sense of the fitting ... Whereas the church parables were to couch their most overtly spiritual

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For the first time in any of his works involving amateurs, Britten envisaged a large complement of child performers among his orchestral forces, led by what Graham described as "the professional stiffening" of a piano duet, string quintet (two violins, viola, cello and bass), recorder and a

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would sound totally inadequate if it were only piano duet, a few strings and a drum or two." Britten suggested, rather, that Boosey & Hawkes should invest in a set of E flat handbells to hire for performances; or, that the handbells music could be simply cued in the piano duet part.

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as a hybrid work, "as much a cantata as an opera". Most of the orchestral writing, says the music analyst Eric Roseberry, lies "well within the range of intelligent young players of very restricted technique". Several episodes of the opera – such as "the grinding conflict of Britten's

281:(1948), the first of several works in which Britten combined skilled performers with amateurs. The cantata involves at least two children's choirs, and incorporates two congregational hymns sung by the audience. Britten also used this fusion of professional with amateur forces in 810:

had been largely created according to the resources available from the local Suffolk community. However, once Britten witnessed the public and critical reception following the premiere, he insisted on taking it to London. Looking for a suitable London church, Britten settled on

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Addison's hymn "The spacious firmament on high", with the congregation joining in the last two verses. All the cast depart except Noye, who receives God's blessing and promise of no more vengeance: "And nowe fare well, my darling deare" before his departure from the stage.

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In the UK, Christopher Ede, producer of the landmark performances of the Chester mystery plays during the Festival of Britain, directed Britten's opera in Winchester Cathedral, 12–14 July 1960. Writing to Ede on 19 December 1959, Britten urged him to keep the staging of

596:, who had sung in several previous Britten operas, asking if he would take the title role. Britten completed the full score of the opera in March 1958, which he dedicated "To my nephew and nieces, Sebastian, Sally and Roguey Welford, and my young friend Ronald Duncan ". 1028:

sentiments in terms of ... Gregorian plainchant, his children in Noye's Fludde most effortlessly recognize an act of praise as their own when couched in terms to which their conditioning has accustomed them – that is, ... universally familiar English hymnody.

291:, that he devised with Crozier. Again, child singers (also doubling as actors) were used, and the audience sings choruses at appropriate points. In 1952, although Britten's collaboration with Crozier had ended, he used the Chester plays book as the source text for his 536:("a shippe") that will provide salvation for him and his family. Noye agrees, and calls on the people and his family to help. His sons and their wives enter with tools and materials and begin work, while Mrs Noye and her Gossips (close friends) mock the project. 939:

was performed at Nuremberg zoo, in a production by the Internationales Kammermusikfestival Nürnberg involving around 180 children from Nuremberg and from England, directed by Nina Kühner, conducted by Peter Selwyn. A subsequent zoo production was presented in

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sung by Noye's children and their wives. In the final scene before the storm, where Noye and his family try to persuade Mrs Noye to join them in the ark in G major, the music expresses Mrs Noye's obstinacy by having her reply accompanied by a D sharp

251:, the Church had grown less tolerant of mystery plays. A performance in Chester in 1575 is the last recorded from the city until the 20th century, when the Chester cycle was revived under the supervision of Christopher Ede, as part of the city's 1066:

The opera begins with a short, "strenuous" instrumental prelude, which forms the basis of the musical accompaniment to the opening congregational hymn; its first phrase is founded on a descending bass E-B-F, itself to become an important motif.

731:, Holbrook. Graham, recalling the premiere some years later, wrote: "The large orchestra (originally 150 players) ... were massed around the font of Orford Church while the opera was played out on a stage erected at the end of the nave." 625:

With the wide variety of child performers required in the opera, and in light of how it was cast and performed at its premiere, Britten detailed some of its specific requirements for performance in the vocal and study scores published by

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is one of four that has survived into the 21st century. The texts, by an unidentified writer, were revised during the late 15th century into a format similar to that of contemporary French passion plays, and were published in 1890, in

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was acclaimed by critics and public alike, both for the inspiration of the music and the brilliance of the design and production. The opera received its American premiere in New York in March 1959, and its first German performance at

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that they should create a children's opera, based on a bible story. Crozier gave Britten a copy of Pollard's book, as a possible source of material. Nothing came of this project immediately; instead, Britten and Crozier wrote the

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The story of Noah and the flood, the third play in the Chester cycle, was originally performed by the city's Guild of the Drawers of Dee, otherwise known as the water-carriers. A feature of this play, observed by the historian

1084:, timpani-led percussion heralds the Voice of God's order to fill the ark. Bugle fanfares announce the arrival of the animals, who march into the ark to a "jauntily innocent" tune in which Roseberry detects the spirit of 683:, on 18 June. The conductor was Charles Mackerras, who had participated in several productions at past Aldeburgh festivals. The production was directed by Colin Graham, who also designed its set, with costume designs by 718:

at the organ. The children players, billed as "An East Suffolk Children's Orchestra", included handbell ringers from the County Modern School, Leiston; a percussion group, whose instruments included the slung mugs, from

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is summarised by Whittall as "a brilliant demonstration of how to combine the relatively elementary instrumental and vocal skills of amateurs with professionals to produce a highly effective piece of music theatre."

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announced: "Benjamin Britten is writing a new opera for children – specially for ITV Schools Television Service. I rate this a great musical capture on the part of Boris Ford, head of Associated-Rediffusion Schools

1108:. Noye's reappearance is followed by the brief waltzes for the Raven, accompanied by solo cello, and the Dove, the latter a flutter-tongued recorder solo the melody of which is reversed when the Dove returns. 1533:

both suggests "the serpentine creeping onward of the waters", and also creates a context, within the opera's otherwise straight-forward tonality, in which Dykes's chromatic hymn "will not appear ludicrously

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Peter Evans further notes how Britten, by substituting the expected tonic Es with F naturals, "buffeted by the explosive splash of the tam-tam, plunge us into the flood where we expect firm ground".

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tune moves from F major to G major and is sung over reiterated bugle calls, joined by the handbells. In the third verse, the organ provides a brief discordant intervention, "the one jarring note in

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After the opening congregational hymn "Lord Jesus, think on me", the spoken Voice of God addresses Noye, announcing the forthcoming destruction of the sinful world. God tells Noye to build an

244:, is the depiction of Noah's wife, and by implication women generally, as disobedient, obdurate and finally abusive, in contrast to the "grave and obedient" Noah and his patient sons. 592:

on 14 December, "the final bars of the opera punctuated by hammer-blows" from workmen busy at the Red House. Before he finished the composition draft, Britten wrote to the baritone

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Mrs Noye and her Gossips enter to an F sharp minor distortion of the children's tune, which reflects their mocking attitude. In Noye's song calling for the ark to be built, a flood

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celebrations in June 1951. This production was received enthusiastically, and was repeated the following year; thereafter it became a regular feature and tourist attraction.

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recalled the school's Officer Training Corps band practising in front of the cricket pavilion, where there was a "grand echo", while he and Britten were nearby in the nets.

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Several of the opera's novel features, including the use of a large amateur orchestra, and specifically its use of handbells, posed problems for Britten's publishers,

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which prepares for the Gossips' drinking scherzo in E minor. The slap which Mrs Noye administers when finally persuaded is accompanied by an E major fortissimo.

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By the mid-1950s Britten had established himself as a major composer, both of operas and of works for mixed professional and amateur forces – his mini-opera

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magazine, found the music "simple and memorably tuneful throughout ... the writing for strings, recorders and percussion is a miracle of inspiration".

4634: 41: 4163: 5987: 2809: 823:, gave what was billed as "the first amateur London performance" of the work, at All Saint's Church, Finchley; the cast included the operatic bass 4896: 4181: 857:, of Boosey & Hawkes, that the Ettal production had substituted glockenspiel and metallophone for the handbells; according to Roth the bells in 5159: 4123: 2757: 1744: 741:, observed that "Charles Mackerras conducted the widespread forces, actually moving round a pillar to be able to control all sections in turn." 5927: 4845: 831: 267:

had established himself as a leading composer of English opera, with several major works to his credit. In 1947 he suggested to his librettist

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production as a finale to the centenary year was staged in November, on the eve of Britten's 100th birthday anniversary, in his home town of

320:. However, he agreed to meet Ford to discuss the project further. On 11 July they met in London, together with Britten's musical assistant 5012: 4652: 4515: 3881: 1009:

on 24 November. Outside the UK, several professional companies mounted centenary year productions involving local children, including the

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in town squares and market places by members of the town's craft guilds. They covered the full range of the narrative and metaphor in the

4268: 1338:, otherwise known as Roger of Chester, a much-respected historian of the city, although there is little direct evidence to support this. 134:(1949) was written for young audiences, and used child performers. He had previously adapted text from the Chester play cycle in his 1952 5992: 5713: 5407: 5094: 4871: 4692: 839: 886:

under the composer's supervision, with Brannigan resuming the role of Noah, Sheila Rex as his wife, and Lumsden as the Voice of God.

4965: 4646: 3035: 816: 680: 328:, was chosen as, unlike most other churches in East Suffolk, its pews were not fixed, thus offering a more flexible performing space. 325: 85: 5641: 5600: 4111: 4093: 4067: 4043: 4034: 4014: 3992: 3915: 3893: 3806: 3783: 3739: 3717: 3695: 3676: 3597: 3578: 4621: 2866: 5982: 5375: 5293: 2839: 2693: 1655: 1519:, among others, have noted that the passacaglia theme features all 12 notes. Peter Evans has cautioned against seeing this as a 4837: 4571: 2783: 1424:

To aid rehearsals, Britten prepared a "demo" record of the opera with himself at the piano, and the various roles sung by him,

1088:; the fanfares punctuate the entire march. The birds are the last group to enter the ark, to the accompaniment of a three-part 5367: 4939: 4889: 4883: 4640: 4614: 4156: 3771: 651: 541: 650:

gave the ensemble a major part to play as the rainbow unfolds towards the end of the opera. Several commentators, including

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clearly be out of place in the artificial world of the theatre; a much closer relationship with the audience is needed, and

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was composed as a project for television; to the Chester text Britten added three congregational hymns, the Greek prayer

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Ede had been in touch with Britten the preceding year, not only about this production but also discussing Britten's

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The storm scene which forms the centre of the opera is an extended passacaglia, the theme of which uses the entire

109:, intended primarily for amateur performers, particularly children. First performed on 18 June 1958 at that year's 3519: 5806: 5479: 5439: 5351: 5128: 5058: 4668: 4598: 4451: 4354: 4311: 4149: 3838: 1223: 978: 2556: 795:

After the premiere, there were two further performances by the same forces in Orford Church, on 19 and 21 June.

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In the United States, after a radio broadcast in New York City on 31 July 1958, the School of Sacred Music of

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became the first of Britten's operas to be shown on television, when it was broadcast by ATV on 22 June 1958.

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in this musical version is intended for the same style of presentation – although not necessarily on a cart.

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staged the US premiere on 16 March 1959. The following year saw the opera's Canadian premiere, conducted by

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A History of the County of Chester: Volume 5 part 2: The City of Chester: Culture, Buildings, Institutions

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personally took responsibility for signing the contract and urged that Britten should complete the opera.

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Britten began detailed planning for the opera in August 1957, while sailing to Canada for a tour with the

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called the performance "a curiously moving spiritual and musical experience". Eric Roseberry, writing in

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The professional element in the orchestra was provided by the English Opera Group players, led by

125:. Britten specified that the opera should be staged in churches or large halls, not in a theatre. 5811: 5634: 5455: 5383: 5300: 5265: 5007: 5002: 4983: 4775: 4539: 4236: 3952: 3944: 3903: 3664: 3085: 2645: 2591: 2522: 2183: 1374: 1283: 1140:, London), and then wrote to Britten urging him to prepare an alternative, simplified version of 1068: 986: 913: 659: 655: 204: 110: 89: 4700: 2965: 1575: 1129: 627: 588:, but continued to work on the opera throughout the upheaval. According to a letter he wrote to 4102:

Holst, Imogen, "Children's Voices at the Aldeburgh Festival", from Blythe, Ronald (ed) (1972).

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as a forerunner of Britten's church parables of the 1960s, and by the composer's biographer

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made enquiries about the availability of handbells to the firm Mears & Stainbank (the

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Britten's centenary year 2013 prompted numerous performances across the UK, including at

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Benjamin Britten's Noye's Fludde: An analysis and re-positioning for contemporary use

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Letters from a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britten, Volume III, 1946–1951

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Letters from a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britten, Volume VI, 1966–1976

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Letters from a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britten, Volume IV, 1952–1957

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Letters from a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britten, Volume V, 1958–1965

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Britten, Benjamin (2008). Reed, Philip; Cooke, Mervyn; Mitchell, Donald (eds.).

3588:

Britten, Benjamin (2004). Mitchell, Donald; Reed, Philip; Cooke, Mervyn (eds.).

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masterfully. Several critics remarked favourably on the sound of the handbells.

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From Richard Jones, a member of the original children's chorus. Written in 2013

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simple rather than elaborate. In 1971 the Aldeburgh Festival once again staged

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14th/15th-century performance of the Chester mystery plays, on a pageant cart

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VC7 91129-2. Also contains Britten's Serenade for tenor, horn, and strings

1076: 990: 862: 858: 784: 690: 578: 392: 3863:

Modern Mysteries: Contemporary Productions of Medieval English Cycle Dramas

2590:. New Series (55/56). Cambridge University Press: 27. Autumn–Winter 1960. 4244: 1362: 945: 878:

at Orford; a full television broadcast of the production, transferred to

4135: 2491: 1334:

The original authorship of the Chester cycle is sometimes attributed to

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Members of the BBC Concert Orchestra, Finchley Children's Music Group.

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which he had commissioned for the Pageant of Magna Carta. Ede's wife,

5846: 2564: 3453:(Click "View Sample" for first page of score with copyright details) 3418:(Click "View Sample" for first page of score with copyright details) 1745:"Chester Mystery Plays: Spectacle and History, Miracles and Mystery" 1317:

is taken from the opera's Chester Mystery Play source, as edited by

4141: 4106:, pp. 244–245. London: Snape Maltings Foundation/Faber Music. 2174:

Myers, Rollo H (August 1958). "Aldeburgh Festival: Noye's Fludde".

1255:

CD: EMI Composer Boxes 2175262 (The Collector's Edition, 37 discs)

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Darmstadt as we want it – even importing handbells for instance."

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Detail from a statue of Noah and the dove in Orford Church, where

689: 523: 429: 302: 200: 186: 170: 150: 29: 642:. The recorders should be led by an accomplished soloist able to 5214: 5209: 4126:

as presented by the Waterleaders and Drawers of Dee. (Play text)

3730:(1989). "Staging first productions 3". In Herbert, David (ed.). 5141: 4145: 3549:

Television Opera: The Fall of Opera Commissioned for Television

3645:

Britten, Benjamin (2012). Reed, Philip; Cooke, Mervyn (eds.).

3626:

Britten, Benjamin (2010). Reed, Philip; Cooke, Mervyn (eds.).

703:

extensive auditions. Among these was the future actor-singer,

1428:, Imogen Holst, the composer's two sisters and Colin Graham. 838:, staged during the 1960 Vancouver International Festival in 4062:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 3935:. New Series (49). Cambridge University Press: 2–11, 18–19. 948:

and the KT Wong Foundation. The performance was directed by

2301:"Michael Crawford on working with Benjamin Britten in 1959" 4038:. Vol. 3. London: Macmillan Publishers. p. 631. 2790:. Vol. 4. Schott & Company. 1972. pp. 180–81 3010:"Not Business as Usual: The Santa Fe Opera's 2013 Season" 2521:(1394). Musical Times Publications Ltd: 218. April 1959. 1017:

which mounted its first production of any Britten opera.

845:

During preparations for the first German performance of

2644:(1408). Musical Times Publications Ltd: 384. June 1960. 755:

The general critical reception was warmly enthusiastic.

219:. From the many play cycles that originated in the late 3441:"Benjamin Britten: Noye's Fludde, op. 59 – vocal score" 2047: 2045: 1246:, Salisbury and Chester Schools' Chorus and Orchestra. 935:

Among less conventional productions, in September 2005

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something both wholly new and outstandingly original."

3406:"Benjamin Britten: Noye's Fludde, op. 59 – full score" 3241:

Britten, Benjamin, §6: Transition and triumph, 1955–62

1438:

programme of the production as it was being rehearsed.

1281:

CD: Somm Recordings SOMM 212. Also contains Britten's

964:

A performance is a major plot point in the 2012 movie

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where 120 local children appeared as the animals. An

513:

Children's chorus of animals and birds; congregation

2867:"Britten's Noye's Fludde at Belfast Zoo this August" 2354:

Martin Cooper, "Flood Story to Music by Britten" in

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In 2892:"British children's opera with Chinese elements" 2561:Joy (Un)sorted: The Life and Work of Joy Coghill 2077:"Original Noye's Fludde Programme for Southwark" 819:, which was formed in 1958 specially to perform 2202: 2200: 2140: 2138: 2136: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1025: 620:, for a Southwark performance in November 1958. 604: 3212: 3210: 3197: 3195: 3182: 3180: 2784:"Jonathan Miller & the Young Music Makers" 2723:"Music on 2 (TV Series): Noye's Fludde (1971)" 2182:(1386). Musical Times Publications Ltd.: 443. 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1465:section of eight and a team of six handbells". 908:directed his first opera with a production of 5153: 4157: 3925:Roseberry, Eric (Autumn 1958). "The Music of 3734:. Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire: Herbert Press. 3338: 3336: 3143: 3141: 3012:. Santa Fe Opera. 25 May 2012. Archived from 2664: 2662: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1888: 1886: 1377:. "The spacious firmament on high": words by 1369:. "Eternal Father, strong to save": words by 1201:East Suffolk Children's Chorus and Orchestra 528:13th-century mosaic depicting Noah in the ark 8: 4467:Diversions for Piano Left Hand and Orchestra 3463: 3461: 3459: 2759:In Two Minds: a Biography of Jonathan Miller 2474: 2472: 1719: 1659:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 1210:CD: Decca 4363972. Also contains Britten's 105:is a one-act opera by the British composer 4635:Canticle I: My beloved is mine and I am his 3968:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell and Brewer. 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 5282: 5179: 5160: 5146: 5138: 4164: 4150: 4142: 3488: 3486: 2966:"Britten Centenary Weekend: Noye's Fludde" 2419: 2417: 1977:Hymns Ancient and Modern: Revised Edition 1731: 1715: 1713: 40: 20: 4428:The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra 4009:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3688:Benjamin Britten: The Spiritual Dimension 3379:Letter dated 28 February 1959, quoted in 3291: 3279: 3216: 3201: 3186: 3147: 3118: 3086:"Britten, Benjamin: Noye's Fludde (1957)" 2451: 2408: 2371: 2226: 2206: 2144: 2106: 1912:Britten, Benjamin; Holst, Imogen (1958). 1788: 1628:. Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias 16:1958 children's opera by Benjamin Britten 4897:Prelude and Fugue on a Theme of Vittoria 3267: 3228: 3133: 3072: 3036:"Britten's Noah's Flood (Noye's Fludde)" 2842:. Northern Ireland Opera. Archived from 2386:"Noye's Fludde (world premiere 18 June)" 2169: 2167: 2165: 2079:. The English Opera Group. November 1958 1914:Noye's Fludde: The Chester Miracle Play 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1156: 916:, London. The adult roles were taken by 335: 3427: 3392: 3380: 3367: 3354: 3342: 3327: 3171: 2743: 2680: 2668: 2623: 2611: 2542: 2494:. Finchley Children's Music Group. 2013 2478: 2463: 2427: 2359: 2342: 2286: 2262: 2250: 2238: 2218: 2063: 2051: 2036: 2024: 2012: 1934: 1892: 1877: 1865: 1852: 1840: 1800: 1769: 1747:. Chester Mystery Plays. Archived from 1656:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1555: 1451:, sharing the title role of Sammy with 1302: 1044:has been described by the musicologist 247:By the latter part of the 16th-century 4846:Sacred and Profane (8 medieval lyrics) 3778:. The Master Musicians. London: Dent. 3129: 3127: 3106: 2321: 2274: 2222: 2156: 2127: 1963: 1946: 1864:Letter dated 15 April 1957, quoted in 1824: 1615: 1613: 912:, staged during 21–23 December at the 4396:Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge 3985:Benjamin Britten: His Life and Operas 3366:Letter dated 16 July 1958, quoted in 3315: 3303: 3255: 3159: 3060: 2439: 2299:de Rosée, Sophie (14 November 2013). 2000: 1828: 1812: 1704: 1692: 1604: 1592: 1309:"Noye" is pronounced as "No-ah". The 7: 5013:Britten Pears Young Artist Programme 4653:Canticle IV: The Journey of the Magi 4516:Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings 1411:Graham recalled that the timpanist, 1361:"Lord Jesus, think on me": words by 882:, was made by the BBC, conducted by 5928:Noah's Ark replicas and derivatives 5714:Doctor Dolittle and the Secret Lake 5408:Genesis: The Creation and the Flood 5095:Cantus in Memoriam Benjamin Britten 4693:Songs and Proverbs of William Blake 3712:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3690:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3038:. New Orleans Opera. Archived from 2968:. Aldeburgh Music. 21 November 2013 2914:"Noye's Fludde at Tewkesbury Abbey" 2865:Smith, Charlotte (15 August 2012). 2762:. Oberon Books. pp. 212, 381. 1958:John Gough "ITV Goes to School" in 1572:Noye's Fludde, op. 50 – study score 115:Chester "mystery" or "miracle" play 4966:Variations on an Elizabethan Theme 4647:Canticle III: Still falls the rain 4124:The Thirde Pageante of Noyes Fludd 3752:English Mystery Plays: A Selection 2942:. Thaxted Festival. Archived from 2940:"A Review of the Thaxted Festival" 928:(Mrs Noah), and the conductor was 584:In November 1957 Britten moved to 312:, Head of Schools Broadcasting at 113:, it is based on the 15th-century 14: 5642:Captain Noah and His Floating Zoo 5601:The Return of the Dove to the Ark 4035:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera 3649:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. 3630:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. 3611:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. 1432:made a documentary for the BBC's 1365:(tr. A. W. Chatfield), tune from 1138:bell foundry based in Whitechapel 666:Performance history and reception 338:Roles, voice types, premiere cast 5294:Captain Noah and His Magical Ark 5124: 5123: 4084:Headington, Christopher (1993). 4007:The Music of Britten and Tippett 2333:Philip Hope-Wallace, "Britten's 1982:. London: William Clowes. 1950. 1394:An old friend of Britten's from 1116:" according to the musicologist 1001:as Mrs Noye. It was directed by 484:Penelope Allen, Doreen Metcalfe, 4138:2014 dissertation (open access) 817:Finchley Children's Music Group 681:St Bartholomew's Church, Orford 326:St Bartholomew's Church, Orford 86:St Bartholomew's Church, Orford 5368:The Bible: In the Beginning... 4641:Canticle II: Abraham and Isaac 4622:Britten's Purcell realizations 4615:The Holy Sonnets of John Donne 3732:The Operas of Benjamin Britten 2894:. Shanghai Daily. 19 July 2013 2384:Porter, Andrew (August 1958). 1919:. London: Boosey & Hawkes. 1199:English Opera Group Orchestra, 961:(MISA) Festival in July 2013. 542:Eternal Father, Strong to Save 486:Dawn Mendham, Beverley Newman 154:as a children's chant, and an 142:the story of Abraham and Isaac 1: 5988:Noah's Ark in popular culture 4607:Seven Sonnets of Michelangelo 3910:. London: Faber & Faber. 3710:The Music of Benjamin Britten 3669:Benjamin Britten: A Biography 3551:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. 3469:"Recordings of Noye's Fludde" 2563:. Joy Coghill. Archived from 1962:, 25 October 1957, quoted in 1106:Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony 1080:between Noye and his wife in 1035:The Music of Benjamin Britten 727:; and bugle players from the 5585:Scenes from the Life of Noah 4927:Nocturnal after John Dowland 4905:Six Metamorphoses after Ovid 3801:. New York: Penguin Putnam. 3767:(ebook version, unpaginated) 2988:"Britten 100: Noye's Fludde" 1680:UK public library membership 5863:Black Sea deluge hypothesis 5842:Noah in rabbinic literature 5023:Snape Maltings Concert Hall 4088:. London: Faber and Faber. 3987:. London: Faber and Faber. 3983:White, Eric Walter (1983). 3866:. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. 3845:. London: Haus Publishing. 3799:The New Penguin Opera Guide 3671:. London: Faber and Faber. 3592:. London: Faber and Faber. 3573:. London: Faber and Faber. 2788:Recorder and Music Magazine 1005:and broadcast in the UK on 352:Premiere cast, 18 June 1958 6014: 5993:Operas by Benjamin Britten 5376:O Trapalhão na Arca de Noé 4913:Fanfare for St Edmundsbury 4024:Whittall, Arnold (1998). " 3860:Normington, Katie (2007). 3749:Happe, Peter, ed. (1985). 2513:"The Amateurs' Exchange". 2358:, 19 June 1958, quoted in 2341:, 19 June 1958, quoted in 1979:(Numbers 200, 487 and 170) 1720:Thacker & Lewis (2003) 1570:Britten, Benjamin (1958). 1502:In a moment which recalls 1477:Fanfare for St Edmundsbury 1381:, tune "Tallis' Canon" by 1325:(Clarendon Press, Oxford). 832:Union Theological Seminary 197:mystery or "miracle" plays 5807:Ancient Greek flood myths 5121: 4872:String Quartet in D major 4685:Sechs Hölderlin-Fragmente 4599:Beware! Three Early Songs 4355:The Prince of the Pagodas 4312:The Burning Fiery Furnace 4269:A Midsummer Night's Dream 4179: 4059:The English Mystery Plays 3941:10.1017/S0040298200044788 3823:. London: Penguin Books. 3755:. London: Penguin Books. 2636:"Church and Organ News". 2586:": A Canadian Première". 1650:"Pollard, Alfred William" 1224:Donald Maxwell (baritone) 979:Cheltenham Music Festival 675:The first performance of 512: 39: 28: 5822:Mesoamerican flood myths 5770:Not the End of the World 5738:Not Wanted on the Voyage 5488:The Ark and the Aardvark 5049:Benjamin Britten Academy 5044:Benjamin Britten (train) 5028:The Red House, Aldeburgh 4086:Peter Pears: A Biography 3686:Elliott, Graham (2006). 3522:. MusicWeb International 723:; recorder players from 721:Woolverstone Hall School 600:Performance requirements 586:The Red House, Aldeburgh 297:, based on the story of 5983:English-language operas 5940:Noah's Ark silver coins 5879:In Search of Noah's Ark 5873:Searches for Noah's Ark 5230:Wives aboard Noah's Ark 5190:Genesis flood narrative 5018:Britten-Pears Orchestra 4709:Who Are These Children? 4484:Vocal/Choral Orchestral 3245:(subscription required) 2711:(subscription required) 2655:(subscription required) 2601:(subscription required) 2557:"Chronology: 1960–1969" 2532:(subscription required) 2395:(subscription required) 2339:The Manchester Guardian 2193:(subscription required) 1174:Choruses and Orchestra 944:, Northern Ireland, by 840:Christ Church Cathedral 738:The Manchester Guardian 5472:Ooops! Noah Is Gone... 5432:Raining Cats and Frogs 4916:(three trumpets, 1959) 4677:Songs from the Chinese 2756:Bassett, Kate (2012). 2303:. The Telegraph online 1665:10.1093/ref:odnb/35557 1523:(as is the theme from 1172:Conductor, Ensemble(s) 1030: 997:appeared as Noye, and 901: 699: 613: 577:(ATV), whose chairman 529: 314:Associated Rediffusion 192: 75:18 June 1958 5722:The Moon in the Cloud 5534:Il diluvio universale 4564:Cantata misericordium 4500:The Company of Heaven 4253:The Turn of the Screw 3908:The Britten Companion 3443:. Boosey & Hawkes 3408:. Boosey & Hawkes 3088:. Boosey & Hawkes 1626:Catholic Encyclopedia 1526:The Turn of the Screw 892: 729:Royal Hospital School 693: 575:Associated Television 527: 190: 183:Chester mystery plays 5817:Great Flood of China 5802:Gilgamesh flood myth 5400:Stowaways on the Ark 4958:Homage to Paderewski 4940:String Quartet No. 3 4890:String Quartet No. 2 4884:String Quartet No. 1 4880:(oboe quartet, 1932) 4865:Chamber/Instrumental 4822:A Hymn of St Columba 4768:A Ceremony of Carols 4661:A Charm of Lullabies 4632:(1947–75, including 4213:The Rape of Lucretia 4182:List of compositions 1855:, pp. 562, 564. 1582: 9790060014796. 1515:Arnold Whittall and 1293:Notes and references 1269:Catherine Wyn-Rogers 1265:David Wilson-Johnson 65:Chester Mystery Play 46:The composer in 1968 5902:Mosque of Ibn Tulun 5885:Mountains of Ararat 5689:Super 3D Noah's Ark 5507:The Flowering Peach 5251:Generations of Noah 5101:English Opera Group 5037:Named after Britten 4792:Rejoice in the Lamb 4492:Our Hunting Fathers 4412:Sinfonia da Requiem 4104:Aldeburgh Anthology 3904:Palmer, Christopher 3888:. London: Phaidon. 3665:Carpenter, Humphrey 3258:, pp. 278–279. 3063:, pp. 272–273. 3042:on 28 December 2013 2567:on 14 February 2015 2356:The Daily Telegraph 2039:, pp. 579–580. 2015:, pp. 565–567. 2003:, pp. 217–219. 1880:, pp. 564–565. 1827:, p. 136; and 1815:, pp. 168–173. 1707:, pp. 140–141. 1647:Greg, W.W. (2004). 1576:Boosey & Hawkes 1373:, tune "Melita" by 1130:Boosey & Hawkes 813:Southwark Cathedral 748:The Daily Telegraph 733:Philip Hope-Wallace 725:Framlingham College 698:was first performed 628:Boosey & Hawkes 563:English Opera Group 478:Mrs Noye's Gossips 340: 318:Let's Make an Opera 289:Let's Make an Opera 253:Festival of Britain 117:which recounts the 5963:16th-century plays 5812:Finnish flood myth 5649:The Prophet's Song 5456:40 Days and Nights 5384:La Biblia en pasta 5266:Seven Laws of Noah 5088:Britten's Children 5008:Britten Pears Arts 5003:Aldeburgh Festival 4936:(1964, 1967, 1972) 4838:Children's Crusade 4776:Hymn to St Cecilia 4572:Children's Crusade 4420:Matinées musicales 4189:Opera and operetta 3571:Britten's Children 3500:. Presto Classical 2229:, pp. 383–384 2225:, p. 76; and 1722:, pp. 275–276 1375:John Bacchus Dykes 1363:Synesius of Cyrene 1284:Ceremony of Carols 1069:Humphrey Carpenter 987:Aldeburgh Festival 914:Roundhouse Theatre 902: 803:Later performances 700: 660:Humphrey Carpenter 656:Christopher Palmer 616:Programme note by 530: 336: 263:By the late 1940s 193: 111:Aldeburgh Festival 90:Aldeburgh Festival 5948: 5947: 5780: 5779: 5663:Forever Not Yours 5360:Father Noah's Ark 5274: 5273: 5135: 5134: 4830:The Golden Vanity 4800:Five Flower Songs 4760:Advance Democracy 4736:Friday Afternoons 4717:A Birthday Hansel 4548:Cantata academica 4508:Les Illuminations 4454:(1939, rev. 1958) 4448:(1938, rev. 1945) 4388:Soirées musicales 3975:978-1-904356-03-5 3873:978-1-84384-128-9 3852:978-1-908323-38-5 3830:978-1-84614-233-8 3762:978-0-14-192193-8 3656:978-1-84383-725-1 3637:978-1-84383-591-2 3618:978-1-84383-382-6 3558:978-0-85115-912-6 2769:978-1-84943-738-7 2700:: 311. April 1971 2694:"Festivals, 1971" 2638:The Musical Times 2555:McNicoll, Susan. 2515:The Musical Times 2277:, pp. 44–46. 2241:, pp. 55–58. 2176:The Musical Times 1803:, pp. 66–67. 1732:Normington (2007) 1678:(Subscription or 1319:Alfred W. Pollard 1290: 1289: 1244:Endymion Ensemble 1213:The Golden Vanity 1015:New Orleans Opera 954:Nicholas Chalmers 952:and conducted by 517: 516: 363:The Voice of God 356:Charles Mackerras 230:Alfred W. Pollard 98: 97: 6005: 5609:After the Deluge 5283: 5180: 5162: 5155: 5148: 5139: 5127: 5126: 5073:Related articles 5064:Britten Sinfonia 4977:Film adaptations 4878:Phantasy Quartet 4808:Hymn to St Peter 4784:Festival Te Deum 4470:(1940 rev. 1954) 4320:The Prodigal Son 4229:The Little Sweep 4173:Benjamin Britten 4166: 4159: 4152: 4143: 4099: 4073: 4049: 4020: 4003:Whittall, Arnold 3998: 3979: 3960: 3921: 3899: 3886:Benjamin Britten 3877: 3856: 3834: 3812: 3789: 3772:Kennedy, Michael 3766: 3745: 3723: 3701: 3682: 3660: 3641: 3622: 3603: 3584: 3562: 3545:Barnes, Jennifer 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3490: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3465: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3377: 3371: 3370:, pp. 55–56 3364: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3292:Roseberry (1958) 3289: 3283: 3280:Roseberry (1958) 3277: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3217:Roseberry (1958) 3214: 3205: 3202:Roseberry (1958) 3199: 3190: 3187:Roseberry (1958) 3184: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3148:Roseberry (1958) 3145: 3136: 3131: 3122: 3119:Roseberry (1958) 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3016:on 8 August 2014 3006: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2920:on 8 August 2014 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2846:on 8 August 2014 2836: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2816:. Archived from 2806: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2657: 2656: 2653: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2552: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2530: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2452:Carpenter (1992) 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2421: 2412: 2409:Roseberry (1958) 2406: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2381: 2375: 2372:Carpenter (1992) 2369: 2363: 2352: 2346: 2331: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2227:Carpenter (1992) 2216: 2210: 2207:Carpenter (1992) 2204: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2171: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2145:Carpenter (1992) 2142: 2131: 2125: 2110: 2107:Roseberry (1958) 2104: 2089: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2049: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2022: 2016: 2010: 2004: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1973: 1967: 1956: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1932: 1921: 1920: 1909: 1896: 1890: 1881: 1875: 1869: 1862: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1822: 1816: 1810: 1804: 1798: 1792: 1789:Carpenter (1992) 1786: 1773: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1717: 1708: 1702: 1696: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1652: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1617: 1608: 1602: 1596: 1590: 1584: 1583: 1567: 1545: 1541: 1535: 1513: 1507: 1500: 1494: 1491: 1485: 1472: 1466: 1462: 1456: 1449:The Little Sweep 1445: 1439: 1430:John Schlesinger 1422: 1416: 1409: 1403: 1396:Gresham's School 1392: 1386: 1359: 1353: 1345: 1339: 1332: 1326: 1311:Medieval English 1307: 1267: 1157: 1037: 983:Thaxted Festival 975:Tewkesbury Abbey 967:Moonrise Kingdom 958:Paul Carey Jones 918:Michael Williams 900:, 11 August 2013 790: 762:The Sunday Times 757:Felix Aprahamian 705:Michael Crawford 633: 621: 462:Katherine Dyson 436:Michael Crawford 341: 339: 284:The Little Sweep 265:Benjamin Britten 211:Bible, from the 199:were dramatised 164:At its premiere 140:, which retells 131:The Little Sweep 107:Benjamin Britten 82: 80: 44: 34:Benjamin Britten 21: 6013: 6012: 6008: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6003: 6002: 5973:Christian plays 5953: 5952: 5949: 5944: 5916: 5851: 5776: 5701: 5668: 5615: 5572: 5521: 5494: 5339: 5270: 5234: 5198: 5194:Book of Genesis 5171: 5166: 5136: 5131: 5117: 5068: 5032: 4991: 4972: 4945: 4860: 4723: 4701:The Poet's Echo 4586: 4532:Spring Symphony 4479: 4452:Violin Concerto 4434: 4380:Simple Symphony 4361: 4326: 4296:Church parables 4291: 4285:Death in Venice 4184: 4175: 4170: 4120: 4096: 4083: 4080: 4078:Further reading 4070: 4054:Woolf, Rosemary 4052: 4046: 4023: 4017: 4001: 3995: 3982: 3976: 3963: 3924: 3918: 3902: 3896: 3882:Oliver, Michael 3880: 3874: 3859: 3853: 3839:Matthews, David 3837: 3831: 3815: 3809: 3792: 3786: 3770: 3763: 3748: 3742: 3726: 3720: 3704: 3698: 3685: 3679: 3663: 3657: 3644: 3638: 3625: 3619: 3606: 3600: 3587: 3581: 3565: 3559: 3543: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3503: 3501: 3492: 3491: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3467: 3466: 3457: 3446: 3444: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3411: 3409: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3391: 3387: 3378: 3374: 3365: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3341: 3334: 3326: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3302: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3274: 3268:Matthews (2013) 3266: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3244: 3239: 3235: 3229:Whittall (1982) 3227: 3223: 3215: 3208: 3200: 3193: 3185: 3178: 3170: 3166: 3158: 3154: 3146: 3139: 3134:Whittall (1998) 3132: 3125: 3121:, pp. 2–3. 3117: 3113: 3105: 3101: 3091: 3089: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3073:Whittall (1982) 3071: 3067: 3059: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3008: 3007: 3003: 2993: 2991: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2971: 2969: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2949: 2947: 2946:on 27 July 2014 2938: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2875: 2873: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2849: 2847: 2840:"Noye's Fludde" 2838: 2837: 2833: 2823: 2821: 2820:on 20 July 2014 2808: 2807: 2803: 2793: 2791: 2782: 2781: 2777: 2770: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2742: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2710: 2703: 2701: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2679: 2675: 2667: 2660: 2654: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2622: 2618: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2585: 2584: 2580: 2570: 2568: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2541: 2537: 2531: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2497: 2495: 2492:"FCMG: History" 2490: 2489: 2485: 2477: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2450: 2446: 2438: 2434: 2422: 2415: 2407: 2400: 2394: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2370: 2366: 2353: 2349: 2332: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2306: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2285: 2281: 2273: 2269: 2261: 2257: 2249: 2245: 2237: 2233: 2221:, p. 216; 2217: 2213: 2205: 2198: 2192: 2173: 2172: 2163: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2134: 2126: 2113: 2105: 2092: 2082: 2080: 2075: 2074: 2070: 2062: 2058: 2050: 2043: 2035: 2031: 2023: 2019: 2011: 2007: 1999: 1995: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1957: 1953: 1945: 1941: 1933: 1924: 1911: 1910: 1899: 1891: 1884: 1876: 1872: 1863: 1859: 1851: 1847: 1839: 1835: 1823: 1819: 1811: 1807: 1799: 1795: 1787: 1776: 1768: 1764: 1754: 1752: 1751:on 14 July 2014 1743: 1742: 1738: 1730: 1726: 1718: 1711: 1703: 1699: 1691: 1687: 1677: 1669: 1667: 1646: 1645: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1622:"Ranulf Higden" 1620:Burton, Edwin. 1619: 1618: 1611: 1603: 1599: 1591: 1587: 1569: 1568: 1557: 1548: 1542: 1538: 1514: 1510: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1473: 1469: 1463: 1459: 1446: 1442: 1423: 1419: 1410: 1406: 1393: 1389: 1371:William Whiting 1367:Damon's Psalter 1360: 1356: 1346: 1342: 1333: 1329: 1308: 1304: 1295: 1277: 1276:Nicholas Wilks, 1270: 1268: 1263: 1254: 1251:Virgin Classics 1238: 1228: 1226: 1209: 1200: 1198: 1191:Trevor Anthony 1190: 1188: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1164: 1155: 1126: 1102:chromatic scale 1046:Arnold Whittall 1039: 1032: 1023: 999:Felicity Palmer 906:Jonathan Miller 884:Steuart Bedford 805: 788: 712:Emanuel Hurwitz 673: 668: 652:Michael Kennedy 631: 623: 615: 602: 559: 554: 522: 485: 451:Janette Miller 369:Trevor Anthony 353: 337: 334: 261: 213:fall of Lucifer 185: 180: 94: 93: 83: 78: 76: 47: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6011: 6009: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5955: 5954: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5942: 5937: 5930: 5924: 5922: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5912:Durupınar site 5909: 5907:Ararat anomaly 5904: 5899: 5894: 5893: 5892: 5882: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5788: 5786: 5785:Other cultures 5782: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5774: 5766: 5758: 5750: 5746:Noah's Brother 5742: 5734: 5726: 5718: 5709: 5707: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5699: 5693: 5685: 5676: 5674: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5666: 5659: 5652: 5645: 5638: 5631: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5605: 5597: 5596:(17th century) 5589: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5562: 5554: 5546: 5538: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5519: 5518:(1970 musical) 5511: 5502: 5500: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5492: 5484: 5476: 5468: 5460: 5452: 5444: 5436: 5428: 5420: 5412: 5404: 5396: 5388: 5380: 5372: 5364: 5356: 5347: 5345: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5337: 5329: 5320: 5312: 5304: 5298: 5289: 5287: 5280: 5276: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5242: 5240: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5186: 5184: 5177: 5173: 5172: 5167: 5165: 5164: 5157: 5150: 5142: 5133: 5132: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5113:Scallop (2003) 5110: 5107:The Dark Tower 5103: 5098: 5091: 5084: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 4999: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4989: 4980: 4978: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4970: 4962: 4953: 4951: 4950:Collaborations 4947: 4946: 4944: 4943: 4937: 4931: 4930:(guitar, 1963) 4923: 4917: 4909: 4901: 4893: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4850: 4842: 4834: 4826: 4818: 4812: 4804: 4796: 4788: 4780: 4772: 4764: 4756: 4748: 4744:A Boy was Born 4740: 4731: 4729: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4721: 4713: 4705: 4697: 4689: 4681: 4673: 4665: 4657: 4625: 4619: 4611: 4603: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4584: 4576: 4568: 4560: 4552: 4544: 4536: 4528: 4520: 4512: 4504: 4496: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4477: 4474:Cello Symphony 4471: 4463: 4455: 4449: 4446:Piano Concerto 4442: 4440: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4432: 4424: 4416: 4408: 4400: 4392: 4384: 4376: 4369: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4359: 4351: 4343: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4324: 4316: 4308: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4281: 4273: 4265: 4257: 4249: 4241: 4233: 4225: 4221:Albert Herring 4217: 4209: 4201: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4171: 4169: 4168: 4161: 4154: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4133: 4127: 4119: 4118:External links 4116: 4115: 4114: 4100: 4094: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4074: 4068: 4050: 4044: 4021: 4015: 3999: 3993: 3980: 3974: 3961: 3922: 3916: 3906:, ed. (1984). 3900: 3894: 3878: 3872: 3857: 3851: 3835: 3829: 3813: 3807: 3795:Holden, Amanda 3790: 3784: 3768: 3761: 3746: 3740: 3724: 3718: 3702: 3696: 3683: 3677: 3661: 3655: 3642: 3636: 3623: 3617: 3604: 3598: 3585: 3579: 3563: 3557: 3534: 3533: 3511: 3482: 3455: 3432: 3428:Britten (2010) 3420: 3397: 3393:Britten (2010) 3385: 3381:Britten (2010) 3372: 3368:Britten (2010) 3359: 3357:, p. 233. 3355:Bridcut (2006) 3347: 3343:Britten (2010) 3332: 3328:Elliott (2006) 3320: 3318:, p. 281. 3308: 3296: 3284: 3272: 3270:, p. 123. 3260: 3248: 3233: 3231:, p. 166. 3221: 3219:, pp. 7–8 3206: 3191: 3176: 3172:Britten (2008) 3164: 3162:, p. 274. 3152: 3137: 3123: 3111: 3109:, p. 425. 3099: 3077: 3075:, p. 216. 3065: 3053: 3027: 3001: 2979: 2957: 2931: 2905: 2883: 2857: 2831: 2814:www.boosey.com 2801: 2775: 2768: 2748: 2746:, p. 452. 2744:Britten (2012) 2736: 2714: 2685: 2683:, p. 546. 2681:Britten (2008) 2673: 2669:Britten (2010) 2658: 2628: 2626:, p. 102. 2624:Britten (2010) 2616: 2612:Britten (2010) 2604: 2578: 2547: 2543:Kennedy (2001) 2535: 2505: 2483: 2479:Britten (2010) 2468: 2464:Britten (2010) 2456: 2454:, p. 377. 2444: 2432: 2428:Britten (2010) 2413: 2398: 2376: 2364: 2360:Britten (2010) 2347: 2343:Britten (2010) 2326: 2314: 2291: 2287:Britten (2004) 2279: 2267: 2265:, p. 555. 2263:Britten (2008) 2255: 2251:Britten (2008) 2243: 2239:Britten (2010) 2231: 2219:Kennedy (1981) 2211: 2196: 2161: 2149: 2132: 2111: 2090: 2068: 2064:Britten (2008) 2056: 2052:Britten (2008) 2041: 2037:Britten (2008) 2029: 2027:, p. 582. 2025:Britten (2008) 2017: 2013:Britten (2008) 2005: 1993: 1968: 1951: 1939: 1935:Britten (2008) 1922: 1897: 1893:Britten (2008) 1882: 1878:Britten (2008) 1870: 1866:Britten (2008) 1857: 1853:Britten (2008) 1845: 1843:, p. 580. 1841:Britten (2008) 1833: 1817: 1805: 1801:Elliott (2006) 1793: 1774: 1772:, p. 287. 1770:Britten (2004) 1762: 1736: 1724: 1709: 1697: 1685: 1639: 1609: 1597: 1585: 1554: 1547: 1546: 1536: 1508: 1495: 1486: 1467: 1457: 1453:David Hemmings 1440: 1417: 1404: 1387: 1379:Joseph Addison 1354: 1352:Broadcasting." 1347:On 25 October 1340: 1327: 1301: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1279: 1274: 1272:Benjamin Luxon 1261: 1257: 1256: 1247: 1235:Richard Hickox 1232: 1227:Linda Ormiston 1221: 1217: 1216: 1202: 1195:Norman Del Mar 1192: 1186:Owen Brannigan 1183: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1170: 1161: 1154: 1151: 1125: 1122: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1011:Santa Fe Opera 926:Isabelle Lucas 898:Santa Fe Opera 880:Snape Maltings 825:Norman Lumsden 804: 801: 735:, writing for 672: 669: 667: 664: 644:flutter-tongue 640:third position 603: 601: 598: 594:Owen Brannigan 558: 555: 553: 550: 521: 518: 515: 514: 510: 509: 506: 503: 499: 498: 497:David Bedwell 495: 492: 488: 487: 482: 481:girl sopranos 479: 475: 474: 473:Marilyn Baker 471: 468: 464: 463: 460: 457: 453: 452: 449: 443: 439: 438: 433: 427: 423: 422: 421:Marcus Norman 419: 416: 412: 411: 408: 403: 399: 398: 395: 390: 386: 385: 383:Owen Brannigan 380: 375: 371: 370: 367: 364: 360: 359: 350: 345: 333: 330: 308:In April 1957 260: 257: 242:Rosemary Woolf 217:Last Judgement 184: 181: 179: 176: 96: 95: 84: 74: 72: 68: 67: 61: 57: 56: 53: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 26: 25: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6010: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5978:English plays 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5951: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5935: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5919: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5880: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5868:Flood geology 5866: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5837:Noah in Islam 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5797:Eridu Genesis 5795: 5793: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5783: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5748: 5747: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5704: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5671: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5653: 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4282: 4279: 4278: 4277:Owen Wingrave 4274: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4261:Noye's Fludde 4258: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4226: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4167: 4162: 4160: 4155: 4153: 4148: 4147: 4144: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4112:0-571-10003-1 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4095:0-571-17072-2 4091: 4087: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4071: 4069:0-520-04081-3 4065: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4045:1-56159-228-5 4041: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4030:Stanley Sadie 4027: 4026:Noye's Fludde 4022: 4018: 4016:0-521-23523-5 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3994:0-571-18066-3 3990: 3986: 3981: 3977: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3933: 3928: 3927:Noye's Fludde 3923: 3919: 3917:0-571-13147-6 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3895:0-7148-3277-4 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3865: 3864: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3808:0-14-029312-4 3804: 3800: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3785:0-460-02201-6 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3764: 3758: 3754: 3753: 3747: 3743: 3741:1-871569-08-7 3737: 3733: 3729: 3728:Graham, Colin 3725: 3721: 3719:0-19-816590-0 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3697:0-19-816258-8 3693: 3689: 3684: 3680: 3678:0-571-14325-3 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3629: 3624: 3620: 3614: 3610: 3605: 3601: 3599:0-571-22282-X 3595: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3580:0-571-22839-9 3576: 3572: 3568: 3567:Bridcut, John 3564: 3560: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3541: 3540: 3539: 3521: 3515: 3512: 3499: 3497: 3496:Noye's Fludde 3489: 3487: 3483: 3470: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3442: 3436: 3433: 3430:, p. 18. 3429: 3424: 3421: 3407: 3401: 3398: 3395:, p. 56. 3394: 3389: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3330:, p. 69. 3329: 3324: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3309: 3306:, p. 218 3305: 3300: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3249: 3242: 3237: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3183: 3181: 3177: 3174:, p. 24. 3173: 3168: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3135: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3107:Kildea (2013) 3103: 3100: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3054: 3041: 3037: 3031: 3028: 3015: 3011: 3005: 3002: 2990:. BBC Radio 3 2989: 2983: 2980: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2945: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2893: 2887: 2884: 2872: 2868: 2861: 2858: 2845: 2841: 2835: 2832: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2802: 2789: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2771: 2765: 2761: 2760: 2752: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2737: 2724: 2718: 2715: 2699: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2674: 2671:, p. 137 2670: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2632: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2617: 2614:, p. 57. 2613: 2608: 2605: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2582: 2579: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2551: 2548: 2545:, p. 130 2544: 2539: 2536: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2509: 2506: 2493: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2466:, p. 53. 2465: 2460: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2391: 2387: 2380: 2377: 2374:, p. 386 2373: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2335:Noye's Fludde 2330: 2327: 2324:, p. 44. 2323: 2322:Graham (1989) 2318: 2315: 2302: 2295: 2292: 2289:, p. 27. 2288: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2275:Graham (1989) 2271: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2256: 2253:, p. 562 2252: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2212: 2209:, p. 383 2208: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2159:, p. 46. 2158: 2157:Graham (1989) 2153: 2150: 2147:, p. 382 2146: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2128:Graham (1989) 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2066:, p. 10. 2065: 2060: 2057: 2054:, p. 566 2053: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1964:Barnes (2003) 1961: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1947:Graham (1989) 1943: 1940: 1937:, p. 494 1936: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1915: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1895:, p. 565 1894: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1874: 1871: 1868:, p. 564 1867: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1834: 1831:, p. 265 1830: 1826: 1825:Oliver (1996) 1821: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1794: 1791:, p. 381 1790: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1763: 1750: 1746: 1740: 1737: 1734:, p. 65. 1733: 1728: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1686: 1681: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1651: 1643: 1640: 1627: 1623: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1607:, p. 54. 1606: 1601: 1598: 1595:, p. 22. 1594: 1589: 1586: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1540: 1537: 1534:incongruous". 1532: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1499: 1496: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1471: 1468: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1408: 1405: 1401: 1400:Noye's Fludde 1397: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1383:Thomas Tallis 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1355: 1350: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1336:Ranulf Higden 1331: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1292: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1252: 1248: 1245: 1241: 1240:Coull Quartet 1236: 1233: 1231: 1230:Richard Pasco 1225: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1207: 1203: 1196: 1193: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1169:Voice of God 1162: 1159: 1158: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1142:Noye's Fludde 1139: 1135: 1131: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1114:Noye's Fludde 1109: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1070: 1064: 1061: 1060:Noye's Fludde 1056: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1042:Noye's Fludde 1038: 1036: 1033:Peter Evans: 1029: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1003:Martin Duncan 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 971: 969: 968: 962: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 938: 937:Noye's Fludde 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 910:Noye's Fludde 907: 899: 895: 894:Noye's Fludde 891: 887: 885: 881: 877: 876:Noye's Fludde 873: 872:Noye's Fludde 867: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 847:Noye's Fludde 843: 841: 837: 833: 828: 826: 822: 821:Noye's Fludde 818: 814: 809: 808:Noye's Fludde 802: 800: 798: 797:Noye's Fludde 793: 792:and handle". 787: 786: 780: 779: 774: 773:Andrew Porter 770: 769: 764: 763: 758: 753: 750: 749: 744: 743:Martin Cooper 740: 739: 734: 730: 726: 722: 717: 713: 708: 706: 697: 696:Noye's Fludde 692: 688: 686: 685:Ceri Richards 682: 678: 677:Noye's Fludde 670: 665: 663: 661: 657: 653: 647: 645: 641: 635: 629: 622: 619: 612: 610: 609:Noye's Fludde 599: 597: 595: 591: 590:Edith Sitwell 587: 582: 580: 576: 572: 571:Kyrie eleison 568: 564: 556: 551: 549: 545: 543: 537: 535: 526: 519: 511: 507: 504: 501: 500: 496: 493: 490: 489: 483: 480: 477: 476: 472: 470:girl soprano 469: 466: 465: 461: 459:girl soprano 458: 455: 454: 450: 448: 444: 441: 440: 437: 434: 431: 428: 425: 424: 420: 417: 414: 413: 410:Thomas Bevan 409: 407: 404: 401: 400: 396: 394: 391: 388: 387: 384: 381: 379: 378:bass-baritone 376: 373: 372: 368: 365: 362: 361: 357: 351: 349: 346: 343: 342: 331: 329: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 306: 304: 300: 296: 295: 290: 286: 285: 280: 279: 278:Saint Nicolas 275: 270: 266: 258: 256: 254: 250: 245: 243: 237: 235: 231: 226: 225:Chester cycle 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 189: 182: 177: 175: 172: 167: 166:Noye's Fludde 162: 159: 158: 153: 152: 151:Kyrie eleison 147: 146:Noye's Fludde 143: 139: 138: 133: 132: 126: 124: 120: 119:Old Testament 116: 112: 108: 104: 103: 102:Noye's Fludde 91: 87: 73: 69: 66: 63:15th-century 62: 58: 54: 50: 43: 38: 35: 31: 27: 24:Noye's Fludde 22: 19: 5950: 5932: 5890:Mount Ararat 5877: 5768: 5760: 5752: 5744: 5736: 5728: 5720: 5712: 5695: 5687: 5679: 5628:Die Sintflut 5626: 5607: 5599: 5591: 5583: 5564: 5557: 5556: 5548: 5540: 5532: 5513: 5505: 5486: 5478: 5470: 5462: 5454: 5446: 5438: 5430: 5422: 5414: 5406: 5398: 5390: 5382: 5374: 5366: 5358: 5350: 5331: 5326:: Noah's Ark 5322: 5314: 5306: 5301:"Noah's Ark" 5292: 5246:Book of Noah 5105: 5093: 5086: 5079: 5059:Britten Hall 4984: 4964: 4956: 4934:Cello suites 4925: 4920:Cello sonata 4911: 4908:(oboe, 1951) 4903: 4895: 4854:Jubilate Deo 4852: 4844: 4836: 4828: 4820: 4815:Missa Brevis 4806: 4798: 4790: 4782: 4774: 4766: 4758: 4752:Te Deum in C 4750: 4742: 4734: 4715: 4707: 4699: 4691: 4683: 4675: 4669:Winter Words 4667: 4659: 4651: 4645: 4639: 4633: 4627: 4613: 4605: 4597: 4578: 4570: 4562: 4554: 4546: 4538: 4530: 4522: 4514: 4506: 4498: 4490: 4465: 4459:Young Apollo 4457: 4426: 4418: 4410: 4402: 4394: 4386: 4378: 4353: 4345: 4337: 4318: 4310: 4304:Curlew River 4302: 4283: 4275: 4267: 4260: 4259: 4251: 4243: 4235: 4227: 4219: 4211: 4205:Peter Grimes 4203: 4195: 4103: 4085: 4058: 4033: 4025: 4006: 3984: 3965: 3930: 3926: 3907: 3885: 3862: 3842: 3820: 3817:Kildea, Paul 3798: 3775: 3751: 3731: 3709: 3706:Evans, Peter 3687: 3668: 3646: 3627: 3608: 3589: 3570: 3548: 3537: 3536: 3524:. Retrieved 3514: 3502:. Retrieved 3495: 3473:. Retrieved 3445:. Retrieved 3435: 3423: 3410:. Retrieved 3400: 3388: 3383:, p. 57 3375: 3362: 3350: 3345:, p. 58 3323: 3316:Evans (1996) 3311: 3304:White (1983) 3299: 3294:, p. 10 3287: 3282:, p. 9. 3275: 3263: 3256:Evans (1996) 3251: 3236: 3224: 3167: 3160:Evans (1996) 3155: 3114: 3102: 3090:. Retrieved 3080: 3068: 3061:Evans (1996) 3056: 3044:. Retrieved 3040:the original 3030: 3018:. Retrieved 3014:the original 3004: 2992:. Retrieved 2982: 2970:. Retrieved 2960: 2948:. Retrieved 2944:the original 2934: 2922:. Retrieved 2918:the original 2908: 2896:. Retrieved 2886: 2874:. Retrieved 2870: 2860: 2848:. Retrieved 2844:the original 2834: 2822:. Retrieved 2818:the original 2813: 2804: 2792:. Retrieved 2787: 2778: 2758: 2751: 2739: 2727:. Retrieved 2717: 2702:. Retrieved 2697: 2688: 2676: 2641: 2637: 2631: 2619: 2607: 2587: 2581: 2569:. Retrieved 2565:the original 2560: 2550: 2538: 2518: 2514: 2508: 2496:. Retrieved 2486: 2481:, p. 87 2459: 2447: 2442:, p. 8. 2440:Evans (1996) 2435: 2430:, p. 48 2426:, quoted in 2423: 2411:, p. 11 2389: 2379: 2367: 2362:, p. 49 2355: 2350: 2345:, p. 49 2338: 2334: 2329: 2317: 2305:. Retrieved 2294: 2282: 2270: 2258: 2246: 2234: 2214: 2179: 2175: 2152: 2130:, p. 45 2081:. Retrieved 2071: 2059: 2032: 2020: 2008: 2001:White (1983) 1996: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1966:, p. 47 1959: 1954: 1949:, p. 44 1942: 1917: 1913: 1873: 1860: 1848: 1836: 1829:Evans (1996) 1820: 1813:White (1983) 1808: 1796: 1765: 1753:. Retrieved 1749:the original 1739: 1727: 1705:Woolf (1980) 1700: 1693:Happe (1985) 1688: 1668:. Retrieved 1654: 1642: 1630:. Retrieved 1625: 1605:Woolf (1980) 1600: 1593:Woolf (1980) 1588: 1571: 1550: 1549: 1539: 1531:chromaticism 1524: 1517:Philip Brett 1511: 1503: 1498: 1489: 1482:Joy Boughton 1475: 1470: 1460: 1448: 1443: 1433: 1420: 1413:James Blades 1407: 1399: 1390: 1366: 1357: 1348: 1343: 1330: 1322: 1315:Noah's Flood 1314: 1313:spelling of 1305: 1297: 1296: 1282: 1211: 1165:Noye (Noah), 1147: 1141: 1127: 1113: 1110: 1099: 1074: 1065: 1059: 1041: 1040: 1034: 1031: 1026: 995:Andrew Shore 972: 965: 963: 950:Oliver Mears 936: 934: 930:John Lubbock 909: 903: 893: 875: 871: 868: 846: 844: 829: 820: 807: 806: 796: 794: 783: 776: 766: 760: 754: 746: 736: 716:Ralph Downes 709: 701: 695: 676: 674: 648: 636: 624: 618:Colin Graham 614: 608: 605: 583: 567:Colin Graham 560: 546: 538: 531: 508:Maria Spall 505:silent role 494:silent role 467:Mrs Jaffett 397:Gladys Parr 366:spoken role 354:(Conductor: 322:Imogen Holst 317: 307: 292: 288: 282: 276: 269:Eric Crozier 262: 246: 238: 233: 194: 165: 163: 155: 149: 145: 135: 129: 127: 101: 100: 99: 18: 5968:1957 operas 5934:Boner's Ark 5754:Many Waters 5635:The Unicorn 5588:(1436-1440) 5510:(1954 play) 5392:Angel's Egg 5324:VeggieTales 5261:Noah's wine 5256:Gopher wood 4987:(1989 film) 4985:War Requiem 4739:(1932–1935) 4650:(1954) and 4629:5 Canticles 4556:War Requiem 4439:Concertante 4373:Sinfonietta 4331:Film/Ballet 4197:Paul Bunyan 3520:"CD Review" 3204:, p. 5 3189:, p. 4 3150:, p. 3 2223:Palmer 1984 2109:, p. 2 1916:Vocal Score 1521:12-tone row 1504:Canticle II 1426:Peter Pears 1124:Publication 1118:Peter Evans 1055:passacaglia 1050:Paul Kildea 1007:BBC Radio 3 977:during the 924:(Noah) and 922:Bryan Drake 836:John Avison 294:Canticle II 249:Reformation 221:Middle Ages 137:Canticle II 5957:Categories 5897:Mount Judi 5792:Flood myth 5762:Noah's Ark 5730:Noah's Ark 5706:Literature 5696:Noah's Ark 5681:Noah's Ark 5593:Noah's Ark 5515:Two by Two 5480:Noah's Ark 5440:Noah's Ark 5352:Noah's Ark 5316:Noah's Ark 5286:Television 5203:Characters 5169:Noah's Ark 4366:Orchestral 4347:Night Mail 4237:Billy Budd 3494:"Britten: 3471:. Operadis 2876:16 October 2871:Gramaphone 1682:required.) 1551:References 1189:Sheila Rex 1167:Mrs. Noye, 1153:Recordings 1134:Ernst Roth 1013:, and the 981:, and the 855:Ernst Roth 565:. He told 491:The Raven 432:or treble 389:Mrs Noye 348:Voice type 310:Boris Ford 205:feast days 178:Background 123:Noah's Ark 79:1958-06-18 5832:Bergelmir 5577:Paintings 5566:The Flood 5542:Le Déluge 4602:(1922–26) 4404:Mont Juic 3957:143824184 2424:The Times 1544:that key. 1077:leitmotiv 991:Lowestoft 863:Schulwerk 859:Carl Orff 827:as Noah. 785:The Times 714:, with 579:Lew Grade 502:The Dove 456:Mrs Ham 442:Mrs Sem 393:contralto 259:Inception 209:Christian 121:story of 5665:" (2002) 5658:" (1980) 5651:" (1975) 5644:" (1970) 5637:" (1968) 5176:Theology 5129:Category 4644:(1952), 4540:Nocturne 4245:Gloriana 4056:(1980). 4005:(1982). 3884:(1996). 3841:(2013). 3819:(2013). 3774:(1981). 3708:(1996). 3667:(1992). 3569:(2006). 3547:(2003). 2392:: 32–33. 1988:61648725 1960:TV Times 1695:, Ch. 5. 1670:4 August 1349:TV Times 1082:6/8 time 1058:forces, 946:NI Opera 904:In 1972 671:Premiere 552:Creation 520:Synopsis 426:Jaffett 195:English 174:abroad. 157:Alleluia 71:Premiere 60:Based on 52:Language 5921:Related 5856:Science 5827:Cessair 5656:Animals 5333:The Ark 5239:Related 5225:Japheth 5192:in the 4624:(1945)+ 4580:Phaedra 4032:(ed.). 3843:Britten 3797:(ed.). 3776:Britten 3538:Sources 3526:20 July 3504:20 July 3475:20 July 3447:29 July 3412:29 July 3092:27 July 3046:30 July 3020:30 July 2994:30 July 2972:30 July 2950:30 July 2924:30 July 2898:30 July 2850:30 July 2824:28 July 2794:18 July 2729:20 July 2704:20 July 2571:18 July 2498:20 July 2307:18 July 1755:14 July 1632:13 July 1435:Monitor 956:, with 942:Belfast 920:(God), 557:Writing 447:soprano 418:treble 299:Abraham 274:cantata 215:to the 77: ( 55:English 5998:Operas 5847:Peluda 5773:(2004) 5765:(2002) 5757:(1986) 5749:(1985) 5741:(1984) 5733:(1977) 5725:(1969) 5717:(1948) 5698:(2002) 5692:(1994) 5684:(1992) 5612:(1891) 5604:(1851) 5569:(1962) 5561:(1958) 5553:(1885) 5545:(1875) 5537:(1830) 5483:(2024) 5475:(2015) 5467:(2014) 5459:(2012) 5451:(2007) 5443:(2007) 5435:(2003) 5427:(1999) 5419:(1998) 5411:(1994) 5403:(1988) 5395:(1985) 5387:(1984) 5379:(1983) 5371:(1966) 5363:(1933) 5355:(1928) 5336:(2015) 5328:(2015) 5319:(1999) 5311:(1997) 5303:(1992) 5297:(1967) 5183:Source 4996:Legacy 4969:(1953) 4961:(1941) 4942:(1975) 4922:(1961) 4892:(1945) 4886:(1941) 4874:(1931) 4857:(1961) 4849:(1974) 4841:(1968) 4833:(1966) 4825:(1962) 4817:(1959) 4811:(1955) 4803:(1950) 4795:(1943) 4787:(1944) 4779:(1942) 4771:(1942) 4763:(1938) 4755:(1934) 4747:(1933) 4728:Choral 4720:(1975) 4712:(1969) 4704:(1965) 4696:(1965) 4688:(1958) 4680:(1957) 4672:(1954) 4664:(1947) 4656:(1971) 4618:(1945) 4610:(1940) 4583:(1975) 4575:(1969) 4567:(1963) 4559:(1961) 4551:(1959) 4543:(1958) 4535:(1949) 4527:(1948) 4519:(1943) 4511:(1939) 4503:(1937) 4495:(1936) 4476:(1963) 4462:(1939) 4431:(1946) 4423:(1941) 4415:(1940) 4407:(1937) 4399:(1937) 4391:(1937) 4383:(1934) 4375:(1932) 4358:(1956) 4350:(1936) 4342:(1931) 4323:(1968) 4315:(1966) 4307:(1964) 4288:(1973) 4280:(1971) 4272:(1960) 4264:(1958) 4256:(1954) 4248:(1953) 4240:(1951) 4232:(1949) 4224:(1947) 4216:(1946) 4208:(1945) 4200:(1941) 4110: 4092: 4066: 4042: 4028:". 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