Owned-and-operated station - Knowledge (XXG)

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of the major networks. While in fact there may be an affiliation agreement between a network and an owned-and-operated station, this is not necessarily required, and may simply be a legal technicality formalizing the relationship of separate entities under the same parent company. In any event, this does not prevent a network from effectively dictating an owned-and-operated station's practices outside the scope of a normal affiliation agreement; for instance, network programming is very rarely preempted by O&Os except in cases of major breaking news of interest to the O&O's viewing area, despite individual affiliates' rights to do so.

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broadcasting licenses are generally issued on a local (rather than national) basis, and there is (or was) some sort of regulatory mechanism in place to prevent any company (including a broadcasting network) from owning stations in every market in the country. In other parts of the world, many television networks were given national broadcasting licenses at launch; as such, they have traditionally been mostly (or entirely) composed of owned-and-operated stations, rendering a separate notion for such a concept redundant.

446:) own and operate all of their local stations since their early years, the trend of private networks own and operating more than one station only arose in the 2000s, as the restriction on private radio station's broadcast area was lifted and new regulations concerning network broadcasting system was in effect. The situation is similar to that of the neighbouring Philippines (see below), since most of them are transmitter stations with few regional programming (the notable exceptions are the stations of 1690:

deals, especially ones which put the network over the ownership limit in its local jurisdiction (e.g., the aforementioned 39% ownership cap in the United States imposed by the FCC). In addition, a network might decide to sell some of its O&Os and use the money raised to (at least temporarily) alleviate financial problems. Depending on the new owner, the station might continue to carry programming from the same network, affiliate with another network, or even become another network's O&O.

1103:(FCC) currently mandates that the total number of television stations owned by any company (including a television network) can only reach a maximum market coverage of 39% of the country. Given this restriction, television networks only have O&Os in a fraction of the 210 designated market areas around the country (the remainder of the markets are served by affiliates that are owned by other media companies). Periodically, networks may sell O&Os to comply with this FCC restriction. 1327: 256:, which largely merged the programming from both networks onto the scheduling model used by The WB. The network launched in September 2006 on 11 UPN stations owned by CBS Corporation, and 15 WB affiliates owned by Tribune (which exchanged its ownership stake in The WB for affiliation agreements on most of its stations with the new CW network). Certain UPN and WB affiliates in markets where Tribune and CBS both owned stations carrying those networks either picked up a 1427: 578:

affiliates with one of those networks, therefore, they are not owned-and-operated stations. However, in the strict North American definition of "owned by the network", nearly all of those network affiliates would have been classified as owned-and-operated stations, since the networks (or in the case of Nippon TV, Tokyo Broadcasting System and TV Asahi, the newspapers who own/affiliated with them) has controlling shares in those stations. The smaller

47: 1386:) owns and operates all its stations, the regional news programme segments have identical graphics elements to each other and to the main national programmes they are either part of (e.g. Morgonstudion) or follow (e.g. Rapport and Aktuellt). For instance, during Morgonstudion, rather than a in-studio presenter stepping in to present the regional news, that segment is a montage of the top regional news reports. 295: 1009:

CBC affiliates remain (the last such station disaffiliated in September 2016), and stations that have left the network since the mid-2000s have generally not been replaced. Indeed, the public broadcaster shut down most of its own TV rebroadcast transmitters in 2012, and now relies instead on cable and satellite carriage of its O&Os in regions outside the largest markets.

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also license the network's imaging for their entertainment program and news promotions. Nonetheless, such practices and elements can still be traced back to the O&Os, which represented the earliest television station groups under common ownership, before the emergence and proliferation of national station ownership groups in the subsequent decades.

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and rely on their O&Os for that. Likewise, the ABC News app on Apple TV has a local news section with video reports prepared by its different O&Os. In connection, the O&Os share their content on each other's websites and social media feeds (e.g. content originating from KABC-TV Los Angeles are occasionally posted on WABC-TV New York).

1561:. A number of personalities at New York City radio and television stations have also done assignments for both a station and a parent network at the same time, due to their proximity to network studios and offices. Likewise, presenters from the network appear on some of their O&O stations' local news bulletins. For instance in the UK, the 677:, has exactly the same output across the country but each of the regional broadcasters contributes content to it. Meanwhile, each ARD-member broadcaster uses channel 3 to show its own output and lineup in the viewing areas they serve (although a common time exists for regional news bulletins at 19.30 and a simulcast of the national newscast 715:). Officially, the stations own the network, rather than the network owning stations as is the case in most of the other countries listed here. However, since the 2004 creation of ITV plc, which since 2016 has owned and operated all of the Channel 3 licences serving England, Wales, southern Scotland, Northern Ireland and the 1796:(CRTC) does not allow any single company to own more than two stations serving the same market that broadcast in the same language; as a result, Global had to sell one of the stations. It opted to keep CHAN as that station had much higher ratings than CKVU, as well as a network of rebroadcasters that reach 97% of 687:). Within some regional broadcasters, further variations exist for the regional news bulletins. Viewers across Germany are able to view the different regional variations of channel 3 through free-to-air satellite, pay-TV subscription, or through the ARD media library available on ARD's website and mobile app. 1656:

In the US, during the early stages of breaking news in an O&O's market that may be of potential national interest, its sister O&Os elsewhere may rely on a correspondent working for the former to provide on-air updates. In addition, the news websites of major networks have local news sections

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The co-location of network facilities at O&Os may also facilitate the production of promo shoots that feature both an O&O show and a network show. For instance, the lead presenters of an O&O's late-night news show may shoot a promo in the same studio with the host of the parent network's

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Networks and stations share common facilities in some areas. For instance, some BBC London News bulletins also use the same studio (Studio B) as the national BBC News at Six and Ten bulletins. Previously BBC's Studio D, which used to be home to BBC London News, was also occasionally used by the BBC

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for both its O&Os and affiliates. Supposedly, NBC and ABC also have branding guidelines for its affiliates, but not as extreme as CBS or Fox; since the 2013–14 season, however, when ABC unveiled an updated version of its logo, all of the network's affiliates are now required to use the ABC circle

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Unlike in the US, O&Os intended for a certain viewing area are viewable anywhere in the UK. O&Os from other viewing areas are available on Sky and Freesat and the BBC's iPlayer allows users to select the region/viewing area they are interested in and will thus give them the corresponding BBC

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that "No network has elected to give up such a strong station and go to a startup station," after having disclosed that he had rejected a $ 200 million offer to sell WHDH to NBC in September 2015, leading the network to threaten to shift its programming to WNEU; however, he still predicted that

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In general, an O&O is very unlikely to experience changes in its ownership, since it is often a significant source of revenue for its owner; and since its owner is also its parent network, the chances for an O&O to ever switch networks are also rather low – unless the station is, on the rare

229:. Each of the companies owned a number of stations that aired the network. However, the stations were also not considered O&Os under the initial standard definition. This ambiguity ended with Viacom's buyout of Chris-Craft's share of the network in 2000, which came not long after its merger with 119:

The concept of an O&O is clearly defined in the United States and Canada (and to some extent, several other countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Japan), where network-owned stations had historically been the exception rather than the rule. In such places,

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in Miami to Group W to solve the problem, with the two O&O swaps and the Miami channel swap taking place on September 10 of that year. Westinghouse merged with CBS in August 1995, resulting in these stations becoming owned-and-operated by CBS, with Group W becoming CBS Corporation by early 1997

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In the UK, the similar O&O branding elements are prevalent in the continuity sequences, especially when a national BBC News bulletin on BBC One is introduced. In here the regional announcer tells viewers "This is BBC One ", as well who will present the national and regional news bulletin. The

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serving the three territories as well as northern Quebec. While the majority of Canadians are served by CBC owned-and-operated stations, the CBC previously had some privately owned affiliates. The number of these particularly decreased in the early 2000s, however, and as of January 2017, no private

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In the broadcasting industry, the term "owned-and-operated station" refers exclusively to stations that are owned by television and radio networks. On the other hand, the term "affiliate" only applies to stations that are not owned by networks, but instead are contracted to air programming from one

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A correct formal phrasing could be, "ABC affiliate WFAA is a Tegna station." Similarly, one may informally refer to "ABC affiliates" in regards to all stations (including O&Os) that air ABC programming, or to "the ABC affiliation" in regards to the transfer of rights to ABC programming from an

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using CBS' "I Love Chicago" motif). Likewise, network affiliates may also license graphics packages for use on their newscasts and imaging from their networks to reduce the costs of licensing imaging from other parties; though it has been reduced in usage than in the past, many affiliate stations

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metropolitan areas. These four television markets together account for more than half of the country's population. In addition, these four networks also own and operate some stations in other television markets. Most of the Japanese television stations outside the four flagship media markets have

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Most of the local private stations that are member of national networks are owned and operated by the same company as their parent network, though they were established as different companies. The stations typically has on-air name format , reflecting their respective network and their broadcast

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However, in instances where the network finds an O&O to be no longer financially viable, it may choose to sell the station to a new owner or, in severe cases, simply close the station. Even profitable O&Os might be sold off, often as a result (or in anticipation) of mergers and corporate

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Local weather presenters may make occasional appearances on national programmes or vice versa. In the BBC, the national weather presenters make occasional appearances on BBC London news bulletins and weather presenters often allocated to BBC London (and sometimes other BBC regions) occasionally

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in Chicago), which started to become a normal mode of branding in the mid-1990s (beforehand, O&Os of certain networks – such as CBS and NBC – incorporated the network's logo into their own while verbally being referred under a more genericized channel branding). This kind of sharing may also

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A network's O&Os often share similar branding elements among themselves, reinforcing their common identity as stations owned by the same network; for example, a common shared element among O&O stations involves identifying themselves by combining the name of their parent network with the

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On May 5, 2023, CBS announced that its eight CW affiliates would drop the network and go independent in September, with the intention of adding more local programming, including live sports, as well as programming from other Paramount properties. As part of the above deal of Nexstar acquiring a

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However, S4C has some ties to the BBC even as the latter does not own the former. The licence fee, which is primarily used to fund the BBC, also partly goes to S4C. S4C's main newscast, Newyddion, is broadcast from BBC Wales' studios. Some other BBC personalities like Huw Edwards also appear

763:. In this sense, S4C could be considered a Channel 4 affiliate, with Channel 4's operations in the rest of the UK being similar to an O&O. Since the digital switchover, S4C has been a fully Welsh-language service, with Channel 4 available in Wales at all times on a separate digital channel. 1811:

After purchasing the WIC stations, Canwest started a parallel system, first known as CH, and later as E!, for the WIC stations in areas overlapping existing Global stations (such as the aforementioned CHEK). However, in the midst of financial difficulties, Canwest stated in 2009 that "a second

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in 2019, and with its CW affiliates in most major markets. As such, those stations and other existing Nexstar-owned CW affiliates effectively became CW O&Os, resulting in the CBS-owned CW O&Os merely becoming affiliates. This includes several stations that run the network on a digital

1359:(originally designed in 1962 for ABC's aforementioned O&Os, all of which at the time had broadcast on VHF channel 7) and the "This is Chicago, Chicago My Town" musical signature for local newscasts (originally used by WBBM-TV, and later spread to other CBS O&Os). Fox also has a set of 955:

In 1974, Telecentro was created as a division of ENRAD (Empresa Nacional de Radiodifusión), a state controlled company used to operate all of the country's radio and television stations. However, private broadcasters still owned the broadcast stations. When satellite transmission links were

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In Japan, commercial terrestrial television is focused on five organizations, known alternatively by either the name of their flagship Tokyo station or a network name (usually branded as a "news network" although all of these organizations provide more than just news programming).

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of the ITV1 channel as programmed by ITV plc. As a result of this restructuring and other changes in the relationship between ITV and STV, the Channel 3 franchises owned by ITV plc could now be considered ITV owned-and-operated stations, with STV being comparable to an affiliate.

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in Perth signed on the air in 1988 as a Network Ten O&O. However, the station was sold off the next year as the network faced financial problems. The network – under CanWest Global ownership – re-acquired the station in 1995, and NEW-10 has remained a Ten O&O ever

2026:(which gained its affiliation as part of the aforementioned Group W/CBS affiliation deal in an affiliation swap with WBZ-TV) once its affiliation contract with the network expired on December 31, 2016. Initially, NBCUniversal wanted to transfer NBC network programming to 1512:

Although working at an O&O does not guarantee a network job down the line, the on-air presenter or correspondent does potentially receive additional exposure to the network and often a larger audience given that O&Os are often found in the largest media markets.

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affiliation or became independent stations. The standard definition of an O&O again does not apply to The CW, but the CBS-owned stations that carry the network were referred to as "CW O&Os" (Time Warner, later known as WarnerMedia, did not own any station except

633:), the terms "network", "station" and "channel" can in practice be used interchangeably to refer to either one. Even when a network's local station features programmes that deviate from the flagship station, viewers there may be able to see the flagship station through 2971: 1379:

fonts and graphics styles used in the national news bulletins are mirrored in the regional news bulletins. The format and order of segments of the regional bulletins are almost exactly the same as each other. This is also applicable to the weather segments.

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In Canada, due to the population being concentrated to fewer urban centres (compared to the United States), as well as more lenient policies regarding media ownership (for example, an ownership cap on television stations does not exist, except for within one

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to serve as the full market simulcast for WBTS-LD once NBC acquired WYCN's license. The sale of WYCN-CD to NBC was completed on January 18, 2018; On August 8, 2019, WBTS and WYCN swapped call signs, with channel 8 becoming WYCN-LD and channel 15 changing to

142:(ABC) is referred to as an "ABC station" or an "ABC O&O," but an affiliate. Likewise, a station not owned by ABC but contracted to air the network's programming is correctly referred to as an "ABC affiliate"; that is, the station is affiliated with ABC. 801:

owns and operates several stations across major metro areas in the UK and is seen on Freeview channel 8. Compared to other established services, each of the owned and operated stations has more hours of content that caters to the viewing areas of such.

468:, consisting of distinct TV stations owned by same company, with few or none national programming). Also, the terms "network", "station", and "channel" are used interchangeably, and the flagship station (mostly in Jakarta) could be watched on pay TV. 1643:

used to share the same studio as BBC's Northwest Tonight, the BBC's newscast for the region encompassing Manchester, Liverpool, and surrounding areas but since mid-2023, the former has moved to a different studio but still within MediaCity UK.

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In addition, networks are often informally referred to using their flagship stations' terrestrial channel numbers. For example, ABS-CBN is referred to as "Channel 2" or "Dos", which corresponds to the assigned channel number of its Manila O&O

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late-night talk show that airs immediately after the former. Similarly, a network may thus also show promotional posters/billboards for the programmes of the O&O station it is co-located with along that network's office/studio corridors.

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Positions at network O&Os are frequently sought after by those who wish to eventually work for a television network. Many O&Os have served as a stepping stone for television personalities at their parent networks. For example, former

1032:, New Brunswick) previously served the entire region via relay transmitters (and remains available on cable/satellite). The territories likewise now receive programming through cable/satellite carriage of out-of-province O&Os, usually 1585:

present the weather for BBC's national bulletins. A similar practice happens over at Swedish network SVT where the regional weather portion in many of the regional news bulletins is presented by one of SVT's national weather presenters.

3005: 2905: 1393:) also implement common branding practices among its stations (even when affiliated with different networks). Some of the branding elements are now used by stations that are not O&Os or even affiliates of a certain network (such as 1744: 1611:, Ontario (the address refers to CFTO's over-the-air channel number). NBC's national network operations in both New York City and Los Angeles are housed in the same facilities as their local stations in the respective cities, WNBC and 220:

in Los Angeles (along with most of the ACME stations) aired programming from The WB, they did not fit the standard definition of an owned-and-operated station. A similar exception existed when UPN launched in January 1995 by co-owners

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Presenters and other staff at the O&Os also take on occasional roles at the network level, alongside their existing capacities at the station/regional level. For example, several local anchors at CTV's O&Os have filled in for

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Due to regulations in 2002 Act on Broadcasting, currently owned-and-operated radio stations tend to air mostly local programming, while owned-and-operated television stations are allowed to air mostly network's national programming.

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Some O&Os choose to refer to themselves as "network-owned stations" instead, reflecting the fact that while they may be owned by a national network, much of the operation is usually left to the discretion of the local station.

2837: 1150:) own the vast majority of their stations, with only a few privately owned outlets carrying their programming (in the case of TBN and Daystar, both networks own their stations directly and through subsidiary licensees, such as 1073:). These systems share the same parent companies as most of their local stations, and such stations can be considered O&Os as well. For example, all of CTV Two's local stations are owned by Bell Media. On the other hand, 903:) also have O&Os from one or more networks; for instance, Globo and RedeTV own and operate their stations in Recife, while SBT, Record, Rede Bandeirantes, and TV Cultura do not. Smaller television networks, including ( 1355:

present some savings to the parent network (i.e., the owner), as its O&Os can use the same graphics and music rather than to have each station commission their own individual branding package. Examples include the

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produces all such regional programmes itself, and in this sense all BBC "stations" are owned-and-operated; however, as with the ITV network, there are regional variations in scheduling on this channel between the

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in 1988, subsequently becoming part of that company's CanWest Global System (renamed the Global Television Network in 1997, as part of a national expansion of that brand outside what became the new network's

2804: 1161:, however beginning in the 1980s, these radio networks began to be broken up. For all intents and purposes, NBC no longer exists as a radio network, beyond brand licensing and distribution agreements with 723:, most of the operations of the network have been absorbed into that entity. Moreover, the separately owned station serving northern and central Scotland (STV), and to a lesser extent the ITV plc-owned 1367:

Networks in Canada took corporate branding to its logical conclusion; references to local call signs and channel numbers have almost completely been eliminated from the O&Os except during station

1627:, North Carolina, which the network maintains an affiliation with but has never owned). Moreover, NBC's Washington O&O, WRC-TV, had previously housed the network's Washington bureau from which 1050:– only have O&Os (and, for that matter, affiliates) within Quebec (privately owned Radio-Canada affiliates were only found within Quebec as well, the last affiliated station shut down in 2021). 810:

are available across the UK through the iPlayer. UTV, the ITV O&O for Northern Ireland is available across the UK but users need to add this channel manually to their Sky or Freesat lineup.

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currently own and operate an overwhelming majority of their local stations (most of which are located in major urban centres); the few affiliates are located in smaller regional markets like

2384: 2827: 2255: 1489:'s purchase of controlling interest in the station in 1990, this strategy left WKYC as a longtime also-ran in the Cleveland market due to heavy staff turnover). Roker's predecessor as the 2412: 645:. This is applicable even if a viewer receives the network on a different channel number (either because the viewer resides in a different viewing area or receives the channel through 3226: 165:

Some stations that are owned by companies that operate a network, but air another network's programming are referred to as an affiliate of the network that they carry. For example,

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closed down on August 31, 2009; and CHEK-TV in Victoria was sold to a consortium of station employees and local investors for $ 2, and now operates as an independent station.

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until Nine Entertainment Co. bought the station in 2013, and turned STW-9 into a Nine O&O once again. QTQ-9, meanwhile, always remained a Nine O&O during that time.

2030:, which had a decent signal that covered the New Hampshire portion of the market, but was only receivable over-the-air in the northern areas of Boston. Sunbeam's owner, 1677:

In the Philippines, GMA Network's regional stations contribute to and power a daily news bulletin focused on regional news that airs nationwide on sister network GTV.

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in 2016, CJBN was not included in the sale. CJBN thus transitioned from a Global O&O to an affiliate; however, both Shaw and Corus are controlled by the family of

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made up of the different regional public broadcasters. This effectively renders ARD a case of where the regional stations own the network. One of ARD's channels,

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Parts of a network's operations may also be co-located in the same premises as one or more of its O&Os. For example, production of Global's national newscast

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onto one station). However, there are privately owned local stations that still exist, which broadcast programming originating from the stations located in

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is jointly owned by the owners of the local "Channel 3" stations throughout the United Kingdom, which since 2016 have been consolidated into two companies:

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network, and almost all of Radio Disney's outlets prior to its transition to a mainly digitally distributed service in 2014 (leaving Los Angeles flagship

2742:"CBS Agrees to Buyout Bid by Westinghouse : Entertainment: $ 5.4-billion merger would create biggest TV, radio empire. But the deal faces obstacles" 1939:). New World Communications would be acquired by Fox in July 1996, making them owned-and-operated stations when the merger was finalized in January 1997. 939:

own multiple stations in several markets that each carry programming from the various networks that it also owns (or in the case of Televisa, shoehorn

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Due to the lack of an ownership cap in Mexico, some Mexican television networks own and operate all of their stations; a few media companies, such as

3053: 3027: 277:, who respectively succeeded CBS Corporation and WarnerMedia, each retain 12.5% ownership), all of the Nexstar-owned CW affiliates became O&Os. 3113: 2263: 1863:, with Global. However, the station retained its local branding and continued to be managed by Shaw's Kenora cable operation. When Shaw sold its 795:

until 2015), but otherwise there are currently no regional programming variations on those channels or on any other UK-wide television channels.

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In Germany, some programmes that air on ARD's national channel Das Erste are produced by regional stations that are members of the ARD network.

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used to have a version for Scotland but on February 17, 2019, this variation was discontinued to make way for a new television channel entitled

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conventional TV network no longer key to the long-term success" of the company, and the five E! O&Os subsequently faced various outcomes:

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format menus, the latter of which is geared towards small and medium-market stations with air talent selected from stations in larger markets.

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added a few private affiliates not owned by Canwest in Western Canada prior to its demise in 2009; those affiliates have since joined Rogers'

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In Brazil, government regulations limit the number of stations a television network can own. As a result, the five major television networks (

112:) usually refers to a television or radio station owned by the network with which it is associated. This distinguishes such a station from an 1777: 1660:

In the UK, some BBC regional offices (e.g. BBC Bristol, BBC Wales/Cymru, BBC Scotland) are credited for producing some BBC programmes like

1521:, for example, began his career in television as an engineer at WRC-TV in Washington before eventually becoming NBC's videotape editor for 526: 2074:. On August 31, 2019, WYCN-LD shut down its RF channel 46 transmitter; that October, it moved to channel 36, relocated its transmitter to 2766: 1829: 1001: 423: 3079: 2049:) in August 2016; the sale of WTMU would be completed in November of that year. On October 18, 2017, NBC agreed to purchase WYCN-CD, a 1635:

News Channel when the latter's main studio, Studio E, was out of service. Studio D has also been used for the BBC interview programme

359:). These television markets together account for two-thirds of the country's population. In addition, Seven also owns and operates its 1931:

before they were acquired by Fox directly, due to ownership conflicts caused by New World's concurrent purchases of stations owned by

864: 3090: 3001: 2934: 2901: 2867: 1100: 91: 238: 2859: 2160: 1151: 936: 522: 1523: 1123: 154: 3231: 3141: 780: 69: 891:, and rely heavily on affiliates to distribute the networks' programming to other areas of the country. Some markets (such as 145:

However, informally or for promotional purposes, affiliated stations (or non-O&Os) are sometimes referred to as a network

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personnel at an O&O station may also be promoted to a higher network-level position. Emmy Award-winning videotape editor

1213:) in the process. Westwood One was spun off in 2007 and merged into Dial Global in 2011, with the new company taking on the 3169: 2718: 2619: 2595: 1738: 1275:

network. ESPN Radio has only a few owned-and-operated stations in mostly major markets. Until 2021, Disney also owned the

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owns many stations in the top 100 U.S. markets, and in turn feeds them with programming, either from corporate subsidiary

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in Brisbane became O&Os of the Nine Network in 1987, when the parent company of both stations, Bond Media (headed by

1573:, which broadcasts from Media City Salford Quays, the home of BBC North West (serving greater Manchester and Liverpool); 1194: 1947: 1900: 1143: 736: 484: 427: 376: 230: 2481: 791:(Scotland viewers now get the same version of BBC Two seen in England). Channel 4 offers regional advertising (as did 621:

own and operate almost all their local television stations, although a few affiliates also exist. As regional stations

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The term "station" applies to the ownership of the station. For example, a station that is owned and operated by the

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content. ABC was previously non-existent as well, until 2015 when it relaunched an in-house radio network after

2307: 2008: 1896: 1485:" which developed talent for the larger O&O stations and network (although, until after it ended following 1360: 1263:

Cumulus Media often does the same with its own stations and broadcast service known as Cumulus Media Networks.

798: 439: 242: 2209:"'Gilmore Girls' meet 'Smackdown'; CW Network to combine WB, UPN in CBS-Warner venture beginning in September" 824: 1978:

to NBC would have resulted in huge taxes that were required to be paid on top of it. NBC traded ownership of

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presenter Tom Brokaw used to work for NBC's Los Angeles O&O, KNBC, before moving to the network while

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television system (now simply known as City, which has since been re-classified as a television network).

1619:

of the network (conversely, NBC's affiliate news service NBC News Channel is based out of the studios of

447: 2627: 2075: 2050: 1314:) is not allowed to own or operate any of its stations by way of its ownership model, as its individual 684: 670: 473: 458: 2148:

as part of an agreement with Sinclair to affiliate with two of its stations in Pittsburgh and Seattle.

1907:. Many of the television stations that were owned by New World were located in major NFC markets, and 1364:

logo as a part of the station's own logo, which must additionally be approved by the network for use.

298:

Seven's owned-and-operated stations have their master control operations centralised at the network's

2111: 1714: 1608: 1604: 1430: 1291: 1268: 1147: 1131: 708: 650: 233:. The stations were referred to informally as "UPN O&Os" (Chris-Craft later sold its stations to 2466: 1966:

switched to CBS (from NBC and ABC, respectively) on January 2, 1995, the affiliation swap involving

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as the network's only remaining O&O until 2017, when it became affiliated with spin-off network

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almost the entire programming lineup of their parent network's flagship station (usually based in

601:. Both of these channels have some regional stations, all of which are owned and operated by NHK. 3146: 3118: 2685: 2514: 2448: 2019: 1904: 1414: 1394: 728: 598: 530: 320: 2057:

station that had also sold its frequency rights as part of the spectrum auction. Previous owner

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Owned-and-operated television stations in the United States § Ownership and network changes

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on the day the affiliation swap was completed) due to a significant signal overlap with WBZ-TV.

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sequences (although some O&Os may occasionally refer to their channel numbers in passing).

956:

introduced in Peru in 1989, many affiliates had become repeaters of the main stations based in

452: 2600: 2486: 2208: 2186: 1936: 1932: 1845: 1825: 1817: 1805: 1537: 1514: 1390: 1315: 1202: 1190: 1178: 1054: 940: 868: 666: 558: 538: 400: 226: 113: 1000:, with its role as the publicly funded broadcaster, has at least one O&O in every single 2832: 2094: 2058: 1797: 1518: 1501:, NBC's O&O in Washington, D. C., before going to New York in 1980. Another example was 1230: 1206: 1166: 916: 724: 712: 696: 646: 562: 412: 388: 384: 380: 328: 312: 270: 174: 2894:"Application for Consent to Assignment of Broadcast Station Construction Permit or License" 478: 463: 2079: 1595: 1532: 1062: 1021: 760: 716: 554: 372: 249: 185:, in which CBS owned at the time; therefore, WPSG was a CW O&O prior to October 2022. 2467:"Channel Zero Inc. agrees to purchase CHCH-TV Hamilton and CJNT-TV Montreal from Canwest" 2285: 1236:

However, new radio networks have cropped up with their own owned-and-operated networks.

978:), many television stations have become (or began operation as) O&Os. For instance, 1991: 1769: 1764: 1718: 1218: 1174: 1158: 1139: 997: 932: 915:

The major Chilean television networks currently own and operate all of their stations.

892: 880: 792: 756: 634: 618: 594: 565:

despite the Mainichi's lack of ownership – each own and operate stations in the Tokyo,

294: 2569: 1217:

name. Today, CBS maintains separate distribution agreements between Westwood One (for

767:

regularly on S4C. S4C is also available on the BBC's iPlayer for everyone in the UK.

3220: 2133:

affiliates would switch to The CW to replace three of these eight CBS-owned stations.

2115: 2102: 1494: 1356: 1334: 1253: 1226: 1118:, and other markets that are typically among the 10 largest in the U.S. (such as the 1107: 836: 748: 720: 316: 201: 31: 1851:

Shortly after purchasing the Global network following Canwest's bankruptcy in 2010,

2713: 2213: 2036: 2031: 2003:

in 2008). As a result of the merger, CBS was required to sell former ABC affiliate

1971: 1801: 1342:

station's channel number (such as "CBS 2," which is uniformly used by CBS O&Os

1276: 1135: 1127: 1058: 987: 975: 844: 630: 324: 197: 3196:"Nexstar's KAUT-TV in Oklahoma City To Become CW Network Affiliate on September 1" 2041:

NBC would remain on channel 7. NBCUniversal later announced that it would acquire

1016:, is the only French-language network in Canada that has O&Os located outside 884: 2964:"Modification of a Licensed Facility for Digital Class A TV Station Application" 2130: 2107: 1928: 1295: 1237: 1162: 1111: 991: 944: 614: 257: 193: 158: 2928:"FCC Broadcast Television Spectrum Incentive Auction Auction 1001 Winning Bids" 2631: 2605: 2101:, who retained minority stakes in the network. Nexstar had previously acquired 1864: 1456: 1272: 1249: 1066: 872: 827:

owns and operates all of its stations. However, commercial broadcasters like (

759:

programming, along with English-language programming from Channel 4, often on

583: 566: 364: 332: 3114:"New Day Dawns For Broadcast TV As Nexstar Closes Deal For Control Of The CW" 2256:"New Day Dawns For Broadcast TV As Nexstar Closes Deal For Control Of The CW" 2126:

majority stake in The CW, CBS was given the right to end its CW affiliations.

1879:

Global O&O. Shaw ultimately decided to close CJBN entirely later in 2016.

1053:

Along with the major networks, some media conglomerates also run second-tier

2430: 2042: 2023: 1963: 1743: 1717:

and remained a Nine Network affiliate; it later came under the ownership of

1546: 1482: 1478: 1398: 1280: 1186: 1005: 920: 904: 840: 740: 674: 622: 514: 488: 344: 116:, which is independently owned and carries network programming by contract. 2182:"News Corp. to Buy Chris-Craft Parent for $ 5.5 Billion, Outbidding Viacom" 2011:(which was sold to CBS in the spring of 1995 and swapped affiliations with 1755:

mike flag off his microphone on the station's last day as a Global O&O.

1713:), purchased the network. After that company's collapse, STW-9 was sold to 192:

were another exception. The controlling shares in the network were held by

177:, but has no network affiliation and airs syndicated programming; it is an 1310:, own and operate all of their stations. The Public Broadcasting Service ( 2358: 2332: 2106:

subchannel, including those receiving programming from small-market feed

1460: 1372: 1036: 1025: 888: 856: 832: 807: 579: 546: 356: 348: 2018:

In December 2015, NBC announced it would not renew its affiliation with

56:

deal primarily with the United States and Canada and do not represent a

2137: 2071: 2066: 2046: 2027: 2012: 1995: 1979: 1872: 1856: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1821: 1813: 1785: 1781: 1773: 1760: 1748: 1620: 1600: 1554: 1550: 1542: 1474: 1434: 1410: 1368: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1337:

seen here is also used on other ABC O&Os broadcasting on channel 7.

1330: 1115: 1074: 1033: 1029: 876: 784: 771: 700: 642: 610: 574: 534: 392: 262: 17: 1950:, announced a deal to affiliate three of its stations with CBS. While 1473:. Additionally, Roker had begun his career with NBC at former O&O 2655:"New World Vision : Murdoch's News Corp. to Buy Broadcast Group" 2141: 2090: 1983: 1967: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1860: 1724: 1498: 1402: 1307: 1082: 1017: 900: 896: 828: 570: 340: 253: 209: 189: 182: 27:

Broadcast network station owned by the network instead of affiliating

3080:"Request for Special Temporary Authority to Remain Silent (WYCN-LD)" 2427:"Canwest announces strategic review of five conventional television" 879:) tend to have O&Os only in the country's three largest cities, 1409:

in Miami using a variation of the circle 7 logo, and ABC affiliate

1099:

In the United States, unlike Canada's O&O-heavy geography, the

735:

From 1982 to 2010, a somewhat comparable situation existed for the

1776:). However, in 2000, CanWest purchased the television stations of 1742: 1706: 1702: 1303: 1070: 1043: 352: 299: 1256:

purposes are handled either by internal methods or through their

269:(who acquired Tribune in 2019) brought a 75% interest in The CW ( 2445:"Canwest considers possible sale of 5 TV stations across Canada" 2145: 2004: 1987: 1975: 1920: 1912: 1612: 1464: 1406: 1142:) and non-commercial religious television networks (such as the 957: 704: 443: 396: 217: 213: 166: 150: 1693:

The following are examples of transactions involving O&Os:

1603:, while CTV's network headquarters are co-located with CFTO at 1197:

via a series of complicated transactions, absorbing the former

553:), two of four of them owned by major newspapers (Nippon TV by 204:

and, for a portion of the network's existence, the now-defunct

30:"O&O" redirects here. For the defragmentation utility, see 1899:

awarded Fox the broadcast contract to televise games from the

1505:

presenter Emily Maitlis, who joined BBC News 24 and BBC Two's

1311: 1210: 1189:) from its broadcast service. In the late 1990s, the original 1182: 1020:. The network maintains an O&O in each province except in 775: 744: 590: 472:

coverage. There is only a single counterexample to this rule:

360: 170: 40: 3142:"Eight CBS Stations To Ditch CW And Go Independent This Fall" 2828:"To Channel 7 owner, NBC's offer is $ 300 million too little" 1569:

bulletin that immediately follows. Another example is BBC's

1130:), although they have also been found in markets as small as 743:

broadcasting in England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, and

561:) and Tokyo Broadcasting System being highly affiliated with 2082:

to Providence, leaving WBTS-CD as Boston's sole NBC station.

1433:, home to both CTV's network operations and Toronto O&O 1138:(DMA No. 76, 1995–2011) in the past. Some networks (such as 1911:

between September 1994 and September 1996 (including two –

1794:

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission

1095:

Owned-and-operated television stations in the United States

130:

Owned-and-operated television stations in the United States

3170:"3 Nexstar Stations To Add The CW Affiliations on Sept. 1" 2596:"CBS, NBC Battle for AFC Rights // Fox Steals NFC Package" 1855:

realigned a small station it already owned, CTV affiliate

252:(former owner of UPN) and Time Warner became co-owners of 153:

is an ABC station" even though that ABC affiliate, in the

1577:

Presenter Roger Johnson presents some Sunday editions of

1106:

O&Os tend to be found in large urban centers such as

2681:"CBS to Add Three Affiliates in Deal With Westinghouse" 2230:"Nexstar completes purchase of WGN owner Tribune Media" 2061:

then entered into a channel sharing agreement with the

1271:(which was merged into Cumulus in 2011) still owns the 907:), typically only have one owned-and-operated station. 669:, one of Germany's public broadcasters, is actually an 586:) clearly owns and operates all of its local stations. 181:. Prior to September 2023, WPSG aired programming from 65: 2510:"Employees buy CanWest TV station in Victoria for $ 2" 2045:

affiliate WTMU-LD (which would change its callsign to

1946:(also known as Group W), the broadcasting division of 487:, is an affiliate of but only 25% shares are owned by 1157:

Owned-and-operated stations used to be common in the

1903:. As a result, it agreed to purchase a 20% stake in 1875:, which means that CJBN was thereafter considered a 1463:

worked for NBC's flagship O&O in New York City,

1389:

Currently, other television station groups (such as

1185:). CBS's radio stations are now a separate company ( 755:

in 2010, S4C's analogue service broadcast primarily

430:(SBS), own and operate all of their local stations. 2559:

list CJBN as one of the licences being transferred)

1221:and its sports play-by-play packages, most notably 923:, until it disaffiliated from the network in 1989. 2078:, switched from NBC to Telemundo, and changed its 1527:, as well as other NBC network shows in New York. 335:each own and operate stations in the five largest 2555:(See Appendix in Doc1 – Cover Letter, which does 1927:, Alabama – that ended up being turned over to a 1154:for TBN and Word of God Fellowship for Daystar). 505:Television in Japan § Terrestrial television 2129:On June 14, Nexstar announced that three of its 1557:, respectively) present the weather segments on 609:In the Philippines, networks such as the former 2767:"Beantown Breakup – NBC Actually Leaving WHDH?" 2286:"FCC's Review of the Broadcast Ownership Rules" 2110:, and stations owned by other entities such as 1535:in the past on the network's national newscast 941:programs cherrypicked from its various networks 3227:Network owned-and-operated television stations 2385:"Nine Network – Australian Television Archive" 1318:own the network instead in the manner of ARD. 2797:"TV affiliate talks still up in the airwaves" 2413:"NEW10 Perth – Australian Television Archive" 438:In Indonesia, although public networks (i.e. 54:The examples and perspective in this article 8: 2399:"STW9 Perth – Australian Television Archive" 1840:became a Global owned-and-operated station; 1615:, and both of these O&Os are considered 1974:when it was discovered that a cash sale of 1631:and some MSNBC programmes originated from. 395:and various stations related to the former 248:Following the shutdowns of UPN and The WB, 200:division, with minority interests from the 2118:, which Nexstar provides services through 1173:, the then-owners and distributors of the 422:The two national public broadcasters, the 2620:"Fox Gains 12 Stations in New World Deal" 1599:is controlled from its Vancouver O&O 1589:Co-located network and station facilities 1442:Opportunities for talents and other staff 1248:; in particular, this is done with their 1193:was reassigned to then-corporate sibling 1042:The other two French-language networks – 92:Learn how and when to remove this message 1639:. The BBC's flagship morning programme 1425: 1325: 1177:brand, replaced the ABC News brand with 1012:The CBC's main French-language network, 703:(whose Channel 3 franchises are branded 293: 2228:Channick, Robert (September 19, 2019). 2172: 1422:Ties to the network and sister O&Os 1290:Most religious radio networks, such as 1209:spun off in 1987 after its merger with 729:deviate significantly from the schedule 208:. While Tribune-owned stations such as 3034:from the original on December 31, 2022 2840:from the original on December 24, 2015 2807:from the original on December 20, 2015 2777:from the original on December 19, 2015 1267:, which sold off ABC Radio in 2007 to 124:Usage of the term in the United States 3008:from the original on January 19, 2018 2974:from the original on October 20, 2017 2908:from the original on November 7, 2017 2874:from the original on November 4, 2016 2508:Grant Robertson (September 4, 2009). 2180:Sallie Hofmeister (August 12, 2000). 2136:On August 31, Nexstar announced that 1382:In Sweden where Sveriges Television ( 7: 2826:Leung, Shirley (December 23, 2015). 2740:Sallie Hofmeister (August 2, 1995). 1778:Western International Communications 919:had an affiliate in northern Chile, 3060:from the original on August 4, 2020 2944:from the original on April 14, 2017 2604:. December 18, 1993. Archived from 751:, broadcasting in Wales. Until the 593:operates two terrestrial channels, 424:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2451:. February 5, 2009. Archived from 843:) have private affiliates outside 711:(which operates its franchises as 411:. Nine also owns and operates its 25: 3091:Federal Communications Commission 3002:Federal Communications Commission 2935:Federal Communications Commission 2902:Federal Communications Commission 2868:Federal Communications Commission 2365:from the original on July 6, 2007 2339:from the original on May 21, 2007 2144:beginning September 1, replacing 1686:chance, sold to another network. 1101:Federal Communications Commission 104:In the broadcasting industry, an 3168:Lafayette, Jon (June 14, 2023). 2570:"UPDATED: Shaw to close CJBN-TV" 2308:"ABC Radio to Expand Operations" 2161:Concentration of media ownership 1652:Content sharing and contribution 1541:; and weathercasters from CTV's 1152:Community Educational Television 169:in Philadelphia is owned by the 45: 3112:Hayes, Dade (October 3, 2022). 3087:Licensing and Management System 2968:Licensing and Management System 2707:Tom Jicha (November 22, 1994). 2480:Jack Wilson (August 28, 2009). 2306:Venta, Lance (August 7, 2014). 2254:Hayes, Dade (October 3, 2022). 2065:to carry WYCN-CD's signal over 1747:"We can get rid of this baby!" 1497:, was an on-air personality at 781:constituent countries of the UK 403:and Nine owns and operates its 2630:. May 23, 1994. Archived from 2089:purchased a majority stake in 1800:. CKVU was eventually sold to 1763:in Vancouver was purchased by 108:(frequently abbreviated as an 1: 3140:Rice, Lynette (May 5, 2023). 2679:Bill Carter (July 15, 1994). 2653:Brian Lowry (July 18, 1996). 2482:"Red Deer's CHCA signing off" 1999:(KUTV would later be sold to 1739:2001 Vancouver TV realignment 1681:Ownership and network changes 265:during its existence). After 237:, the subsidiary of the then 140:American Broadcasting Company 2860:"Application Search Details" 2709:"CBS, NBC changing channels" 1901:National Football Conference 1565:presenter also presents the 1144:Trinity Broadcasting Network 806:One feed. BBC Scotland and 555:The Yomiuri Shimbun Holdings 513:The four largest of these – 485:Special Region of Yogyakarta 428:Special Broadcasting Service 231:the previous CBS Corporation 3054:"WYCN-LD Call Sign History" 3028:"WBTS-CD Call Sign History" 2469:. CNW Group. June 30, 2009. 2063:WGBH Educational Foundation 1524:The Huntley–Brinkley Report 1467:, before becoming hosts on 1124:Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex 753:digital switchover in Wales 727:in Northern Ireland, often 563:The Mainichi Newspapers Co. 68:, discuss the issue on the 3248: 2714:South Florida Sun-Sentinel 2120:local marketing agreements 1887: 1736: 1300:Bible Broadcasting Network 1134:(DMA No. 69, 2006–07) and 1092: 502: 127: 106:owned-and-operated station 29: 2541:"Application 2016-0055-2" 1944:Westinghouse Broadcasting 1824:in Montreal were sold to 1804:, and became part of the 1246:via internal distribution 774:has regional output, the 749:separate public authority 737:fourth channel allocation 719:, as well as the UK-wide 559:The Asahi Shimbun Company 527:Tokyo Broadcasting System 254:The CW Television Network 190:The WB Television Network 173:network's parent company 162:affiliate to an O&O. 3200:Nexstar Media Group, Inc 3194:Alex (August 31, 2023). 2009:Providence, Rhode Island 1996:VHF channel 4 allocation 1905:New World Communications 1897:National Football League 1828:and were converted into 799:Local Television Limited 241:that primarily operates 2628:Hollinger International 2001:Four Points Media Group 1751:'s Joe Leary takes the 1265:The Walt Disney Company 1242:Premiere Radio Networks 589:The public broadcaster 300:facilities in Melbourne 245:'s O&Os, in 2000). 235:Fox Television Stations 3232:Television terminology 2099:Warner Bros. Discovery 1895:In December 1993, the 1780:(WIC), which included 1756: 1575:BBC North West Tonight 1438: 1338: 1203:the original NBC Radio 1171:Cumulus Media Networks 1120:San Francisco Bay Area 303: 275:Warner Bros. Discovery 188:The stations carrying 34:. For other uses, see 2994:"Consummation Notice" 2803:. December 18, 2015. 2140:would affiliate with 2076:Norton, Massachusetts 2051:Nashua, New Hampshire 1937:Argyle Communications 1919:, North Carolina and 1888:Further information: 1746: 1429: 1350:in New York City and 1333:'s news vehicle. The 1329: 1159:days of network radio 1014:Ici Radio-Canada Télé 685:Central European time 671:umbrella organisation 503:Further information: 297: 216:in New York City and 3004:. January 18, 2018. 2970:. October 19, 2017. 2904:. October 27, 2017. 2608:on November 5, 2012. 2539:(January 15, 2016). 2455:on February 9, 2009. 2112:Mission Broadcasting 1830:independent stations 1715:Sunraysia Television 1605:9 Channel Nine Court 1431:9 Channel Nine Court 1292:Salem Communications 1285:Radio Disney Country 1269:Citadel Broadcasting 1132:Green Bay, Wisconsin 383:station in regional 371:station in regional 363:station in regional 157:market, is owned by 74:create a new article 66:improve this article 2634:on October 11, 2013 2576:. November 30, 2016 2537:Shaw Communications 2433:. February 5, 2009. 2266:on October 14, 2022 2217:. January 24, 2006. 2087:Nexstar Media Group 1869:Corus Entertainment 1853:Shaw Communications 1772:, Ontario flagship 1493:show's weatherman, 1361:branding guidelines 1252:station portfolio. 448:Jawa Pos Multimedia 267:Nexstar Media Group 206:ACME Communications 179:independent station 36:Oo (disambiguation) 3174:Broadcasting Cable 2998:CDBS Public Access 2898:CDBS Public Access 2864:CDBS Public Access 2686:The New York Times 2515:The Globe and Mail 2449:The Canadian Press 2020:Sunbeam Television 1757: 1563:ITV Lunchtime News 1439: 1415:Cedar Rapids, Iowa 1395:Sunbeam Television 1339: 1225:and the NCAA) and 1055:television systems 599:NHK Educational TV 415:station, based in 337:metropolitan areas 321:Nine Entertainment 304: 3093:. October 3, 2019 2937:. April 4, 2017. 2746:Los Angeles Times 2659:Los Angeles Times 2624:Chicago Sun-Times 2601:Chicago Sun-Times 2487:Red Deer Advocate 2429:(Press release). 2187:Los Angeles Times 2085:In October 2022, 2022:-owned affiliate 1784:in Vancouver and 1617:flagship stations 1538:CTV National News 1515:Behind-the-scenes 1391:Hearst Television 1191:CBS Radio Network 1179:Westwood One News 869:Rede Bandeirantes 721:breakfast licence 474:RBTV (Yogyakarta) 459:Indonesia Network 401:Western Australia 323:, which owns the 315:, which owns the 155:Dallas–Fort Worth 102: 101: 94: 76:, as appropriate. 16:(Redirected from 3239: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3084: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3024: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3013: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2943: 2932: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2833:The Boston Globe 2823: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2801:The Boston Globe 2793: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2717:. Archived from 2704: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2545: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2262:. Archived from 2251: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2177: 2095:Paramount Global 2059:OTA Broadcasting 1798:British Columbia 1559:CTV News Channel 1519:Walter Balderson 1453:NBC Nightly News 1346:in Los Angeles, 1231:CBS Sports Radio 1207:General Electric 1167:NBC Sports Radio 747:, operated by a 557:and TV Asahi by 482: 467: 456: 329:Paramount Global 313:Seven West Media 271:Paramount Global 239:News Corporation 175:Paramount Global 97: 90: 86: 83: 77: 49: 48: 41: 21: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3237: 3236: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3096: 3094: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3063: 3061: 3052: 3051: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3026: 3025: 3021: 3011: 3009: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2977: 2975: 2962: 2961: 2957: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2930: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2877: 2875: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2843: 2841: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2810: 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Choice 1219:CBS Radio News 1175:ABC News Radio 1140:Ion Television 1093:Main article: 1090: 1087: 998:CBC Television 970: 967: 965: 962: 952: 949: 933:Grupo Televisa 928: 925: 912: 909: 893:Belo Horizonte 881:Rio de Janeiro 852: 849: 820: 817: 815: 812: 757:Welsh-language 692: 691:United Kingdom 689: 663: 660: 658: 655: 606: 603: 595:NHK General TV 500: 497: 483:airing in the 435: 432: 311:In Australia, 308: 305: 291: 288: 286: 283: 125: 122: 100: 99: 60:of the subject 58:worldwide view 53: 51: 44: 32:O&O Defrag 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3244: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3201: 3197: 3190: 3187: 3175: 3171: 3164: 3161: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3136: 3133: 3121: 3120: 3115: 3108: 3105: 3092: 3088: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3059: 3055: 3049: 3046: 3033: 3029: 3023: 3020: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2956: 2940: 2936: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2889: 2886: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2855: 2852: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2829: 2822: 2819: 2806: 2802: 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