818:
549:
2086:
96:
798:
431:
392:) refers to Scandinavian laws of inheritance which established land rights for families that had owned that parcel of land over a number of generations, restricting its sale to others. Among other aspects, this protected the inheritance rights of daughters against males from outside the immediate family. Some of these laws remain in effect today in Norway as the
189:
789:
1026:
997:
said comparisons were "outrageous and slanderous". Design firm Design
Foundry later took responsibility for the design of the stage, saying that it "intended to provide the best use of space, given the constraints of the ballroom and social distancing requirements." Ian Walters, director of
973:" people which should be free from foreigners. It has been noted however that this usage is a new invention by the groups and is not attested in any source from before the modern period, being labelled by runologist Michael Barnes as "spring entirely from the imagination".
1365:
1859:
261:, it disappears from the Scandinavian record around the 8th century, however its usage continued in England into the 11th century, where it was sometimes further used in manuscripts as a shorthand for the word
928:
with the othala rune on their uniforms and party regalia in an attempt to enter mainstream politics. The rune was further used, along with other traditional symbols from
European cultures such as a
1357:
1017:
6" logo. The group does not openly support far-right ideologies however scholars have noted the group's fascination with Nazism and extensive usage of Nazi, and more widely fascist, imagery.
1053:, and are commonly used to decorate items and in tattoos. The use of runes such as othala by far-right groups has been strongly condemned by some Heathen groups, including
1512:
1069:
notes that because it is part of the runic alphabet, the othala rune is used widely in a non-racist manner and should be interpreted in conjunction with its context.
989:(CPAC) held in Orlando, Florida, on February 25–28, 2021, the floor layout of the main stage resembled the winged form of the othala rune, leading to speculation on
1831:
870:
294:
heritage, a usage that is wholly modern and not attested in any ancient or medieval source. The rune also continues to be used in non-racist contexts, both in
921:
605:, and more commonly in manuscripts, othala is written with a single vertical line instead of the two diagonal legs, perhaps due to its simpler form.
1346:(The ideological foundations and development of white fascist movements in South Africa, 1945-1999) M.A. thesis University of Pretoria (1999) p. 164
1057:
which released a public statement that " is categorically opposed to fascist movements, or any movements, using the symbols of our faith for hate".
986:
565:
preserve the full set of 24 Elder
Futhark runes (besides introducing innovations), but in some cases these runes are given new sound values due to
116:
981:
In some cases, individuals and organisations have been accused of using the rune as a far-right symbol, such as in April 2014 when the
British
1449:
Old Norse religion in long-term perspectives: origins, changes, and interactions: an international conference in Lund, Sweden, June 3-7, 2004
601:
sound, but is attested only rarely in epigraphy (outside of simply appearing in a futhark row). In some runic inscriptions, such as on the
3656:
3015:
1538:
1848:
1050:
952:
847:
295:
1969:
1917:
1879:
1815:
1796:
1777:
1758:
1456:
1267:
516:
is used to represent the word "*oþal", referencing the ring as hereditary treasure. Similarly, Wolfgang Krause speculated that the
6534:
5795:
5149:
1297:
2120:
160:
6714:
5743:
5105:
4840:
4455:
3854:
3801:
3213:
3160:
2597:
1898:
346:
can be reconstructed, meaning "ancestral land", "the land owned by one's kin", and by extension "property" or "inheritance".
806:
Othala rune (left). Symbol used by far-right groups derived from the historical othala rune by adding feet or wings (right)
1998:
1081:
940:
937:
6408:
5444:
4835:
4761:
4450:
4365:
2435:
1413:
878:
1485:
4766:
4369:
6507:
5434:
4825:
4436:
3723:
3082:
2517:
2052:. [Verdict: "Mixture". The resemblance was clear, the intention undetermined by documentation but denied.]
1030:
637:
7207:
7088:
6687:
5669:
5514:
5044:
4913:
4323:
3886:
3878:
3241:
2414:
917:
913:
907:
7202:
206:
1100:
778:
7212:
4770:
4373:
483:
354:
339:
202:
50:
2057:
1066:
167:
1344:
Die
Ideologiese Grondslae En Ontwikkeling Van Die Blanke Fascistiese Bewegings In Suid-Afrika, 1945- 1995
30:
This article is about the rune. For the planet in the science fiction television show
Stargate SG-1, see
1096:
714:
671:
459:
447:
103:
7171:
1486:"Fascism disaster: Topman withdraws 'Nazi' clothing line after online shopper points out SS insignia"
1089:
1042:
1038:
487:
331:
311:
6254:
5887:
817:
478:. The othala rune is found in some transitional inscriptions of the 6th or 7th century, such as the
6561:
5936:
5091:
4918:
4536:
2555:
2145:
2113:
1928:
629:
451:
246:
7151:
5919:
3955:
3951:
3940:
1825:
962:
590:
513:
385:
323:
319:
279:
2017:
985:
clothing company apologised after using it in one of their clothing lines. Furthermore, at the
6737:
4000:
3563:
3266:
2667:
1965:
1946:
1913:
1894:
1875:
1844:
1811:
1792:
1773:
1754:
1452:
1263:
701:
562:
479:
87:
38:
31:
1387:
7222:
4150:
2037:
1936:
1867:
1730:
602:
1037:
script, in which the rune based on othala represents a "u" sound. It reads left-to-right: "
7181:
4550:
3977:
1049:
Othala, along with other runes more widely, often feature prominently in the practices of
548:
521:
498:
463:
443:
258:
1979:
7217:
5163:
2106:
1716:
1073:
774:
399:
299:
250:
2085:
7196:
2160:
1111:
1006:
944:
887:
854:
825:
693:
566:
372:
242:
82:
95:
7176:
6748:
6744:
6393:
6379:
6282:
6240:
6233:
6122:
5833:
5614:
5552:
5288:
5214:
5174:
5170:
5002:
4675:
4601:
4561:
4557:
4254:
4180:
4104:
4030:
3988:
3964:
3959:
3503:
3496:
3432:
3321:
3277:
2905:
2898:
2833:
2722:
2326:
2215:
1490:
994:
990:
966:
933:
893:
874:
490:
runestones, but it disappears from the
Scandinavian record by the 8th century. The
275:
1735:
The Return of the King – Being the Third Part of The Lord of the Rings; Appendix E
1959:
1860:"The Wewelsburg Effect: Nazi Myth and Paganism in Postwar European Popular Music"
7166:
4360:
3984:
3538:
3273:
2678:
2674:
2171:
2167:
1322:
1123:
1104:
998:
communications for the ACU and CPAC, said they would stop using Design
Foundry.
582:
434:
Illustration of the
Thorsberg chape showing the runic inscriptions on both sides
430:
415:
55:
1941:
7156:
3524:
2922:
2042:
1871:
1721:
1077:
970:
929:
578:
291:
283:
1950:
7161:
6386:
6347:
6316:
6309:
6296:
6095:
5592:
5538:
5265:
5200:
4941:
4652:
4587:
4231:
4166:
4081:
4016:
3510:
3307:
2912:
2708:
2201:
2090:
1193:
The interpretation by Krause follows an earlier suggestion by Helmut Arntz,
1054:
1014:
797:
491:
394:
287:
6372:
6366:
6334:
6328:
6275:
6115:
6109:
6025:
5876:
5605:
5278:
4665:
4244:
4094:
3422:
2823:
2316:
2310:
1114:, in which Othala is a world in the Ida Galaxy where the Asgard had lived.
442:-rune is attested early, in inscriptions from the 3rd century, such as the
1513:"CPAC: Hyatt Hotels says stage design resembling Nazi rune is 'abhorrent'"
267:("homeland"), similar to how other runes were sometimes used at the time.
6289:
6247:
6129:
6102:
5621:
5545:
5295:
5207:
5009:
4948:
4682:
4594:
4261:
4173:
4111:
4023:
3652:
3517:
3439:
3408:
3392:
3386:
3314:
3011:
2840:
2809:
2793:
2787:
2715:
2333:
2296:
2280:
2208:
2140:
1002:
948:
925:
899:
640:. This is similar to wider practices of the time, in which runes such as
407:
403:
271:
249:
writing systems respectively. Its name is derived from the reconstructed
1358:"Bizarre, bold reason America's white supremacists just banned swastika"
1284:
Volk, faith and fatherland: the security threat posed by the white right
7146:
2150:
633:
625:
621:
506:
1025:
951:
group, active during the 1990s to 2005 that espoused a racist form of
17:
6340:
6323:
6261:
6226:
6219:
6213:
6206:
6185:
6164:
6157:
6150:
5857:
5842:
5576:
5561:
5304:
5249:
5242:
5228:
4974:
4959:
4691:
4636:
4629:
4615:
4270:
4215:
4208:
4194:
4120:
4065:
4058:
4044:
3453:
3401:
3372:
3365:
3359:
3335:
2854:
2802:
2773:
2766:
2760:
2736:
2347:
2289:
2266:
2259:
2253:
2229:
1085:
982:
843:
411:
377:
6597:
5974:
3545:
3531:
965:
who use the rune often claim it symbolises the heritage or land of "
936:, and slogans associated with Nazism and far-right extremism by the
654:
648:
642:
1753:(paperback ed.). Woodbridge Rochester, NY: the Boydell press.
685:
the
Harford (Norfolk) brooch, dated c. 650, in a finite verb form:
257:"heritage; inheritance, inherited estate". As it does not occur in
6359:
6353:
6268:
6199:
6192:
5645:
5632:
5324:
5311:
5221:
5020:
4711:
4698:
4608:
4290:
4277:
4187:
4140:
4127:
4037:
3480:
3473:
3467:
3460:
3446:
3415:
3328:
2881:
2874:
2868:
2861:
2847:
2816:
2729:
2374:
2367:
2361:
2354:
2340:
2303:
2222:
2129:
1092:
1024:
788:
763:
471:
196:
920:
before it was disbanded. In November 2016, the leadership of the
850:, which was responsible for maintaining the racial purity of the
7124:
7115:
7106:
6723:
6705:
6642:
6579:
6480:
6444:
6303:
6178:
6171:
6143:
6136:
5908:
5696:
5691:
5682:
5583:
5531:
5361:
5256:
5193:
5075:
5057:
5049:
4981:
4934:
4752:
4643:
4580:
4399:
4352:
4347:
4327:
4222:
4159:
4072:
4009:
3873:
3850:
3845:
3827:
3739:
3734:
3685:
3673:
3664:
3626:
3622:
3609:
3604:
3554:
3379:
3349:
3342:
3300:
3232:
3209:
3204:
3186:
3098:
3093:
3044:
3032:
3023:
2985:
2981:
2968:
2963:
2780:
2750:
2743:
2701:
2654:
2650:
2637:
2623:
2533:
2528:
2475:
2440:
2427:
2422:
2273:
2243:
2236:
2194:
851:
730:
615:
609:
533:
262:
230:
2102:
1103:. Othala is also used as the symbol for the "Lore" resource in
717:
preserves the meaning "an inherited estate" for the rune name:
1414:"White Supremacist Terrorist Attack at Mosques in New Zealand"
270:
As with other symbols used historically in Europe such as the
2038:"Was the CPAC Stage Intentionally Shaped Like a Nazi Symbol?"
1539:"Design firm takes responsibility for CPAC stage controversy"
1866:. German History in Context. Boydell & Brewer: 270–286.
1864:
Revisiting the "Nazi Occult": Histories, Realities, Legacies
1167:
Krause, Wolfgang, 'Die Runendenkmäler und ihre Sprache' In:
658:
were also used as shorthands to write the name of the rune.
1770:
Modern paganism in world cultures: comparative perspectives
1241:
1239:
318:, meaning "homeland". Based on this, and cognates in other
1929:"A note on the meaning of os in the Old English Rune Poem"
916:, the Afrikaner Student Federation and the far-right wing
884:
The rune and winged symbol have been used by the Neo-Nazi
7097:
7079:
7070:
7061:
7052:
7043:
7034:
7025:
7016:
7007:
6998:
6989:
6980:
6971:
6962:
6953:
6944:
6935:
6926:
6917:
6908:
6899:
6696:
6678:
6669:
6660:
6651:
6633:
6624:
6615:
6606:
6588:
6570:
6552:
6543:
6525:
6516:
6498:
6489:
6471:
6462:
6453:
6435:
6426:
6417:
6074:
5962:
5957:
5810:
5782:
5773:
5763:
5758:
5732:
5723:
5706:
5674:
5660:
5499:
5490:
5479:
5470:
5459:
5429:
5420:
5412:
5407:
5393:
5388:
5379:
5370:
5353:
5348:
5339:
5136:
5127:
5100:
5070:
5035:
4898:
4889:
4878:
4869:
4859:
4854:
4820:
4811:
4802:
4787:
4778:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4726:
4521:
4512:
4502:
4497:
4489:
4484:
4474:
4469:
4440:
4431:
4422:
4413:
4395:
4390:
4381:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4318:
4310:
4305:
3922:
3913:
3864:
3836:
3818:
3809:
3796:
3787:
3778:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3714:
3705:
3696:
3677:
3669:
3648:
3643:
3634:
3617:
3596:
3591:
3583:
3578:
3223:
3195:
3177:
3168:
3155:
3146:
3137:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3073:
3064:
3055:
3036:
3028:
3007:
3002:
2993:
2976:
2955:
2950:
2942:
2937:
2645:
2632:
2614:
2605:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2563:
2550:
2541:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2480:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2409:
2401:
2396:
2098:
2058:"Northgard - Balancing Patch 7 - July 2021 - Steam News"
520:
rune is used as an ideograph denoting possession in the
2018:"Asatru UK, In response to the Daily Telegraph article"
1841:
Listening people, speaking earth: contemporary paganism
1286:
Institute for Security Studies (South Africa)(2003) p48
924:
announced their intention to replace the Nazi-pattern
1910:
The children of ash and elm: a history of the Vikings
1298:"Ukraine's Far Right Is Boosting A Pro-Putin Fascist"
749:
whatever is right and proper in constant prosperity.
1999:"Death In June - Come Before Christ And Murder Love"
573:
sound in the Anglo-Saxon system is now expressed by
569:
sound changes. The othala rune is such a case: the
365:
347:
6736:
5162:
4549:
3976:
3265:
2666:
2159:
1072:As with other historical runes, othala is used by
608:The rune is also used as a shorthand for the word
512:It has been suggested that the othala rune on the
298:and in wider popular culture such as the works of
959:in reference to the alternative name for othala.
6755:
5181:
4568:
3995:
3284:
2685:
2178:
1808:Being Viking: heathenism in contemporary America
993:as to why that design was chosen. CPAC chairman
620:("ancestral property or land") in texts such as
1893:(2nd ed.). Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press.
1171:, (ed.) Klose, Olaf. Neumünster 1964 , 311-325.
1169:Von der Bronzezeit bis zur Völkerwanderungszeit
905:
897:
871:7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen
6886:
6881:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
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6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6394:
6387:
6380:
6373:
6367:
6360:
6354:
6348:
6341:
6335:
6329:
6324:
6317:
6310:
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6214:
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6137:
6130:
6123:
6116:
6110:
6103:
6096:
6026:
5888:
5877:
5858:
5843:
5834:
5646:
5633:
5622:
5615:
5606:
5593:
5584:
5577:
5562:
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5546:
5539:
5532:
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5312:
5305:
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5289:
5279:
5266:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5021:
5010:
5003:
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4960:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4712:
4699:
4692:
4683:
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4666:
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4616:
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4602:
4595:
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4581:
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4262:
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4245:
4232:
4223:
4216:
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4112:
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4010:
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3511:
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3488:
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3409:
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3315:
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2375:
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2317:
2311:
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2267:
2260:
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2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2114:
726:
653:
647:
641:
218:
8:
1451:. Lund: Nordic Academic Press. p. 390.
885:
863:
823:
1787:Bogdan, Henrik; Hammer, Olav, eds. (2016).
1585:
1388:"National Socialist Movement: Announcement"
1262:. Edison, NJ: Book Sales, Inc. p. 35.
290:, who have used it to represent ideas like
2121:
2107:
2099:
1927:Silva, Inmaculada Senra (1 January 2006).
1830:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
43:
1940:
1645:
1206:
37:Not to be confused with the character in
987:Conservative Political Action Conference
816:
547:
497:phoneme at this time becomes written in
429:
361:, meaning "nobility" and "disposition".
1681:
1669:
1657:
1561:
1182:Die Runeninschriften im älteren Futhark
1136:
207:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1961:Norwegian Runes and Runic Inscriptions
1843:. London: Hurst & Co. p. 61.
1823:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1471:
1282:Schönteich, Martin and Boshoff, Henri
1245:
1009:used othala on the cover of their 7''
310:The sole attested name of the rune is
1693:
1597:
1296:Colborne, Michael (22 January 2020).
1230:
1155:
1143:
1110:The name of the rune is also used in
1033:, written in English using Tolkien's
734:gif he mot ðær rihtes and gerẏsena on
532:"inherited property - the servant of
524:inscription, reading the inscription
78:
46:
7:
1218:
1180:Krause, Wolfgang, Herbert Jankuhn.
834:The symbol derived from othala with
813:Deliberate use as a far-right symbol
2036:Ibrahim, Nur Nasreen (2021-03-03).
1772:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO.
1737:. London: George Allen & Unwin.
1725:. London: George Allen & Unwin.
1573:
1126:– A symbol which resembles the rune
674:, possibly as part of a given name
666:Epigraphical attestations include:
552:The left panel of the Franks Casket
7147:Runic inscriptions interactive map
1789:Western Esotericism in Scandinavia
1394:. National Socialist Movement (US)
1011:Come Before Christ And Murder Love
848:SS Race and Settlement Main Office
747:if he can enjoy there in his house
278:, othala has been appropriated by
27:Elder Futhark and Anglo-Saxon rune
25:
1356:Smith, Rohan (15 November 2016).
977:Alleged use as a far-right symbol
896:by the Anglo-Afrikaner Bond, the
2084:
1891:An introduction to English runes
1511:Walters, Joanna (1 March 2021).
1386:Schoep, Jeff (4 November 2016).
912:, the Italian neo-fascist group
857:(SS). It was also the emblem of
796:
787:
698:tƿœgen gibroþær afœddæ hiæ ƿylif
187:
94:
1484:Hayward, Stephen (2014-04-13).
1434:
1368:from the original on 2016-11-16
736:brucan on bolde bleadum oftast.
371:are formative elements in some
1537:Kornbluh, Jacob (2021-03-03).
877:in the Nazi Germany-sponsored
704:), a she-wolf nourished them".
581:; the othala rune is known in
1:
2089:The dictionary definition of
1806:Calico, Jefferson F. (2018).
1447:Gregorius, Frederick (2006).
1791:. BRILL. pp. 384, 621.
1197:, 2nd ed., Halle/Saale 1944.
879:Independent State of Croatia
597:) and is used to express an
1749:Barnes, Michael P. (2022).
955:and described its ideas as
938:Christchurch mosque shooter
922:National Socialist Movement
732:bẏþ oferleof æghƿẏlcum men,
577:ᚩ, a derivation of the old
418:, is from the same origin.
7239:
1942:10.5944/epos.22.2006.10523
1933:Epos: Revista de filología
1858:Heilbronner, Oded (2015).
1031:The Fellowship of the Ring
772:
761:
745:is very dear to every man,
689:"Luda repaired the brooch"
638:Historiae adversus paganos
36:
29:
7137:
3267:Later Anglo-Saxon Futhorc
2136:
1958:Spurkland, Terje (2005).
1872:10.1017/9781782046080.013
1323:"Neo-Nazi flag symbolism"
918:White Liberation Movement
908:Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging
178:
173:
159:
132:
115:
107:
102:
93:
86:
81:
73:
54:
49:
1810:. Bristol. p. 118.
1095:writing systems used in
1088:, and as a base for the
941:Brenton Harrison Tarrant
353:is in turn derived from
1908:Price, Neil S. (2022).
1839:Harvey, Graham (1997).
1258:Lumsden, Robin (1995).
1195:Handbuch der Runenkunde
846:) was the badge of the
764:Runes § Modern use
731:
630:Old English translation
616:
610:
501:in the same way as the
389:
367:
358:
349:
343:
335:
327:
315:
263:
2161:Germanic Elder Futhark
2062:store.steampowered.com
1067:Anti-Defamation League
1046:
906:
898:
886:
864:
831:
824:
692:the left panel of the
553:
474:), which had the name
435:
209: instead of runes.
195:This article contains
4551:Later Younger Futhark
3978:Norse Younger Futhark
2668:Anglo-Frisian Futhorc
1768:Blain, Jenny (2005).
1342:Visser, Myda Marista
1101:Tolkien's Legendarium
1097:The Lord of the Rings
1028:
821:Flag of the Croatian
820:
779:Strafgesetzbuch § 86a
773:Further information:
769:Far-right iconography
715:Anglo-Saxon rune poem
700:"two brothers (scil.
672:Westeremden yew-stick
551:
462:). The corresponding
433:
7172:Modern runic writing
6741:Dalecarlian alphabet
1889:Page, R. I. (2003).
1437:, pp. 384, 621.
1107:, released in 2018.
1041:sʌn ov Fuin lord ov
662:Notable attestations
470:(derived from Greek
402:). The tradition of
233:that represents the
2146:List of runologists
1912:. London: Penguin.
1636:, pp. 391–392.
1600:, pp. 181–208.
1588:, pp. 270–286.
1474:, pp. 194–196.
1248:, pp. 153–154.
892:in Germany, and in
364:Terms derived from
247:Anglo-Saxon Futhorc
7152:Runic inscriptions
1184:, Göttingen, 1966.
1047:
963:White supremacists
832:
554:
514:Ring of Pietroassa
505:phoneme, with the
436:
320:Germanic languages
306:Name and etymology
74:"heritage, estate"
7190:
7189:
7132:
7131:
7128:
7119:
7110:
7101:
7092:
7083:
7074:
7065:
7056:
7047:
7038:
7029:
7020:
7011:
7002:
6993:
6984:
6975:
6966:
6957:
6948:
6939:
6930:
6921:
6912:
6903:
6765:
6738:Dalecarlian runes
6731:
6730:
6727:
6718:
6709:
6700:
6691:
6682:
6673:
6664:
6655:
6646:
6637:
6628:
6619:
6610:
6601:
6592:
6583:
6574:
6565:
6556:
6547:
6538:
6529:
6520:
6511:
6502:
6493:
6484:
6475:
6466:
6457:
6448:
6439:
6430:
6421:
6412:
6089:
6078:
5978:
5965:
5940:
5923:
5912:
5814:
5799:
5786:
5777:
5766:
5747:
5736:
5727:
5710:
5699:
5686:
5677:
5664:
5518:
5503:
5494:
5483:
5474:
5463:
5448:
5437:
5424:
5415:
5396:
5383:
5374:
5365:
5356:
5343:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5140:
5131:
5108:
5095:
5078:
5061:
5052:
5039:
4921:
4902:
4893:
4882:
4873:
4862:
4843:
4828:
4815:
4806:
4791:
4782:
4773:
4756:
4747:
4730:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4525:
4516:
4505:
4492:
4477:
4458:
4443:
4426:
4417:
4402:
4385:
4376:
4355:
4342:
4313:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3944:
3933:
3926:
3917:
3908:
3899:
3890:
3881:
3868:
3857:
3840:
3831:
3822:
3813:
3804:
3791:
3782:
3771:
3762:
3753:
3744:
3727:
3718:
3709:
3700:
3689:
3680:
3659:
3638:
3629:
3612:
3599:
3586:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3216:
3199:
3190:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3150:
3141:
3130:
3121:
3112:
3103:
3086:
3077:
3068:
3059:
3048:
3039:
3018:
2997:
2988:
2971:
2958:
2945:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2640:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2587:
2578:
2567:
2558:
2545:
2536:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2483:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2430:
2417:
2404:
1964:. Boydell Press.
1751:Runes: a handbook
1731:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1209:, pp. 47–48.
1099:and described in
1029:Inscription from
1013:alongside their "
914:National Vanguard
873:operating during
755:
754:
702:Romulus and Remus
687:luda:gibœtæsigilæ
563:Anglo-Saxon runes
384:The term "odal" (
302:and video games.
221:), also known as
203:rendering support
183:
182:
39:Old Turkic script
32:Othala (Stargate)
16:(Redirected from
7230:
7208:Heraldic charges
7143:
7122:
7113:
7104:
7095:
7086:
7077:
7068:
7059:
7050:
7041:
7032:
7023:
7014:
7005:
6996:
6987:
6978:
6969:
6960:
6951:
6942:
6933:
6924:
6915:
6906:
6897:
6888:
6883:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6759:
6756:
6721:
6712:
6703:
6694:
6685:
6676:
6667:
6658:
6649:
6640:
6631:
6622:
6613:
6604:
6595:
6586:
6577:
6568:
6559:
6550:
6541:
6532:
6523:
6514:
6505:
6496:
6487:
6478:
6469:
6460:
6451:
6442:
6433:
6424:
6415:
6406:
6396:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6369:
6362:
6356:
6350:
6343:
6337:
6331:
6326:
6319:
6312:
6306:
6299:
6292:
6285:
6278:
6271:
6264:
6257:
6250:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6222:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6160:
6153:
6146:
6139:
6132:
6125:
6118:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6083:
6072:
6028:
5972:
5955:
5934:
5917:
5906:
5890:
5879:
5860:
5845:
5836:
5808:
5793:
5780:
5771:
5756:
5741:
5730:
5721:
5704:
5689:
5680:
5667:
5658:
5648:
5635:
5624:
5617:
5608:
5595:
5586:
5579:
5564:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5512:
5497:
5488:
5477:
5468:
5457:
5442:
5427:
5418:
5405:
5386:
5377:
5368:
5359:
5346:
5337:
5327:
5314:
5307:
5298:
5291:
5281:
5268:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5203:
5196:
5182:
5147:
5134:
5125:
5098:
5089:
5068:
5055:
5042:
5033:
5023:
5012:
5005:
4984:
4977:
4962:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4911:
4896:
4887:
4876:
4867:
4852:
4833:
4818:
4809:
4800:
4785:
4776:
4759:
4750:
4733:
4724:
4714:
4701:
4694:
4685:
4678:
4668:
4655:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4569:
4534:
4519:
4510:
4495:
4482:
4467:
4448:
4429:
4420:
4411:
4388:
4379:
4358:
4345:
4316:
4303:
4293:
4280:
4273:
4264:
4257:
4247:
4234:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4143:
4130:
4123:
4114:
4107:
4097:
4084:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
3996:
3949:
3938:
3929:
3920:
3911:
3902:
3893:
3884:
3871:
3862:
3843:
3834:
3825:
3816:
3807:
3794:
3785:
3776:
3765:
3756:
3747:
3732:
3721:
3712:
3703:
3694:
3683:
3662:
3641:
3632:
3615:
3602:
3589:
3576:
3566:
3557:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3395:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3362:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3285:
3250:
3239:
3230:
3221:
3202:
3193:
3184:
3175:
3166:
3153:
3144:
3135:
3124:
3115:
3106:
3091:
3080:
3071:
3062:
3053:
3042:
3021:
3000:
2991:
2974:
2961:
2948:
2935:
2925:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2796:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2763:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2686:
2643:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2561:
2548:
2539:
2526:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2433:
2420:
2407:
2394:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2319:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2256:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2179:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2100:
2088:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2013:
2011:
2010:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1975:
1954:
1944:
1923:
1904:
1885:
1854:
1835:
1829:
1821:
1802:
1783:
1764:
1738:
1726:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1586:Heilbronner 2015
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1416:. March 15, 2019
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1353:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1293:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1035:Angerthas Erebor
911:
903:
891:
867:
829:
800:
791:
738:
728:
720:
719:
657:
651:
645:
619:
613:
603:Seax of Beagnoth
593:due to the form
469:
370:
352:
280:far-right groups
266:
241:phonemes in the
220:
191:
190:
169:
98:
44:
21:
7238:
7237:
7233:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7228:
7227:
7203:Fascist symbols
7193:
7192:
7191:
7186:
7182:Staveless runes
7141:
7133:
6762:
6742:
6740:
6732:
6371:
6358:
6352:
6339:
6333:
6308:
6218:
6114:
6086:
5961:
5762:
5695:
5673:
5433:
5411:
5392:
5352:
5168:
5167:Medieval Fuþark
5166:
5158:
5104:
5074:
5048:
4917:
4858:
4839:
4824:
4765:
4743:
4739:
4555:
4553:
4545:
4501:
4488:
4473:
4454:
4439:
4435:
4398:
4394:
4368:
4364:
4351:
4334:
4330:
4322:
4309:
3982:
3980:
3972:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3906:
3897:
3877:
3853:
3849:
3800:
3742:
3738:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3625:
3621:
3608:
3595:
3582:
3472:
3391:
3364:
3296:
3290:
3271:
3269:
3261:
3254:
3212:
3208:
3159:
3101:
3097:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3014:
3010:
3006:
2984:
2980:
2967:
2954:
2941:
2873:
2792:
2765:
2697:
2691:
2672:
2670:
2662:
2653:
2649:
2636:
2596:
2554:
2532:
2479:
2439:
2426:
2413:
2400:
2366:
2315:
2258:
2190:
2184:
2165:
2163:
2155:
2132:
2127:
2081:
2076:
2067:
2065:
2056:
2048:
2046:
2035:
2026:
2024:
2016:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1957:
1926:
1920:
1907:
1901:
1888:
1882:
1857:
1851:
1838:
1822:
1818:
1805:
1799:
1786:
1780:
1767:
1761:
1748:
1745:
1729:
1717:Tolkien, J.R.R.
1715:
1712:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1496:
1494:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1369:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1337:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1120:
1063:
1061:Popular culture
1023:
979:
815:
810:
809:
808:
807:
803:
802:
801:
793:
792:
781:
771:
766:
760:
751:
748:
746:
740:
735:
733:
711:
664:
559:
557:Usage and shape
546:
522:Thorsberg chape
499:Younger Futhark
467:
444:Thorsberg chape
428:
308:
259:Younger Futhark
212:
211:
210:
201:Without proper
192:
188:
175:
117:Transliteration
111:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7236:
7234:
7226:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7213:Nazi symbolism
7210:
7205:
7195:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7130:
7129:
7120:
7111:
7102:
7093:
7084:
7075:
7066:
7057:
7048:
7039:
7030:
7021:
7012:
7003:
6994:
6985:
6976:
6967:
6958:
6949:
6940:
6931:
6922:
6913:
6904:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6766:
6754:
6752:
6734:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6719:
6710:
6701:
6692:
6683:
6674:
6665:
6656:
6647:
6638:
6629:
6620:
6611:
6602:
6593:
6584:
6575:
6566:
6557:
6548:
6539:
6530:
6521:
6512:
6503:
6494:
6485:
6476:
6467:
6458:
6449:
6440:
6431:
6422:
6413:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6391:
6384:
6377:
6364:
6345:
6321:
6314:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6280:
6273:
6266:
6259:
6252:
6245:
6238:
6231:
6224:
6211:
6204:
6197:
6190:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6162:
6155:
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6141:
6134:
6127:
6120:
6107:
6100:
6093:
6090:
6080:
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6066:
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6019:
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5989:
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5870:
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5840:
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5825:
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5769:
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5687:
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5665:
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5610:
5603:
5601:
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5574:
5572:
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5568:
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5510:
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5300:
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5237:
5235:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5188:
5180:
5178:
5164:Medieval runes
5160:
5159:
5155:
5154:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5132:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5115:
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5096:
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5079:
5066:
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4508:
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4465:
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4444:
4427:
4418:
4409:
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4403:
4386:
4377:
4356:
4343:
4314:
4301:
4299:
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4275:
4268:
4266:
4259:
4252:
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4238:
4236:
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4220:
4213:
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4199:
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4185:
4178:
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4125:
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4116:
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4090:
4088:
4086:
4079:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4004:
3994:
3992:
3981:16-type Fuþark
3974:
3973:
3969:
3968:
3947:
3945:
3936:
3934:
3927:
3918:
3909:
3900:
3891:
3882:
3869:
3860:
3858:
3841:
3832:
3823:
3814:
3805:
3792:
3783:
3774:
3772:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3730:
3728:
3719:
3710:
3701:
3692:
3690:
3681:
3660:
3639:
3630:
3613:
3600:
3587:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
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3559:
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3550:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3397:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3357:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3270:33-type Fuþorc
3263:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3248:
3246:
3237:
3228:
3219:
3217:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3164:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3131:
3122:
3113:
3104:
3089:
3087:
3078:
3069:
3060:
3051:
3049:
3040:
3019:
2998:
2989:
2972:
2959:
2946:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2920:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2798:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2758:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2671:28-type Fuþorc
2664:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2641:
2628:
2619:
2610:
2601:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2568:
2559:
2546:
2537:
2524:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2486:
2484:
2471:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2431:
2418:
2405:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2321:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2251:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2164:24-type Fuþark
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2080:
2079:External links
2077:
2075:
2074:
2064:. 20 July 2021
2054:
2033:
2014:
1995:
1976:
1970:
1955:
1924:
1918:
1905:
1899:
1886:
1880:
1855:
1850:978185065-2724
1849:
1836:
1816:
1803:
1797:
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1778:
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1759:
1744:
1741:
1740:
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1708:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1624:, p. 118.
1614:
1602:
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1578:
1566:
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1529:
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1476:
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1439:
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1378:
1348:
1335:
1325:. flagspot.net
1314:
1288:
1275:
1268:
1250:
1235:
1233:, p. 393.
1223:
1211:
1207:Spurkland 2005
1199:
1186:
1173:
1160:
1158:, p. 396.
1148:
1146:, p. 185.
1135:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1116:
1074:J.R.R. Tolkien
1062:
1059:
1022:
1019:
978:
975:
859:ethnic Germans
814:
811:
805:
804:
795:
794:
786:
785:
784:
783:
782:
775:Nazi symbolism
770:
767:
762:Main article:
759:
756:
753:
752:
743:
741:
723:
710:
707:
706:
705:
690:
683:
663:
660:
558:
555:
545:
538:
530:O - Wlþu-þewaz
456:Vimose-Høvelen
427:
422:Elder Futhark
420:
400:allodial right
373:Germanic names
355:Proto-Germanic
340:Proto-Germanic
307:
304:
300:J.R.R. Tolkien
251:Proto-Germanic
205:, you may see
193:
186:
185:
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51:Proto-Germanic
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7235:
7224:
7221:
7219:
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5841:
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5807:
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5755:
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5410:
5409:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5382:
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5376:
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5364:
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5350:
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5342:
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5336:
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5310:
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5299:
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5264:
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5260:
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5241:
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5232:
5227:
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5133:
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5112:
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5024:
5019:
5017:
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5001:
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4993:
4991:
4989:
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4973:
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4933:
4930:
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4925:
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4916:
4915:
4910:
4908:
4906:
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4895:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
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4861:
4857:
4856:
4851:
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4837:
4832:
4830:
4827:
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4460:
4457:
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4428:
4425:
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4416:
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4410:
4408:
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4401:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4384:
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4378:
4375:
4371:
4367:
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4357:
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4350:
4349:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4333:
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4325:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4289:
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4285:
4283:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4269:
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4265:
4260:
4258:
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4243:
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4230:
4228:
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4219:
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4212:
4207:
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4202:
4200:
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4191:
4186:
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4177:
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4170:
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4155:
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4139:
4137:
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4131:
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4119:
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4098:
4093:
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4057:
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4036:
4034:
4029:
4027:
4022:
4020:
4015:
4013:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3979:
3975:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3957:
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3948:
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3896:
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3405:
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3398:
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3390:
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3363:
3358:
3355:
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3348:
3346:
3341:
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3334:
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3327:
3325:
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3311:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3294:
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3287:
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3275:
3268:
3264:
3253:
3249:
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3226:
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3215:
3211:
3207:
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3201:
3198:
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3188:
3183:
3180:
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3174:
3171:
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3165:
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3149:
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3143:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3096:
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3090:
3088:
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3079:
3076:
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3070:
3067:
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3026:
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3020:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2970:
2966:
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2960:
2957:
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2707:
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2700:
2695:
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2642:
2639:
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2629:
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2617:
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2611:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2599:
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2589:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2566:
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2560:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2339:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2257:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2095:at Wiktionary
2094:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1985:
1981:
1980:"Othala Rune"
1977:
1973:
1971:1-84383-186-4
1967:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1919:9780141984445
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1881:9781782046080
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1819:
1817:9781781792230
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1798:9789004325968
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1779:9781851096084
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1760:9781783276974
1756:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1646:AUK statement
1642:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1612:, p. 61.
1611:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1458:9789189116818
1454:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1393:
1392:Press Release
1389:
1382:
1379:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1269:9780785802280
1265:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1221:, p. 40.
1220:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1112:Stargate SG-1
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:Death in June
1004:
999:
996:
992:
988:
984:
976:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
945:Heathen Front
942:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
909:
902:
901:
895:
890:
889:
888:Wiking-Jugend
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
866:
865:Volksdeutsche
860:
856:
855:Schutzstaffel
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
830:
828:
827:
826:Volksdeutsche
819:
812:
799:
790:
780:
776:
768:
765:
757:
750:
742:
739:
737:
729:
722:
721:
718:
716:
708:
703:
699:
695:
694:Franks Casket
691:
688:
684:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:
667:
661:
659:
656:
650:
644:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
612:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:Anglo-Frisian
564:
556:
550:
543:
539:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
465:
464:Gothic letter
461:
457:
453:
452:Vimose planer
449:
445:
441:
432:
425:
421:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
387:
382:
380:
379:
374:
369:
362:
360:
356:
351:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
305:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
265:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:Elder Futhark
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
216:
208:
204:
200:
198:
172:
166:
164:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
144:
142:
138:
135:
133:Transcription
131:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
114:
105:
101:
97:
92:
89:
84:
83:Elder Futhark
77:
72:
69:
66:
64:
61:
60:
57:
52:
45:
40:
33:
19:
7177:Pseudo-runes
7123:
7114:
7105:
7096:
7087:
7078:
7069:
7060:
7051:
7042:
7033:
7024:
7015:
7006:
6997:
6988:
6979:
6970:
6961:
6952:
6943:
6934:
6925:
6916:
6907:
6898:
6763:(incomplete)
6761:Alphabetical
6760:
6722:
6713:
6704:
6695:
6686:
6677:
6668:
6659:
6650:
6641:
6632:
6623:
6614:
6605:
6596:
6587:
6578:
6569:
6560:
6551:
6542:
6533:
6524:
6515:
6506:
6497:
6488:
6479:
6470:
6461:
6452:
6443:
6434:
6425:
6416:
6407:
6087:amalgamation
6085:Alphabetical
6084:
6073:
5983:
5973:
5956:
5935:
5918:
5907:
5819:
5809:
5794:
5781:
5772:
5757:
5742:
5731:
5722:
5705:
5690:
5681:
5668:
5659:
5523:
5513:
5498:
5489:
5478:
5469:
5458:
5443:
5428:
5419:
5406:
5387:
5378:
5369:
5360:
5347:
5338:
5185:
5148:
5135:
5126:
5099:
5090:
5069:
5056:
5043:
5034:
4926:
4912:
4897:
4888:
4877:
4868:
4853:
4834:
4819:
4810:
4801:
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4760:
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4572:
4554:Stung Fuþark
4535:
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4468:
4449:
4430:
4421:
4412:
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4380:
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3894:
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3872:
3863:
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3826:
3817:
3808:
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3786:
3777:
3766:
3757:
3748:
3733:
3722:
3713:
3704:
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3633:
3616:
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3590:
3577:
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3288:
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3240:
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3194:
3185:
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3125:
3116:
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3022:
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2949:
2936:
2888:
2689:
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2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2562:
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2540:
2527:
2516:
2507:
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2489:
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2434:
2421:
2408:
2395:
2381:
2182:
2091:
2066:. Retrieved
2061:
2047:. Retrieved
2041:
2025:. Retrieved
2021:
2007:. Retrieved
2002:
1987:. Retrieved
1983:
1960:
1932:
1909:
1890:
1863:
1840:
1807:
1788:
1769:
1750:
1734:
1720:
1704:Bibliography
1689:
1682:Tolkien 1955
1677:
1670:Tolkien 1937
1665:
1653:
1641:
1629:
1617:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1562:Ibrahim 2021
1557:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:
1532:
1520:. Retrieved
1517:The Guardian
1516:
1506:
1495:. Retrieved
1491:Daily Mirror
1489:
1479:
1467:
1448:
1442:
1430:
1418:. Retrieved
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1391:
1381:
1370:. Retrieved
1361:
1351:
1343:
1338:
1327:. Retrieved
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1301:
1291:
1283:
1278:
1259:
1253:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1194:
1189:
1181:
1176:
1168:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1109:
1071:
1064:
1048:
1034:
1010:
1000:
995:Matt Schlapp
991:social media
980:
961:
956:
934:Celtic cross
894:South Africa
883:
875:World War II
862:
858:
839:
835:
833:
822:
744:
725:
724:
712:
697:
686:
679:
675:
670:the Frisian
665:
607:
598:
594:
586:
574:
570:
560:
541:
540:Anglo-Saxon
529:
525:
517:
511:
502:
494:
475:
455:
439:
437:
423:
393:
383:
376:
363:
309:
282:such as the
276:Celtic cross
269:
254:
238:
234:
226:
222:
214:
213:
194:
153:
149:
145:
140:
136:
126:
121:
67:
62:
7167:Runic magic
4001:Long-Branch
2027:13 February
1984:www.adl.org
1935:(22): 393.
1658:ADL, Othala
1634:Calico 2018
1622:Calico 2018
1610:Harvey 1997
1543:The Forward
1472:Barnes 2022
1398:27 February
1362:News.com.au
1246:Barnes 2022
1124:Troll cross
1080:as seen on
583:Old English
450:) and the
416:Isle of Man
332:Old Frisian
312:Old English
199:characters.
174:Position in
56:Old English
7197:Categories
7162:Runestones
7157:Rune Poems
4151:Short-Twig
3291:Variations
3289:Normalized
2692:Variations
2690:Normalized
2185:Variations
2183:Normalized
2049:2023-04-13
2043:snopes.com
2009:2023-05-31
1989:5 November
1900:085115946X
1722:The Hobbit
1598:Blain 2005
1548:2023-03-16
1497:2020-06-26
1372:2016-11-15
1329:2015-09-02
1302:bellingcat
1260:SS Regalia
1231:Silva 2006
1156:Silva 2006
1144:Price 2022
1131:References
1078:The Hobbit
930:Tiwaz rune
758:Modern use
579:Ansuz rune
526:owlþuþewaz
488:Stentoften
484:Björketorp
414:, and the
375:, notably
284:Nazi party
5984:4th types
5820:3rd types
5524:2nd types
5186:1st types
1951:2255-3495
1826:cite book
1743:Secondary
1694:Northgard
1420:March 24,
1219:Page 2003
1105:Northgard
1055:Asatru UK
1021:Heathenry
1015:Totenkopf
953:Heathenry
869:) of the
709:Rune poem
696:, twice:
492:Old Norse
406:found in
395:Odelsrett
386:Old Norse
324:Old Norse
296:Heathenry
288:neo-Nazis
108:ᛟ
7142:See also
2141:Runology
2022:Facebook
1733:(1955).
1719:(1937).
1366:Archived
1118:See also
1090:dwarvish
1051:Heathens
1003:neo-folk
949:Neo-Nazi
926:swastika
900:Boeremag
628:and the
408:Shetland
404:Udal law
322:such as
272:swastika
245:and the
179:23 or 24
176:rune-row
7223:Symbols
6749:20th c.
6745:16th c.
5175:16th c.
5171:13th c.
4573:Regular
4562:13th c.
4558:11th c.
3989:11th c.
3278:12th c.
2151:Rundata
2003:Discogs
1710:Primary
1574:Discogs
1522:1 March
1307:14 July
1084:map of
1082:Thror's
957:odalism
634:Orosius
626:Waldere
622:Beowulf
507:Ur rune
480:Gummarp
357:: *
342:: *
229:, is a
104:Unicode
88:Futhorc
63:*Ōþala-
3985:8th c.
3429:
3356:
3274:8th c.
2919:
2895:
2830:
2757:
2679:9th c.
2675:5th c.
2172:9th c.
2068:14 May
2005:. 1985
1968:
1949:
1916:
1897:
1878:
1847:
1814:
1795:
1776:
1757:
1455:
1266:
1086:Erebor
1005:group
983:Topman
969:" or "
947:was a
932:and a
904:, the
844:serifs
595:ōþila-
591:umlaut
589:(with
534:Wulþuz
460:DR 206
412:Orkney
378:Ulrich
338:, the
255:ōþala-
215:Othala
110:U+16DF
18:Othila
7218:Runes
6743:(ca.
5169:(ca.
4927:Stung
4556:(ca.
3983:(ca.
3272:(ca.
2673:(ca.
2166:(ca.
2130:Runes
1093:Cirth
1043:Moria
1039:Balin
971:Aryan
967:white
836:wings
680:Ƿimœd
676:Ƿimod
544:-rune
426:-rune
368:ōþalą
366:*
359:aþalą
350:ōþalą
348:*
344:ōþalą
336:ēthel
292:Aryan
197:runic
79:Shape
41:, 𐰋.
2070:2022
2029:2022
1991:2022
1966:ISBN
1947:ISSN
1914:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1876:ISBN
1845:ISBN
1832:link
1812:ISBN
1793:ISBN
1774:ISBN
1755:ISBN
1524:2021
1453:ISBN
1422:2019
1400:2021
1309:2021
1264:ISBN
1065:The
1001:The
852:Nazi
840:feet
777:and
713:The
652:and
617:œþel
611:ēþel
587:ēðel
561:The
486:and
476:oþal
438:The
390:óðal
330:and
328:óðal
316:ēþel
286:and
274:and
264:ēðel
237:and
231:rune
227:odal
225:and
223:ēðel
68:Ēðel
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1937:doi
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528:as
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