317:, he recruited Stefanie Horovitz in 1914 to work from his Vienna lab processing lead from uranium-rich pitchblende and measuring its atomic weight to the thousandth of a gram. The two co-published their results showing a significant difference in weight between the uranium lead (206.736 g/mol) and standard lead (207.190 g/mol), thereby providing the first authoritative proof of the existence of isotopes. Within two years, Hönigschmid and Horovitz demonstrated the second known case of isotopes by showing that
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In 1918, he moved to
Germany to teach at Munich University, where he founded a laboratory specifically for research with atomic weights. He and his colleagues worked up until 1941 to precisely define atomic weights of over 40 elements. Notable contributions redefined values for
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230:. Throughout his career he worked to precisely define atomic weights for over 40 elements, and served on committees with the purpose of adopting internationally agreed upon values. After his home and laboratory in Munich were destroyed in
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standards for comparison in 1912 and again in 1934. Additionally, he served as the chairman of the German Atomic Weight
Commission from 1920-1930, and in 1930 became the German representative in the
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286:. During this year he learned Richards' Nobel Prize winning methods for precisely determining atomic weights, which earned Hönigschmid credibility in the field.
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301:. He was simultaneously involved in research at the Radium Institute of Vienna, traveling back and forth between the two cities. He was asked by
397:. Facing difficulties with his health and housing, he committed suicide alongside his wife in 1945. The two had been staying with the widow of
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365:. This work was instrumental in the adoption of precisely defined atomic weights in the international scientific community.
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Trafficking materials and gendered experimental practices: Radium research in early 20th century Vienna
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chemist. He published the first widely accepted experimental proof of isotopes along with
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to determine precise atomic weights of lead from radioactive sources in support of their
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Much of Hönigschmid's work, his home, and his laboratory in Munich were destroyed during
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From 1911-18 he was a professor and directory of the laboratory of
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519:. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Foundation. pp. 192–195.
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in 1908 upon publication of a thesis on carbide and silicide.
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A Devotion to Their
Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity
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Birckenbach, Lothar (1949). "Otto Hönigschmid 1878-1945".
670:
Exploring the
Universe: Essays on Science and Technology
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Academic staff of Czech
Technical University in Prague
673:. United Kingdom: OUP/Royal Institution. p. 108.
547:. United States: Nova Science Publishers. p. 14.
254:). Additionally, he worked as a student researcher in
759:"Hans Fischer und Otto Hönigschmid zum Gedächtniss"
573:"Hans Fischer und Otto Hönigschmid zum Gedachtniss"
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749:Contains short biography of Hönigschmid (in Czech)
311:radioactive displacement law of Fajans and Soddy
835:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
624:. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
321:, a recently discovered element, was in fact
242:Hönigschmid studied organic chemistry at the
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515:Rayner-Canham, Marlene and Geoffrey (1997).
646:. United States: Oxford University Press.
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644:Early Responses to the Periodic System
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667:Christmas, Peter (1997). Day (ed.).
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431:"Prof. Otto Hönigschmid (Obituary)"
274:In 1909, Hönigschmid worked under
14:
722:"Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker"
363:International Union of Chemistry
234:, he committed suicide in 1945.
726:Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker
825:20th-century Austrian chemists
345:. Contributing to the work of
270:Career and Scientific Research
1:
860:Chemists from Austria-Hungary
481:. Columbia University Press.
299:Prague Polytechnic University
379:Austrian Academy of Sciences
244:Charles University in Prague
214:– 14 October 1945 in
876:
840:Harvard University faculty
262:from 1904 to 1906. He was
830:Charles University alumni
571:Weiland, Henrich (1950).
545:Suicide and the Holocaust
429:Whytlaw-Gray, R. (1946).
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788:10.1002/ange.19500620102
708:10.1002/cber.19490820423
600:10.1002/ange.19500620102
477:Rentetzi, Maria (2007).
359:Atomic Weights Committee
353:, Hönigschmid prepared
543:Lester, David (2005).
246:under the guidance of
16:Czech/Austrian chemist
642:Kragh, Helge (2015).
820:People from Hořovice
295:analytical chemistry
169:University of Munich
105:University of Prague
850:Suicides in Germany
780:1950AngCh..62....1W
618:"Hönigschmid, Otto"
592:1950AngCh..62....1W
159:University of Paris
696:Chemische Berichte
280:Harvard University
248:Guido Goldschmiedt
210:(13 March 1878 in
181:Guido Goldschmiedt
164:Harvard University
59:Kingdom of Bohemia
767:Angewandte Chemie
580:Angewandte Chemie
488:978-0-231-50959-6
381:in 1913, and the
347:Ernest Rutherford
276:Theodore Richards
228:Stefanie Horovitz
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187:Doctoral students
139:Scientific career
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208:Otto Hönigschmid
176:Doctoral advisor
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626:. Retrieved
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399:Hans Fischer
395:World War II
392:
383:Liebig Medal
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315:Lise Meitner
288:
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232:World War II
207:
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191:Eduard Zintl
155:Institutions
138:
126:Liebig Medal
80:(1945-10-14)
815:1945 deaths
805:1878 births
441:: 533–534.
373:He won the
351:Marie Curie
323:thorium-230
264:habilitated
116:atomic mass
799:Categories
774:(1): 1–4.
731:2020-12-12
628:2020-12-10
586:(1): 1–4.
526:0941901270
405:References
343:phosphorus
252:papaverine
47:1878-03-13
385:in 1940.
291:inorganic
238:Education
149:Chemistry
757:(1950).
339:tantalum
224:Austrian
218:) was a
212:Hořovice
55:Horowitz
776:Bibcode
588:Bibcode
457:4099557
377:of the
361:of the
335:niobium
297:at the
284:calcium
128:(1940),
90:Bavaria
65:(today
677:
650:
551:
523:
485:
455:
435:Nature
369:Awards
355:radium
341:, and
331:silver
319:ionium
258:under
216:Munich
145:Fields
133:(1913)
122:Awards
86:Munich
762:(PDF)
576:(PDF)
453:S2CID
389:Death
256:Paris
220:Czech
675:ISBN
648:ISBN
549:ISBN
521:ISBN
483:ISBN
349:and
305:and
293:and
75:Died
41:Born
784:doi
704:doi
596:doi
443:doi
439:158
278:at
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
