473:
22:
794:
806:
782:
464:
Otto resided in London throughout most of 1238 and 1239. On 10 November 1238, he attended a meeting of the provincial chapter of
Benedictine abbots and priors. In 1239, he went to Scotland to publish the excommunication of the Emperor Frederick II. In October he held a council in
518:
persuaded
Frederick II to allow Otto and James to participate in the election of a successor provided that afterwards they return to prison. Frederick may have hoped to strengthen his hand through Otto's election as pope. Otto took part in both the
543:
Freed at some point, Otto was transferred by
Innocent IV from the diaconate of San Nicola to the bishopric of Porto e Santa Rufina on 28 May 1244. This constituted a promotion and a reward for his loyalty during his imprisonment. On the eve of the
494:
Gregory IX had scheduled a general council for Easter 1241 at Rome. Otto, with many other churchman, including James of
Pecorara, took ship at Genoa for Rome. The Genoese fleet was intercepted by the pro-imperial fleet of
563:. He is last mentioned in February 1249 and a notice of 23 January 1251 records him as dead. He probably died late in 1250 or in the first weeks of 1251. He died at Lyon and was buried in the convent of the
121:
in 1241. He remained imprisoned at least until 1243. In 1244–1245, he undertook a third and final embassy to
Frederick II. Thereafter, his work slowed down and he is not heard of after 1249.
469:
to introduce the
Lateran reforms to the Scottish church. He visited Ireland to do the same before returning to London, where he spent the next year. He left England on 29 December 1240.
841:
446:
and the cardinal's men in which the legate's cook was killed. Otto himself was locked for safety in the abbey tower, emerging unscathed to lay the city under
263:. It is probably through connection such as this that he rose so fast in ecclesiastical ranks. He was appointed cardinal deacon of San Nicola in Carcere by
836:
706:
Davies, Adam (2007). "The
Appointment of Cardinal-deacon Otto as Legate in Britain (1237)". In Björn Weiler; Janet Burton; Phillipp Schofield (eds.).
383:, the latter the allies of Emperor Frederick II. Frederick, however, caused negotiations to drag on for over a year before an agreement was reached.
861:
846:
267:
on 18 September 1227, a little over two years since entering the Papal chancery. His first subscription as a cardinal is dated 23 September.
744:
730:
415:
Otto presided over the negotiations between Henry III and
Alexander II that began on 14 September 1237 and ended with the signing of the
856:
851:
665:
677:
280:
75:
46:
772:
826:
673:
240:
725:
181:
360:
323:
158:
275:
Otto undertook numerous missions for
Gregory IX in northern Europe. In December 1227, he was sent with Cardinal
583:
Othon de
Montferrat, Ottone Candido, Otto of Toneno, Ottone da Tonengo, Otto de Thonengo, Oddone di Monferrato.
431:
395:
154:
420:
427:
of 1215. The statutes promulgated by Otto after this council are transmitted in more than sixty manuscripts.
500:
380:
296:
118:
511:. Otto received better treatment than James, perhaps because he was seen as more valuable in negotiations.
424:
394:
requested a Papal legate be sent to his kingdom to resolve both internal disputes and a dispute with King
300:
38:
831:
545:
185:
42:
515:
391:
219:
21:
528:
520:
405:
358:. He met resistance from the secular leaders and the council was poorly attended. According to the
110:
106:
259:
After his return to Rome, Otto witnessed a testamentary codicil of a fellow Piedmontese, Cardinal
798:
435:
404:. He left on 13 April 1237, arriving in England in July. His remit covered not only England, but
327:
292:
249:
177:
87:
67:
548:, Innocent dispatched him to Germany to negotiate peace with Frederick II and to regularize the
740:
612:
508:
477:
451:
443:
376:
307:
189:
162:
150:
79:
786:
496:
472:
200:
102:
669:
564:
276:
264:
260:
206:
27:
760:
694:
662:
416:
322:, and between December 1229 and May 1230 he helped organize a new religious order, the
315:
235:
231:
169:
146:
820:
482:
253:
83:
71:
810:
524:
311:
284:
98:
on Papal business. In 1232–1233, he undertook his second embassy to Frederick II.
230:
Otto impressed Honorius III on his mission of 1224 and he was recruited into the
532:
455:
439:
400:
355:
339:
60:
793:
184:, which suggests he had a legal education. In 1224, he was studying law at the
137:, between about 1180 and 1200, into a family closely linked to the nobility of
458:
194:
283:. By January 1228, he was back in Rome. In February 1229, he left on a major
549:
466:
447:
245:
215:
173:
142:
138:
708:
Thirteenth Century England XI: Proceedings of the Gregynog Conference, 2005
379:
to northern Italy to negotiate a peace between the warring factions of the
736:
134:
504:
409:
386:
Between 1233 and 1237, Otto was mostly with the Papal court, acting as
351:
331:
130:
91:
25:
Otto presiding over the council of London in 1237, from a copy of the
347:
343:
335:
319:
95:
717:
The Popes and Britain: A History of Rule, Rupture and Reconciliation
471:
369:
288:
192:
to protest on behalf of the school the regulations imposed by the
20:
354:, where he convoked a council of the German church to be held at
556:
113:. This was by far his most successful mission. Returning to the
480:) captured at the battle of Giglio in 1241, from a copy of the
287:
to northern Europe that lasted until 1231. In April, he was at
256:. He left England before Easter 1226, having achieved little.
74:
in 1225–1226. In 1227–1228, he undertook his first embassy to
503:
on 3 May 1241. Otto and James were captured and brought to
609:
Stairway to Heaven: The Functions of Medieval Upper Spaces
454:
and confirmed a charter of 1191, the first entered in the
244:, auditor of contradicting letters. Later that year, as a
442:, a brawl broke out between a group of scholars from the
306:
Otto subsequently pursued ecclesiastical reforms in the
37:(c. 1190 – 1250/1251) was an Italian papal diplomat and
291:
assisting in the negotiations between the Queen Regent
646:
644:
642:
640:
398:. In August 1236, Gregory IX appointed Otto as legate
770:
676:: The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Website of
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
514:
After the death of Gregory IX on 21 August 1241, the
338:. There he promulgated a statute forbidding clerical
310:. In 1229, he issued statutes for the reform of the
56:, meaning "Otto the White", a name he used himself.
555:Otto's last years were spent in the Papal court at
375:Early in 1232, Gregory IX sent Otto with Cardinal
78:. In 1229–1231, he travelled extensively through
438:in London in 1237. When in July 1237 he came to
218:) named Otto who was a canon for a time in the
59:Otto had a legal education, and had joined the
663:MODENA, O.Carth., Guglielmo di (ca. 1184–1251)
153:. His family was among the feudatories of the
157:, but he was not a blood relative of Marquis
8:
117:, he was captured by imperial forces in the
842:13th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
419:on 25 September. He then presided over the
161:, as sometimes alleged. He was a friend of
168:Otto began his ecclesiastical career as a
423:, which adopted reforms in line with the
421:a council of the English church in London
324:Penitent Sisters of Saint Mary Magdalene
238:. By February 1225, he held the post of
777:
650:
596:
576:
765:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
180:in the 1210s. He was soon acting as a
52:He is called in many English sources
7:
731:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
330:. In the summer of 1230, he visited
767:, Florida International University.
737:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
710:. Boydell Press. pp. 147–158.
368:). He rejoined the Papal court at
66:by 1225. His first mission was to
14:
241:auditor litterarum contradictarum
837:People from the Province of Asti
804:
792:
780:
699:Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor
678:Florida International University
450:in reprisal. In 1240 he visited
281:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
76:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
862:Christians of the Sixth Crusade
476:Otto and James of Pecorara (in
847:13th-century Italian cardinals
607:(2003), p. 314; Toby Huitson,
605:King John: New Interpretations
47:bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina
1:
16:Italian diplomat and cardinal
552:, a new religious movement.
342:. From Denmark, he went to
279:on a secret mission to the
878:
361:Royal Chronicle of Cologne
204:. He received the rank of
857:Diplomats of the Holy See
852:Cardinal-bishops of Porto
733:, Volume 80: Ottone–Pansa
715:Fletcher, Stella (2017).
390:again. In May 1236, King
364:, Otto "withdrew irate" (
101:In 1237–1240, he was the
724:Silanos, Pietro (2014).
432:Archbishop of Canterbury
430:He mediated between the
396:Alexander II of Scotland
188:when he was sent before
155:Marquisate of Montferrat
381:Guelphs and Ghibellines
297:Raymond VII of Toulouse
252:to raise funds for the
70:to raise funds for the
486:
425:Fourth Lateran Council
372:in early summer 1231.
45:from 1227 and then as
31:
763:in Salvador Miranda,
668:17 March 2018 at the
611:(Oxbow Books, 2014),
559:, often acting as an
546:First Council of Lyon
539:Final years and death
475:
186:University of Bologna
43:San Nicola in Carcere
41:, first as deacon of
24:
735:(in Italian). Rome:
516:College of Cardinals
392:Henry III of England
220:cathedral of Bologna
125:Family and education
827:12th-century births
726:"Ottone da Tonengo"
226:Early Papal service
212:magister decretorum
501:a battle of Giglio
487:
436:Archbishop of York
299:that produced the
178:cathedral of Ivrea
32:
509:Kingdom of Sicily
452:Shaftesbury Abbey
377:James of Pecorara
308:Holy Roman Empire
248:, he was sent to
190:Pope Honorius III
163:William of Modena
129:Otto was born at
869:
809:
808:
807:
797:
796:
785:
784:
783:
776:
750:
746:978-8-81200032-6
720:
711:
702:
681:
674:Salvador Miranda
660:
654:
648:
615:
601:
584:
581:
529:election of 1243
521:election of 1241
499:and defeated in
234:and appointed a
119:battle of Giglio
103:apostolic legate
877:
876:
872:
871:
870:
868:
867:
866:
817:
816:
815:
805:
803:
791:
781:
779:
771:
757:
747:
723:
719:. I. B. Tauris.
714:
705:
695:Abulafia, David
693:
690:
685:
684:
670:Wayback Machine
661:
657:
649:
618:
602:
598:
593:
588:
587:
582:
578:
573:
541:
492:
478:cardinal's hats
366:iratus recessit
301:Treaty of Paris
277:Thomas of Capua
273:
271:Papal legations
265:Pope Gregory IX
261:Guala Bicchieri
228:
210:and may be the
127:
35:Otto of Tonengo
28:Chronica Majora
17:
12:
11:
5:
875:
873:
865:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
819:
818:
814:
813:
801:
789:
769:
768:
756:
755:External links
753:
752:
751:
745:
721:
712:
703:
689:
686:
683:
682:
655:
616:
603:S. D. Church,
595:
594:
592:
589:
586:
585:
575:
574:
572:
569:
540:
537:
491:
488:
417:Treaty of York
272:
269:
236:Papal chaplain
232:Papal chancery
227:
224:
182:judge delegate
126:
123:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
874:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
822:
812:
802:
800:
795:
790:
788:
778:
774:
766:
762:
759:
758:
754:
748:
742:
738:
734:
732:
727:
722:
718:
713:
709:
704:
701:. Allen Lane.
700:
696:
692:
691:
687:
679:
675:
671:
667:
664:
659:
656:
652:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
617:
614:
610:
606:
600:
597:
590:
580:
577:
570:
568:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
538:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
489:
485:
484:
483:Nuova Cronica
479:
474:
470:
468:
462:
460:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
402:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
362:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
270:
268:
266:
262:
257:
255:
254:Sixth Crusade
251:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:
203:
202:
197:
196:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
124:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
84:Low Countries
81:
77:
73:
72:Sixth Crusade
69:
65:
64:
57:
55:
54:Otto Candidus
50:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
29:
23:
19:
832:1250s deaths
764:
729:
716:
707:
698:
658:
651:Silanos 2014
608:
604:
599:
579:
560:
554:
542:
525:Celestine IV
513:
493:
481:
463:
429:
414:
399:
387:
385:
374:
365:
359:
316:Augustinians
312:Benedictines
305:
303:(April 12).
274:
258:
239:
229:
211:
205:
199:
193:
172:and general
167:
128:
114:
105:in England,
100:
62:
58:
53:
51:
34:
33:
26:
18:
799:Catholicism
533:Innocent IV
531:that chose
523:that chose
456:Glastonbury
440:Osney Abbey
340:concubinage
214:(master of
159:William III
145:and to the
49:from 1244.
821:Categories
591:References
565:Dominicans
459:chartulary
444:university
295:and Count
787:Biography
761:Biography
550:Humiliati
490:Captivity
467:Edinburgh
448:interdict
246:subdeacon
216:decretals
143:Cavagnolo
139:Cocconato
697:(1988).
666:Archived
527:and the
406:Scotland
401:a latere
356:Würzburg
285:legation
207:magister
174:assessor
135:Piedmont
107:Scotland
39:cardinal
773:Portals
688:Sources
567:there.
561:auditor
507:in the
505:Salerno
410:Ireland
388:auditor
352:Cologne
350:, then
346:, then
332:Denmark
328:Germany
293:Blanche
250:England
195:podestà
176:in the
147:Fieschi
133:in the
131:Tonengo
111:Ireland
92:Denmark
88:Germany
68:England
743:
613:p. 157
412:also.
348:Munich
344:Bremen
336:Norway
320:Alsace
201:comune
96:Norway
82:, the
80:France
61:Roman
811:Italy
571:Notes
370:Rieti
289:Paris
170:canon
151:Genoa
115:curia
63:curia
741:ISBN
672:In:
557:Lyon
497:Pisa
434:and
408:and
334:and
314:and
198:and
141:and
109:and
94:and
326:in
318:in
149:of
823::
739:.
728:.
619:^
535:.
461:.
222:.
165:.
90:,
86:,
775::
749:.
680:.
653:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
