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523:, he was at the same time more unpredictable and volatile, giving in to sudden impulses. This gave his foreign policy an element of instability, which possibly did not inspire confidence to the other side with which he was seeking a compromise peace. Despite being celebrated at the time as a "peace minister", his diplomatic efforts to disengage his country from World War I failed to prevent the dissolution of Austria-Hungary.
449:, outlining the reasons why the Dual Monarchy could not survive another winter of fighting. This resulted in the well-meaning but ineffective peace resolution of 19 July 1917. In a speech in Budapest on 2 October 1917, he spoke in favour of international justice, disarmament, arbitration and freedom of the seas as a basis for peace and as a legal basis for a new Europe.
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Count von
Czernin's main aim was therefore to seek a compromise peace while respecting the agreements made with Germany. However, he quickly discovered that the Dual Monarchy's increasing dependency on Germany rendered a truly independent foreign policy impossible. While he reluctantly agreed with
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by a letter dated 24 March 1917 that he would support France's "just demand" for the return of Alsace-Lorraine. Although his role in the affair remains unclear, he was aware of the secret negotiations, although not of the exact wording of the letter. When French
Premier
480:. The so-called bread peace did not solve the Dual Monarchy's food supply problem, but it did earn Count von Czernin the loathing of Austrian Poles, who also had claimed Chełm. He reached the highlight of his career by subsequently signing peace treaties
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in order to persuade
Romania to prolong their neutrality, but the plan was strongly opposed by the Hungarian government. Romania entered the war on the side of the Allies in August 1916 and Count von Czernin returned to Vienna.
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to arrange a fast peace with the
Entente. In his view, the declaration of war by the United States was a disaster and a victory for the Central Powers became improbable. More precisely, he suggested that Germany should abandon
323:. He quickly became a champion of conservatism and a defender of 'monarchical principles' and favoured upholding the monarchy and opposing universal suffrage and parliamentarism. This brought him to the attention of Archduke
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565:, an interesting look at the inside machinations of an ancient empire being pulled apart by war. In the book he suggested that future generation would remember the First World War as a prelude to
327:, the heir apparent to the throne of the Dual Monarchy. As a leading member of Franz Ferdinand's so-called Belvedere Circle, Count von Czernin was appointed a member of the Austrian Upper House (
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and the possibilities to strengthen it. However, he quickly reported back to Vienna that one could not trust the
Romanian government if a war were to break out. Following the outbreak of
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in Russia, the workers across the Austro-Hungarian Empire became increasingly active around the issue of food shortages and a desire for a "peace without annexations". This led to the
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published the letter a year later Count von
Czernin, feeling himself betrayed by Emperor Karl I and on the verge of a nervous breakdown, tendered his resignation on 14 April 1918.
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in
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Count von
Czernin has been relatively harshly judged by historians. While he was arguably more imaginative and energetic than either of his predecessors,
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in return for large territorial gains in Poland. In Count von
Czernin's scenario Austria-Hungary would be compensated with primarily Romanian territory.
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At a conference between
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to agree. However, an interview in a Hungarian newspaper in January 1914 nearly cost him his job with Hungarian calls for his resignation.
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Minister gegen Kaiser : Aufzeichnungen eines österreichisch-ungarischen Diplomaten über Aussenminister Czernin und Kaiser Karl
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Bert Becker, 'Czernin von und zu Chudenitz, Ottokar, Count (1872–1932), in Spencer C. Tucker & Priscilla Mary Roberts (eds.),
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In 1919, he published his memoirs of his days as an insider in the Austro-Hungarian political and diplomatic arenas during
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At the heir apparent's request, Count von Czernin re-entered the diplomatic corps in October 1913 when he was selected as
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after the war asking her not to expel him from the latter order because of his erratic behaviour as Foreign Minister.
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594:. The episode was entitled "Austria, March 1917" and premiered on the ABC television network on 21 September 1992.
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as the new emperor, Count von Czernin was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs on 23 December 1916, replacing
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and his government. Count von Czernin recommended that Vienna should offer the withdrawal of Siebenbürgen (now
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in August 1914, he strove successfully to keep Romania neutral, thanks in part to the support of the aged King
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As minister to Bucharest, Count von Czernin's mission was to investigate the value of the alliance with
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In 1903, Count von Czernin became a member of the Bohemian Lower House as a representative of the
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Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck, 'Czernin v. und zu Chudenitz, Ottokar Theobald Otto Maria Graf',
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Aristocratic Redoubt: The Austro-Hungarian Foreign Office on the Eve of the First World War
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in which Czernin had to personally intervene. On 24 January 1918, he announced he accepted
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1078:'Czernin v. und zu Chudenitz, Ottokar Theobald Otto Maria Graf', Neue Deutsche Biographie
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William L. Mathes, 'Czernin, Count Ottokar (1872–1932)', in Spencer C. Tucker (ed.),
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1088:'Ottokar Graf Czernin von und zu Chudenitz', Solving Problems Through Force
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1098:'Ottokar Graf Czernin von und zu Chudenitz', Deutsches Historisches Museum
686:'Ottokar Graf Czernin von und zu Chudenitz', Deutsches Historisches Museum
1073:'Czernin Ottokar Graf', Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950
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on 7 May and was considered the leading diplomat of the Central Powers.
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Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History
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1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
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that was signed on 9 February 1918 and in which he agreed to cede
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1023:. In Germany, it has formed part of family names since 1919.
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in Austria. From 1920 to 1923, he served as a deputy of the
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The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia
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as his intermediary, had secretly assured French President
739:, West Lafayette, Purdue University Press, 1999, p. 141f.
227:, notably serving as Foreign Minister from 1916 to 1918.
495:, however, led to Count von Czernin's downfall. Emperor
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Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
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Von Czernin in his ambassadorial uniform. Portrait by
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in the National Council of the Republic of Austria.
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217:Otakar Theobald Otto Maria hrabě Černín z Chudenic
1017:, not a first or middle name. The female form is
849:Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950
192:Gräfin Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau (1878–1945)
580:Count von Czernin was portrayed by the actor
308:in 1895 and was dispatched to the embassy in
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1173:Imperial Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary
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43:Imperial Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary
223:diplomat and politician during the time of
219:; 26 September 1872 – 4 April 1932) was an
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1251:Members of the National Council (Austria)
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726:, London, Greenwood Press, 1982, p. 123f.
544:Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Stephen
103:25 October 1913 – 27 August 1916
55:23 December 1916 – 14 April 1918
16:Czech diplomat and politician (1872–1932)
713:, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2005, p. 330.
548:Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
1281:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
1246:Members of the House of Lords (Austria)
722:Holger H. Herwig & Neil M. Heyman,
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458:Austro-Hungarian strike of January 1918
1003:Regarding personal names: Until 1919,
724:Biographical Dictionary of World War I
256:. In 1897, he married Countess Marie
7:
1236:Foreign ministers of Austria-Hungary
1093:'Ottokar Czernin', firstworldwar.com
1038:Vienna Conference (October 22, 1917)
644:Die Aussenpolitik des Grafen Czernin
632:, München, Drei Masken Verlag, 1920.
91:Austro-Hungarian Minister to Romania
1271:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk negotiators
778:, New York, Garland, 1996, p. 205f.
606:, Vienna, Ullstein & co, 1919 (
1183:Stephan Freiherr Burián von Rajecz
1166:Stephan Freiherr Burián von Rajecz
1043:Vienna Conference (March 16, 1917)
1033:Vienna Conference (August 1, 1917)
675:hraběnka Kinská z Vchynic a Tetova
591:The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles
542:In 1917, he was bestowed with the
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1064:Works by or about Ottokar Czernin
550:. Apparently he wrote to Empress
252:) into an ancient Bohemian noble
1231:Austrian people of Czech descent
933:Magyar Királyi Szent István Rend
908:Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck,
468:. He then negotiated a separate
306:Austro-Hungarian foreign service
646:, München, R. Oldenbourg, 1969.
276:was also a diplomat and served
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1083:'Czernin, Ottokar Graf', AEIOU
630:Czernin und die Sixtus-Affaire
501:Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma
409:unrestricted submarine warfare
258:Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau
113:Karl Emil Prinz zu Fürstenberg
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1211:People from Nymburk District
1055:Works by Ottokar von Czernin
951:Chevaliers de la Toison d'Or
653:, Graz, Verlag Styria, 1965.
639:, Wien, Böhlau Verlag, 1997.
298:Charles-Ferdinand University
209:Czernin von und zu Chudenitz
203:Ottokar Theobald Otto Maria
1118:20th Century Press Archives
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395:Following the accession of
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407:the necessity of resuming
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920:'Czernin Ottokar Graf',
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335:Minister to Bucharest
537:Demokratische Partei
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981:The Communist World
735:William D. Godsey,
642:Ingeborg Meckling,
517:Count von Berchtold
1158:Political offices
974:"World Revolution"
938:2010-12-22 at the
649:Ladislaus Singer,
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576:In popular culture
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559:World War I
482:with Russia
356:World War I
345:Count Tisza
331:) in 1912.
286:World War I
225:World War I
109:Preceded by
61:Preceded by
1195:Categories
1177:1916–1918
1147:1913–1916
991:5 December
752:, p. 148f.
658:References
510:Clemenceau
329:Herrenhaus
278:inter alia
143:1872-09-26
987:(3). 1920
561:, called
447:Reichstag
384:Laxenburg
314:The Hague
185:Spouse(s)
99:In office
51:In office
1027:See also
936:Archived
922:op. cit.
910:op. cit.
898:op. cit.
886:op. cit.
884:Mathes,
874:op. cit.
872:Becker,
862:op. cit.
860:Mathes,
837:op. cit.
825:op. cit.
813:op. cit.
801:op. cit.
799:Mathes,
789:op. cit.
787:Becker,
765:, p. 141
763:op. cit.
761:Godsey,
750:op. cit.
748:Godsey,
586:American
505:Poincaré
372:Bukovina
364:Brătianu
242:Dymokury
83:Freiherr
68:Freiherr
1120:of the
1116:in the
1066:at the
623:Sources
425:Belgium
386:in 1918
360:Carol I
352:Romania
284:during
250:Dimokur
188:Marie,
179:Austria
150:Dimokur
81:István
66:István
1106:, in:
1020:Gräfin
497:Karl I
462:Wilson
397:Karl I
302:Prague
266:German
246:German
236:Family
175:Vienna
1014:Count
977:(PDF)
671:Czech
598:Works
478:Chełm
310:Paris
282:Sofia
213:Czech
156:(now
1152:None
1007:Graf
993:2017
552:Zita
491:The
423:and
274:Otto
206:Graf
165:Died
137:Born
123:None
1122:ZBW
1057:at
635:—,
519:or
464:'s
300:in
190:née
1197::
983:.
979:.
673::
569:.
288:.
268::
248::
215::
177:,
152:,
1110:.
995:.
985:1
264:(
244:(
211:(
160:)
145:)
141:(
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