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214:
steep sides. Other layers form slopes. This same arrangement is common on the Earth. Steep slopes and slopes are easily observed in the walls of the Grand Canyon; slopes often occur when shale erodes into clay. If clay exists in some layers, then they were probably formed when water was present. Clay requires water to form. So the slopes may show periods of time when water covered the area. Perhaps life was abundant then. Click on the image below of the wall of
Oudemans crater for a good view of these layers.
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volcanoes. Voluminous volcanic episodes could have produced large volumes of layered rock that could have been rapidly buried and protected from cratering. The great detail available with HiRISE shows the layers to be both numerous and varied. Some layers are far harder than others because they form
196:
The central uplift of
Oudemans exposes layered rock that may be sedimentary. Layered rock exposed in the central uplifts are common in terrestrial impact structures, and there is abundant layering exposed in the nearby Valles Marineris canyon system suggesting that layered deposits extend throughout
164:
Oudemans crater is an example of very pristine morphology since small features in its ejecta and on its floor are preserved. Being young, it does not display water erosion on its rim. Unlike some craters, Oudemans crater does not have alluvial fans on its floor. In places, its rim has a terrace.
209:(27.3°S, 290.2°E) and a yet unnamed crater (28.4°S, 305°E) also possess finely layered materials in their central uplift features. The preservation of the layering and geographical occurrence of these four craters suggests that they could be ash layers deposited from numerous episodes from the
200:
Oudemans' layers are from as deep or deeper than those exposed in Valles
Marineris. A comparison of the layers in Valles Marineris and in the Oudemans central uplift may prove that they are similar rock types that share the same origin. Three other craters in the area,
188:
4.5 km in diameter. Nick
Hoffman proposes that this might be the trigger that caused the formation of the flow deposits on the east end of the Valles Marineris System. He proposes that the impact heated up subsurface
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HiRISE | Oudemans Crater
Central Uplift: A Sample of Well-Preserved Layering Excavated from Kilometers Below (PSP_001602_1700)
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permafrost causing explosive decompression that flooded down the Valles
Marineris into the Northern Plains of Mars.
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Moore, J. and A. Howard. 2005. Large alluvial fans on Mars. Journal of
Geophysical Research. 110. E04005
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Layers in
Oudemans crater wall, as seen by HiRISE. Click on image to see many fine layers in wall.
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Hoffman, Nick; White Mars: A New Model for Mars’ Surface and
Atmosphere Based on CO
184:
rift system. It is approximately 90 km wide, indicating it was caused by a
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at 10.0 deg S, 92.1 deg W. This location puts it near the intersection of
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102:
152:, approximately 90 kilometers in diameter, named after Dutch astronomer
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Oudemans crater central peak, rendering from HiRISE data
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1106:Martian meteorites found on Earth
3831:
154:Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans
118:Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans
1:
3875:
3854:Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle
525:Mare Australe (South Pole)
170:Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle
2588:Eagle (Acidalia Planitia)
1165:
1154:
888:Classical albedo features
614:
601:
320:
309:
31:Oudemans crater based on
24:
2593:Eagle (Meridiani Planum)
1067:Meteorites found on Mars
530:Mare Boreum (North Pole)
243:; Academic Press; 2000.
3859:Impact craters on Mars
655:Concentric crater fill
138:
130:
798:Swiss cheese features
168:It is located in the
136:
128:
2225:Angustus Labyrinthus
828:discovery chronology
773:Scalloped topography
727:Lineated valley fill
2180:Deuteronilus Mensae
1508:Syrtis Major Planum
1324:Syrtis Major Planum
873:Observation history
733:Lobate debris apron
205:(21.2°S, 290.7°E),
70: /
21:
3606:Teisserenc de Bort
2230:Noctis Labyrinthus
2210:Nilokeras Scopulus
540:Margaritifer Sinus
174:Noctis Labyrinthus
139:
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2258:Tithoniae Catenae
2195:Protonilus Mensae
2190:Nilosyrtis Mensae
2080:Hephaestus Fossae
1453:Eridania Planitia
1423:Amazonis Planitia
1413:Acidalia Planitia
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1111:Balsaltic Breccia
813:Upper plains unit
803:Terrain softening
763:Ring mold craters
738:North Polar Basin
660:Dark slope streak
597:
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422:Vastitas Borealis
362:Hyperboreae Undae
123:
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2145:Tithonium Fossae
2055:Ceraunius Fossae
1671:Tithonium Chasma
1483:Meridiani Planum
1448:Elysium Planitia
1428:Arcadia Planitia
1386:Ceraunius Tholus
1207:Apollinaris Mons
1167:
1156:
1087:Meridiani Planum
753:Outflow channels
743:Ocean hypothesis
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2135:Tantalus Fossae
2120:Olympica Fossae
2110:Memnonia Fossae
2100:Mareotis Fossae
2090:Labeatis Fossae
2060:Cerberus Fossae
2050:Amenthes Fossae
2036:
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1656:Juventae Chasma
1636:Hydraotes Chaos
1591:Coprates Chasma
1546:
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1513:Utopia Planitia
1493:Planum Australe
1473:Isidis Planitia
1463:Hesperia Planum
1458:Hellas Planitia
1443:Daedalia Planum
1438:Chryse Planitia
1433:Argyre Planitia
1404:
1397:
1334:Tartarus Montes
1329:Tartarus Colles
1309:Nereidum Montes
1242:Charitum Montes
1237:Centauri Montes
1212:Ariadnes Colles
1192:Acidalia Colles
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1082:Mackinac Island
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818:Valley networks
712:Inverted relief
687:Fretted terrain
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565:Phoenicis Lacus
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392:Sinus Meridiani
377:Planum Australe
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96:Phoenicis Lacus
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2253:Artynia Catena
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2205:Claritas Rupes
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2175:Cydonia Mensae
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2155:Ulysses Fossae
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2150:Tractus Fossae
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2130:Sirenum Fossae
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2105:Medusae Fossae
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1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1678:List of valles
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1631:Hydaspis Chaos
1628:
1623:
1621:Gorgonum Chaos
1618:
1613:
1611:Galaxias Chaos
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1586:Chasma Boreale
1583:
1578:
1573:
1571:Atlantis Chaos
1568:
1566:Aromatum Chaos
1563:
1561:Arsia Chasmata
1558:
1552:
1550:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1533:Pityusa Patera
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1391:Uranius Tholus
1388:
1383:
1373:
1371:Ulysses Tholus
1368:
1366:Tyrrhenus Mons
1363:
1361:Tharsis Tholus
1358:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1339:Tharsis Montes
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1319:Phlegra Montes
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1284:Hadriacus Mons
1281:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1267:Hecates Tholus
1264:
1259:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1227:Avernus Colles
1224:
1222:Ausonia Montes
1219:
1217:Astapus Colles
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1182:list by height
1179:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1097:Shelter Island
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
987:
986:
985:
980:
975:
962:
961:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
938:Jake Matijevic
935:
930:
925:
920:
918:Bathurst Inlet
906:
904:
896:
895:
893:
892:
891:
890:
885:
870:
865:
860:
855:
849:
847:
841:
840:
838:
837:
832:
831:
830:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
778:Seasonal flows
775:
770:
768:Rootless cones
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
683:
682:
677:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
626:
624:
612:
611:
606:
599:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
588:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
535:Mare Tyrrhenum
532:
527:
522:
520:Mare Acidalium
517:
512:
510:Ismenius Lacus
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
436:
434:
428:
427:
425:
424:
419:
414:
409:
407:Terra Cimmeria
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
337:Aspledon Undae
334:
328:
326:
318:
317:
314:
307:
306:
293:
291:
290:
283:
276:
268:
260:
259:
245:
240:
232:
222:
221:
219:
216:
191:carbon dioxide
161:
158:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
105:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
54:
48:
47:
44:
38:
37:
35:day-time image
30:
16:Crater on Mars
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3871:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3839:
3829:
3825:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2804:Sleepy Hollow
2802:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:Olympus Rupes
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Ausonia Mensa
2163:
2161:
2160:Aeolis Mensae
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:Mangala Fossa
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2085:Icaria Fossae
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:Ganges Chasma
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1581:Candor Chasma
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1528:Peneus Patera
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1498:Planum Boreum
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:Icaria Planum
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1400:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1376:Uranius group
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:Hellas Montes
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1279:Galaxius Mons
1277:
1275:
1274:Erebus Montes
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:Biblis Tholus
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1153:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1092:Oileán Ruaidh
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1001:
999:
998:Barnacle Bill
996:
995:
994:
992:
988:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
969:
967:
963:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
914:
912:
908:
907:
905:
903:
897:
889:
886:
883:
879:
876:
875:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
848:
846:
842:
836:
833:
829:
826:
825:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
748:Ore resources
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
681:
678:
676:
673:
672:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
640:Chaos terrain
638:
636:
633:
631:
630:Brain terrain
628:
627:
625:
623:
617:
613:
609:
604:
600:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
570:Sinus Sabaeus
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
435:
433:
429:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
382:Planum Boreum
380:
378:
375:
373:
372:Olympia Undae
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
357:Eridania Lake
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
327:
323:
319:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
289:
284:
282:
277:
275:
270:
269:
266:
257:
252:
250:
246:
236:
233:
227:
224:
217:
215:
212:
208:
204:
198:
194:
192:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
159:
157:
156:(1827–1906).
155:
151:
147:
143:
135:
127:
119:
116:
114:
110:
106:
104:
100:
97:
94:
92:
88:
83:
74:10.0°S 91.9°W
55:
53:
49:
45:
43:
39:
34:
28:
23:
3838:Solar System
3501:Schiaparelli
3446:Robert Sharp
3290:
3286:Orson Welles
2583:Du Martheray
2473:Chryse Alien
2468:Chincoteague
2308:Arkhangelsky
2220:Rupes Tenuis
2185:Ganges Mensa
2140:Tempe Fossae
2070:Cyane Fossae
2065:Coloe Fossae
1743:Green Valley
1666:Ophir Chasma
1661:Melas Chasma
1626:Hebes Chasma
1596:Echus Chasma
1576:Aureum Chaos
1523:Orcus Patera
1503:Syria Planum
1478:Lunae Planum
1418:Aeolis Palus
1381:Uranius Mons
1314:Olympus Mons
1299:Libya Montes
1294:Jovis Tholus
1262:Albor Tholus
1257:Elysium Mons
1247:Echus Montes
1202:Anseris Mons
1126:Shergottites
1116:Chassignites
1072:Block Island
1010:
990:
965:
910:
575:Syrtis Major
412:Terra Sabaea
367:Ogygis Undae
342:Arabia Terra
332:Abalos Undae
235:
226:
199:
197:the region.
195:
167:
163:
141:
140:
79:-10.0; -91.9
3718:Vinogradsky
3676:Tycho Brahe
3626:Tikhonravov
3561:Spallanzani
3491:Santa Maria
3451:Roddenberry
2670:Flaugergues
2200:Sacra Mensa
2170:Capri Mensa
2115:Nili Fossae
1646:Ister Chaos
1518:Eden Patera
1488:Oxia Planum
1304:Mount Sharp
1077:Heat Shield
1033:Pot of Gold
983:Last Chance
966:Opportunity
868:Volcanology
702:Groundwater
680:Nili Patera
670:Dune fields
650:Composition
560:Phaethontis
515:Lunae Palus
432:Quadrangles
402:Tempe Terra
397:Siton Undae
387:Quadrangles
315:Cartography
160:Description
77: /
52:Coordinates
3848:Categories
3783:Wislicenus
3738:Von Kármán
3713:Vinogradov
3706:Cape Verde
3541:Sklodowska
3496:Schaeberle
3476:Rutherford
3436:Richardson
3381:Ptolemaeus
3316:Perepelkin
3231:Montevallo
3226:Molesworth
3196:Milankovic
3171:McLaughlin
3121:Magelhaens
3046:Le Verrier
2871:Hipparchus
2665:Flammarion
2598:Eberswalde
2493:Copernicus
2408:Bonneville
2388:Boeddicker
2348:Barabashov
2125:Oti Fossae
2042:labyrinthi
1955:Shalbatana
1758:Her Desher
1651:Ius Chasma
1641:Iani Chaos
1606:Eos Chasma
1556:Aram Chaos
1160:Topography
1023:Home Plate
1018:Adirondack
978:El Capitan
953:Rocknest 3
923:Coronation
758:Polar caps
722:Lava tubes
635:Carbonates
555:Oxia Palus
218:References
178:Ius Chasma
91:Quadrangle
3651:Trouvelot
3391:Quenisset
3371:Priestley
3341:Pickering
3311:Penticton
3301:Pangboche
3266:Nicholson
3201:Millochau
3091:Lomonosov
2921:Ibragimov
2856:Helmholtz
2841:Heaviside
2831:Hargraves
2755:Grindavik
2640:Escalante
2630:Endurance
2618:Endeavour
2613:Emma Dean
2608:Ejriksson
2533:Danielson
2513:Crommelin
2423:Burroughs
2403:Bonestell
2383:Bianchini
2363:Becquerel
2328:Bakhuysen
2313:Arrhenius
2293:Antoniadi
1950:Scamander
1848:Marineris
1768:Huo Hsing
1748:Harmakhis
1703:Athabasca
1601:Eos Chaos
1197:Alba Mons
1176:volcanoes
1171:Mountains
1121:Nakhlites
991:Sojourner
911:Curiosity
858:Hesperian
853:Amazonian
788:Spherules
665:Dichotomy
585:Thaumasia
295:Geography
186:meteorite
3768:Williams
3758:Weinbaum
3728:Vishniac
3701:Victoria
3666:Trumpler
3641:Tombaugh
3636:Timbuktu
3521:Sharonov
3516:Semeykin
3431:Reynolds
3421:Renaudot
3411:Rayleigh
3346:Playfair
3336:Phillips
3321:Peridier
3291:Oudemans
3211:Miyamoto
3161:Masursky
3071:Llanesco
3066:Liu Hsin
3031:Lampland
3016:Kunowsky
2866:Herschel
2851:Heinlein
2735:Gledhill
2700:Galdakao
2685:Fournier
2655:Fesenkov
2573:Douglass
2568:Dinorwic
2528:Da Vinci
2488:Columbus
2483:Coblentz
2433:Campbell
2413:Brashear
1910:Patapsco
1738:Granicus
1405:plateaus
1344:Ascraeus
1058:Monolith
948:Rocknest
928:Goulburn
902:observed
863:Noachian
835:Yardangs
697:Glaciers
622:features
545:Memnonia
495:Eridania
480:Coprates
475:Cebrenia
450:Amenthes
445:Amazonis
347:Cerberus
176:and the
142:Oudemans
107:124.0 km
103:Diameter
20:Oudemans
3773:Winslow
3753:Wegener
3748:Wallace
3681:Tyndall
3671:Tugaske
3646:Tooting
3546:Slipher
3506:Schmidt
3471:Russell
3441:Ritchey
3376:Proctor
3351:Pollack
3306:Pasteur
3276:Nipigon
3271:Niesten
3206:Mitchel
3181:Mellish
3176:McMurdo
3166:Maunder
3146:Mariner
3141:Maraldi
3136:Mandora
3126:Maggini
3076:Lockyer
3036:Lassell
3021:Lambert
3001:Korolev
2981:Kinkora
2931:Janssen
2911:Huygens
2891:Huggins
2846:Heimdal
2836:Hartwig
2816:Haldane
2792:Husband
2775:Grissom
2770:Chaffee
2725:Gilbert
2695:Freedom
2680:Fontana
2660:Firsoff
2645:Eudoxus
2578:Dromore
2558:Denning
2508:Crivitz
2463:Chapais
2453:Cerulli
2443:Cassini
2418:Briault
2378:Bernard
2353:Barnard
2343:Bamberg
2338:Baltisk
2323:Bacolor
2298:Arandas
2273:Agassiz
2245:craters
2240:Catenae
2017:Warrego
1940:Sabrina
1880:Naktong
1843:Mangala
1823:Maʼadim
1773:Hypanis
1728:Enipeus
1718:Buvinda
1708:Auqakuh
1548:valleys
1543:Canyons
1403:Plains,
1349:Pavonis
1252:Elysium
1043:Big Joe
1039:Viking
958:Tintina
845:History
793:Surface
707:Gullies
692:Geysers
620:Surface
608:Geology
580:Tharsis
550:Noachis
505:Iapygia
490:Elysium
485:Diacria
460:Arcadia
417:Tharsis
352:Cydonia
325:Regions
299:geology
211:Tharsis
207:Mazamba
180:of the
65:91°54′W
62:10°00′S
3824:Portal
3788:Wright
3743:Vostok
3723:Virrat
3691:Vernal
3631:Tikhov
3601:Taytay
3596:Tarsus
3581:Stoney
3576:Stokes
3566:Srīpur
3531:Sinton
3511:Secchi
3486:Saheki
3466:Rudaux
3461:Rossby
3361:Porter
3331:Pettit
3326:Persbo
3296:Palana
3256:Newton
3251:Nereus
3246:Nansen
3241:Müller
3236:Moreux
3221:Mojave
3216:Mohawk
3186:Mendel
3116:Mädler
3101:Lowell
3051:Li Fan
3026:Lamont
3011:Kuiper
2991:Knobel
2986:Kipini
2976:Kepler
2971:Keeler
2966:Kaiser
2946:Jezero
2926:Inuvik
2906:Huxley
2901:Hutton
2896:Hussey
2881:Holmes
2876:Holden
2826:Halley
2811:Hadley
2797:McCool
2650:Fenagh
2635:Erebus
2553:Dejnev
2543:Davies
2538:Darwin
2448:Caxias
2428:Burton
2358:Beagle
2333:Baldet
2318:Asimov
2283:Airy-0
2033:mensae
2029:Fossae
1980:Tinjar
1945:Samara
1920:Rahway
1905:Paraná
1895:Nirgal
1885:Nanedi
1870:Mawrth
1865:Maumee
1838:Mamers
1818:Louros
1778:Iberus
1753:Hebrus
1733:Frento
1713:Bahram
1698:Asopus
1049:Other
1011:Spirit
973:Bounce
933:Hottah
878:Canals
808:Tholus
500:Hellas
470:Casius
465:Argyre
455:Arabia
440:Aeolis
203:Martin
146:crater
113:Eponym
42:Planet
33:THEMIS
3803:Zunil
3798:Zumba
3778:Wirtz
3763:Wells
3733:Vogel
3686:Udzha
3621:Thira
3616:Thila
3611:Terby
3591:Suzhi
3586:Suess
3571:Steno
3556:South
3551:Smith
3536:Sitka
3481:Sagan
3426:Reuyl
3401:Radau
3386:Puńsk
3366:Porth
3356:Poona
3261:Nhill
3156:Martz
3151:Marth
3106:Lyell
3096:Louth
3086:Lohse
3061:Lipik
3056:Liais
3006:Kufra
2961:Jones
2951:Jezža
2941:Jeans
2886:Hooke
2861:Henry
2780:White
2760:Gusev
2750:Green
2745:Graff
2715:Garni
2710:Galle
2675:Focas
2603:Eddie
2563:Dilly
2548:Dawes
2523:Curie
2518:Cruls
2503:Crewe
2498:Corby
2478:Clark
2458:Chafe
2438:Canso
2288:Aniak
2268:Adams
2038:rupes
2012:Verde
2007:Vedra
1995:Uzboi
1990:Tyras
1975:Tinia
1970:Tader
1965:Stura
1960:Simud
1935:Sabis
1930:Reull
1915:Peace
1900:Padus
1890:Niger
1875:Minio
1860:Marte
1853:Labes
1813:Licus
1808:Lethe
1803:Ladon
1798:Labou
1793:Kasei
1788:Ituxi
1783:Indus
1693:Arnus
1683:Apsus
1354:Arsia
1131:Other
1013:rover
993:rover
968:rover
913:rover
900:Rocks
823:Water
729:(LVF)
717:Lakes
675:Hagal
645:Color
144:is a
3793:Yuty
3696:Very
3661:Trud
3656:Troy
3526:Sibu
3456:Ross
3416:Redi
3406:Rahe
3396:Rabe
3281:Onon
3131:Main
3111:Lyot
2996:Koga
2956:Joly
2916:Iazu
2821:Hale
2740:Gold
2730:Gill
2720:Gasa
2705:Gale
2690:Fram
2398:Bond
2373:Belz
2368:Beer
2303:Argo
2278:Airy
1925:Ravi
1833:Maja
1763:Hrad
1688:Ares
1136:List
1053:Face
1028:Mimi
1003:Yogi
943:Link
882:list
783:Soil
303:Mars
297:and
150:Mars
46:Mars
3191:Mie
3081:Lod
3041:Lau
2393:Bok
2000:ULM
1985:Tiu
1828:Mad
1723:Dao
301:of
148:on
3850::
2040:,
2031:,
248:^
3826::
2242:,
2035:,
1545:,
1184:)
1180:(
1173:,
884:)
880:(
287:e
280:t
273:v
241:2
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