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pounce bag, marking the outlines of the figures or objects. Using oil paints, artists would use large brushes to paint the image. Once the panels were installed using hydraulic cranes, artists would go up on the installed billboard and touch up the edges between panels. These large, painted billboards were especially popular in Los
Angeles where historic firms such as Foster & Kleiser and Pacific Outdoor Advertising dominated the industry. Eventually, these painted billboards gave way to graphic reproduction, but hand-painted billboards are still in use in some areas where only a single board or two is required. The "
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692:, was essentially built around the many thousands of customers per day those billboards brought in (20,000 in 1981). Some signs were placed at great distances, with slogans such as "Only 827 miles to Wall Drug, with FREE ice water." In some areas the signs were so dense that one almost immediately followed the last. This situation changed after the
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931:(COMB) was formed in 1965 as a non-profit organization independently operated by representatives composed of advertisers, advertising agencies, and members of the Canadian out-of-home advertising industry. COMB is charged with the verification of traffic circulation for the benefit of the industry and its users.
460:, Brazil instituted a billboard ban because there were no viable regulations of the billboard industry. Today, São Paulo is working with outdoor companies to rebuild the outdoor infrastructure in a way that will reflect the vibrant business climate of the city while adopting good regulations to control growth.
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In Sweden, there is a general ban against billboards within the road area (typically the road plus ditch), except for standardized signs such as gas stations, restaurants, or hotels. But there is no ban against them outside the road if the landowner approves. Many farmers along major routes earn some
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Some of the most prominent billboards are alongside highways; since passing drivers typically have little to occupy their attention, the impact of the billboard is greater. Billboards are often drivers' primary method of finding lodging, food, and fuel on unfamiliar highways. There were approximately
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Farmer Al
Hamilton first started the board during the Johnson era, when the government was trying to make him remove his billboards along Interstate 5. He had erected the signs after he lost a legal battle to prevent the building of the freeway across his land. Numerous legal and illegal attempts to
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use them to communicate with the public. In 1999 an anonymous person created the God Speaks billboard campaign in
Florida "to get people thinking about God", with witty statements signed by God. "Don't make me come down there", "We need to talk" and "Tell the children that I love them" were parts of
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was signed into law. The act applied only to "Federal Aid
Primary" and "Defense" highways and limited billboards to commercial and industrial zones created by states and municipalities. It required each state to set standards based on "customary use" for the size, lighting, and spacing of billboards
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The largest ordinary-sized billboards are located primarily on major highways, expressways, or principal arterials, and command high-density consumer exposure (mostly to vehicular traffic). These afford the greatest visibility due not only to their size, but because they allow creative "customizing"
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Likely the best-known of the tobacco advertising boards were those for "Mail Pouch" chewing tobacco in the United States during the first half of the 20th century (pictured at left). The company agreed to paint two or three sides of a farmer's barn any color he chose in exchange for painting their
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considered relaxing this law to allow more outdoor advertising. An
Inquiry into billboards received a record 166 submissions, with only 6 respondents supporting allowing more advertising in the Territory. The other submissions supported the current laws, or pointed to shortcomings and loopholes of
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Unlike a typical billboard, mobile billboards are able to go directly to their target audience. They can be placed wherever there is heavy foot traffic due to an event – including convention centers, train stations, airports, and sports arenas. They can repeat routes, ensuring that an advertiser's
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shows varying imagery and text created with computer programs and software. Digital billboards can be designed to display running text, have several different displays from the same company, or provide several companies with a certain time slot during the day. Flexible and real-time scheduling can
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and tobacco, according to the
Detroit Free Press. This is particularly true in countries where tobacco advertisements are not allowed in other media. For example, in the US, tobacco advertising was banned on radio and television in 1971, leaving billboards and magazines as some of the last places
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The most comprehensive review of the literature to date by the Centre for
Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q) (Australia) found that crash risk increases by approximately 25-29% in the presence of digital roadside advertising signs (digital billboard) compared to control areas.
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Billboard advertisements are designed to catch a person's attention and create a memorable impression very quickly, leaving the reader thinking about the advertisement after they have driven past it. They have to be readable in a very short time because they are usually read while being passed at
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Outdoor advertising, such as a mobile billboard, is effective because it is difficult to ignore. According to a UK national survey, it is also memorable. Capitol
Communications Group found that 81.7% of those polled recalled images they saw on a moving multi-image sign. This is compared to a 19%
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Almost all these billboards were painted in large studios. The image was projected on the series of paper panels that made up the billboard. Line drawings were done, then traced with a pounce wheel that created perforated lines. The patterns were then "pounced" onto the board with a chalk-filled
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Inc. (TAB) was established in 1933 as a non-profit organization whose historical mission has been to audit the circulation of out-of-home media in the United States. TAB's role has expanded to lead and support other major out-of-home industry research initiatives. Governed by a tripartite board
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in New York City is a good example. Because of the lack of space in cities, these billboards are placed on the sides of buildings and sometimes are free-standing billboards hanging above buildings. Billboards on the sides of buildings create different stylistic opportunities, with artwork that
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450,000 billboards on US highways in 1991. Somewhere between 5,000 and 15,000 are erected each year. Current numbers are put at 368,263, according to the OAAA (Outdoor
Advertising Association of America). In Europe billboards are a major component and source of income in urban
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Some billboard designs spill outside the actual space given to them by the billboard, with parts of figures hanging off the billboard edges or jutting out of the billboard in three dimensions. An example in the United States around the turn of the 21st century was the
276:, London. Traditional billboards consist of a large format advertisement printed on a resistant material such as vinyl; this is placed on a large metal structure, which makes it one of the media with the most visibility and high impact within the advertising field.
453:, the city embarked on a successful four-year project demolishing the majority of rooftop billboards to beautify the city, overcoming resistance from advertisers and building owners. Most of these billboards were illegal but had been ignored until then.
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have complained that billboards on highways cause excessive clearing of trees and intrude on the surrounding landscape, with billboards' bright colors, lights, and large fonts making it difficult to focus on anything else, making them a form of
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advertisement on one or two sides of the structure facing the road. The company has long since abandoned this form of advertising, and none of these advertisements have been painted in many years, but some remain visible on rural highways.
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are the other common form of billboard advertising, located mostly along primary and secondary arterial roads. Posters are in a smaller format and are viewed principally by residents and commuter traffic, with some pedestrian exposure.
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There is an emerging trend in the literature suggesting that roadside advertising signs can increase crash risk, particularly for those signs that have the capacity to frequently change (often referred to as digital billboards).
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and prohibited city and state governments from removing billboards without paying compensation to the owner. The act requires states to maintain "effective control" of billboards or lose 10% of their federal highway dollars.
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Billboard advertising in underground stations, especially, is perhaps a place where they find a greater degree of acceptability and may assist in maintaining a neat, vibrant, and safe atmosphere if not too distracting.
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Other groups believe that billboards and advertising contribute negatively to the mental climate of a culture by promoting products as providing feelings of completeness, wellness, and popularity to motivate purchase.
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Billboards may be multi-purpose. An advertising sign can integrate its main purpose with a telecommunications antenna or public lighting support. Usually, the structure has a steel pole with a coupling
342:, depicts a basketball player aiming a shot on one billboard; on the next one, 90 yards (82 meters) away, is the basket. Another example is the numerous billboards advertising the roadside attraction
146:. The sign depicted a giant cube of beef being pierced by a large fork that extended to the ground. The scents were emitted between 7–10 A.M. and 4–7 P.M. from 28 May 2010 through 18 June 2010.
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2007 – The industry adopted one-sheet plastic poster replacement for paper poster billboards and began the phase-out of PVC flexible vinyl, replacing it with eco-plastics such as polyethylene.
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composed of advertisers, agencies, and media companies, the TAB acts as an independent auditor for traffic circulation in accordance with guidelines established by its board of directors.
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was passed; the proliferation of Wall Drug billboards is sometimes cited as one of the reasons the bill was passed. After the passage of the act, other states (such as Oregon) embarked on
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to ask her husband to create a law. At the same time, the outdoor advertising industry was becoming aware that excessive signs, some literally blocking another, were bad for business.
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tobacco could be advertised. Billboards made the news in
America when, in the tobacco settlement of 1999, all cigarette billboards were replaced with anti-smoking messages. In a
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was a movement that commenced in Australia and took direct action against primarily tobacco and alcohol billboards. Another focal point for this sentiment would be the magazine
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2016:
655:, a city of over 2 and a half million in Canada, a municipal tax on billboards was implemented in April 2010. A portion of the tax will help fund arts programs in the city.
648:, a province of Canada, billboards are restricted to 300m away from roadways, the government also retains the right to remove any billboard it deems an unsafe distraction.
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display three different messages, with three advertisements attached to a conveyor inside the billboard. There are also three-dimensional billboards, such as the ones at
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Non-commercial advertisement is used around the world by governments and non-profit organisations to obtain donations, volunteer support or change consumer behavior.
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on the above-fitted advertising billboard structure that can contain telecommunications antennas. The lighting, wiring, and antennas are placed inside the structure.
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123:), which had three-dimensional cow figures in the act of painting the billboards with misspelled anti-beef slogans such as "friends don't let friends eat beef."
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1872 – International Bill Posters Association of North America (now known as the Outdoor Advertising Association of America) established as a billboard-
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1202:, amongst other brands, advertised their cigarettes through increasingly indirect and obscure campaigns to a point where they became recognizable.
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A billboard mural (saying "Before the law, all people are equal") being fixed into place by a cooperative of artists along the approach road to
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Billboard with the Headline "Report: You Slept Through Your Alarm And This Is All A Dream" in the city of Chicago, from the satirical newspaper
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641:, Billboards and advertising on vehicles have been banned since January 2007. It also restricted the dimensions of advertising on shop fronts.
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Around major holidays, volunteer groups erected highway signs offering free coffee at rest stops. These were specifically exempted in the act.
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incorporates features of the building into the design, such as using windows as eyes, or for gigantic frescoes that adorn the entire building.
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on the sides of buildings, with limited but still appreciable commercial value. As eyeballs, roads and highways multiplied, the billboard
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the campaign, which was picked up by the Outdoor Advertising Association of America and continues today on billboards across the country.
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Many signs advertise local restaurants and shops in the coming miles and are crucial to drawing business in small towns. One example is
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advertisements between 1925 and 1963, which had 4- or 5-part messages on multiple signs, keeping the reader hooked by the promise of a
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2010 – The first "scented billboard", emitting odors similar to charcoal and black pepper to suggest a steak grilling, was erected in
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Billboards are also used to advertise national or global brands, particularly in more densely populated urban areas. According to the
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automobile was introduced in the U.S., increasing the number of people using highways and therefore the reach of roadside billboards.
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In 1964, the negative impact of the over-proliferation of signage was abundantly evident in Houston, Texas, US, and it motivated
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164:" in Los Angeles is one area where hand-painted billboards can still be found, usually to advertise upcoming films or albums.
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These sorts of multi-sign advertisements are no longer common, though they are not extinct. One example, advertising for the
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to passing pedestrians and drivers. Typically brands use billboards to build their brands or to push for their new products.
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1986 – Non-television advertising became restricted – non-television adverts could not show people smoking. This meant that
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high speeds. Thus there are usually only a few words, in large print, and a humorous or arresting image in brilliant color.
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in 1971 cited traffic safety and driver distraction as the reason for the billboard ban but was narrowly overturned by the
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Common along highways are free-standing two-sided as well as three-sided billboards. Other types of billboards include the
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When Alöys Senefelder (1771-1834) invented lithography in Bavaria in 1796, he intended it primarily for commercial usage .
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1854:"The impact of road advertising signs on driver behavior and implications for road safety: A critical systematic review"
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724:, Sydney has mounted restored 1940s billboard panels along the platforms that are in keeping with its heritage listing.
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decrease traditional upkeep and maintenance costs, and some billboards may measure audiences or serve dynamic content.
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had grown so thick with billboards that it was difficult to see its famous architecture. In preparation for the
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attached to the back of a bicycle or the mobile billboard, a special advertising trailer to hoist big banners.
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remove the Uncle Sam billboard have failed, and it is now in its third location. One message, attacking a
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A technical invention called "trivision" allowed three different images to be rotated for presentation.
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1964:"Government flags further review of billboard laws as Greens call for crackdown on illegal advertising"
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overturned a San Diego billboard ban, but left room open for other cities to ban commercial billboards.
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598:. To display an illegal advert (that is, without planning permission) is a criminal offense with a
1637:"Watch: How brands like Tanishq and Hyundai are shifting to 3D billboards and outdoor advertising"
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Many cities have high densities of billboards, especially where there is dense pedestrian traffic—
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530:, due to a 1937 ordinance that prohibited unauthorized signs on Commonwealth land. In 2017, the
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In 1862 the United Kingdom Billposting Association was formed with a membership of a hundred .
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1588:"Beck's creates 'playable-poster' for the musical campaign supporting New Zealand Music Month"
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792:, some billboards depicted cowboys riding on ranches with slogans like "Bob, I miss my lung."
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in Chicago. The format was quickly adopted for various types of advertising, especially for
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Oviedo-Trespalacios, Oscar; Truelove, Verity; Watson, Barry; Hinton, Jane A. (April 2019).
1710:"3D billboards are the best way to grab real-world attention - Predict what really matters"
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effects. A great example is how Spirit Halloween used a 3D or anamorphic effect for their
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836:. It features conservative, sometimes inflammatory messages, changed on a regular basis.
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companies, movie companies, car manufacturers and banks are high on the list as well.
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Currently, four states—Vermont, Alaska, Hawaii, and Maine—have prohibited billboards.
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206:; when touched, the posters begin to play sounds. Digital billboards can also employ
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Fashion Marketing and Communication: Theory and Practice Across the Fashion Industry
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in 1981, in part because it banned non-commercial as well as commercial billboards.
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2498:. Routledge Library Editions: Advertising (reprint ed.). Abingdon: Routledge.
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banned cigarette ads in television and radio, moving that business into billboards.
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Early 1900s – Poster-art schools were established in England, Austria, and Germany.
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The act also required the screening of junk yards adjacent to regulated highways.
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message is not only noticed but that information is retained through repetition.
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1835 – Jared Bell was making 9 × 6 posters for the circus in the U.S.
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688:, which in 1936 erected billboards advertising "free ice water". The town of
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2017:"Canberra billboard ban: New polling shows disapproval for relaxing of laws"
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Using digital billboards dynamically has come to be known as programmatic
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In the US, many cities enacted laws banning billboards as early as 1909 (
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was created from a revision of this article dated 26 May 2006
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1889 – The world's first 24-sheet billboard was displayed at the Paris
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1743:"What are 3D digital billboards for advertising? [5 Examples]"
1519:
Hand-Painted Billboards in the Age of Digital Ads | The New York Times
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1655:"Exhibiting the unimaginable: where will 3D billboards take us next?"
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The first "scented billboard", an outdoor sign emitting the odors of
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2455:(14 March 2017). "Drawing's Stepchild: Lithography and Caricature".
1209:, which eliminated billboard advertising of cigarettes in 52 states.
1692:"Dyson brings haircare products to life in first ever 3D billboard"
587:'s law went into effect upon its achievement of statehood in 1959.
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Not all billboards are used for advertising products and services—
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736:, the top billboard advertisers in the United States in 2017 were
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2384:"Freeway billboard barbs a sign of what free speech really means"
1728:"3D Billboard: What is it? Benefits & Usage of 3D Billboards"
1606:"Beer brand launches hi-tech playable posters for NZ Music Month"
437:
This is one of three contested billboards in the coastal zone of
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1933:
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1635:
Ambwani, Chitra Narayanan & Meenakshi Verma (24 July 2022).
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1862 – Formation of the United Kingdom Billposting Association.
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1761:"Billboard Advertising | Costs & Rental | BM Outdoor Media"
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A billboard for attachable paper ads near the market square in
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sign with digital time and temperature display on top of the
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1871 – Fredrick Walker designed one of the first art posters.
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
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Nash, Ogden. "Song of the Open Road" was first published in
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304:
An interesting use of billboards unique to highways was the
2458:
Another World: Nineteenth-Century Illustrated Print Culture
1561:"Getting The Most Out Of Programmatic Digital Out-Of-Home"
2270:
Trevision, Catherine; Wozniacka, Gosia (12 August 2007).
2215:
Ministry of Transportation - Province of British Columbia
2330:"ACS :: December Mixed Month for Tobacco Opponents"
2134:. No. 114. Wandsworth. October 2007. Archived from
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1955:
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1998 – The four major U.S. tobacco companies signed the
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in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large
2637:"The Master Settlement Agreement and Attorneys General"
963:
2421:. Mastering Fashion Management. Taylor & Francis.
2542:. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books. pp. 9–10.
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Early billboards basically displayed groups of large
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Panoramic view of Los Angeles looking north from the
1948:. Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly.
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advertising. Billboard posters can play audio using
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2663:"Scented billboard greets commuters in Mooresville"
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Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
1226:2010 – Augmented billboards were introduced in the
426:. Billboards have been criticized as an example of
2604:"High Court Strikes Down City Billboard Ordinance"
2183:
1887:"Why doesn't Canberra have billboard advertising?"
2303:Outdoor Advertising Association of America, Inc.
1810:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
2461:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 13.
1939:Standing Committee on Planning and Urban Renewal
1099:introduced its building-spanning billboard, the
775:Prior to 1999, billboards were a major venue of
441:that were cut down by an unknown vandal in 2013.
2492:Nelson, Richard; Sykes, Anthony (2 May 2013) .
2185:"Billboard ban in São Paulo angers advertisers"
399:
322:
1983:
1981:
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767:advertisement: a bit of Americana in southern
547:, as well a failure to enforce existing laws.
226:Mobile billboard in East Coast Park, Singapore
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2211:"Unauthorized Use or Occupation - Billboards"
2068:"Group Wants Wienermobile Banned From Hawaii"
952:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
887:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
630:have numerous convictions for such crimes.
535:the current laws, such as the allowance of
134:to suggest a grilled steak, was erected on
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921:Traffic Audit Bureau for Media Measurement
734:Outdoor Advertising Association of America
610:(per poster). All of the large UK outdoor
2641:National Association of Attorneys General
2538:Henderson, Sally; Landau, Robert (1981).
1869:
1741:Chatterjee, Shivangi (8 September 2022).
1531:Boone, Louis E.; Kurtz, David L. (2011).
990:Learn how and when to remove this message
907:Learn how and when to remove this message
2415:Mitterfellner, Olga (14 November 2019).
2361:. Juta and Company Limited. p. 71.
2077:. Honolulu. 24 July 2009. Archived from
1344:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
771:. Mail Pouch painted the barns for free.
590:In the UK, billboards are controlled as
2440:Flyposting from 15th century in Europe
2161:"Writing is on the wall for billboards"
1488:"Eau de marketing, with hint of pepper"
1457:
1117:billboards started to go up nationwide.
1057:1867 – Earliest known billboard rentals
95:through extensions and embellishments.
3731:Promotion and marketing communications
1246:The Citgo Sign, Kenmore Square, Boston
2355:Koekemoer, Ludi; Bird, Steve (2004).
2125:"Advertising giant given record fine"
1914:"ACT may relax its ban on billboards"
1173:was passed after much campaigning by
583:'s law went into effect in 1977, and
7:
2272:"Billboards pit beauty vs. business"
1673:"Celebratory 3D Illusion Billboards"
1110:made billboards lining the highways.
885:adding citations to reliable sources
2167:. 19 September 2007. Archived from
1962:Burgess, Katie (22 February 2018).
1943:"Inquiry Into Billboards, report 2"
1285:Piccadilly Circus illuminated signs
1207:Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement
1182:Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act
929:Canadian Outdoor Measurement Bureau
314:National Museum of American History
312:at the end. This example is in the
2569:New York State Journal of Medicine
2182:Rohter, Larry (12 December 2006).
1912:Burgess, Katie (25 January 2017).
406:Indeed, unless the billboards fall
25:
2563:Richmond, J. B. (December 1983).
2247:. 7 December 2009. Archived from
2245:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
2038:McCrea, Lynne (15 January 2008).
2015:Baker, Emily (18 February 2018).
1788:. Vol. 12 No. 8. (July 1951), 63.
1230:2010 in Berlin using Artvertiser.
579:'s law went into effect in 1927,
575:'s law went into effect in 1968,
522:Billboards are largely absent in
366:Visual and environmental concerns
231:retention rate for static signs.
2661:Miranda, Kristen (3 June 2010).
2241:"Toronto billboard tax approved"
1326:
1136:
943:
857:
3353:Party platforms (or manifestos)
2565:"Ending the cigarette pandemic"
1798:McFedries, Paul (22 May 2014).
1466:"Cambridge Dictionary Hoarding"
496:Varney & Green vs. Williams
212:Times Square billboard campaign
119:billboards (a chicken sandwich
66:Aden Adde International Airport
2109:. 29 July 2007. Archived from
1885:Fettes, James (19 June 2017).
1095:1919 – Japanese candy company
1082:, traveling shows, and movies.
637:, a city of twelve million in
408:I'll never see a tree at all.
402:I think that I shall never see
1:
2602:Barbash, Fred (3 July 1981).
779:; 10% of Michigan billboards
477:
3441:Rally 'round the flag effect
1641:www.thehindubusinessline.com
1610:The National Business Review
1486:Aronoff, Jen (3 June 2010).
1280:Paddy Power Cleeve Hill Sign
1223:to promote the sale of beef.
1154:Texas School Book Depository
1076:World's Columbian Exposition
532:Australian Capital Territory
404:A billboard lovely as a tree
379:- a state of affairs evoked
1290:Valdivieso advertising sign
1217:Mooresville, North Carolina
1189:United States Supreme Court
966:, discuss the issue on the
843:nearby liberal arts college
502:has made this difficult. A
140:Mooresville, North Carolina
3747:
2392:. Chehalis. Archived from
2382:Judd, Ron (2 April 2003).
1612:. May 2014. Archived from
1539:. Wiley. pp. 438–39.
1171:Highway Beautification Act
927:Similarly, in Canada, the
694:Highway Beautification Act
559:Highway Beautification Act
40:Billboard (disambiguation)
29:
2782:Manipulation (psychology)
1871:10.1016/j.tra.2019.01.012
474:Pacific Electric Building
2960:Criticism of advertising
2358:Marketing Communications
2040:"Billboard ban turns 40"
1800:"Stop, Attention Thief!"
1266:Monarch advertising sign
1160:, Dallas, Texas, facing
1029:was practiced in Europe.
545:political campaign signs
492:California Supreme Court
3622:Promotional merchandise
3333:Character assassination
3270:Narcotizing dysfunction
3144:Photograph manipulation
2857:Guerrilla communication
1747:Pickcel Digital Signage
1521:, Accessed 13 Nov. 2022
1441:Truckside advertisement
1411:Out-of-home advertising
1124:billboard was built in
832:is the privately owned
659:money from such signs.
318:Smithsonian Institution
3711:Advertising structures
3605:Product demonstrations
3034:Historical negationism
1493:The Charlotte Observer
1322:
1302:Listen to this article
1120:1960 – The mechanized
1074:and later at the 1893
1010:
813:
772:
711:
698:highway beautification
681:
483:
442:
411:
336:
293:
261:
227:
187:
68:
55:
38:. For other uses, see
30:For the magazine, see
3716:Advertising by medium
3537:Reputation management
3456:Psychological warfare
3305:Political campaigning
3114:Firehose of falsehood
2305:"Top OOH Advertisers"
2106:Portland Press Herald
2101:"Billboard ban a law"
1990:"Awfulising Canberra"
1537:Contemporary Business
1533:"Outdoor Advertising"
1321:
1228:Transmediale Festival
1005:
807:
777:cigarette advertising
763:
706:
676:A billboard frame in
675:
481: 1 January 1907
471:
445:In 2000, rooftops in
436:
287:
270:Mechanical billboards
259:
225:
178:
63:
48:
3572:Corporate propaganda
2045:Vermont Public Radio
2019:. The Canberra Times
1966:. The Canberra Times
1916:. The Canberra Times
1353:More spoken articles
1044:, which allowed the
1025:Late 15th century –
1008:Salt Lake City, Utah
972:create a new article
964:improve this article
881:improve this section
748:. A large number of
728:Big name advertisers
541:bus wrap advertising
464:Road safety concerns
451:2004 Summer Olympics
370:Many groups such as
32:Billboard (magazine)
3660:Media concentration
3532:Non-apology apology
3522:Cult of personality
3250:Emotive conjugation
3004:Burying of scholars
2495:Outdoor Advertising
2221:on 2 September 2014
1841:on 17 October 2003.
1730:. 12 December 2022.
1401:Marquee (structure)
1257:, Sydney, Australia
1251:Coca-Cola billboard
1221:Bloom grocery chain
1196:Benson & Hedges
834:Uncle Sam billboard
830:Olympia, Washington
822:government agencies
756:Tobacco advertising
391:'s oft-quoted poem
344:South of the Border
327:You'll soon see 'em
144:Bloom grocery chain
81:outdoor advertising
27:Advertising signage
3643:Influence-for-hire
3436:National mythology
3406:Crowd manipulation
3295:Tabloid journalism
3164:Video manipulation
3109:Fictitious entries
2832:Civil disobedience
2718:Media manipulation
2453:Mainardi, Patricia
2396:on 7 December 2010
2284:on 31 October 2007
2171:on 27 August 2008.
2165:Homes and Property
1371:Advertising column
1323:
1011:
814:
800:Non-commercial use
773:
712:
690:Wall, South Dakota
682:
518:Legal restrictions
506:law championed by
484:
443:
294:
262:
228:
188:
180:Digital billboards
69:
56:
34:. For charts, see
3698:
3697:
3464:Airborne leaflets
3343:Election promises
3197:Product placement
3072:Alternative facts
2812:Alternative media
2389:The Seattle Times
2113:on 18 April 2009.
1831:"Subtracting Ads"
1386:Digital billboard
1381:Billboard hacking
1376:Billboard bicycle
1366:Advertising board
1319:
1175:Lady Bird Johnson
1000:
999:
992:
974:, as appropriate.
917:
916:
909:
818:non-profit groups
781:advertise alcohol
552:Lady Bird Johnson
537:mobile billboards
526:'s capital city,
274:Piccadilly Circus
266:billboard bicycle
192:digital billboard
106:Advertising style
18:Outdoor billboard
16:(Redirected from
3738:
3726:Street furniture
3690:Media proprietor
3514:Public relations
3494:Public diplomacy
3479:Information (IT)
3358:Name recognition
2983:Media regulation
2965:Annoyance factor
2822:Call-out culture
2737:Crowd psychology
2711:
2704:
2697:
2688:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2435:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2336:on 13 April 2005
2332:. Archived from
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2280:. Archived from
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2217:. Archived from
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2187:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2141:on 20 March 2009
2140:
2129:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2048:. Colchester, VT
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1992:. Archived from
1985:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1941:(October 2017).
1935:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1891:Curious Canberra
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1837:. Archived from
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1690:Release, Press.
1687:
1681:
1680:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1496:. Archived from
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1462:
1446:Visual pollution
1436:Street furniture
1343:
1341:
1330:
1329:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1235:Notable examples
1162:Stemmons Freeway
1150:Hertz Rent A Car
1140:
1034:Alois Senefelder
1006:1908 billboard,
995:
988:
984:
981:
975:
947:
946:
939:
912:
905:
901:
898:
892:
861:
853:
646:British Columbia
482:
479:
377:visual pollution
354:in many states.
299:street furniture
36:Billboard charts
21:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3685:Media influence
3680:Media franchise
3665:Media democracy
3631:
3576:
3508:
3450:
3431:Loaded language
3382:
3299:
3216:
3168:
3058:
2987:
2969:
2896:
2837:Culture jamming
2786:
2720:
2715:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2608:Washington Post
2601:
2600:
2596:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2251:on 13 June 2019
2239:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2081:on 19 July 2011
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1996:on 28 June 2017
1987:
1986:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1919:
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1911:
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1883:
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1829:
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1797:
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1740:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1677:TrendHunter.com
1671:
1670:
1666:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1616:on 29 July 2020
1604:
1603:
1599:
1586:West, Gillian.
1585:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1567:. 22 March 2021
1559:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1431:Sales promotion
1396:Human billboard
1357:
1356:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1334:This audio file
1331:
1324:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1237:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1046:mass production
996:
985:
979:
976:
961:
948:
944:
937:
913:
902:
896:
893:
878:
862:
851:
802:
765:Mail Pouch Barn
758:
730:
717:
670:
665:
596:planning system
594:as part of the
520:
500:First Amendment
480:
466:
428:attention theft
424:culture jamming
410:
407:
405:
403:
368:
335:
332:
330:
328:
326:
325:Shaving brushes
282:
254:
241:
220:
173:
157:
152:
121:fast food chain
108:
75:(also called a
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3744:
3742:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3703:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3562:Understatement
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3426:Indoctrination
3423:
3418:
3413:
3411:Disinformation
3408:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3373:Smear campaign
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3290:Sensationalism
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3230:Agenda-setting
3226:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3104:False document
3101:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3009:Catch and kill
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
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2932:
2927:
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2912:
2906:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2842:Demonstrations
2839:
2834:
2829:
2827:Cancel culture
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2691:
2680:
2679:
2653:
2628:
2594:
2555:
2548:
2530:
2521:
2504:
2484:
2467:
2444:
2427:
2407:
2374:
2367:
2347:
2321:
2295:
2262:
2232:
2202:
2190:New York Times
2174:
2152:
2116:
2092:
2059:
2030:
2007:
1988:McAuley, Ian.
1977:
1951:
1927:
1904:
1893:. ABC Canberra
1877:
1844:
1822:
1790:
1777:
1752:
1733:
1719:
1701:
1682:
1664:
1646:
1627:
1597:
1578:
1552:
1545:
1523:
1511:
1500:on 5 June 2010
1478:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1346:
1332:
1325:
1313:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1268:
1263:
1261:Coca-Cola sign
1258:
1248:
1243:
1241:Hollywood Sign
1236:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1213:
1210:
1203:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1145:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1030:
998:
997:
958:of the subject
956:worldwide view
951:
949:
942:
936:
933:
915:
914:
865:
863:
856:
850:
847:
801:
798:
757:
754:
750:wireless phone
729:
726:
722:Museum Station
716:
713:
669:
666:
664:
661:
519:
516:
465:
462:
400:
372:Scenic America
367:
364:
331:In some museum
323:
281:
278:
253:
250:
240:
237:
219:
216:
204:conductive ink
172:
169:
156:
153:
151:
148:
107:
104:
89:advertisements
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3743:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3670:Media ecology
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3653:United States
3651:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3627:Telemarketing
3625:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
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3505:
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3500:
3497:
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3490:
3487:
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3477:
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3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
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3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:Fearmongering
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
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3329:
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3321:
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3308:
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3293:
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3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:False balance
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3212:Word of mouth
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
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3097:
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3061:
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3037:
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3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2999:Broadcast law
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2966:
2963:
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2905:
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2899:
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2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:Deplatforming
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
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2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2798:
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2789:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2752:False balance
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2719:
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2700:
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2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2556:
2551:
2549:0-87701-167-2
2545:
2541:
2540:Billboard Art
2534:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2507:
2505:9781136669378
2501:
2497:
2496:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2470:
2468:9780300219067
2464:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2430:
2428:9780429837166
2424:
2420:
2419:
2411:
2408:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2368:0-7021-6509-3
2364:
2360:
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2351:
2348:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2296:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2277:The Oregonian
2273:
2266:
2263:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2018:
2011:
2008:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1965:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1915:
1908:
1905:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1805:IEEE Spectrum
1801:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1766:
1765:bmoutdoor.com
1762:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1714:www.expoze.io
1711:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1696:www.zawya.com
1693:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1656:
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1647:
1642:
1638:
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1615:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1598:
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1589:
1582:
1579:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1546:9780470531297
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1499:
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1489:
1482:
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1201:
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1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1040:, introduced
1039:
1036:, working in
1035:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1004:
994:
991:
983:
980:December 2010
973:
969:
965:
959:
957:
950:
941:
940:
934:
932:
930:
925:
922:
911:
908:
900:
890:
886:
882:
876:
875:
871:
866:This section
864:
860:
855:
854:
848:
846:
844:
839:
835:
831:
826:
823:
819:
811:
806:
799:
797:
793:
791:
787:
782:
778:
770:
766:
762:
755:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
727:
725:
723:
714:
709:
708:ATB Financial
705:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
679:
674:
667:
662:
660:
656:
654:
649:
647:
642:
640:
636:
631:
629:
626:, Titan, and
625:
624:Clear Channel
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:In 1965, the
555:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
533:
529:
525:
517:
515:
513:
512:Supreme Court
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
475:
470:
463:
461:
459:
454:
452:
448:
440:
435:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:B.U.G.A. U.P.
409:
398:
396:
395:
390:
387:'s parody of
386:
382:
378:
373:
365:
363:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
334:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
291:
286:
279:
277:
275:
271:
267:
258:
251:
249:
247:
239:Multi-purpose
238:
236:
232:
224:
217:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
193:
185:
181:
177:
170:
168:
165:
163:
154:
149:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
112:
105:
103:
100:
96:
92:
90:
86:
85:billing board
83:structure (a
82:
78:
74:
67:
62:
58:
54:
53:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3675:Media ethics
3595:Door-to-door
3590:Cold calling
3567:Weasel words
3474:Fifth column
3368:Push polling
3318:Astroturfing
3280:Pseudo-event
3260:Infotainment
3235:Broadcasting
3154:Urban legend
3077:April Fools'
2950:Testimonials
2920:Infomercials
2909:
2747:Dumbing down
2683:
2670:. Retrieved
2667:www.wbtv.com
2666:
2656:
2644:. Retrieved
2640:
2631:
2619:. Retrieved
2607:
2597:
2575:(13): 1259.
2572:
2568:
2558:
2539:
2533:
2528:source: OAAA
2524:
2516:
2509:. Retrieved
2494:
2487:
2479:
2472:. Retrieved
2457:
2447:
2439:
2432:. Retrieved
2417:
2410:
2398:. Retrieved
2394:the original
2387:
2377:
2357:
2350:
2338:. Retrieved
2334:the original
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2308:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:the original
2275:
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2249:the original
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2219:the original
2214:
2205:
2193:. Retrieved
2189:
2177:
2169:the original
2164:
2155:
2143:. Retrieved
2136:the original
2131:
2119:
2111:the original
2104:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2079:the original
2071:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2043:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1994:the original
1968:. Retrieved
1918:. Retrieved
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1890:
1880:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1839:the original
1834:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1803:
1793:
1785:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1764:
1755:
1746:
1736:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:the original
1609:
1600:
1591:
1581:
1569:. Retrieved
1564:
1555:
1536:
1526:
1514:
1502:. Retrieved
1498:the original
1491:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1460:
1361:3D billboard
1271:Osborne bull
1158:Dealey Plaza
1012:
986:
977:
953:
926:
918:
903:
894:
879:Please help
867:
827:
815:
810:North Dakota
794:
790:Marlboro Man
774:
731:
718:
710:ad, Edmonton
683:
657:
650:
643:
632:
589:
570:
567:
564:
556:
549:
521:
495:
489:
485:
455:
444:
439:Humboldt Bay
412:
401:
393:
389:Joyce Kilmer
369:
359:Times Square
356:
337:
333:Burma-Shave
324:
303:
295:
263:
242:
233:
229:
197:
189:
186:, Manhattan.
184:Times Square
166:
162:Sunset Strip
158:
128:black pepper
125:
113:
109:
97:
93:
84:
76:
72:
70:
57:
50:
3547:Sound bites
3527:Doublespeak
3378:Wedge issue
3338:Dog whistle
3313:Advertising
3139:Lying press
3124:Gaslighting
2902:Advertising
2877:Occupations
2767:Obfuscation
2757:Half-truths
2672:10 November
2646:10 November
2621:10 November
2288:26 December
2225:18 February
2195:13 February
2075:Plattsburgh
1770:28 February
1273:figures in
1255:Kings Cross
1187:1981 – The
1180:1969 – The
1169:1965 – The
1122:Kani Doraku
1113:1936 – The
1108:Burma-Shave
1088:1908 – The
1048:of posters.
1042:lithography
812:, May 2004.
616:CBS Outdoor
612:advertisers
508:Pete Wilson
306:Burma-Shave
260:Three-sided
200:out-of-home
117:Chick-fil-A
3721:Billboards
3705:Categories
3648:Media bias
3504:Subversion
3469:False flag
3446:Techniques
3388:Propaganda
3348:Lawn signs
3328:Canvassing
3222:News media
2978:Censorship
2910:Billboards
2862:Hacktivism
2852:Grassroots
2777:Persuasion
2132:BrightSide
1835:Greece Now
1452:References
1391:Ghost sign
1349:Audio help
1340:2006-05-26
1072:Exposition
1027:Flyposting
897:April 2024
849:Governance
738:McDonald's
628:Primesight
498:) but the
385:Ogden Nash
348:Dillon, SC
329:On a shelf
301:concepts.
182:abound in
3610:Promotion
3489:Political
3396:Bandwagon
3323:Attack ad
3202:Publicity
3174:Marketing
3087:Fake news
3049:Religious
3044:Political
3024:Euphemism
3019:Cover-ups
3014:Corporate
2882:Petitions
2772:Orwellian
2742:Deception
2616:0190-8286
2581:0028-7628
1864:: 85–98.
1421:Publicity
1406:Neon sign
1156:in 1969,
1126:Dotonbori
1115:Wall Drug
1101:Glico Man
1021:thrived.
968:talk page
868:does not
828:South of
700:efforts.
686:Wall Drug
680:, England
635:São Paulo
606:2500 per
602:of up to
524:Australia
504:San Diego
458:São Paulo
456:In 2007,
420:AdBusters
310:punchline
292:, Finland
290:Seinäjoki
280:Placement
73:billboard
52:The Onion
3557:Transfer
3499:Sedition
3363:Negative
3275:Newspeak
3265:Managing
3207:Research
3182:Branding
3134:Literary
3099:Fakelore
3092:websites
3082:Deepfake
3039:Internet
2930:Modeling
2887:Protests
2867:Internet
2800:Advocacy
2792:Activism
2309:oaaa.org
1815:9 August
1659:The Drum
1592:The Drum
1471:26 April
1351: ·
1296:See also
1200:Silk Cut
1128:, Osaka.
1080:circuses
1065:lobbying
1019:business
962:You may
838:Chehalis
620:JCDecaux
614:such as
528:Canberra
350:, along
132:charcoal
77:hoarding
3636:Related
3615:Spaving
3600:Pricing
3542:Slogans
3484:Lawfare
3421:Framing
3401:Big lie
3192:Product
3187:Loyalty
3119:Forgery
3064:Hoaxing
2945:Slogans
2925:Mobiles
2817:Boycott
2725:Context
2589:6582366
2023:18 July
2000:18 July
1970:18 July
1920:18 July
1897:18 July
1571:23 July
1565:B&T
1338: (
1309:minutes
1219:by the
1106:1925 –
1090:Model T
1038:Bavaria
1032:1796 –
1015:posters
935:History
889:removed
874:sources
788:of the
715:Railway
678:Swindon
668:Highway
653:Toronto
608:offense
592:adverts
573:Vermont
381:pithily
316:at the
171:Digital
155:Painted
142:by the
99:Posters
3240:Circus
3149:Racial
2614:
2587:
2579:
2546:
2511:21 May
2502:
2474:21 May
2465:
2434:21 May
2425:
2400:8 June
2365:
2340:8 June
2314:10 May
2255:8 June
2145:1 July
2085:8 June
2052:8 June
1786:Argosy
1620:30 May
1543:
1504:8 June
1426:Rotulo
1416:Poster
1067:group.
786:parody
663:Usages
639:Brazil
585:Alaska
577:Hawaii
447:Athens
246:flange
218:Mobile
136:NC 150
3582:Sales
3285:Scrum
3245:Cycle
3159:Virus
3029:Films
2994:Books
2935:Radio
2915:False
2892:Youth
2872:Media
2805:group
2762:Media
2139:(PDF)
2128:(PDF)
1946:(PDF)
1275:Spain
1097:Glico
970:, or
746:GEICO
742:Apple
581:Maine
394:Trees
346:near
252:Other
150:Types
138:near
3552:Spin
3129:List
3054:Self
2732:Bias
2674:2023
2648:2023
2623:2023
2612:ISSN
2585:PMID
2577:ISSN
2544:ISBN
2513:2023
2500:ISBN
2476:2023
2463:ISBN
2436:2023
2423:ISBN
2402:2010
2363:ISBN
2342:2004
2316:2018
2290:2007
2257:2010
2227:2015
2197:2013
2147:2008
2087:2010
2073:WPTZ
2054:2010
2025:2018
2002:2018
1972:2018
1922:2018
1899:2018
1817:2021
1772:2022
1622:2014
1573:2021
1541:ISBN
1506:2010
1473:2024
1198:and
919:The
872:any
870:cite
820:and
769:Ohio
744:and
600:fine
543:and
352:I-95
340:NCAA
130:and
2940:Sex
1866:doi
1862:122
1253:in
883:by
651:In
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