38:
1821:
1831:
414:
Bacterial outer membrane proteins typically have a unique beta barrel structure that spans the membrane. The beta barrels fold to expose a hydrophobic surface before their insertion into the outer membrane. Beta barrels vary in sequence and size that ranges from 8 to 36 beta strands. A subset of OMPs
511:. Lipid A is very pathogenic and not immunogenic. However, the polysaccharide component is very immunogenic, but not pathogenic, causing an aggressive response by the immune system. The sufferer will have a high temperature and respiration rate and a low blood pressure. This may lead to
487:
LptC is required for the translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the inner membrane to the outer membrane. LptE forms a complex with LptD, which is involved in the assembly of LPS in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane and is essential for envelope biogenesis.
415:
have a perisplasmic or an extracellular link to their beta barrel structure. An outer membrane protein is translocated across the inner membrane through ‘’Sec’’ machinery, and finally inserted to the outer membrane by the barrel assembly machinery complex.
722:
Knowles, Timothy J.; Scott-Tucker, Anthony; Overduin, Michael; Henderson, Ian R. (March 2009). "Membrane protein architects: the role of the BAM complex in outer membrane protein assembly".
381:
with key roles associated with bacterial cell structure and morphology; cell membrane homeostasis; the uptake of nutrients; protection of the cell from toxins including antibiotics; and
803:"The activity of a putative polyisoprenol-linked sugar translocase (Wzx) involved in Escherichia coli O antigen assembly is independent of the chemical structure of the O repeat"
433:
of the outer membrane requires that the individual components are transported from the site of synthesis to their final destination outside the inner membrane by crossing both
480:
blocks the LPS assembly pathway and results in very similar outer membrane biogenesis defects. Moreover, the location of at least one of these five proteins in every
280:
135:
390:
932:
Polissi A, Georgopoulos C (June 1996). "Mutational analysis and properties of the msbA gene of
Escherichia coli, coding for an essential ABC family transporter".
236:
224:
457:
MsbA that flips the lipid A-core moiety from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet of the inner membrane. O-antigen repeat units are then polymerised in the
453:
face of the inner membrane and are separately exported via two independent transport systems, namely, the O-antigen transporter Wzx (RfbX) and the
1527:
1267:
1084:"Functional analysis of the protein machinery required for transport of lipopolysaccharide to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli"
1888:
516:
1517:
1444:
476:
transport machinery is composed of LptA, LptB, LptC, LptD, LptE. This supported by the fact that depletion of any one of these
1641:
1372:
547:
1192:"Identification of an outer membrane protein required for the transport of lipopolysaccharide to the bacterial cell surface"
532:
300:
155:
1760:
552:
520:
1482:
977:"Function of Escherichia coli MsbA, an essential ABC family transporter, in lipid A and phospholipid biosynthesis"
1893:
1883:
1133:"Identification of a protein complex that assembles lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli"
419:
343:- among other things, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of many gram-negative bacteria includes a complex
1559:
1522:
1318:
288:
143:
441:
compartments. The machinery and the energy source that drive this process are not yet fully understood. The
1712:
1631:
1610:
1260:
360:
317:
1752:
1394:
1082:
Sperandeo P, Lau FK, Carpentieri A, De Castro C, Molinaro A, Deho G, Silhavy TJ, Polissi A (July 2008).
397:
515:, which may be fatal. The bacterial outer membrane is physiologically shed as the bounding membrane of
284:
139:
523:, implicated in translocation of gram-negative microbial biochemical signals to host or target cells.
1834:
1592:
1467:
1450:
1288:
1203:
1144:
1717:
1602:
1597:
1490:
1460:
1313:
1298:
1747:
1646:
1455:
1367:
1360:
957:
505:
501:
473:
344:
1824:
1687:
1653:
1620:
1477:
1472:
1430:
1377:
1253:
1231:
1172:
1113:
1057:
1008:
949:
914:
873:
824:
783:
704:
675:"Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins Are Targeted to the Bam Complex by Two Parallel Mechanisms"
652:
603:
275:
130:
31:
1043:
1539:
1415:
1350:
1221:
1211:
1162:
1152:
1103:
1095:
1047:
1039:
998:
988:
941:
904:
863:
855:
844:"An O-antigen processing function for Wzx (RfbX): a promising candidate for O-unit flippase"
814:
773:
765:
731:
694:
686:
642:
634:
593:
585:
481:
382:
378:
400:
and lipoproteins. The transmembrane proteins form channels or pores in the membrane called
267:
122:
1765:
1664:
1549:
1425:
1355:
1308:
454:
401:
366:
574:"Molecular mechanism of phospholipid transport at the bacterial outer membrane interface"
1207:
1148:
598:
573:
37:
1420:
1384:
1167:
1132:
1108:
1083:
1052:
1027:
945:
778:
753:
699:
674:
229:
17:
1226:
1191:
868:
843:
801:
Feldman MF, Marolda CL, Monteiro MA, Perry MB, Parodi AJ, Valvano MA (December 1999).
647:
622:
1877:
1774:
1659:
1615:
1587:
1578:
1568:
1544:
1440:
484:
suggests a model for how the LPS assembly pathway is organised and ordered in space.
356:
340:
325:
321:
961:
859:
638:
193:
71:
1804:
1789:
1669:
1410:
1328:
1276:
263:
118:
241:
217:
84:
1869:
1855:
205:
96:
1692:
1131:
Wu T, McCandlish AC, Gronenberg LS, Chng SS, Silhavy TJ, Kahne D (August 2006).
512:
438:
434:
769:
621:
van der Ley P, Heckels JE, Virji M, Hoogerhout P, Poolman JT (September 1991).
589:
389:
formation. There are a number of outer membrane proteins that are specifically
1799:
1784:
1702:
1435:
537:
462:
430:
407:
The outer membranes of a bacterium can contain a huge number of proteins. In
993:
976:
819:
802:
1794:
1625:
1583:
1495:
1389:
1216:
1157:
458:
450:
446:
348:
333:
329:
1235:
1176:
1117:
1061:
918:
909:
892:
828:
787:
708:
607:
1012:
953:
877:
690:
656:
1865:
1851:
1303:
1280:
1245:
339:
The composition of the outer membrane is distinct from that of the inner
200:
91:
1099:
735:
1733:
1697:
1333:
1003:
497:
477:
442:
386:
1779:
1534:
466:
295:
150:
1707:
975:
Zhou Z, White KA, Polissi A, Georgopoulos C, Raetz CR (May 1998).
542:
508:
396:
Outer membrane proteins consist of two major classes of protein -
1861:
1847:
257:
212:
188:
112:
78:
66:
1249:
623:"Topology of outer membrane porins in pathogenic Neisseria spp"
752:
Sun J, Rutherford ST, Silhavy TJ, Huang KC (April 2022).
1190:
Bos MP, Tefsen B, Geurtsen J, Tommassen J (June 2004).
1860:
This article incorporates text from the public domain
1846:
This article incorporates text from the public domain
893:"An Escherichia coli mutant defective in lipid export"
411:
for example there are around 500,000 in the membrane.
754:"Physical properties of the bacterial outer membrane"
1746:
1726:
1678:
1567:
1558:
1510:
1403:
1341:
1327:
1287:
465:and ligated to the lipid A-core moiety by the WaaL
332:, and an outer membrane (OM) that encapsulates the
294:
274:
256:
251:
235:
223:
211:
199:
187:
179:
174:
169:
149:
129:
111:
106:
90:
77:
65:
57:
52:
47:
519:in cultures, as well as in animal tissues at the
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
328:- an inner membrane (IM) that encapsulates the
27:Plasma membrane found in gram-negative bacteria
891:Doerrler WT, Reedy MC, Raetz CR (April 2001).
673:Wang X, Peterson JH, Bernstein HD (May 2021).
1261:
500:, part of the lipopolysaccharide, enters the
8:
1564:
1338:
1268:
1254:
1246:
248:
103:
1225:
1215:
1166:
1156:
1107:
1051:
1002:
992:
908:
867:
818:
777:
698:
646:
597:
504:it causes a toxic reaction by activating
48:Lipopolysaccharide-assembly, LptC-related
1044:10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135414
842:Liu D, Cole RA, Reeves PR (April 1996).
572:Yeow J, Luo M, Chng SS (December 2023).
404:, and actively pumping efflux channels.
41:Structure of gram-negative cell envelope
36:
564:
668:
666:
455:ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter
166:
44:
747:
745:
7:
1830:
449:repeat units are synthesized at the
385:including adhesins, exotoxins, and
946:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02642.x
320:. Gram-negative bacteria form two
25:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1518:Bacterial cellular morphologies
1028:"Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins"
860:10.1128/jb.178.7.2102-2107.1996
639:10.1128/IAI.59.9.2963-2971.1991
351:- and in some bacteria such as
347:whose lipid portion acts as an
1026:Raetz CR, Whitfield C (2002).
548:Outer membrane efflux proteins
1:
252:Available protein structures:
107:Available protein structures:
1196:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1137:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
553:Outer mitochondrial membrane
377:Outer membrane proteins are
369:can be found in this layer.
724:Nature Reviews Microbiology
355:it is linked to the cell's
170:Lipopolysaccharide-assembly
1910:
1859:
1845:
1761:Bacteria (classifications)
1483:Primary nutritional groups
770:10.1038/s41579-021-00638-0
590:10.1038/s41467-023-44144-8
417:
29:
1815:
533:Host–pathogen interaction
420:Phosphate-selective porin
341:cytoplasmic cell membrane
247:
102:
1889:Prokaryotic cell anatomy
1637:Bacterial outer membrane
994:10.1074/jbc.273.20.12466
820:10.1074/jbc.274.49.35129
314:bacterial outer membrane
30:Not to be confused with
1217:10.1073/pnas.0402340101
1158:10.1073/pnas.0604744103
521:host–pathogen interface
517:outer membrane vesicles
373:Outer membrane proteins
18:Outer membrane proteins
1632:Gram-negative bacteria
1611:Gram-positive bacteria
910:10.1074/jbc.C100091200
627:Infection and Immunity
398:transmembrane proteins
318:gram-negative bacteria
42:
1487:Substrate preference
691:10.1128/mBio.00597-21
492:Clinical significance
445:-core moiety and the
418:Further information:
40:
1468:Microbial metabolism
482:cellular compartment
1718:Non-motile bacteria
1314:Pathogenic bacteria
1208:2004PNAS..101.9417B
1149:2006PNAS..10311754W
1100:10.1128/JB.00270-08
736:10.1038/nrmicro2069
361:Braun's lipoprotein
1647:Lipopolysaccharide
1032:Annu. Rev. Biochem
506:toll like receptor
502:circulatory system
345:lipopolysaccharide
43:
1843:
1842:
1742:
1741:
1688:Bacterial capsule
1654:Periplasmic space
1621:Lipoteichoic acid
1506:
1505:
1478:Microbial ecology
1473:Nitrogen fixation
758:Nat Rev Microbiol
391:virulence-related
383:virulence factors
379:membrane proteins
310:
309:
306:
305:
301:structure summary
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:structure summary
32:Bacterial capsule
16:(Redirected from
1901:
1894:Protein families
1884:Membrane biology
1833:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1771:Former groupings
1565:
1416:Human microbiome
1339:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1247:
1240:
1239:
1229:
1219:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1170:
1160:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1111:
1079:
1066:
1065:
1055:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1006:
996:
987:(20): 12466–75.
972:
966:
965:
929:
923:
922:
912:
888:
882:
881:
871:
839:
833:
832:
822:
813:(49): 35129–38.
798:
792:
791:
781:
749:
740:
739:
719:
713:
712:
702:
670:
661:
660:
650:
618:
612:
611:
601:
569:
249:
167:
104:
45:
21:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1858:
1844:
1839:
1811:
1766:Bacterial phyla
1750:
1738:
1722:
1680:
1674:
1665:Arabinogalactan
1570:
1554:
1502:
1399:
1343:
1331:
1323:
1309:Lysogenic cycle
1290:
1283:
1274:
1244:
1243:
1202:(25): 9417–22.
1189:
1188:
1184:
1143:(31): 11754–9.
1130:
1129:
1125:
1081:
1080:
1069:
1025:
1024:
1020:
974:
973:
969:
931:
930:
926:
903:(15): 11461–4.
890:
889:
885:
841:
840:
836:
800:
799:
795:
751:
750:
743:
721:
720:
716:
672:
671:
664:
620:
619:
615:
571:
570:
566:
561:
529:
513:endotoxic shock
494:
427:
422:
375:
225:OPM superfamily
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1907:
1905:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1876:
1875:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1782:
1777:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1523:cell structure
1514:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1496:Saccharophilic
1493:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1385:Microaerophile
1382:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1182:
1123:
1094:(13): 4460–9.
1067:
1018:
967:
940:(6): 1221–33.
934:Mol. Microbiol
924:
883:
834:
793:
764:(4): 236–248.
741:
730:(3): 206–214.
714:
662:
633:(9): 2963–71.
613:
563:
562:
560:
557:
556:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
528:
525:
493:
490:
426:
423:
374:
371:
326:cell envelopes
322:lipid bilayers
308:
307:
304:
303:
298:
292:
291:
278:
272:
271:
261:
254:
253:
245:
244:
239:
233:
232:
227:
221:
220:
215:
209:
208:
203:
197:
196:
191:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
172:
171:
163:
162:
159:
158:
153:
147:
146:
133:
127:
126:
116:
109:
108:
100:
99:
94:
88:
87:
82:
75:
74:
69:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
50:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1906:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1836:
1828:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:Schizomycetes
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:Teichoic acid
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1588:Peptidoglycan
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:Cell membrane
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
986:
982:
981:J. Biol. Chem
978:
971:
968:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
928:
925:
920:
916:
911:
906:
902:
898:
897:J. Biol. Chem
894:
887:
884:
879:
875:
870:
865:
861:
857:
854:(7): 2102–7.
853:
849:
845:
838:
835:
830:
826:
821:
816:
812:
808:
807:J. Biol. Chem
804:
797:
794:
789:
785:
780:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
748:
746:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
718:
715:
710:
706:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
669:
667:
663:
658:
654:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
617:
614:
609:
605:
600:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
568:
565:
558:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
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1805:Mendosicutes
1790:Gracilicutes
1770:
1670:Mycolic acid
1660:Mycobacteria
1658:
1636:
1630:
1609:
1545:Coccobacilli
1445:in pregnancy
1411:Extremophile
1395:Aerotolerant
1329:Biochemistry
1291:microbiology
1277:Microbiology
1199:
1195:
1185:
1140:
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1091:
1088:J. Bacteriol
1087:
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316:is found in
313:
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1693:Slime layer
1373:Facultative
1361:Facultative
1038:: 635–700.
1004:2434/611267
584:(1): 8285.
461:by the Wzy
451:cytoplasmic
439:hydrophobic
435:hydrophilic
237:OPM protein
175:Identifiers
53:Identifiers
1878:Categories
1800:Mollicutes
1795:Firmicutes
1785:Prokaryota
1703:Glycocalyx
1528:plasticity
1491:Lipophilic
1344:preference
1319:Resistance
578:Nat Commun
559:References
538:Maltoporin
463:polymerase
431:biogenesis
425:Biogenesis
264:structures
119:structures
1870:IPR010664
1856:IPR007485
1753:evolution
1727:Composite
1626:Endospore
1584:Cell wall
1560:Structure
1451:Placental
1390:Nanaerobe
1368:Anaerobic
1299:Infection
459:periplasm
447:O-antigen
349:endotoxin
334:periplasm
330:cytoplasm
324:in their
206:IPR007485
97:IPR010664
1866:InterPro
1852:InterPro
1825:Category
1748:Taxonomy
1681:envelope
1571:envelope
1461:Salivary
1378:Obligate
1356:Obligate
1304:Exotoxin
1281:Bacteria
1236:15192148
1177:16861298
1118:18424520
1062:12045108
962:26807796
919:11278265
829:10574995
788:34732874
709:33947759
608:38092770
599:10719372
527:See also
478:proteins
281:RCSB PDB
201:InterPro
136:RCSB PDB
92:InterPro
1835:Commons
1734:Biofilm
1713:Fimbria
1698:S-layer
1679:Outside
1540:Bacilli
1456:Uterine
1441:Vaginal
1351:Aerobic
1334:ecology
1289:Medical
1204:Bibcode
1168:1544242
1145:Bibcode
1109:2446812
1053:2569852
1013:9575204
954:8809774
878:8606190
779:8934262
700:8262991
657:1652557
498:lipid A
443:lipid A
409:E. Coli
387:biofilm
353:E. coli
194:PF04390
72:PF06835
1780:Monera
1550:Spiral
1342:Oxygen
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467:ligase
402:porins
367:Porins
296:PDBsum
270:
260:
218:1.B.42
180:Symbol
151:PDBsum
125:
115:
85:CL0259
58:Symbol
1708:Pilus
1662:only:
1642:Porin
1634:only:
1613:only:
1535:Cocci
1511:Shape
1431:Mouth
1404:Other
958:S2CID
685:(3).
543:OMPdb
509:TLR 4
1864:and
1862:Pfam
1850:and
1848:Pfam
1751:and
1569:Cell
1436:Skin
1426:Lung
1332:and
1232:PMID
1173:PMID
1114:PMID
1058:PMID
1009:PMID
950:PMID
915:PMID
874:PMID
825:PMID
784:PMID
705:PMID
679:mBio
653:PMID
604:PMID
472:The
437:and
429:The
312:The
289:PDBj
285:PDBe
268:ECOD
258:Pfam
242:4q35
213:TCDB
189:Pfam
183:LptE
144:PDBj
140:PDBe
123:ECOD
113:Pfam
81:clan
79:Pfam
67:Pfam
61:LptC
1603:DAP
1598:NAG
1593:NAM
1421:Gut
1222:PMC
1212:doi
1200:101
1163:PMC
1153:doi
1141:103
1104:PMC
1096:doi
1092:190
1048:PMC
1040:doi
999:hdl
989:doi
985:273
942:doi
905:doi
901:276
864:PMC
856:doi
852:178
815:doi
811:274
774:PMC
766:doi
732:doi
695:PMC
687:doi
643:PMC
635:doi
594:PMC
586:doi
496:If
474:LPS
359:by
336:.
276:PDB
230:412
131:PDB
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