31:
2055:
82:
and fortification curtains from direct battery were developed in the 16th century. Later, the increasing scale of warfare and the greater resources available to the besieger accelerated this development, and systems of outworks grew increasingly elaborate and sprawling as a means of slowing the
1449:
83:
attacker's progress and making it more costly. When taken by an enemy force, their lack of rear-facing ramparts left them totally open to fire from the main works.
162:
90:, a fortification detached and forward of the main castle or fortification, is sometimes referred to as a type of outwork or 'advanced outwork'.
30:
1265:
1859:
1554:
110:
1674:
1459:
1884:
2080:
1107:
645:
155:
1444:
525:
1040:
35:
1489:
1114:
71:
1986:
1064:
131:
A Dictionary of
Military Architecture Fortification and Fieldworks from the Iron Age to the Eighteenth Century
2033:
1808:
1514:
1509:
1429:
1226:
1173:
1143:
900:
830:
774:
351:
148:
67:
62:
built or established outside the principal fortification limits, detached or semidetached. Outworks such as
2058:
1874:
1464:
1361:
1246:
430:
2011:
1849:
1631:
1384:
1121:
944:
273:
43:
1996:
1524:
1150:
949:
915:
315:
197:
1813:
1549:
905:
283:
1935:
1544:
1519:
1504:
1499:
1349:
1329:
1126:
687:
554:
298:
1991:
1950:
1925:
1798:
1479:
1319:
1166:
752:
630:
308:
251:
1965:
1940:
1869:
1793:
1394:
1389:
1324:
875:
679:
258:
1854:
1706:
1679:
1619:
1589:
1474:
1439:
1419:
1404:
959:
954:
922:
683:
625:
613:
595:
462:
443:
369:
346:
129:
2023:
2018:
1684:
1669:
1604:
1594:
1469:
1454:
1354:
1344:
1309:
1183:
976:
673:
640:
604:
420:
278:
242:
2074:
2028:
1981:
1889:
1879:
1833:
1803:
1788:
1757:
1738:
1599:
1539:
1494:
1409:
1368:
1178:
811:
806:
539:
502:
487:
438:
383:
362:
171:
87:
59:
2006:
1864:
1828:
1783:
1767:
1695:
1648:
1624:
1614:
1609:
1424:
1241:
1102:
1069:
934:
870:
845:
757:
731:
699:
693:
635:
574:
544:
392:
47:
1905:
1762:
1731:
1713:
1701:
1643:
1638:
1579:
1574:
1534:
1434:
1399:
1295:
1198:
969:
939:
929:
835:
724:
532:
341:
288:
1930:
1910:
1750:
1722:
1653:
1529:
1484:
1414:
1334:
1231:
1136:
1076:
1035:
1013:
964:
910:
860:
855:
840:
799:
747:
705:
650:
492:
455:
408:
1339:
1270:
1097:
1092:
1025:
666:
579:
509:
467:
293:
263:
224:
190:
98:
1823:
1818:
1743:
1584:
1302:
1277:
1260:
1190:
1131:
1059:
1052:
895:
783:
657:
477:
472:
448:
376:
356:
336:
303:
94:
75:
17:
1955:
1920:
1915:
1253:
1236:
1221:
1205:
1157:
1085:
1030:
1020:
988:
890:
865:
620:
564:
482:
329:
322:
268:
79:
63:
39:
1960:
1314:
880:
818:
762:
740:
717:
710:
586:
569:
401:
233:
215:
185:
2001:
1945:
1689:
1214:
1045:
885:
206:
29:
140:
983:
825:
792:
767:
559:
549:
518:
497:
144:
1974:
1898:
1842:
1776:
1662:
1567:
1377:
1288:
1004:
997:
429:
178:
134:by Stephen Francis Wyley. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
412:
974:
920:
738:
584:
1629:
1359:
1188:
1164:
781:
772:
729:
453:
249:
240:
156:
8:
1748:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1300:
1275:
1251:
1212:
1203:
1155:
1141:
1112:
1083:
1074:
1050:
1011:
816:
797:
715:
664:
655:
611:
602:
593:
530:
516:
507:
390:
367:
399:
381:
327:
313:
231:
222:
213:
204:
195:
1001:
163:
149:
141:
122:
7:
1555:Weapons Storage and Security System
111:List of established military terms
46:in the centre, and the outwork (a
25:
38:, with the main fortification (a
2054:
2053:
1:
1450:British "hedgehog" road block
1860:Cities with defensive walls
1445:Defensive fighting position
1360:
1165:
975:
921:
782:
773:
739:
730:
585:
101:are subtypes of outworks.
2097:
36:fortifications of Valletta
2044:
1490:Hardened aircraft shelter
1465:Entry control point (ECP)
1987:Continuity of government
1809:Motte-and-bailey castle
1515:Missile launch facility
1510:Main line of resistance
205:
1885:Military installations
1749:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1630:
1301:
1276:
1252:
1242:Scarp and Counterscarp
1213:
1204:
1189:
1156:
1142:
1113:
1084:
1075:
1051:
1012:
817:
798:
716:
665:
656:
612:
603:
594:
531:
517:
508:
454:
413:
400:
391:
382:
368:
328:
314:
250:
241:
232:
223:
214:
196:
51:
1654:Floating water castle
1385:Admiralty scaffolding
678:Fortified buildings (
33:
27:Type of fortification
1997:Subterranean warfare
950:Viking ring fortress
2081:Castle architecture
1814:Quadrangular castle
1550:Weapon storage area
906:Quadrangular castle
42:) to the left, the
1545:Underground hangar
1330:Fire control tower
1127:Gunpowder magazine
555:Butter-churn tower
52:
2068:
2067:
1992:Military urbanism
1926:Fortified gateway
1799:Concentric castle
1563:
1562:
1480:Fire support base
1320:Coastal artillery
1195:(Spanish America)
789:
631:Concentric castle
16:(Redirected from
2088:
2057:
2056:
2050:
1941:National redoubt
1870:Fortified estate
1794:Circular rampart
1754:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1635:
1395:Anti-tank trench
1390:Air raid shelter
1365:
1325:Disappearing gun
1306:
1281:
1257:
1218:
1209:
1194:
1170:
1161:
1147:
1118:
1089:
1080:
1056:
1017:
1002:
980:
960:Bailey (or ward)
926:
831:Motte-and-bailey
822:
803:
787:
779:
778:
744:
735:
721:
670:
661:
617:
608:
599:
590:
536:
522:
513:
459:
416:
405:
396:
387:
373:
333:
319:
259:Circular rampart
255:
246:
237:
228:
219:
210:
201:
165:
158:
151:
142:
135:
127:
21:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2048:
2040:
1970:
1894:
1838:
1772:
1707:Imperial castle
1680:Coercion castle
1675:Coastal defence
1658:
1620:Promontory fort
1590:Hillside castle
1559:
1475:Fallout shelter
1440:Concertina wire
1420:Border security
1373:
1284:
993:
626:Coercion castle
614:Cheval de frise
596:Chemin de ronde
444:Albarrana tower
425:
370:Schwedenschanze
347:Promontory fort
174:
169:
139:
138:
128:
124:
119:
107:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2024:Trench warfare
2021:
2019:Tunnel warfare
2016:
2015:
2014:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1875:Fortifications
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1692:
1687:
1685:Counter-castle
1682:
1677:
1672:
1670:Border barrier
1666:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1605:Lowland castle
1602:
1597:
1595:Hilltop castle
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1470:Electric fence
1467:
1462:
1460:Dragon's teeth
1457:
1455:Czech hedgehog
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1369:Wire obstacles
1366:
1357:
1355:Polygonal fort
1352:
1347:
1345:Martello tower
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1310:Border outpost
1307:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1196:
1186:
1184:Polygonal fort
1181:
1176:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1148:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1008:
1006:
999:
995:
994:
992:
991:
986:
981:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
814:
809:
804:
795:
790:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
736:
727:
722:
713:
708:
703:
696:
691:
676:
674:Flanking tower
671:
662:
653:
648:
643:
641:Counter-castle
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
609:
600:
591:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
528:
523:
514:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
451:
446:
441:
435:
433:
431:Post-classical
427:
426:
424:
423:
421:Vitrified fort
418:
406:
397:
388:
379:
374:
365:
360:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
325:
320:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
279:Defensive wall
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
247:
238:
229:
220:
211:
202:
193:
188:
182:
180:
176:
175:
172:Fortifications
170:
168:
167:
160:
153:
145:
137:
136:
121:
120:
118:
115:
114:
113:
106:
103:
50:) to the right
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2093:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2061:
2060:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:Urban warfare
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:Civil defense
1980:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Bastion forts
1848:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1834:Z-plan castle
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1804:L-plan castle
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Bridge castle
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:Refuge castle
1756:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1739:Military base
1737:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1702:Hunting lodge
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:Moated castle
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:Island castle
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:By topography
1566:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1540:Submarine pen
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:Hesco bastion
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:Blast shelter
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:Place-of-arms
1177:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
985:
982:
979:
978:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
925:
924:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
821:
820:
815:
813:
812:Machicolation
810:
808:
807:L-plan castle
805:
802:
801:
796:
794:
791:
786:
785:
777:
776:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
743:
742:
737:
734:
733:
728:
726:
723:
720:
719:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
701:
697:
695:
692:
689:
685:
681:
677:
675:
672:
669:
668:
663:
660:
659:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
616:
615:
610:
607:
606:
601:
598:
597:
592:
589:
588:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
540:Bridge castle
538:
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503:Bent entrance
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488:Battery tower
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439:Advanced work
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363:Refuge castle
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88:advanced work
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70:(demilunes),
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60:fortification
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37:
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19:
2052:
2007:Siege engine
1975:Other topics
1899:Related word
1865:Defense line
1829:Tower castle
1784:Bastion fort
1768:Urban castle
1696:Ganerbenburg
1694:
1649:Water castle
1625:Ridge castle
1610:Marsh castle
1425:Bomb shelter
1405:Belgian gate
1378:20th century
1289:19th century
1227:Retrenchment
1199:Punji sticks
1108:Entrenchment
1103:Device Forts
1070:Counterguard
1005:Early modern
935:Tower castle
871:Powder tower
850:
846:Outer bailey
758:Inner bailey
732:Gulyay-gorod
700:Ganerbenburg
698:
694:Fujian tulou
636:Corner tower
575:Chamber gate
545:Bridge tower
393:Trou de loup
130:
125:
92:
85:
55:
53:
48:counterguard
34:View of the
1906:Castle town
1763:Toll castle
1732:Lustschloss
1714:Kaiserpfalz
1644:Spur castle
1639:Rock castle
1580:Hill castle
1575:Cave castle
1535:Spider hole
1435:Bremer wall
1400:Barbed tape
1296:Barbed wire
970:Witch tower
940:Tower house
930:Toll castle
916:Shield wall
836:Murder hole
725:Guard tower
342:Pincer gate
289:Faussebraye
58:is a minor
1931:Gatekeeper
1751:Ordensburg
1723:Landesburg
1530:Sentry gun
1485:Flak tower
1415:Blast wall
1335:Gun turret
1232:Sally port
1137:Kotta mara
1077:Couvreface
1041:Breastwork
1036:Blockhouse
1014:Abwurfdach
965:Watchtower
955:Wall tower
911:Shell keep
861:Portcullis
856:Peel tower
841:Neck ditch
800:Landesburg
748:Half tower
706:Gate tower
651:Drawbridge
493:Battlement
409:Wagon fort
252:Chengqiang
117:References
78:to shield
2034:Guerrilla
1777:By design
1525:Revetment
1340:Land mine
1271:Star fort
1098:Crownwork
1093:Covertway
1026:Barricade
667:Embrasure
580:Chartaque
510:Bergfried
468:Arrowslit
294:Gatehouse
264:City gate
225:Castellum
191:Acropolis
99:crownwork
76:caponiers
2075:Category
2059:Category
2049:See also
1936:Loophole
1824:Ringwork
1819:Ringfort
1744:Obstacle
1585:Hillfort
1505:Loophole
1303:Barbette
1278:Tenaille
1261:Sea fort
1191:Presidio
1151:Magazine
1132:Hornwork
1065:Cavalier
1060:Casemate
1053:Caponier
896:Ringwork
784:Detinets
753:Hoarding
658:Enceinte
533:Bretèche
478:Bartizan
473:Barbican
449:Alcazaba
377:Stockade
357:Ringfort
337:Palisade
309:Landwehr
304:Hillfort
105:See also
95:hornwork
80:bastions
68:lunettes
64:ravelins
18:Outworks
1966:Vedette
1956:Schloss
1921:Festung
1916:Dungeon
1911:Château
1855:Castles
1663:By role
1520:Pillbox
1350:Outpost
1266:Station
1254:Schanze
1237:Sandbag
1222:Redoubt
1206:Ravelin
1174:Palanka
1158:Orillon
1144:Lunette
1086:Coupure
1031:Bastion
1021:Arsenal
989:Zwinger
901:Roundel
891:Ricetto
866:Postern
851:Outwork
775:Kremlin
646:Curtain
621:Citadel
605:Chemise
565:Caltrop
483:Bastion
456:Alcázar
352:Rampart
330:Oppidum
323:Nuraghe
269:Crannog
243:Castros
179:Ancient
72:flèches
56:outwork
40:bastion
1961:Trench
1951:Picket
1362:Sangar
1315:Bunker
1247:Sconce
1167:Ostrog
1115:Flèche
998:Modern
977:Yagura
945:Turret
881:Reduit
819:Merlon
763:Kasbah
741:Gusuku
718:Glacis
711:Gabion
680:church
587:Chashi
570:Castle
414:Laager
402:Vallum
359:(Rath)
234:Castra
216:Burgus
186:Abatis
2002:Siege
1946:Palas
1890:Walls
1880:Forts
1843:Lists
1690:Fence
1632:Rocca
1500:Kabal
1215:Redan
1122:Gorge
1046:Canal
923:Shiro
886:Ribat
876:Qalat
688:Dzong
684:house
384:Sudis
316:Limes
274:Ditch
207:Broch
198:Agger
44:ditch
2012:list
1430:Buoy
984:Yett
826:Moat
793:Ksar
768:Keep
560:Caer
550:Burh
526:Boom
519:Berm
498:Bawn
463:Amba
299:Gord
97:and
93:The
74:and
284:Dun
86:An
54:An
2077::
2051::
686:,
682:,
66:,
788:)
780:(
690:)
417:)
411:(
164:e
157:t
150:v
20:)
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