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Although by the end of the eighteenth century opera overtures were already beginning to be performed as separate items in the concert hall, the "concert overture", intended specifically as an individual concert piece without reference to stage performance and generally based on some literary theme,
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the overture began to distinguish itself from the symphony, and composers began to link the content of overtures to their operas dramatically and emotionally. Elements from the opera are foreshadowed in the overture, following the reform ideology that the music and every other element on stages
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Prior to the 18th century, the symphony and the overture were almost interchangeable, with overtures being extracted from operas to serve as stand-alone instrumental works, and symphonies being tagged to the front of operas as overtures. With the reform of
246:: fast–slow–fast. The opening movement was normally in duple metre and in a major key; the slow movement in earlier examples was usually quite short, and could be in a contrasting key; the concluding movement was dance-like, most often with rhythms of the
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without a development section), and the slow section became more extended and lyrical. Italian overtures were often detached from their operas and played as independent concert pieces. In this context, they became important in the early history of the
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style. The overture was frequently followed by a series of dance tunes before the curtain rose, and would often return following the
Prologue to introduce the action proper. This ouverture style was also used in English opera, most notably in
499:
332:(literally, the "symphony before the opera") was "an early term for a sinfonia used to begin an opera, that is, as an overture as opposed to one serving to begin a later section of the work".
254:, and returned to the key of the opening section. As the form evolved, the first movement often incorporated fanfare-like elements and took on the pattern of so-called "sonatina form" (
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239:, and spread throughout Europe, supplanting the French form as the standard operatic overture by the mid-18th century. Its stereotypical form is in three generally
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Introduction, or whatever else it may be called, is generally nothing more definite than that portion of the music which takes place before the curtain rises.
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in several works that began as dramatic overtures. The distinction between the two genres was the freedom to mould the musical form according to external
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178:. Its distinctive rhythmic profile and function thus led to the French overture style as found in the works of late Baroque composers such as
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560:, Op. 57 (1956), is a 20th-century parody of the late 19th century concert overture, scored for an enormous orchestra with organ, additional
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composed overtures which were independent, self-existing, instrumental, programmatic works that foreshadowed genres such as the
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In Italy, a distinct form called "overture" arose in the 1680s, and became established particularly through the operas of
2180:. Oxford University Press, accessed March 29, 2016,http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/43361.
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as early as 1640. This French overture consists of a slow introduction in a marked "dotted rhythm" (i.e., exaggerated
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is generally regarded as the first concert overture. Mendelssohn's other contributions to this genre include his
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In
European music after 1900, an example of an overture displaying a connection with the traditional form is
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requirements. The symphonic poem became the preferred form for the more "progressive" composers, such as
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2270:(Oxford History of Western Music). New York: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
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Charlton, David and M. Elizabeth C. Bartlet. n.d. "Grétry, André-Ernest-Modeste."
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In the age when the symphonic poem had already become popular, Brahms wrote his
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by André-Ernest-Modeste Grétry, in which several of the arias are quoted. This "
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522:, Op. 81. An example clearly influenced by the symphonic poem is Tchaikovsky's
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characters which introduced the overarching themes of the stories depicted.
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also uses the French overture form in some of his
Italian operas such as
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125:. More important was the prologue, consisting of sung dialogue between
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In
Italian opera after about 1800, the "overture" became known as the
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is a short self-contained movement founded on the music of the Grail.
2327:
Waterman, George Gow, and James R. Anthony. 2001. "French
Overture".
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programme, Prom 76: Last Night of the Proms (Saturday 12 September).
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2131:". Chester-Novello publisher's website (accessed 6 November 2009).
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In the 1850s the concert overture began to be supplanted by the
585:, one horizontal with detachable sucker in C), and an electric
417:(1839). Other notable early concert overtures were written by
2251:
151:, which he elaborated from a similar, two-section form called
277:
serves to enhance the plot. One such overture was that of
16:
Instrumental introduction to an opera, ballet, or oratorio
2036:"If You Have An Overture, Do You Also Need An Underture?"
2244:
What's On/Programme Notes, Malcolm Arnold (1921–2006),
1925:
1923:
198:, and can be found in non-staged vocal works such as
1990:
1915:
2268:Music In The Seventeenth And Eighteenth Centuries
287:form" persists in the overtures to many works of
2084:The Who on Record: A Critical History, 1963–1998
26:"Ouverture" redirects here. For other uses, see
2329:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2277:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2227:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2210:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2148:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
657:Some well-known or commonly played overtures:
2208:Fisher, Stephen C. 2001. "Italian Overture."
8:
2225:Larue, Jan. 2001. "Sinfonia 2: After 1700".
2023:
645:(1962). For a comprehensive list, see the
2107:Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1882:
629:setting the mood for the film before the
473:, while more conservative composers like
368:('Jubilee Overture', 1818, incorporating
1978:
291:written in the 20th and 21st centuries.
2275:Temperley, Nicholas. 2001. "Overture".
2019:
2000:
1998:
1952:
1950:
1941:
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534:is also labelled a 'fantasy-overture'.
202:, for example in the opening chorus of
85:The idea of an instrumental opening to
2052:
2004:
1956:
1904:
1179:The Land of the Mountain and the Flood
66:in the 17th century. During the early
2262:Taruskin, Richard. n.d. Chapter 10: "
2195:. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc.
2185:Fisher, Stephen C. 1998. "Sinfonia".
2015:
1967:
1929:
7:
1893:
1168:"Overture from Phantom of the Opera"
299:In 19th-century opera the overture,
208:Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland, BWV 61
2137:Carter, Tim (2001). "Prologue". In
493:remained faithful to the overture.
190:. The style is most often used in
14:
2188:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
89:existed during the 17th century.
44:
2343:
2292:
2071:Music: Op. I for Vacuum Cleaners
1391:Russian Easter Festival Overture
99:opens with a brief instrumental
2287:. London: Macmillan Publishers.
2237:. London: Macmillan Publishers.
2220:. London: Macmillan Publishers.
1765:(both Act and Act III Preludes)
731:Overture to a Picaresque Comedy
633:start. Famous examples include
2105:Blom, Eric. 1954. "Overture".
1809:Johannesburg Festival Overture
1770:Die Meistersinger von NĂĽrnberg
1204:Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage
613:is designated as "Underture".
393:overture (1828), his overture
390:Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage
1:
1274:Die EntfĂĽhrung aus dem Serail
1079:Music for the Royal Fireworks
811:Overture to an Italian Comedy
797:The Consecration of the House
354:wrote two concert overtures,
346:began to appear early in the
328:. Fisher also notes the term
2279:, second edition, edited by
2264:Instrumental Music Lifts Off
2229:, second edition, edited by
2212:, second edition, edited by
2062:General and cited references
1532:Overture, Scherzo and Finale
647:list of films with overtures
653:List of standard repertoire
356:Der Beherrscher der Geister
2389:
2191:, four volumes, edited by
2123:Burton-Page, Piers. n.d. "
1323:The Merry Wives of Windsor
903:Academic Festival Overture
513:Academic Festival Overture
228:
136:
28:Ouverture (disambiguation)
25:
18:
2040:www.ratherrarerecords.com
1991:Charlton and Bartlet n.d.
1916:Waterman and Anthony 2001
1511:Overture in Italian Style
1420:La cambiale di matrimonio
1367:Overture on Hebrew Themes
1356:Orpheus in the Underworld
1211:A Midsummer Night's Dream
1023:Christoph Willibald Gluck
528:. His equally well-known
516:, Op. 80, as well as his
380:A Midsummer Night's Dream
21:Overture (disambiguation)
2242:Maycock, Robert. 2009. "
2151:(2nd ed.). London:
1673:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
2319:Encyclopædia Britannica
2246:A Grand, Grand Overture
2127:A Grand, Grand Overture
2114:Burrows, Donald. 2012.
1641:The Yeomen of the Guard
1384:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
1232:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
776:Creatures of Prometheus
683:A Grand, Grand Overture
558:A Grand, Grand Overture
330:Sinfonia avanti l'opera
1792:Ralph Vaughan Williams
1655:Light Cavalry Overture
1239:The Marriage of Figaro
1072:George Frideric Handel
953:In the South (Alassio)
720:The School for Scandal
595:; it is dedicated "to
507:
377:However, the overture
188:Georg Philipp Telemann
184:Georg Friedrich Händel
155:, found in the French
2306:Tovey, Donald Francis
2082:Atkins, John (2000).
1661:The Beautiful Galatea
1469:The Barber of Seville
678:Beckus the Dandipratt
502:
399:(1830; also known as
180:Johann Sebastian Bach
2352:at Wikimedia Commons
2153:Macmillan Publishers
1831:Carl Maria von Weber
1719:La forza del destino
1706:(Miniature Overture)
1569:The Bride of Messina
1564:Hermann und Dorothea
1483:L'italiana in Algeri
1052:AntĂ´nio Carlos Gomes
1030:Iphigénie en Tauride
737:Ludwig van Beethoven
667:A Dream on the Volga
445:, a form devised by
403:) and the overtures
352:Carl Maria von Weber
237:Alessandro Scarlatti
113:(1607) opens with a
70:, composers such as
19:For other uses, see
2371:Musical terminology
2178:Oxford Music Online
2055:, pp. 121–122.
1755:The Flying Dutchman
1576:Dmitri Shostakovich
1434:Il signor Bruschino
1311:Salutation Overture
1246:La clemenza di Tito
1226:(The Fair Melusine)
1223:Die schöne Melusine
1163:Andrew Lloyd Webber
1097:and other Oratorios
1017:Ruslan and Lyudmila
932:An Outdoor Overture
922:Overture in G minor
790:The Ruins of Athens
625:, an overture is a
544:Dmitri Shostakovich
459:Camille Saint-Saëns
406:Die schöne Melusine
149:Jean-Baptiste Lully
2174:Grove Music Online
2042:. October 3, 2018.
1733:I vespri siciliani
1698:(Overture-Fantasy)
1690:(Overture-Fantasy)
1592:The Bartered Bride
1462:Il viaggio a Reims
1441:Il turco in Italia
1300:Nikolai Myaskovsky
1005:King Lear Overture
986:Strike Up the Band
833:Le carnaval romain
642:Lawrence of Arabia
636:Gone with the Wind
579:(two uprights in B
508:
467:Alexander Scriabin
437:Later 19th century
341:Early 19th century
295:19th-century opera
54:introduction to a
2350:Overtures (music)
2348:Media related to
2162:978-1-56159-239-5
2097:978-0-7864-0609-8
1413:Gioachino Rossini
1398:The Maid of Pskov
1373:Emil von Reznicek
1351:Jacques Offenbach
1306:Pathetic Overture
1289:Modest Mussorgsky
1185:Felix Mendelssohn
1130:A London Overture
1037:Orfeo ed Euridice
941:Carnival Overture
885:Alexander Borodin
863:Leonard Bernstein
826:Benvenuto Cellini
769:Coriolan Overture
562:brass instruments
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471:Arnold Schoenberg
411:The Fair Melusine
385:Felix Mendelssohn
371:God Save the King
117:, in this case a
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1695:Romeo and Juliet
1666:Poet and Peasant
1581:Festive Overture
1490:La scala di seta
1362:Sergei Prokofiev
1115:Ferdinand HĂ©rold
1084:Overture to the
1076:Overture to the
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549:Festive Overture
531:Romeo and Juliet
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424:Les Francs juges
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336:Concert overture
231:Italian overture
225:Italian overture
47:"opening") is a
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1526:Robert Schumann
1343:Helios Overture
1281:The Magic Flute
1157:The Merry Widow
971:George Gershwin
910:Tragic Overture
896:Johannes Brahms
805:Arthur Benjamin
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631:opening credits
623:motion pictures
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577:vacuum cleaners
568:parts for four
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978:Cuban Overture
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717:: Overture to
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672:Malcolm Arnold
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627:piece of music
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587:floor polisher
554:Malcolm Arnold
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536:
503:Tchaikovsky's
443:symphonic poem
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419:Hector Berlioz
364:of 1805), and
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309:Richard Wagner
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229:Main article:
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204:Bach's cantata
175:Dido and Æneas
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2301:public domain
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2281:Stanley Sadie
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2069:Anon. 1957. "
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2017:
2012:
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1979:Taruskin n.d.
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1680:1812 Overture
1677:
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1609:Jean Sibelius
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1558:Julius Caesar
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1197:Fingal's Cave
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1000:Overture 2012
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525:1812 Overture
521:
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505:1812 Overture
494:
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2285:John Tyrrell
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2235:John Tyrrell
2226:
2218:John Tyrrell
2209:
2186:
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2020:Maycock 2009
2011:
1986:
1974:
1963:
1942:Burrows 2012
1937:
1911:
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1497:William Tell
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1329:Carl Nielsen
1321:
1318:Otto Nicolai
1310:
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1279:
1272:
1265:
1260:Don Giovanni
1258:
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1209:
1202:
1196:
1192:The Hebrides
1190:
1177:
1155:
1146:
1143:Édouard Lalo
1134:
1129:
1124:John Ireland
1118:
1107:
1104:Joseph Haydn
1093:
1092:Overture to
1085:
1077:
1064:
1061:Edvard Grieg
1055:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1015:
1004:
999:
994:Philip Glass
984:
983:Overture to
976:
963:
958:
951:
946:Edward Elgar
931:
908:
901:
888:
877:
866:
855:
850:
845:
838:
831:
824:
809:
795:
788:
781:
774:
767:
760:
754:
748:
742:
729:
718:
707:
704:Daniel Auber
694:
687:
682:
677:
666:
656:
641:
635:
620:
610:
602:One song of
601:
557:
547:
541:
538:20th century
529:
523:
517:
511:
509:
504:
455:CĂ©sar Franck
451:programmatic
440:
428:
427:(1826), and
422:
414:
413:, 1834) and
410:
404:
400:
396:The Hebrides
394:
388:
378:
376:
369:
365:
359:
355:
348:Romantic era
344:
329:
325:
323:
316:
312:
304:
300:
298:
278:
274:opera seria,
273:
270:
267:18th century
234:
216:
206:
173:
152:
145:musical form
142:
108:
94:
84:
68:Romantic era
52:instrumental
40:
33:
32:
2077:(April 22).
2053:Atkins 2000
2005:Fisher 1998
1957:Fisher 2001
1905:Carter n.d.
1614:The Tempest
1378:Donna Diana
1152:Franz Lehár
1147:Le roi d'Ys
1087:Water Music
890:Prince Igor
709:Fra Diavolo
639:(1939) and
479:Tchaikovsky
447:Franz Liszt
430:Le corsaire
305:Einleitung,
256:sonata form
127:allegorical
76:Mendelssohn
2360:Categories
2266:." In his
2016:Anon. 1957
1968:Larue 2001
1930:Tovey 1911
1784:Tannhäuser
1627:The Mikado
1455:Semiramide
1056:Il Guarany
840:Le corsair
726:Arnold Bax
608:rock opera
383:(1826) by
241:homophonic
121:for muted
105:Monteverdi
101:ritornello
2366:Overtures
2308:(1911). "
2088:McFarland
1894:Blom 1954
1862:Citations
1838:Euryanthe
1797:The Wasps
1762:Lohengrin
1518:Rosamunde
1405:May Night
1336:Maskarade
1135:Satyricon
1066:In Autumn
964:Froissart
959:Cockaigne
851:King Lear
566:obbligato
433:(1828)).
318:Lohengrin
244:movements
153:Ouverture
72:Beethoven
41:ouverture
2310:Overture
2145:(eds.).
1825:Overture
1817:Overture
1546:Genoveva
1427:Tancredi
1267:Idomeneo
1217:Ruy Blas
1137:Overture
924:(WAB 98)
856:Waverley
689:Peterloo
592:♭
582:♭
572:, three
415:Ruy Blas
361:RĂĽbezahl
326:sinfonia
313:Vorspiel
301:Vorspiel
261:symphony
200:cantatas
192:preludes
123:trumpets
96:Euridice
64:oratorio
34:Overture
2316:(ed.).
2303::
1815:Scapino
1726:Nabucco
1539:Manfred
1534:, Op 52
1095:Messiah
1044:Alceste
868:Candide
762:Fidelio
755:Leonora
749:Leonora
743:Leonora
604:the Who
421:(e.g.,
119:fanfare
115:toccata
110:L'Orfeo
2312:". In
2297:
2199:
2159:
2116:Handel
2094:
1852:Oberon
1777:Rienzi
1687:Hamlet
1513:, D590
1109:Armida
879:Carmen
783:Egmont
574:Hoover
570:rifles
564:, and
469:, and
285:medley
252:minuet
213:Handel
196:suites
186:, and
165:fugato
161:iambic
103:, and
56:ballet
38:French
36:(from
2255:Proms
1552:Faust
1119:Zampa
611:Tommy
248:gigue
143:As a
87:opera
62:, or
60:opera
49:music
2283:and
2233:and
2216:and
2197:ISBN
2157:ISBN
2092:ISBN
2075:Time
1195:(or
757:Nr 3
751:Nr 2
745:Nr 1
617:Film
589:in E
489:and
91:Peri
74:and
45:lit.
2252:BBC
621:In
606:'s
599:".
556:'s
546:'s
315:to
311:'s
250:or
194:to
172:'s
107:'s
93:'s
2362::
2250:"
2167:‎.
2155:.
2141:;
2090:.
2086:.
2073:"
2038:.
2022:;
2018:;
1997:^
1981:,
1949:^
1944:,
1922:^
1869:^
1833::
1794::
1743::
1714::
1675::
1622::
1600::
1589::
1578::
1528::
1507::
1415::
1386::
1375::
1364::
1353::
1331::
1320::
1302::
1291::
1234::
1187::
1176::
1165::
1154::
1145::
1126::
1117::
1106::
1063::
1054::
1025::
1014::
996::
973::
948::
939::
930::
920::
898::
887::
876::
865::
821::
739::
728::
706::
674::
665::
649:.
485:,
481:,
477:,
465:,
461:,
457:,
350:.
303:,
263:.
221:.
211:.
182:,
58:,
43:,
2203:.
2176:.
2165:.
2100:.
1199:)
409:(
30:.
23:.
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