95:
389:
805:(in today's counties of Madera, Fresno and Tulare) lived mostly as typical semi-nomadic hunters and gatherers of fishing, hunting and gathering as well as agriculture. In the winter, several families descended into the river valleys and built together fixed settlements, most of which were used for several years. In the summer, the family groups migrated as hunters and gatherers to the more sheltered and cooler altitudes of the mountains. Therefore, these smaller groups are sometimes considered socio-politically not as bands but as local groups.
1615:
47:
820:
listed as "Foothill Yokuts bands" (who adopted the "Mono language" and culture through the immigration of the "Western Mono" and soon became bilingual) or as "Western Mono bands" (who would have adopted the language of the dominant "Foothill Yokuts"). In particular, the classification of the two Kings River bands – the
Michahai / Michahay and Entimbich – is difficult.
849:: most isolated band of the "Western Mono", therefore not known under a "Yokuts" name. They lived generally along the northern shore of the San Joaquin River westward on both sides of its North Fork (and its tributaries) to Fine Gold Creek (shared territory with the Yokuts there); they established smaller settlements than the more southerly "Western Mono Bands".
198:
191:
774:
1342:
partly culture, for which it was irrelevant whether they were regarded as "Western Mono" or "Foothill Yokuts". It was only with the establishment of the reservations that traditional social ties were broken; today
American English is the dominant language and the Entimbich identify themselves as "Foothill Yokuts" since the 1950s.
94:
534:
on the east. They were predominantly sedentary and settled in fixed settlements along rivers or springs (or artificial canals). The more intensive arable farming by means of partly artificial irrigation enabled them to build up food reserves and thus, in contrast to the "Western Mono bands", to feed
1082:
Today, the "Mono language (Nim)" (including its two dialects) is critically endangered. Among about 1,300 "Western Mono (Mono or
Monache) people", only about 20 active speakers and 100 half speakers speak "Western Mono" or the "Monachi/Monache" dialect (better known as: "Mono/Monache" or "Mono Lake
1029:
The two clans of the North Fork Mono Tribe are represented by the golden eagle and the coyote. Mono traditions still in practice today include fishing, hunting, acorn gathering, cooking, healing, basket making, and games. The
Honorable Ron Goode is the Tribal Chairman for the North Fork Mono Tribe,
1341:
the
Entimbich were probably originally "Western Mono" and the Michahai / Michahay were probably "Foothill Yokuts" – but these bands lived in the border area of the two ethnic groups and developed a new identity as a bilingual entity through marriage, adoption of the respective foreign language and
1109:
Today, there are approximately 2,300 enrolled Mono people. The Cold
Springs Mono have 275 tribal members. The Northfork Mono's enrollment is 1,800, making them one of California's largest native tribes. The Big Sandy Mono have about 495 members. The Big Pine Band has 462 tribal members, but it is
819:
or units with "Foothill Yokuts" and partly took over their culture, so that today – except for one – each "Western Mono band" are only known under its "Yokuts" name. Even in the ethnological literature the original ethnic classification of the bands listed below is controversial; partly they are
491:
576:
and Horton Creek in the Sierra to a line running out into Owens Valley from
Waucodayavi, the largest peak south of Rawson Creek. Note that Waucodayavi does not have an English name, but is a peak of approximately 9,280 feet located almost due west of Keough Hot
677:
The tribal areas of the "Eastern Mono bands" bordered in the northwest on the areas of the hostile
Southern Sierra Miwok with which it often came to conflicts, in the northeast several Northern Paiute bands migrated, in the southeast and south the
388:
978:: Lived on the southern shore of the San Joaquin River and south of the Northfork Mono along Big Sandy Creek to the headwaters of Little and Big Dry Creek; according to reports from neighboring Yokuts, there were two settlements near
996:: sometimes synonymously called "Towincheba" or "Kokoheba", but both seems only names for single Holkoma villages. Were living in settlements along a series of confluent streams – especially the Big Creek, Burr Creek and
539:
is also reflected in their socio-political organization in different "districts" (each with communistic hunting and seed rights, political unity, and a number of villages), whose name mostly ended with
379:
in the south-central foothills of the Sierra Nevada, including the "Northfork Mono," as labeled by E.W. Gifford, an ethnographer studying people in the vicinity of the San
Joaquin River in the 1910s.
885:(Plural: Enatbicha): bilingual, probably originally a "Kings River Yokuts Band". Lived along the Kings River south and west of the Wobonuch, their main settlement was located in the area of today's
943:: bilingual, but basically "Mono (Nim)"-speaking, partly adopted the culture of the neighboring Yokuts. Lived along the Kaweah River tributaries (Marble, Middle, East and South Forks) westwards to
758:
1603:
1134:
1979:
1037:, and an annual Indian Fair Days festival takes place on the first weekend of August every year to revive many traditions and rituals for tribal kin and tourists alike to enjoy.
1023:
1008:
730:
917:(plural: Wakesdachi): bilingual, but basically "Mono (Nim)"-speaking, partly adopted the culture of the neighboring Yokuts. Their tribal area was in the Long Valley south of
190:
1083:
Paiute"). Of the 1,000 "Owens Valley Paiute (Eastern Mono) people" there are only 30 active speakers of the "Eastern Mono" or "Owens Valley
Northern Paiute" dialect left.
1030:
which is not a federally recognized tribe. The North Fork Rancheria of Mono Indians is the federally recognized tribe in North Fork and their Chairperson is Elaine Fink.
1013:
1003:
947:. One of their westernmost villages was located on the left bank of the Kaweah River below the confluence of its North Forks and Middle Forks near the community of
1974:
1969:
1596:
1989:
951:(near the confluence of the Middle, East and South Forks), eastwards they had settlements upstream along the Middle and East Forks as well as Salt Creeks. The
899:: bilingual, many mixed marriages with neighboring Waksachi, often regarded as a "Kings River Yokuts band". Lived along the Cottonwood Creek, a stream of the
1581:
1190:
2009:
871:
upstream along several tributaries and including the Kings Canyon, along the Mill Flat Creek alone were two major settlements, their area includes today's
396:
cache in Fresno County, California, ca. 1920. Mono people used acorns for their bread and families typically had 8 or 9 baskets of this size for acorns.
2019:
1964:
1589:
1065:
family. Due to the geographical separation as well as the interaction with neighboring tribes and peoples (incorporation of loanwords and/or frequent
720:
1454:
697:
The Owens Valley Paiute were also more aggressive and hostile towards neighboring Indian tribes and most recently they fought the Americans in the "
447:, a holdover from early anthropological literature, and are often confused with the non-Northern Paiute ethnic group of the Western mono "Mono".
330:
The "Mono" lived on both sides of the Sierra Nevada and are divided into two regional tribal/dialect groups, roughly based on the Sierra crest:
1018:
997:
1550:
1531:
1129:
411:, who however hereby designated the Owens valley Paiutes as the southernmost Northern Paiute band living around "owens lake" / Mono Lake as
256:
1984:
1218:
498:
The Owens Valley Paiute or Eastern Mono live on the California-Nevada border, they formerly ranged on the eastern side of the southern
64:
2014:
2004:
1994:
1106:(1976:192) set the population of the Western Mono alone at about 1,800. Kroeber reported the population of the Mono in 1910 as 1,500.
1241:
701:" (1862 to 1863) with allied Shoshone, Kawaiisu and Tübatulabal The Owens Valley Paiutes are The Southernmost Northern Paiute Band.
247:
1352:
1999:
1619:
1576:
1476:
1432:
900:
1139:
1124:
1094:
739:
141:
1504:
1046:
812:
in the north, the "Eastern Mono" settled in the east, the Tübatulabal in the southeast and the Foothill Yokuts in the west.
1167:
1690:
1515:
519:
1119:
631:, south to Big Pine Creek in the mountains, but with fishing and seed rights along Owens River nearly to Fish Springs)
63:
This will have introduced speculative and possibly inaccurate details not present in the source material. Such images
982:. Presumably identical with the group later called "Auberry Band of Western Mono", whose Mono/Nim-language name was
967:
are counted as "Kings River Yokuts" then beside the above-mentioned bands sometimes the following bands are listed:
918:
872:
838:
By contact with the Europeans, the following bands (or local groups) could be distinguished (from north to south):
459:
346:
1187:
1526:. Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 11. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 412–434.
670:
315:
303:
1050:
948:
868:
798:
734:
642:
610:
1888:
922:
809:
698:
1070:
1034:
778:
319:
299:
264:
1451:
1409:
1091:
Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially.
1079:
can be translated as "Hello to my friends. Hello to the Mono people. Hello to the people from all over."
1062:
952:
743:
1959:
908:
724:
628:
499:
260:
1522:
Liljeblad, Sven; Fowler, Catherine S. (1986). "Owens Valley Paiute". In d'Azevedo, Warren L. (ed.).
979:
860:
748:
652:
531:
511:
31:
886:
864:
786:
762:
752:
596:
592:
569:
401:
311:
307:
1546:
1527:
1237:
1103:
1099:
1054:
790:
205:
1670:
1210:
683:
527:
224:
145:
1804:
1480:
1458:
1436:
1194:
926:
284:
280:
170:
298:
Today, many of the tribal citizens and descendants of the Mono tribe inhabit the town of
1883:
1850:
1675:
1359:
687:
523:
490:
178:
1473:
1429:
955:
is located in their territory today, their trading partners were the Wukchumni Yokuts.
1953:
1903:
1855:
1783:
1069:) two very different dialects developed in the course of time which are difficult to
673:, was Shoshoni with a few intermarried Paiute, but was accessible to Paiute for salt)
584:
120:
1777:
1654:
1066:
904:
802:
544:, meaning "place" or "land"; each "district" was under the command of a headman or
503:
342:
158:
57:
17:
889:, further settlements were along Mill Creek, Rancheria Creek and White Deer Creek.
46:
1933:
1923:
1701:
1680:
1640:
1159:
1073:
for each other. The native language of the Mono people is referred to as "Nim."
944:
785:
The "Western Mono bands" in the western southern Sierra Nevada foothills in the
573:
507:
354:
292:
272:
1808:
1756:
1751:
1665:
1635:
1614:
515:
436:
428:
362:
295:
languages, do not form a single, unique, unified group of Great Basin tribes.
268:
209:
124:
35:
30:
This article is about the native American people. For the African people, see
1918:
1822:
1772:
1735:
1650:
816:
536:
1685:
1571:
1867:
1861:
1745:
1730:
1660:
1645:
1630:
679:
518:
on the south, and from the crest of the Sierra Nevada on the west to the
404:
337:
Southernmost Northern Paiute live on the California-Nevada border on the
208:
Lands historically inhabited by the Mono people overlaid onto modern-day
174:
1893:
1845:
1839:
1799:
1794:
1766:
1714:
1710:
1696:
1270:
1928:
1877:
1872:
1829:
1814:
1102:(1925:883) suggested that the 1770 population of the Mono was 4,000.
808:
The tribal areas of the "Western Mono" bordered the (mostly) hostile
408:
306:. People of the Mono tribe are also spread across California in: the
276:
128:
773:
197:
1256:
Lamb gives the Mono language name for this Northern Paiute band as
1938:
1913:
1908:
1898:
1761:
1725:
1720:
1566:
1353:"Robert F.G. Spier: Monache: Language, Territory, and Environment"
1058:
772:
489:
420:
393:
387:
288:
1501:
The Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization
1834:
1740:
1706:
1077:
Mun a hoo e boso. Mun a hoo e num. Mun a hoo to e hun noh pa teh
1585:
468:("western place" People); the "Western Mono" called themselves
1401:
416:
40:
1543:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
1236:. Reno, Nevada: University of Nevada Press. pp. 3, 205.
759:
Utu Utu Gwaitu Paiute Tribe of the Benton Paiute Reservation
476:("People"); a full blooded "Western Mono" person was called
239:
233:
99:
A Mono couple living near Northfork, California, ca. 1920
1135:
Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
867:) from the mouth of the North Fork Kings River into the
1000:
above the mouth of the Mill Creek into the Kings River.
1033:
Ceremonies are performed at the Sierra Mono Museum in
287:– but these three groups, although related within the
1024:
Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation
859:(plural: Wobenchasi): Lived in the foothills west of
275:. They are often grouped under the historical label "
248:
236:
1009:
Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians of California
731:
Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians
423:
was their chief food staple and trading article and
369:). They are also known as the "Owens Valley Paiute".
1110:difficult to determine how many of these are Mono.
230:
227:
164:
151:
135:
114:
104:
1014:Northfork Rancheria of Mono Indians of California
1004:Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono Indians of California
1232:Sprague, Marguerite (2003). "Welcome to Bodie".
716:—"Coyote's children living in the water ditch".
551:Some "Owens Valley Northern Paiute" districts:
1317:
1293:
65:should be replaced with their original versions
558:(Black Rock Territory, south to Taboose Creek)
1597:
1430:The Western Mono People: Yesterday and Today.
450:The "Eastern Mono" referred to themselves as
259:people who traditionally live in the central
8:
1980:History of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
694:) and in the west the "Western Mono bands".
87:
933:), such as "Ash Springs" and "Badger Camp".
641:("around the foot of the mountain place" =
353:– "place/land of flowing water") along the
56:includes historical images which have been
1604:
1590:
1582:
1452:California Indians and Their Reservations.
1188:California Indians and Their Reservations.
921:and along Eshom Creek, a tributary of the
494:Owens Valley Paiute woman weaving a basket
196:
86:
990:("About (the San Joaquin River) People").
721:Big Pine Paiute Tribe of the Owens Valley
263:, the Eastern Sierra (generally south of
1329:
1305:
1045:The Eastern Mono speak the mono Bannock
986:("that which is on the other side ") or
407:from the tribe's western neighbors, the
1151:
1019:Table Mountain Rancheria of California
937:Balwisha, Badwisha, Patwisha, Potwisha
1975:Native American history of California
1970:Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin
1512:Handbook of the Indians of California
1130:Native Americans in the United States
823:The Western Mono self-designation is
651:("salt place" from the saline lake =
302:(thus the label "Northfork Mono") in
7:
1990:History of Madera County, California
1693:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
1484:North Fork Rancheria of Mono Indians
1462:SDSU Library and Information Access.
1440:Northfork Rancheria of Mono Indians.
1198:SDSU Library and Information Access.
400:The current tribal name "Mono" is a
115:Regions with significant populations
1567:Official Sierra Mono Museum website
1545:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1412:from the original on March 30, 2024
1211:"Hunter-Gatherer Language Database"
2010:History of Mono County, California
1518:, Bulletin No. 78. Washington, DC.
1221:from the original on Dec 31, 2023.
484:Eastern Mono (Owens Valley Paiute)
25:
1170:from the original on Feb 29, 2024
815:Some "Western Mono bands" formed
2020:Native American tribes in Nevada
1965:Indigenous peoples of California
1620:Indigenous peoples of California
1613:
1577:Timeline of Mono Historic Events
462:and to their kin to the west as
314:and foothills areas, especially
223:
189:
93:
45:
34:. For the Mono Lake Paiute, see
1140:Population of Native California
1125:Mono language (Native American)
1095:Population of Native California
925:, other settlements were along
879:Entimbich, Endimbich, Endembich
740:Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone Tribe
429:Kucadikadi Northern Paiute Band
1791:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
1505:University of California Press
1:
1271:"California Language Archive"
907:north of the municipality of
853:Wobonuch, Wobunuch, Woponunch
797:– "important, great river"),
714:Nün‘wa Paya Hup Ca’a‘ Otuu’mu
460:Mono/Bannock language dialect
157:Traditional Tribal Religion,
1516:Bureau of American Ethnology
1215:huntergatherer.la.utexas.edu
686:bands, in the southwest the
341:of the Sierra Nevada in the
271:, and adjacent areas of the
1541:Pritzker, Barry M. (2000).
1318:Liljeblad & Fowler 1986
1294:Liljeblad & Fowler 1986
1275:California Language Archive
1164:California Language Archive
1120:Mono traditional narratives
655:, they called their valley
2036:
1985:History of the Great Basin
1486:. (retrieved 25 July 2009)
873:Kings Canyon National Park
704:Their self-designation is
439:pupae", are also known as
29:
2015:Tulare County, California
2005:Madera County, California
1995:Fresno County, California
1626:
1499:Cook, Sherburne F. 1976.
627:("natural mound place" =
433:Kutsavidökadö/Kutzadika'a
392:Mono people beside their
169:
156:
140:
119:
109:
92:
58:upscaled by an AI process
1464:(retrieved 25 July 2009)
1442:(retrieved 24 July 2009)
1200:(retrieved 24 July 2009)
1051:Northern Paiute language
1049:which together with the
949:Three Rivers, California
735:Independence, California
643:Fish Springs, California
635:Tuniga witü, Tunuhu witü
611:Round Valley, California
2000:Inyo County, California
1889:Plains and Sierra Miwok
1748:(Diegueño, Ipai, Tipai)
923:North Fork Kaweah River
699:Owens Valley Indian War
599:south to Shannon Creek)
351:Payahǖǖnadǖ/Payahuunadu
1035:North Fork, California
831:, meaning "People" or
782:
712:, meaning "People" or
669:("very deep valley" =
495:
465:Panan witü / Pana witü
397:
320:San Francisco Bay Area
1858:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
1691:Eel River Athapaskans
1510:Kroeber, A. L. 1925.
1474:History and Timeline.
953:Sequoia National Park
903:, a tributary of the
810:Southern Sierra Miwok
776:
744:Lone Pine, California
572:, extending from the
493:
435:means "eaters of the
419:people") because fly
391:
384:Culture and geography
165:Related ethnic groups
1063:Uto-Aztecan language
909:Auckland, California
725:Big Pine, California
629:Big Pine, California
532:Deep Springs Valleys
458:("People") in their
279:" together with the
1572:Northfork Rancheria
1332:, pp. 229–230.
980:Auberry, California
861:General Grant Grove
749:Bishop Paiute Tribe
653:Deep Springs Valley
535:larger groups. The
445:Owens Valley Paiute
142:Mono language "Nim"
110:approximately 2,300
89:
32:Mono people (Congo)
18:Owens Valley Paiute
1479:2008-04-22 at the
1457:2010-01-10 at the
1435:2008-04-20 at the
1406:www.monomuseum.org
1260:("larvae eaters").
1193:2010-07-26 at the
972:Posgisa, Poshgisha
887:Dunlap, California
865:General Grant Tree
787:San Joaquin Valley
783:
763:Benton, California
753:Bishop, California
692:Kern River Indians
639:Tinemaha/Tinnemaha
597:Keough Hot Springs
593:Benton, California
574:volcanic tableland
570:Bishop, California
496:
427:the "Mono". This "
398:
312:San Joaquin Valley
308:Owens River Valley
1947:
1946:
1552:978-0-19-513877-1
1533:978-0-160-04581-3
1104:Sherburne F. Cook
1100:Alfred L. Kroeber
1055:dialect continuum
825:Nyyhmy, Nimi, Nim
791:San Joaquin River
680:Timbisha Shoshone
661:Patosabaya nunemu
609:("north place" =
568:("south place" =
431:", whose autonym
413:monachie/monoache
184:
183:
82:
81:
16:(Redirected from
2027:
1618:
1617:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1583:
1556:
1537:
1487:
1471:
1465:
1449:
1443:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1358:. Archived from
1357:
1349:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1267:
1261:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1207:
1201:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1156:
901:St. John's River
684:Western Shoshone
514:on the north to
441:Mono Lake Paiute
251:
246:
245:
242:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
200:
193:
105:Total population
97:
90:
77:
74:
68:
49:
41:
21:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2024:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1805:Northern Paiute
1622:
1612:
1610:
1563:
1553:
1540:
1534:
1521:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1481:Wayback Machine
1472:
1468:
1459:Wayback Machine
1450:
1446:
1437:Wayback Machine
1428:
1424:
1415:
1413:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1279:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1195:Wayback Machine
1186:
1182:
1173:
1171:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1116:
1089:
1043:
929:(also known as
927:Lime Kiln Creek
817:bilingual bands
771:
755:(also Timbisha)
727:(also Timbisha)
659:and themselves
591:("hot place" =
486:
386:
361:) and south to
328:
285:Southern Paiute
281:Northern Paiute
257:Native American
249:
226:
222:
215:
214:
213:
207:
202:
201:
194:
171:Northern Paiute
100:
85:
78:
72:
69:
62:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2033:
2031:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1812:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1562:
1561:External links
1559:
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1016:
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998:Sycamore Creek
991:
957:
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934:
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843:Northfork Mono
795:typici h huu'
770:
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617:Tovowaha Matii
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589:Utu Utu Gwaiti
578:
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526:including the
524:Inyo Mountains
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1402:"Mono Museum"
1397:
1394:
1391:Pritzker, 137
1388:
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1382:Pritzker, 159
1379:
1376:
1365:on 2013-12-28
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1330:Pritzker 2000
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1258:Kwicathyhka'
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1059:Western Numic
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1047:mono language
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833:cawu h nyyhmy
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672:
671:Saline Valley
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500:Sierra Nevada
492:
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478:cawu h nyyhmy
475:
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326:Tribal groups
325:
323:
321:
318:; and in the
317:
316:Fresno County
313:
309:
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304:Madera County
301:
296:
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286:
282:
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261:Sierra Nevada
258:
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212:state borders
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121:United States
118:
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96:
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76:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
1880:(Gabrieliño)
1864:(Fernandeño)
1788:
1769:(Bear River)
1542:
1523:
1511:
1500:
1483:
1469:
1461:
1447:
1439:
1425:
1414:. Retrieved
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1367:. Retrieved
1360:the original
1347:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:
1265:
1257:
1252:
1234:Bodie's Gold
1233:
1227:
1214:
1205:
1197:
1183:
1172:. Retrieved
1163:
1154:
1108:
1092:
1090:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1067:Bilingualism
1057:) forms the
1044:
1032:
1028:
993:
987:
984:?unaħpaahtyħ
983:
975:
971:
964:
960:
958:
940:
936:
930:
914:
905:Kaweah River
896:
892:
882:
878:
856:
852:
846:
842:
837:
832:
828:
824:
822:
814:
807:
803:Kaweah River
794:
784:
769:Western Mono
713:
709:
705:
703:
696:
691:
676:
666:
660:
656:
648:
638:
634:
625:Tobowahamatü
624:
621:Tovowahamatü
620:
616:
606:
602:
588:
581:Ütü’ütü witü
580:
565:
561:
555:
550:
545:
541:
508:Owens Rivers
504:Owens Valley
497:
487:
477:
473:
469:
464:
463:
455:
451:
449:
444:
440:
432:
424:
412:
399:
376:
373:Western Mono
372:
366:
358:
350:
343:Owens Valley
339:eastern side
338:
335:Eastern Mono
334:
329:
297:
218:
216:
159:Christianity
84:Ethnic group
70:
55:
27:People group
1960:Mono people
1884:Tübatulabal
1702:Halchidhoma
1681:Coast Miwok
1641:Ahwahnechee
1524:Great Basin
1507:, Berkeley.
988:Unapatɨ Nɨm
945:Lake Kaweah
869:Kings River
799:Kings River
793:was called
708:, Numu, or
688:Tübatulabal
603:Kwina Patii
566:Pitana Patü
562:Pitama Patü
542:"patü/witü"
512:Long Valley
502:across the
470:Nyyhmy/Nimi
355:Owens River
293:Uto-Aztecan
273:Great Basin
1954:Categories
1809:Kucadikadi
1752:Lake Miwok
1666:Chemehuevi
1636:Acjachemen
1494:References
1416:2024-04-15
1369:2019-06-08
1280:2024-04-15
1174:2024-04-15
1087:Population
1071:understand
919:Mill Creek
863:(with the
847:Nim / Nium
779:North Fork
657:Patosabaya
607:Kwina Patü
585:Anglicized
516:Owens Lake
506:along the
452:Numa/Nuumu
363:Owens Lake
300:North Fork
269:Mono Basin
265:Bridgeport
210:California
125:California
73:March 2024
36:Kucadikadi
1919:Wukchumni
1823:Ramaytush
1819:Costanoan
1780:(Klamath)
1773:Mechoopda
1736:Kitanemuk
1671:Chimariko
1651:Bay Miwok
976:Boshgesha
961:Entimbich
931:Dry Creek
883:Indimbich
667:Ka’o witü
577:Springs.)
537:Sedentism
528:Fish Lake
437:brine fly
377:west side
291:group of
136:Languages
1868:Timbisha
1862:Tataviam
1746:Kumeyaay
1731:Kawaiisu
1661:Cahuilla
1646:Atsugewi
1631:Achomawi
1477:Archived
1455:Archived
1433:Archived
1410:Archived
1219:Archived
1191:Archived
1168:Archived
1114:See also
1041:Language
965:Michahai
941:Baluusha
915:Waksachi
897:Michahay
893:Michahai
857:Wobonoch
649:Ozanwitü
546:pohenaby
474:Nim/Nium
405:loanword
402:Yokutsan
255:) are a
175:Shoshone
152:Religion
1894:Vanyume
1851:Serrano
1846:Salinan
1840:Quechan
1800:Nomlaki
1795:Nisenan
1767:Mattole
1757:Luiseño
1715:Whilkut
1711:Chilula
1697:Esselen
1676:Chumash
994:Holkoma
959:If the
781:, 1902.
777:Nim at
690:(also:
595:, from
375:on the
367:Pacheta
359:Wakopee
267:), the
179:Bannock
146:English
1929:Yokuts
1904:Washoe
1878:Tongva
1873:Tolowa
1856:Shasta
1842:(Yuma)
1830:Patwin
1815:Ohlone
1784:Mohave
1686:Cupeño
1655:Saklan
1549:
1530:
1240:
1160:"Mono"
556:Panatü
421:larvae
409:Yokuts
310:; the
277:Paiute
129:Nevada
1939:Yurok
1914:Wiyot
1909:Wintu
1899:Wappo
1778:Modoc
1762:Maidu
1726:Cahto
1721:Karuk
1363:(PDF)
1356:(PDF)
1146:Notes
1093:(See
710:Nüümü
520:White
510:from
456:Nüümü
394:acorn
289:Numic
1934:Yuki
1924:Yana
1835:Pomo
1789:Mono
1741:Kizh
1707:Hupa
1547:ISBN
1528:ISBN
1238:ISBN
963:and
829:Nium
801:and
706:Numa
682:and
530:and
522:and
347:Mono
283:and
252:-noh
219:Mono
217:The
127:and
88:Mono
1053:(a
974:or
939:or
895:or
881:or
855:or
845:or
827:or
637:or
623:or
605:or
587:to
583:or
564:or
472:or
454:or
443:or
425:not
417:fly
250:MOH
1956::
1713:,
1514:.
1503:.
1408:.
1404:.
1273:.
1217:.
1213:.
1166:.
1162:.
1097:.)
835:.
761:,
751:,
742:,
733:,
723:,
663:.)
619:,
548:.
480:.
415:("
349::
322:.
240:oʊ
234:oʊ
177:,
173:,
144:,
1811:)
1807:(
1717:)
1709:(
1657:)
1653:(
1605:e
1598:t
1591:v
1555:.
1536:.
1419:.
1372:.
1283:.
1246:.
1177:.
911:.
875:.
789:(
645:)
613:)
365:(
357:(
345:(
243:/
237:n
231:m
228:ˈ
225:/
221:(
131:)
123:(
75:)
71:(
67:.
61:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
