47:, of disbelieving the girls and failing to act on repeated calls for help, and Oxfordshire Social Services of failing to protect them despite compelling evidence they were in danger. The report also called for research into why a significant number of perpetrators of child grooming are of "Pakistani and/or Muslim heritage". A Home Office report published in December 2020, however, concluded "research has found that group-based child sexual exploitation offenders are most commonly white. Some studies suggest an overrepresentation of black and Asian offenders relative to the demographics of national populations. However, it is not possible to conclude that this is representative of all group-based CSE offending".
32:
resulted in two more convictions. The term itself and the investigation has been heavily criticized by
Muslims and left wing members for being highly racially motivated and Islamophobic. Some have put the blame on media and the police for ignoring such crimes if they really happened for so long Some have even questioned the narrative of grooming gangs as similar events elsewhere in India and Nigeria have instead been blamed as a conspiracy by right-wing Hindus and Christians.
632:
for Bassam Karrar. Brothers Akhtar and Anjum Dogar received life sentences with minimum tariffs of 17 years. Kamar Jamil received a life sentence with a minimum tariff of 12 years. Assad
Hussain and Zeeshan Ahmed were both jailed for seven years. In a further trial involving 3 gang members in 2018, Mohammed Karrar was again found guilty and sentenced to 18 years in 2019, while Bassam Karrar received 10 years and Anjum Dogar received 20 years.
511:, he "acted in the belief that the authorities would never challenge him—something that for years proved to be true." He branded the buttocks of one under-aged victim with his initial, "M", marking her as his property and charged men between £400 and £600 to have sex with her. Karrar visited the girl at her house where she was a carer for her deaf and ill parents. He performed an illegal abortion on the same girl.
2927:
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713:
580:, the Deputy Children's Commissioner, who has attempted to downplay the over-representation of certain groups in sex-crimes against children. While expressing relief that some action was now being taken against the problem, she concluded that trouble was still in store: "what remains is a political class still far too timid to challenge growing and alarming separatism in Muslim education and law."
653:
for "many errors" and not acting sooner. Among the failings are a culture of denial among the professionals who blamed girls for precocious and difficult behaviour, blamed girls for putting themselves at risk of harm, tolerated underage sexual activity by girls with older men, and failed to recognize
631:
In June 2013 the gang received sentences totalling 95 years for what the presiding judge, Judge Peter Rook, described as "a series of sexual crimes of the utmost depravity". Brothers
Mohammed and Bassam Karrar received life sentences, with minimum tariffs of 20 years for Mohammed Karrar and 15 years
55:
The first seven men included two pairs of brothers with three other men in June 2013. One of the gang was further convicted further in June 2014 along with two other men. Three of the men were further convicted in another trial in
January 2019 under another operation named Operation Silk. There were
514:
He regularly had sex with her when she was the age of 12. His brother had a parallel relationship with her, although she did not see him as often. Before she reached her teens, she was pregnant. When
Mohammed Karrar found out, he was “fucking fuming” with her for allowing it to happen and told her,
484:
where men paid to have sex with them. The girls were subjected to extreme sexual violence, biting, suffocating, and burning. They were tortured with knives, baseball bats, and meat cleavers and were occasionally urinated upon. One 14-year-old girl was burned with a lighter when she tried to resist
593:
pointed out that there was a danger of the media, fuelled on a toxic mixture of "combination of depravity and self-righteous indignation", peddling vicious stereotypes about
Pakistani Muslim culture. He pointed out that these sexual crimes were not confined to Pakistani Muslims or directed purely
555:
Hargey blames the agencies of the state, including the police, social services and the care system, who ″seemed eager to ignore the sickening exploitation that was happening before their eyes. Terrified of accusations of racism, desperate not to undermine the official creed of cultural diversity,
159:
Found guilty of two counts of conspiracy to rape, four counts of rape of a child, one count of using an instrument to procure miscarriage, two counts of trafficking, one count of assault of a child by penetration, two counts of child prostitution, three counts of rape, two counts of conspiracy to
683:
In
December 2017, Quilliam released a report entitled "Group Based Child Sexual Exploitation – Dissecting Grooming Gangs", concluding that 84% of offenders were of South Asian heritage. This review was criticised for its poor methodology by Ella Cockbain and Waqas Tufail, in their paper "Failing
467:
and heroin. After the girls became dependent on the men, they were guarded so they could not escape and threatened that they and their families would be harmed if they tried to leave. The girls were raped vaginally, orally, and anally, sometimes by several men, the abuse occasionally lasting for
688:
was released, stating 'seems most likely that the ethnicity of group-based CSE offenders is in line with CSA more generally and with the general population, with the majority of offenders being White', and that it is not possible to conclude that Asian men are disproportionately engaged in such
674:
and
Oxfordshire, made a number of proposals, including up to five years in jail for teachers, councillors, and social workers in England and Wales who failed to protect children, unlimited fines for individuals and organisations shown to have let children down, and a national helpline to enable
31:
launched
Operation Bullfinch in May 2011 to investigate allegations of historical sexual abuse, leading to ten men being convicted. Upon further allegations in 2015, Thames Valley Police then launched Operation Silk, resulting in ten more different men being convicted and Operation Spur which
644:
of the Oxford sex gang commissioned by Maggie Blyth, independent chair of the
Oxfordshire safeguarding children board, was released in March 2015. It reported that as many as 373 children, 50 of them boys, may have been targeted for sex in Oxfordshire in sixteen years. The report criticized
416:
Found guilty of two counts of conspiracy to rape a girl under 16, conspiracy to indecently assault a girl under 16, one count of trafficking within the UK for sexual exploitation and one count of arranging or facilitating child prostitution of a child under the age of 18 years.
56:
two further groups of men convicted under Operation Silk, eight men in June 2018 and a further two men in February 2020, along with a man who was further convicted. A man was convicted in March 2015 and two cousins convicted in July 2016. Those found guilty include:
522:
A 14-year-old girl was threatened with a gun into having sex with member of the sex ring. She said the gang members were aware she lived in a children's home and that Akhtar Dogar, a gang member, waited around the corner from the children's home in
545:
The view of some Islamic preachers towards white women can be appalling. They encourage their followers to believe that these women are habitually promiscuous, decadent, and sleazy—sins which are made all the worse by the fact that they are
550:
or non-believers. Their dress code, from miniskirts to sleeveless tops, is deemed to reflect their impure and immoral outlook. According to this mentality, these white women deserve to be punished for their behaviour by being exploited and
2815:
563:
claimed that "fear of racism" had allowed sex crimes against white girls by Pakistani Muslims to become a serious problem not only in Oxford but throughout the country. She described the Pakistani Muslim community as "essentially a
2182:
462:
From 2004 to 2012, the men groomed children from 11-15 years-old from dysfunctional backgrounds who were unlikely to be believed by others living in care homes. They were given presents, plied with alcohol, and introduced to
485:
having sex. The mother of another girl said that "she had begged social services staff to rescue her from the gang", who had "threatened to cut the girl's face off" and "slit the throats" of members of the girl's family.
540:
reported Dr Taj Hargey, imam of the Oxford Islamic Congregation, as saying that "race and religion were inextricably linked to the recent spate of grooming rings in which Muslim men have targeted under-age white girls":
657:
The report found no evidence of "wilful professional misconduct" and said that senior managers were not made aware of what was going on, and no one had been disciplined or sacked despite the errors made. The MP for
1891:
1991:
2209:
177:
Found guilty of two counts of rape, one count of rape of a child, two counts of conspiracy to rape a child, two counts of child prostitution, one count of trafficking and one count of conspiracy to rape.
1576:
2219:
1756:
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2871:
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girls had been groomed and violently controlled. The report called for research into why people of "Pakistani and/or Muslim heritage" constituted a significant number of the perpetrators.
1654:
598:, one Pakistani Muslim perpetrator had raped a member of his own community. He spotlighted voices from the Muslim community who were interrogating issues around the dysfunction there:
3026:
2538:
1621:
1984:
921:
1019:
1959:
1729:
889:
Orr, Laura (December 2013). "Ten 'Street-grooming', sexual abuse and Islamophobia: an anatomy of the Rochdale abuse scandal". In Lavelette, Michael; Penketh, Laura (eds.).
684:
victims, fuelling hate: challenging the harms of the 'Muslim grooming gangs' narrative" which was published in January 2020. In December that year, a further report by the
2966:
1977:
1880:
3011:
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1407:
1096:
994:
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and sexual vulgarity among men "who hail from the poorest, least educated, and most closed-off parts of Pakistan". Julie Siddiqi, the executive director of the
3056:
2299:
2174:
1842:
622:, has called for a change in the male dominance at the top of many Muslim organisations which may have contributed to their community's silence on grooming.
488:
One girl aged 12 was forced into prostitution. She was abused in various places around Oxford, including a flat, the Nanford Guest House, Travelodge and in
2902:
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515:“You should have been more responsible.” He went into a rage and grabbed her by the throat. Soon after, he gave her drugs and took her to
125:
Found guilty of three counts of rape, two counts of child prostitution, three counts of conspiracy to rape and one count of trafficking.
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Found guilty of five counts of rape, three counts of conspiracy to rape, two counts of child prostitution and one count of trafficking.
2750:
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663:
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Found guilty of one count of conspiracy to rape, two counts of rape and one count of arranging or facilitating child prostitution.
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Found guilty of one count of conspiracy to rape, two counts of rape and one count of arranging or facilitating child prostitution.
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was an alleged group of 22 men who were convicted of various sexual offences against underage girls in the English city of
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Found guilty of five counts of rape, two counts of conspiracy to rape and one count of arranging child prostitution.
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and described her experiences as "living hell". She said that the men sometimes seemed to be aroused by her crying.
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2041:
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650:
619:
1381:
843:"The horrors of the Oxford child sex abuse case must not be used as an excuse for covert racism | Article Archive"
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Found guilty of seven counts of rape, eight counts of indecent assault and one count of supplying a class B drug.
382:
Found guilty of eight counts of rape, seven counts of indecent assault and one count of supplying a class B drug.
2830:
2703:
2391:
2386:
2240:
2121:
922:"Oxford sex grooming gang exploited girls because of officials' reluctance to condemn underaged sex, review says"
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where she lived. She described being transported around flats, guest houses and parks where she was then raped.
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1757:"The Oxford child sex abuse case shows how the media talks in stereotypes but misses the big picture"
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40:
28:
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against white victims: a Turkish Muslim gang in London had targeted a Bangladeshi girl and, in the
536:
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365:
Found guilty of four counts of indecent assault, false imprisonment and supplying a class B drug.
2187:
2116:
1934:
1622:"Oxford child sex gang victim tells her story: 'It seemed normal, but it wasn't – I was a child'"
975:
900:
718:
516:
1915:"Failing victims, fuelling hate: Challenging the harms of the 'Muslim grooming gangs' narrative"
948:"Failing victims, fuelling hate: challenging the harms of the 'Muslim grooming gangs' narrative"
195:
Found guilty of two counts of sexual activity with a child and perverting the court of justice.
995:"Asian grooming gangs: how ethnicity made authorities wary of investigating child sexual abuse"
507:
Mohammed Karrar, the ringleader of the gang was "brazen in his exploitation". According to the
468:
several days at a time. Some girls were groomed to be prostitutes and taken to guest houses in
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In March 2015, a report revealed that more than 300 children, mostly girls from the city of
1969:
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1938:
1020:"UK vows action against grooming gangs. But why are British Pakistanis under scanner"
979:
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2416:
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1730:"Oxford grooming gang: We will regret ignoring Asian thugs who target white girls"
712:
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1352:"UPDATE: Child sex monsters caged for "horrendous abuse" of teenager in Oxford"
2609:
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1930:
1843:"Professionals blamed Oxfordshire girls for their sexual abuse, report finds"
1544:"Oxford gang skillfully groomed young victims then sold them for £600 a time"
1214:
971:
963:
263:
Found guilty of rape, two counts of indecent assault and supplying cannabis.
39:, could have been groomed and sexually exploited in the area. It accused the
2816:
Protection of Children and Prevention of Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2005
2756:
2732:
2720:
2614:
2579:
2406:
1408:"Gang of nine Asian men in Oxford groomed girls as young as 11, court hears"
666:, called on the government to set up an independent inquiry. Prime Minister
615:
603:
501:
1678:"Oxford child sex abuse ring witness tells court: I did not have a choice"
1572:"Girl was 'sold' aged 11, drugged and raped by child sex ring, court told"
1382:"Oxford gang drugged young girls and sold them as prostitutes, court told"
1047:"Serious case review slams police failure in serial abuse of Oxford girls"
576:
on a liberal, permissive planet it despises". She criticised the views of
1954:
A new Home Office report admits grooming gangs are not a ‘Muslim problem'
1860:
1128:"Oxford child sex abuse ring: seven jailed for torture and rape of girls"
611:
489:
469:
246:
Found guilty of five counts of rape and two counts of indecent assault.
2768:
670:, speaking at a summit to address the issue after similar scandals in
519:, where a backstreet abortion was performed with a hooked instrument.
1097:"Group-based Child Sexual Exploitation: Characteristics of Offending"
607:
573:
477:
36:
24:
1494:"Oxford child sex abuse ring 'threatened to cut off victim's face'"
818:"Top Islamic scholar takes leave from Oxford over sex abuse probes"
547:
473:
1203:"Eight members of Oxford grooming ring jailed for sexual assault"
1881:"British-Pakistani researchers say grooming gangs are 84% Asian"
791:"Oxford sex abuse: Ethnicity of perpetrators 'needs addressing'"
1973:
500:
from where men had stubbed out their cigarettes. She began to
1821:"Oxfordshire grooming victims may have totalled 373 children"
1785:"Oxford grooming trial: Man denies raping schoolgirl in flat"
1068:"Oxfordshire grooming victims may have totalled 373 children"
892:
Race, Racism and Social Work: Contemporary issues and debates
142:
Found guilty of two counts of sexual activity with a child.
1441:"Bullfinch: Girl 1 'so abused she never wanted to wake up'"
1471:"Oxford exploitation trial: Girl had 'back-room abortion'"
1333:"Child sex gang which groomed girls across Oxford jailed"
348:
Found guilty of indecent assault and false imprisonment.
160:
rape a child and one count of supplying a class A drug.
865:"Abuse in Oxford - turning a scandal into a race scare"
1861:"UK children suffered sex abuse on 'industrial scale'"
1701:"'Imams Promote Grooming Rings', Muslim Leader Claims"
1599:"Bullfinch Day 3: Girl, 11, branded and sold to gang"
1803:"Oxford grooming gang members handed life sentences"
1650:"Oxford child sex gang 'threatened victim with gun'"
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2007:
1951:Ella Cockbain; Waqas Tufail (December 19th, 2020).
1542:Laville, Sandra; Topping, Alexandra (14 May 2013).
1236:"Three jailed for using girl as 'sexual commodity'"
1879:
1648:
1570:
1521:"Oxford 'child sex ring committed depraved abuse'"
1836:
1834:
280:Found guilty of guilty of three counts of rape.
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3027:British people convicted of child sexual abuse
1465:
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946:Cockbain, Ella; Tufail, Waqas (January 2020).
766:"How the net closed on Oxford's grooming gang"
1985:
8:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1121:
1119:
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556:they took no action against obvious abuse."
2545:Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse
1288:"Men jailed for raping and exploiting girl"
704:List of sexual abuses perpetrated by groups
699:Muslim grooming gangs in the United Kingdom
297:Found guilty of rape and indecent assault.
2467:
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1992:
1978:
1970:
1176:"Grooming gang members get life sentences"
1062:
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901:10.1332/policypress/9781447307082.003.0011
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2967:Child prostitution in the United Kingdom
2740:Exposure: The Other Side of Jimmy Savile
2001:Child sexual abuse in the United Kingdom
1401:
1399:
212:Found guilty of serious sexual assault.
3012:Human trafficking in the United Kingdom
2821:Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
731:
16:Child sex abuse ring in Oxford, England
1913:Cockbain, Ella; Tufail, Waqas (2020).
1676:Topping, Alexandra (21 January 2013).
1515:
1513:
1511:
1380:Topping, Alexandra (15 January 2013).
1150:"Three guilty in teen sex attack case"
675:professionals to report bad practice.
2295:Church of England and Church in Wales
7:
2806:Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000
2691:The Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon
1647:Rawlinson, Kevin (21 January 2013).
1569:Rawlinson, Kevin (17 January 2013).
1262:"Oxford child sex trafficker jailed"
331:Found guilty of conspiracy to rape.
3057:Incidents of violence against girls
2826:Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009
2422:South Wales paternal sex abuse case
1492:Topping, Alexandra (26 June 2013).
1126:Topping, Alexandra (27 June 2013).
2903:Catholic Church sexual abuse cases
559:In the same newspaper, journalist
314:Found guilty of indecent assault.
14:
2962:2013 disestablishments in England
2952:2006 crimes in the United Kingdom
2887:Timeline of young people's rights
2841:Violent and Sex Offender Register
492:Woods. She frequently contracted
2926:
2925:
2916:
2915:
1963:. Retrieved December 19th, 2020.
1894:from the original on 24 May 2022
1878:Barnes, Tom (10 December 2017).
1728:Pearson, Allison (15 May 2013).
1657:from the original on 24 May 2022
1620:Rawlinson, Kevin (15 May 2013).
1579:from the original on 24 May 2022
1406:Marsden, Sam (15 January 2013).
1314:"Oxford grooming gang: profiles"
993:Hill, Graham (20 January 2020).
711:
229:Found guilty of sexual assault.
2877:Paedophile Information Exchange
2791:Protection of Children Act 1978
2786:Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885
1841:Sandra Laville (3 March 2015).
1201:Morris, Steven (13 June 2018).
1045:Sandra Laville (1 March 2015).
764:Race, Michael (13 March 2020).
431:Ferry Hinksey Road, West Oxford
2957:2006 establishments in England
2347:Berkhamsted paedophile network
2327:Westminster paedophile dossier
1601:. Oxford Mail. 18 January 2013
1350:Bagdi, Annabal (8 July 2016).
740:"What is Operation Bullfinch?"
43:, then led by Chief Constable
1:
3052:Child sexual abuse in England
2728:The Execution of Gary Glitter
2362:Charlene Downes disappearance
1755:Vallely, Paul (19 May 2013).
1699:Dixon, Hayley (16 May 2013).
1331:Walker, Will (13 June 2018).
2183:Arundel and Brighton diocese
1102:. Home Office. December 2020
606:has criticised a culture of
328:Littlegreen Lane, Birmingham
3017:Islam-related controversies
2243:(Leicestershire care homes)
21:Oxford child sex abuse ring
3073:
2709:Cambridge University Press
2317:Medomsley Detention Centre
2262:Nottinghamshire care homes
651:Oxfordshire County Council
620:Islamic Society of Britain
2911:
2836:Sexual offences in the UK
2387:Murder of Alesha MacPhail
2009:Localised grooming groups
379:Herschel Crescent, Oxford
2811:Sexual Offences Act 2003
2539:Northern Ireland Inquiry
2340:Other high-profile cases
1931:10.1177/0306396819895727
964:10.1177/0306396819895727
260:Wykeham Crescent, Oxford
3007:Pakistani-British gangs
2921:Category:Child abuse UK
2431:Discredited allegations
2392:Norwich paedophile ring
2352:Birmingham bathing cult
2155:Dame Janet Smith Review
1653:. London: Independent.
1575:. London: Independent.
448:Riverside Court, Oxford
413:Friars Street, Hereford
345:Northfield Road, Bolton
27:between 1998 and 2012.
2931:Category:Sex crimes UK
2801:Sex Offenders Act 1997
2257:North Wales care homes
2247:Jersey children's home
2163:Giving Victims a Voice
1523:. BBC. 15 January 2013
1473:. BBC. 17 January 2013
553:
3002:Sex crimes in England
2412:Sheffield incest case
863:admin (21 May 2013).
822:www.timesofisrael.com
568:that has landed like
362:Starwort Path, Oxford
277:Dashwood Road, Oxford
2972:Crime in Oxfordshire
2630:Mark Williams-Thomas
2220:English Benedictines
2215:Comboni Missionaries
647:Thames Valley Police
294:Ashhurst Way, Oxford
41:Thames Valley Police
29:Thames Valley Police
2977:Forced prostitution
2210:Cardiff archdiocese
2091:Within institutions
1734:The Daily Telegraph
1706:The Daily Telegraph
1413:The Daily Telegraph
642:serious case review
537:The Daily Telegraph
496:and was covered in
311:Bodley Road, Oxford
243:Iffley Road, Oxford
3042:Torture in England
2704:Speak of the Devil
2252:Kincora Boys' Home
1809:. 21 January 2019.
1791:. 5 December 2018.
1680:. London: Guardian
1496:. London: Guardian
1384:. London: Guardian
1242:. 13 February 2020
1130:. London: Guardian
719:Oxfordshire portal
88:Summertown, Oxford
3037:Trials in England
3022:Racism in England
2997:History of Oxford
2939:
2938:
2796:Children Act 1989
2752:National Treasure
2696:Pall Mall Gazette
2678:
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2471:Police operations
2448:Operation Midland
2377:Kidwelly sex cult
2335:
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1182:. 21 January 2019
566:Victorian society
455:
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396:Wood Farm, Oxford
192:Wood Farm, Oxford
139:Rose Hill, Oxford
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2605:Jean La Fontaine
2585:Geoffrey Dickens
2551:Scottish Inquiry
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2322:Plymouth nursery
2290:Caldicott School
2229:Children's homes
2122:Stoke Mandeville
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1994:
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1960:Archived Version
1957:. The Guardian.
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3032:2013 in England
2992:Rape in England
2982:Child sex rings
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2896:Other templates
2891:
2867:Lantern Project
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2645:Richard Webster
2562:
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2519:Bichard Inquiry
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1887:The Independent
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1867:. 3 March 2015.
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1827:. 3 March 2015.
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1320:. 14 May 2013.
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1294:. 8 July 2016
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465:crack cocaine
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2716:Paedogeddon
2635:Nazir Afzal
2595:Janet Smith
2541:(2014–2016)
2529:(2013–2014)
2526:Jay Inquiry
2521:(2003–2004)
2372:Ian Watkins
2236:Cyril Smith
2158:(2012–2016)
2144:Huw Edwards
2139:Stuart Hall
2129:Rolf Harris
1925:(3): 3–32.
1898:16 December
1356:Oxford Mail
1337:Oxford Mail
1246:15 February
1220:15 February
1186:15 February
1160:15 February
1106:21 December
1024:India Today
958:(3): 3–32.
749:15 February
686:Home Office
660:Oxford East
636:2015 report
482:Bournemouth
122:East Oxford
105:East Oxford
2946:Categories
2670:Tom Watson
2610:Jim Gamble
2570:Alexis Jay
2241:Frank Beck
2188:Ampleforth
2052:Manchester
1684:21 January
1661:21 January
1605:20 January
1583:20 January
1527:16 January
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726:References
627:Sentencing
570:Doctor Who
476:, London,
209:Maidenhead
2757:Channel 4
2733:Channel 4
2721:Channel 4
2615:Keith Vaz
2580:Ann Cryer
2563:activists
2512:Inquiries
2438:Cleveland
2407:Ray Teret
2272:Beechwood
2267:Amberdale
2117:Broadmoor
2077:Rotherham
2057:Newcastle
2017:Aylesbury
1939:214197388
1215:0261-3077
980:214197388
972:0306-3968
672:Rotherham
616:tribalism
604:Bina Shah
551:degraded.
502:self-harm
494:chlamydia
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2300:Football
2193:Downside
2072:Rochdale
2047:Keighley
1892:Archived
1765:. London
1736:. London
1709:. London
1655:Archived
1628:. London
1577:Archived
1550:. London
1416:. London
1298:13 March
1292:BBC News
1272:13 March
1266:BBC News
1240:BBC News
1180:BBC News
1154:BBC News
1072:BBC News
795:BBC News
775:13 March
770:BBC News
744:ITV News
693:See also
689:crimes.
612:misogyny
509:Guardian
490:Shotover
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2112:scandal
2082:Telford
2037:Halifax
2027:Bristol
2022:Banbury
1769:18 June
1740:18 June
1713:18 June
1632:18 June
1500:26 June
1134:27 June
1078:3 March
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237:Hussain
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2535:(2014)
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2455:Orkney
2166:(2013)
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