376:
33:
51:
201:
406:
species, it has considerable variation in the color of the upperside. In mainland South
America, it is typically metallic coppery-red, sometimes with greenish highlights, but occasionally it can be metallic green or rarely black with reddish tones. On the island of Trinidad, the upperside is entirely
429:, but in related species of dung beetles where it has been studied the distinct male morphotypes are associated with different reproductive tactics: major males fight for females and guard and defend burrows actively, while minor males evade fights and try to
316:
for the green form of the South
American mainland. However, the green form occurs uncommonly but widely together with the typical coppery-red form of the South American mainland, leading later authorities to recognize the former as a
390:: Major males are horned and females are hornless, while minor males are hornless and often smaller than major males. Females and minor males differ in details of the head shape, specifically the transverse carina.
367:
mostly lives in tropical humid forests, but may also occur in savanna and can tolerate certain degree of habitat changes. It occurs from near sea level to an altitude of 1,500 m (4,900 ft).
227:
species studied by zoologist in the early 18th century. The first illustration of an "exceedingly beautiful shining gold and red, three horned beetle" was published in 1747 by
523:
Boilly, O.; Lapèze, J.; Dalens, P.-H.; Giuglaris, J.-L.; Touroult, J. (2016). "Les
Phanaeini de Guyane: liste commentée, clés et iconographie (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)".
1057:
662:
Entomologie, ou, Histoire naturelle des insectes: avec leurs caractères génériques et spécifiques, leur description, leur synonymie, et leur enluminée / Coléoptères
1070:
1031:
1141:
1126:
375:
422:
is attracted to dung, carrion and fruits as food resources, but only commonly feeds and breeds on dung from mammals, less frequently carrion.
32:
1156:
1146:
228:
209:
1151:
451:
Systema naturae: per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
200:
1131:
1121:
262:
808:
Ferrer-Paris, José R.; Lozano, Cecilia; Cardozo-Urdaneta, Arlene; Thomas
Cabianca, Arianna (2016). "Indicative response of
574:
Zoophilacium
Gronovianum: exhibens animalia quadrupeda, amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes, mollusca, testacea, et zoophyta
548:(Dutch translation ed.). Haarlem: C. H. Bohn en H. de Wit. pp. 2nd Volume, Part 1, pag. 29–30, Tab. B. Fig. 8.
386:
Adults are 14–25 mm (0.55–0.98 in) long, with average being 21 mm (0.83 in). The species show sexual
247:, and was subsequently included in most publications regarding exotic insects in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
1005:
232:
896:
Rowland, JM; Emlen, DJ (2009). "Two thresholds, three male forms result in facultative male trimorphism in beetles".
849:"Pulp handling by vertebrate seed dispersers increases palm seed predation by bruchid beetles in the northern Amazon"
776:"Comparative skeletal morphology, systematics and evolution of the phanaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)"
50:
1136:
1116:
1075:
986:
948:
387:
318:
1010:
577:. Vol. fasc.1-3. Lugduni Batavorum:Apud Theodorum Haak et Socium et Samuelem et Johannem Luchtmans.
1111:
236:
145:
812:
Linné (Coleoptera: Scarabaidae) to vegetation condition in the basin of the
Orinoco river, Venezuela".
1018:
905:
860:
929:
878:
829:
723:
430:
45:
1062:
1083:
921:
695:
689:
277:
1088:
913:
868:
821:
749:
666:
637:
609:
578:
549:
454:
717:
909:
864:
1105:
873:
848:
833:
543:
334:
330:
240:
161:
882:
759:
676:
660:
647:
588:
464:
933:
775:
559:
358:
290:
181:
112:
631:
572:
971:
1044:
980:
495:
Edmonds, W.D.; Zidek, J. (2004). "Revision of the
Neotropical dung beetle genus
297:
282:
258:
224:
177:
636:. Paris, France: Société Bibliophile. pp. Tome deuxieme, Premiere partie.
613:
825:
402:
301:
271:
185:
122:
600:
Wheeler, Alwyne C. (2011). "The zoophylacium of
Laurens Theodore Gronovius".
582:
917:
753:
670:
641:
458:
346:
281:-like species with a long, spiniform extension of the anterior angle of the
82:
62:
925:
553:
235:
in 1764, but the names applied were non-binomial and therefore invalid for
997:
719:
Synonymia insectorum, oder: Versuch einer synonymie aller bisher bekannten
691:
Onomatologia
Historiae Naturalis Completa oder vollständiges ..., Volume 6
453:(Ed. 12, reformata. ed.). Holmiae:Impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii.
965:
397:
350:
342:
309:
266:
213:
189:
1036:
300:
were described as aberrations by
Olsoufieff in 1924, and formalised as
1049:
354:
338:
102:
92:
72:
942:
374:
199:
1023:
946:
357:, and Trinidad. The vast majority of its range is north of the
694:. Ulm, Frankfurt und Leipzig: Stettinische Handlung. pp.
602:
Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History
407:
black and thus it is considered as a separate subspecies,
396:
has a colored upperside and black head and underside; the
748:. Hamburgi et Kilonii: Impensis Carol. Ernest. Bohnii.
803:
801:
955:
625:
623:
769:
767:
269:of Le Compte de Castelnau, proposed the genus
665:. Paris, France: De l'Imprimerie de Baudoin.
8:
633:Histoire naturelle des insectes, coléoptères
518:
516:
514:
188:species from northeastern South America and
688:Gesellschaft Naturforschende Ă„rzte (1775).
943:
499:(Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini)".
329:This species largely is restricted to the
31:
20:
872:
722:. Gedruckt bey H. A. Nordström. pp.
571:Gronovius, Laurentius Theodorus (1781).
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
441:
239:purposes. It was later re-described by
231:, and a first description was done by
780:University of Kansas Science Bulletin
433:to the burrows to mate with females.
7:
744:Fabricius, Johann Christian (1781).
630:Castelnau, M. (Le Comte de) (1850).
525:ACOREP-France: Coléoptères de Guyane
659:Olivier, Guillaume Antoine (1789).
545:De natuurlyke historie der insecten
304:by Arnaud in 2002, using the names
847:Silvius, KM; Fragoso, JMV (2002).
14:
542:Rösel, August Johan (1764–1768).
192:where it mostly inhabits forest.
874:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.00728.x
229:August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof
49:
716:Schoenherr, Carl Johan (1806).
253:was once assigned to the genus
1142:Insects of Trinidad and Tobago
1127:Invertebrates of French Guiana
814:Journal of Insect Conservation
275:to include several species of
1:
321:, not a separate subspecies.
289:was later designated as the
1157:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
425:It has not been studied in
233:Laurens Theodorus Gronovius
1173:
1147:Invertebrates of Venezuela
614:10.3366/jsbnh.1956.3.3.152
1152:Beetles described in 1767
826:10.1007/s10841-016-9886-6
204:Original Illustration of
196:Taxonomy and nomenclature
151:
144:
46:Scientific classification
44:
39:
30:
23:
583:10.5962/bhl.title.115893
449:Linné, Carl von (1767).
325:Distribution and habitat
308:for the black form from
1132:Invertebrates of Guyana
918:10.1126/science.1167345
774:Edmonds, W. D. (1972).
754:10.5962/bhl.title.11658
671:10.5962/bhl.title.61905
642:10.5962/bhl.title.36538
459:10.5962/bhl.title.68927
1122:Arthropods of Colombia
554:10.5962/bhl.title.7362
409:O. festivum nigerrimum
383:
306:O. festivum nigerrimum
217:
378:
314:O. festivum viridanum
203:
333:and can be found in
265:, writing under the
223:was among the first
182:scarab beetle family
987:Oxysternon festivum
957:Oxysternon festivum
910:2009Sci...323..773R
865:2002JEcol..90.1024S
810:Oxysternon festivum
400:is smooth. As most
381:Oxysternon festivum
257:, but the name was
245:Scarabaeus festivus
221:Oxysternon festivum
206:Oxysternon festivum
173:Oxysternon festivum
155:Oxysternon festivum
25:Oxysternon festivum
853:Journal of Ecology
746:Species insectorum
501:Folia Heyrovskyana
384:
261:and thus invalid.
243:under the name of
218:
184:. It is a common,
1137:Fauna of Suriname
1117:Beetles of Brazil
1099:
1098:
1084:Open Tree of Life
949:Taxon identifiers
904:(5915): 773–776.
169:
168:
16:Species of beetle
1164:
1092:
1091:
1079:
1078:
1066:
1065:
1053:
1052:
1040:
1039:
1027:
1026:
1014:
1013:
1001:
1000:
991:
990:
989:
976:
975:
974:
944:
938:
937:
893:
887:
886:
876:
859:(6): 1024–1032.
844:
838:
837:
805:
796:
795:
793:
791:
771:
762:
757:
741:
735:
734:
732:
730:
713:
707:
706:
704:
702:
685:
679:
674:
656:
650:
645:
627:
618:
617:
597:
591:
586:
568:
562:
557:
539:
533:
532:
520:
509:
508:
492:
467:
462:
446:
212:, designated as
176:is a species of
157:
137:O. festivum
54:
53:
35:
21:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1087:
1082:
1074:
1069:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1022:
1017:
1009:
1004:
996:
994:
985:
984:
979:
970:
969:
964:
951:
941:
895:
894:
890:
846:
845:
841:
807:
806:
799:
789:
787:
773:
772:
765:
743:
742:
738:
728:
726:
715:
714:
710:
700:
698:
687:
686:
682:
658:
657:
653:
629:
628:
621:
599:
598:
594:
570:
569:
565:
541:
540:
536:
522:
521:
512:
494:
493:
470:
448:
447:
443:
439:
417:
373:
353:, northeastern
327:
293:of this genus.
198:
165:
159:
153:
140:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1170:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1080:
1067:
1054:
1041:
1028:
1015:
1002:
992:
977:
961:
959:
953:
952:
947:
940:
939:
888:
839:
820:(3): 527–538.
797:
763:
736:
708:
680:
651:
619:
608:(3): 152–157.
592:
563:
534:
510:
468:
440:
438:
435:
416:
413:
372:
369:
326:
323:
197:
194:
167:
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149:
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128:
127:
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56:
55:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1169:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
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1135:
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1128:
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1118:
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1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1090:
1085:
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1077:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
988:
982:
978:
973:
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962:
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950:
945:
935:
931:
927:
923:
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899:
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862:
858:
854:
850:
843:
840:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
804:
802:
798:
786:(11): 731–874
785:
781:
777:
770:
768:
764:
761:
755:
751:
747:
740:
737:
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721:
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389:
382:
377:
370:
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366:
362:
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356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:French Guiana
332:
331:Guiana Shield
324:
322:
320:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:
274:
273:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
246:
242:
241:Carl Linnaeus
238:
237:nomenclatural
234:
230:
226:
222:
215:
211:
207:
202:
195:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:
163:
158:
156:
150:
147:
146:Binomial name
143:
139:
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133:
130:
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126:
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118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
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68:
67:
64:
61:
58:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1112:Scarabaeidae
956:
901:
897:
891:
856:
852:
842:
817:
813:
809:
788:. Retrieved
783:
779:
745:
739:
727:. Retrieved
718:
711:
699:. Retrieved
690:
683:
661:
654:
632:
605:
601:
595:
573:
566:
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500:
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450:
444:
426:
424:
419:
418:
408:
401:
393:
392:
388:polymorphism
385:
380:
364:
363:
359:Amazon River
328:
313:
305:
298:color phases
295:
291:type species
286:
276:
270:
254:
250:
249:
244:
220:
219:
205:
172:
171:
170:
154:
152:
136:
135:
123:
113:Scarabaeidae
24:
18:
1045:iNaturalist
981:Wikispecies
427:O. festivum
420:O. festivum
394:O. festivum
365:O. festivum
287:O. festivum
283:metasternum
259:preoccupied
251:O. festivum
225:dung beetle
178:dung beetle
1106:Categories
497:Oxysternon
437:References
403:Oxysternon
371:Appearance
349:, eastern
302:subspecies
272:Oxysternon
255:Sternaspis
124:Oxysternon
103:Coleoptera
83:Arthropoda
972:Q14921279
834:254597915
415:Behaviour
347:Venezuela
131:Species:
69:Kingdom:
63:Eukaryota
1063:10430482
995:BioLib:
966:Wikidata
926:19197062
883:86303771
531:: 86–97.
398:pronotum
351:Colombia
343:Suriname
310:Trinidad
267:pen name
214:holotype
190:Trinidad
162:Linnaeus
109:Family:
79:Phylum:
73:Animalia
59:Domain:
1037:1089059
934:5485816
906:Bibcode
898:Science
861:Bibcode
790:17 June
758:, pag.
729:18 June
701:18 June
675:, pag.
646:, pag.
587:, pag.
558:, pag.
507:: 1–58.
379:Female
278:Phaneus
263:Laporte
186:diurnal
180:of the
119:Genus:
99:Order:
93:Insecta
89:Class:
1089:547267
1076:506444
1050:635095
1024:294870
1011:199055
998:503602
932:
924:
881:
832:
355:Brazil
339:Guyana
164:, 1767
1058:IRMNG
930:S2CID
879:S2CID
830:S2CID
463:pag.
431:sneak
319:morph
210:Rösel
40:male
1071:NCBI
1032:GBIF
1006:BOLD
922:PMID
792:2016
731:2016
703:2016
312:and
296:Two
1019:EoL
914:doi
902:323
869:doi
822:doi
750:doi
696:917
677:110
667:doi
638:doi
610:doi
589:149
579:doi
550:doi
465:552
455:doi
208:by
1108::
1086::
1073::
1060::
1047::
1034::
1021::
1008::
983::
968::
928:.
920:.
912:.
900:.
877:.
867:.
857:90
855:.
851:.
828:.
818:20
816:.
800:^
784:49
782:.
778:.
766:^
760:23
724:35
648:82
622:^
604:.
560:29
527:.
513:^
505:11
503:.
471:^
411:.
361:.
345:,
341:,
337:,
285:.
936:.
916::
908::
885:.
871::
863::
836:.
824::
794:.
756:.
752::
733:.
705:.
673:.
669::
644:.
640::
616:.
612::
606:3
585:.
581::
556:.
552::
529:X
461:.
457::
216:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
