390:, including Iran. OAPEC resolved to cut oil production by 5% monthly "until the Israeli forces are completely evacuated from all the Arab territories occupied in the June 1967 war". The embargo would last for some five months before it was lifted in March 1974 after negotiations at the Washington Oil Summit. The embargo's after-effects would linger through the rest of the decade and beyond. For the oil-exporting countries, the embargo was the first experience of leveraging their collective production for political gains. A number of the member nations would use this sense of control to renegotiate the contracts they had made with the companies that had discovered and exploited their resources. The vastly increased revenues would prove addictive, and a unified OAPEC oil embargo was never again possible.
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371:, considering OAPEC too conservative. Equally the three founders considered Iraq too radical to be desirable as a member. However, by early 1972, the criterion for admission had changed to oil being a significant source of revenue (rather than the principal source) of a prospective member nation; and Algeria, Iraq, Syria and Egypt had been admitted. Consequently, OAPEC became a much more activist organization, contrary to the original intention.
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organization's goals and actions are being achieved and implemented. The
Executive Bureau assists the Council of Ministers by meet at least three times a year to review the budget, approve staff regulations, and develops an agenda for the Council of Ministers depending on their analyses of the organizations activities. One senior official from each member state serves on the Executive Bureau.
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367:. This organizational exclusivity was bolstered by an additional rule in the organization's charter requiring the three founders' approval of all new members. The original aim was to control the economic weapon of potential oil embargo and prevent its use caused by popular emotion. Iraq initially declined to join, preferring to work under the umbrella of the
351:. Such use of the economic weapon of oil embargo in the struggle against Israel had been regularly proposed at Arab Petroleum Congresses, but it took the Six-Day War for the embargo to happen. However, Saudi Arabia's oil production was up by 9% that year, and the main embargo lasted only ten days and was completely ended by the
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OAPEC consists of the
Council of Ministers that holds the supreme authority over the Executive Bureau, the General Secretariat, and the Judicial Tribunal. The Council of Ministers is formed by each member state's minister of petroleum and they work together to construct general policy and ensure the
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The
General Secretariat is led by the Secretary General, who is currently Jamal Essa Al Loughani, and includes four departments: Finance and Administrative Affairs; Information and Library; Economics; and Technical Affairs. The Economics Department and the Technical Affairs Department jointly form
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The
Judicial Tribunal mitigates disputes between member states; interpretations of the OAPEC Agreement; disputes with a petroleum company operating in its member states' territory, and anything else that falls into OAPEC's jurisdiction or that the Council of Ministers submits to the tribunal. The
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as well as maintaining strong relations among themselves; to provide legitimate means to preserve the members' individual and collective efforts within the industry; unite on-going efforts for the procurement of oil; provide access to consumer markets on fair and reasonable terms; and provide
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Judicial
Tribunal must unevenly consist of at least seven and no more than eleven judges from Arab countries. The tribunal's judgments are final and binding, and will be enforceable within the territories of residing members.
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OAPEC was originally intended to be a conservative Arab political organization which, by restricting membership to countries whose main export was oil, would exclude governments seen as radical – such as those of
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was a turning point for the organization. In
October of that year, the forces of Egypt and Syria attempted to overwhelm the state of Israel in an offensive later known as the
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314:. OAPEC's primary objective is safeguarding the cooperation of numerous members in various aspects of economic activity within the
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479:"Foreign Relations of the United States 1964–1968, Volume XXXIV Energy, Diplomacy, and Global Issues, Document 260"
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382:. On 16 October, ten days after the war's start, Kuwait hosted separate meetings of both OAPEC and the
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focusing on organizing cooperation in oil development, collective projects, and regional integration.
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conditions, adequate capital, and experience of investors in the oil industry.
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As of
December 2020, OAPEC has 11 members countries, 6 of which are also
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On 9 January 1968, three of the then–most conservative Arab oil states –
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Will Iraq Be a Global Gas Pump? The (Re)Making of a Petro-State
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Regional
Surveys of the World: The Middle East and North Africa
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the Arab Center for Energy
Studies, established in 1983.
306:) is a multi-governmental organization headquartered in
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In 1979, Egypt was expelled from OAPEC for signing the
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which coordinates energy policies among oil-producing
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Kuwait-based energy policy coordinating organization
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411:OAPEC is regarded as a regional, specialized
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602:. Europa Publications. 2003. p. 1313.
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404:(founded in 1959) merged into OAPEC's
575:"Secretary General Biography | OAPEC"
304:منظمة الأقطار العربية المصدرة للبترول
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53:Map of OAPEC Members and their status
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677:OAPEC information from Saudi Arabia
454:List of countries by oil production
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553:"The Tenth Arab Energy Conference"
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282:https://www.oapecorg.org/Home
764:Foreign relations of Tunisia
724:Foreign relations of Bahrain
719:Foreign relations of Algeria
504:. Basic Books. p. 239.
339:– agreed at a conference in
739:Foreign relations of Kuwait
688:OPEC and OAPEC, from Kuwait
400:In 1982, the Arab League's
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759:Foreign relations of Syria
749:Foreign relations of Qatar
744:Foreign relations of Libya
729:Foreign relations of Egypt
531:. Routledge. p. 363.
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59:Administrative center
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734:Foreign relations of Iraq
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245:• Secretary General
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419:Organizational structure
30:Not to be confused with
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402:Arab Petroleum Congress
406:Arab Energy Conference
263:; 56 years ago
249:Jamal Essa Al Loughani
528:Crisis & Response
500:Kelly, J.B. (1980).
261:January 9, 1968
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779:Petroleum economics
702:The Huffington Post
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347:in response to the
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646:"Member Countries"
624:"Welcome to OAPEC"
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386:members of
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559:22 January
268:1968-01-09
97:Membership
465:Footnotes
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584:24 March
448:See also
684:website
673:website
648:. OAPEC
626:. OAPEC
555:. OAPEC
365:Algeria
323:History
278:Website
266: (
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18:OAPEC
682:OPEC
654:2020
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604:ISBN
586:2024
561:2017
533:ISBN
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