Pepper spray - Knowledge (XXG)

1867:: Code of Virginia § 18.2-312. Illegal use of tear gas, phosgene, and other gases. "If any person maliciously releases or cause or procure to be released in any private home, place of business or place of public gathering any tear gas, mustard gas, phosgene gas or other noxious or nauseating gases or mixtures of chemicals designed to, and capable of, producing vile or injurious or nauseating odors or gases, and bodily injury results to any person from such gas or odor, the offending person shall be guilty of a Class 3 felony. If such act be done unlawfully, but not maliciously, the offending person shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony. Nothing herein contained shall prevent the use of tear gas or other gases by police officers or other peace officers in the proper performance of their duties, or by any person or persons in the protection of the person, life or property." 38: 973:

the general feeling of sudden and intense searing pain about the face, nose, and throat. This is due to irritation of mucous membranes. Many people experience fear and are disoriented due to sudden restriction of vision even though it is temporary. There is associated shortness of breath, although studies performed with asthmatics have not produced any asthma attacks in those individuals, and monitoring is still needed for the individuals after exposure. Police are trained to repeatedly instruct targets to breathe normally if they complain of difficulty, as the shock of the exposure can generate considerable panic as opposed to actual physical symptoms.

1691:: Pepper spray in Switzerland is subject to the Chemicals Legislation. It may only be distributed to buyers above 18 years of age and against ID evidence. Self-service is not permitted and the customer ought to be made aware of safe storage, use and disposal. The vendor needs to possess the "Know-how for the distribution of particularly hazardous chemicals". Potential mailing has to be shipped by registered courier with the remark "to addressee only". The products must be classified and labeled at least an irritant (Xi;R36/37). Regulations for aerosol packages need to be observed. Sprays with 1792:: As of January 1, 1996 and as a result of Assembly Bill 830 (Speier), the pepper spray and Mace programs are now deregulated. Consumers will no longer be required to have the training, and a certificate is not required to purchase or possess these items. Pepper spray and Mace are available through gun shops, sporting goods stores, and other business outlets. California Penal Code Section 12400–12460 govern pepper spray use in California. Container holding the defense spray must contain no more than 2.5 ounces (71 g) net weight of aerosol spray. 964:

beyond the effects described above. Due to these studies and deaths, many law enforcement agencies have moved to include policies and training to prevent positional deaths. However, there are some scientific studies that argue the positional asphyxiation claim is a myth due to pinpoint pressure on a person. The study by two universities stressed that no pressure should be applied to the neck area. They concluded that the person's own weight is not scientifically enough to stop a person's breathing with the rest of their body supported.

1956:: Possession of pepper spray by unauthorized persons is illegal, under an amendment of the Police Offences Act 1935, being classified as an "offensive weapon". Likewise, possession of knives, batons, and any other instrument that may be considered, "Offensive Weapons" if they are possessed by an individual, in a Public Place, "Without lawful excuse", leading to confusion within the police force over what constitutes "lawful excuse". Self-defense as a lawful excuse to carry such items varies from one officer to the next. 1705: 941:(ACLU) documented 27 people in police custody who died after exposure to pepper spray in California since 1993. However, the ACLU report counts all deaths occurring within hours of exposure to pepper spray regardless of prior interaction, taser use, or if drugs are involved. In all 27 cases listed by the ACLU, the coroners' report listed other factors as the primary cause of death; in a few cases the use of pepper spray may have been a contributing factor. 864: 948:, and a UNC study in 2000 stated that the compound in peppers, capsaicin, is mildly mutagenic, and 10% of mice exposed to it developed cancer. Where the study also found many beneficial effects of capsaicin, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration released statements declaring exposure of employees to OC is an unnecessary health risk. As of 1999, it was in use by more than 2,000 public safety agencies. 759:

and 2%. The federal government of the United States has determined that bear attack deterrent sprays must contain at least 1.0% and not more than 2% CRC. Because the six different types of capsaicinoids under the CRC heading has different levels of potency (up to 2× on the SHU scale), the measurement does not fully represent the strength. Manufacturers do not state which particular type of capsaicinoids are used.

1077: 1804:: Before July 1, 2014, residents may purchase defense sprays only from licensed Firearms Dealers in that state, and must hold a valid Firearms Identification Card (FID) or License to Carry Firearms (LTC) to purchase or to possess outside of one's own private property. New legislations allow residents to purchase pepper spray without a Firearms Identification Card starting July 1. 773:(SHU) is a common indication of pepper spiciness. It does take into account the different potency of CRC compounds, but it cannot be reliably used in pepper spray because it measures the strength of the dry product, i.e. the OC resin and not what comes in the aerosol spray. As the resin is always diluted to make it spray-able, the SHU rating is not useful on its own. 4574: 3447: 609: 952:

approved pepper spray for FBI use. Prosecutors said that from December 1989 through 1990, Ward received about $ 5,000 a month for a total of $ 57,500, from Luckey Police Products, a Fort Lauderdale, Florida-based company that was a major producer and supplier of pepper spray. The payments were paid through a Florida company owned by Ward's wife.

1757:—while legal to be carried by anyone, it is against the law if its use causes "a risk of imminent death or serious bodily harm to another person" or harming the environment and carries a penalty up to a fine of $ 500,000 and jail time of maximum 3 years. Carrying bear spray in public, without justification, may also lead to charges under the 3542:"Regolamento concernente la definizione delle caratteristiche tecniche degli strumenti di autodifesa che nebulizzano un principio attivo naturale a base di Oleoresin Capsicum e che non abbiano attitudine a recare offesa alla persona, in attuazione dell'articolo 3, comma 32, della legge n. 94/2009. (11G0142) (GU n. 157 del 8-7-2011)" 872: 911:"Past experience has shown that to rely on manufacturers unsubstantiated claims about the absence of hazards is unwise. In the US, companies making crowd control weapons, (e.g. pepper-gas manufacturer Zarc International), have put their technical data in the public domain without loss of profitability." 1695:

relevant propellants such as R134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluorethan) are banned. Spray products for self-defense with irritants such as CA, CS, CN, CR are considered as weapons in terms of the gun control law. The weapon purchase permit, as well as the weapon carrier permit, are required for the purchase of

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The US federal government uses CRC (capsaicin and related capsaicinoids) content for regulation. CRC is the pain-producing component of the OC that produces the burning sensation. Personal pepper sprays can range from a low of 0.18% to a high of 3%. Most law enforcement pepper sprays use between 1.3%

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By regulation, OC products with a maximum OC concentration of 10% and weight range of oleoresin of capsicum and inert ingredients of 15–60 grams (0.53–2.12 oz) are authorized. Further, the product cannot be camouflaged and must have a safety feature designed to prevent accidental discharge. The

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For individuals not previously exposed to OC effects, the general feelings after being sprayed can be best likened to being "set alight". The initial reaction, should the spray be directed at the face, is the involuntary closing of the eyes, an instant sensation of the restriction of the airways and

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of individuals in police custody. There is much debate over the actual cause of death in these cases. There have been few controlled clinical studies of the human health effects of pepper spray marketed for police use, and those studies are contradictory. Some studies have found no harmful effects

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Pepper spray designed to be used against people is considered a prohibited weapon in Canada. The definition under regulation states "any device designed to be used for the purpose of injuring, immobilizing or otherwise incapacitating any person by the discharge therefrom of (a) tear gas, Mace or

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The head of the FBI's Less-Than-Lethal Weapons Program at the time of the 1991 study, Special Agent Thomas W. W. Ward, was fired by the FBI and was sentenced to two months in prison for receiving payments from a pepper-gas manufacturer while conducting and authoring the FBI study that eventually

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as the active ingredient that irritates the eyes to cause burning and pain sensations, as well as temporary blindness. Its inflammatory effects cause the eyes to close, temporarily taking away vision. This temporary blindness allows officers to more easily restrain subjects and permits people in

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In June 2002, West Australian resident Rob Hall was convicted for using a canister of pepper spray to break up an altercation between two guests at his home in Midland. He was sentenced to a good behavior bond and granted a spent conviction order, which he appealed to the Supreme Court. Justice

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Using the OC concentration is unreliable because the concentration of CRC (and potency of these compounds) can vary. Some manufacturers may show a very high percentage of OC, but the resin itself may not be spicy enough. Higher OC content only reliably implies a higher oil content, which may be

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agent. It inflames the mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. It causes immediate closing of the eyes, difficulty breathing, runny nose, and coughing. The duration of its effects depends on the strength of the spray; the average full effect lasts from 20 to 90 minutes, but eye

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On 14 March 2012, a person dressed entirely in black entered the public gallery of the New South Wales Legislative Council and launched a paper plane into the air in the form of a petition to Police Minister Mike Gallacher calling on the government to allow civilians to carry capsicum spray.

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However, if it contains less than 100 ml (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz), while still a Category 6 Weapon, it is not classed as a punishable offense for the purposes of the Weapons law. Upon control, it will be confiscated and a verbal warning might be

1816:: Allows "reasonable use" of spray containing not more than 18% oleoresin capsicum to protect "a person or property under circumstances that would justify the person's use of physical force". It is illegal to distribute a "self-defense spray" to a person under 18 years of age. 1810:: Any pepper spray containing no more than 2 ounces (57 g) of chemical can be carried in public openly or concealed without a permit. Furthermore, any such pepper spray is classified as "self-defense chemical spray" and therefore not considered a weapon under Florida law. 3662:"Приказ Министерства здравоохранения и социального развития РФ от 22.10.2008 N 583н "О разрешении к применению слезоточивых и раздражающих веществ в составе патронов к газовому оружию, механических распылителей, аэрозольных и других устройств гражданского оружия самообороны"" 1404:

It is classified as a Category D Weapon in French law and if the aerosol contains more than 100 ml (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz), it is classed as an offensive weapon; possession in a public place can be punished by confiscation and a fine.

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Oleoresin capsicum, also known as capsicum oleoresin, is also used in food and medicine. In food, it serves as a concentrated and predictable source of spiciness. The food industry has accordingly changed to prefer a combination of milder and more predictable strains of

3444: 1579:: It is legal for civilians over the age of 16 to buy, own and carry pepper spray but it is illegal to carry it in a way that it is shown to other people in public spaces or disturb people with it in any way. You are allowed to use it as a self-defense tool if needed. 1357:

Possession is illegal for anyone other than police officers, police agents (assistant police officers), security officers of public transport companies, soldiers and customs officers to carry a capsicum spray. It's also authorised after obtaining permission from the

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It is a federal offense to carry/ship pepper spray on a commercial airliner or possess it in the secure area of an airport. State law and local ordinances regarding possession and use vary across the country. Pepper spray up to 4 Oz is permitted in checked baggage.

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Direct close-range spray can cause more serious eye irritation by attacking the cornea with a concentrated stream of liquid (the so-called "hydraulic needle" effect). Some brands have addressed this problem by means of an elliptically cone-shaped spray pattern.

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Certain individuals are still prohibited from possessing pepper spray, including minors under the age of 16, convicted felons, individuals convicted of certain drug offenses, individuals convicted of assault, and individuals convicted of misusing pepper

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Pepper spray is commercially available without a license. Authority to possess and use Oleoresin Capsicum devices remains with Tasmania Police Officers (As part of general-issue operational equipment), and Tasmanian Justice Department (H.M. Prisons)

925:"Research on chemical irritants should be published in open scientific journals before authorization for any usage is permitted and that the safety criteria for such chemicals should be treated as if they were drugs rather than riot control agents;" 2082:"Most" law enforcement grade pepper spray is measured anywhere from 500,000 to 2,000,000 SHU, which gives a median number of 1,250,000. While there are sprays that far exceed this amount, the actual strength of the spray depends on the dilution 1003:

Many ambulance services and emergency departments carry saline to remove the spray. Some of the OC and CS will remain in the respiratory system, but a recovery of vision and the coordination of the eyes can be expected within 7 to 15 minutes.

1909:: Classified as a weapon by Federal Act n° 3665/2000 (Regulation for Fiscalization of Controlled Products). Only law enforcement officers and private security agents with a recognized Less Lethal Weapons training certificate can carry it. 984:

is not soluble in water, and even large volumes of water will not wash it off, only dilute it. In general, victims are encouraged to blink vigorously in order to encourage tears, which will help flush the irritant from the eyes.

1974:: The possession of pepper spray by individuals for self-defense subject to a "reasonable excuse" test has been legal in Western Australia following the landmark Supreme Court decision in Hall v Collins WASCA 74 (4 April 2003). 2373:

Govindarajan, Sathyanarayana (1991). "Capsicum — Production, Technology, Chemistry, and Quality. Part V. Impact on Physiology, Pharmacology, Nutrition, and Metabolism; Structure, Pungency, Pain, and Desensitization Sequences".

1716:: Called legally "Tearing and irritating aerosols (gas canisters)", sprays are not considered a weapon and can be carried by anyone over 18 without further registration or permission. It is classified as a self-defense device. 6729: 850:

Gel compound: has greater accuracy and a reduced risk of blowback and area cross-contamination as the carrying gel does not disperse over a large area. The gel compound also adheres to the target making it more difficult to

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In addition there are certain labeling and packaging requirements, it must not be sold to anyone under 18 and the phone number of the manufacturer has to be on the label. The units must also be sold in sealed tamper-proof

3790:Постанова Кабінету Міністрів України від 07 вересня 1993 року № 706 «Про порядок продажу, придбання, реєстрації, обліку і застосування спеціальних засобів самооборони, заряджених речовинами сльозоточивої та дратівної дії» 1000:, milk, or water) concluded that: "...there was no significant difference in pain relief provided by five different treatment regimens. Time after exposure appeared to be the best predictor for a decrease in pain...". 4084: 2715:

Reay DT. Forensic pathology, part 1: death in custody. Clinics in Lab Med 1998;18:19–20; Watson WA, Stremel KR, and Westdorp EJ. Oleoresin capsicum (cap-stun) toxicity from aerosol exposures. Ann Pharmacotherapy

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law makes it legal for an individual to possess a small, commercially sold container of pepper spray for personal self-defense. However, Texas law otherwise makes it illegal to carry a "Chemical dispensing

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rating of these sprays are 500,000 (sabre MK9 HVS unit) and 2,000,000 (Sabre, cell buster fog delivery). This was as a result of excessive staff assaults and a two-year trial in ten prisons throughout the

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Kamran Loghman, the person who developed it for use in riot control, wrote the guide for police departments on how it should be used. It was successfully adopted, except for improper usages such as when

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Pepper spray can be legally purchased and carried in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Some states regulate the maximum allowed strength of the pepper spray, age restriction, content and use.

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of 10 June 2006 tot regeling van het model, de inhoud, de wijze van dragen en het gebruik van spuitbussen en handboeien door de leden van de veiligheidsdiensten van de openbare vervoersmaatschappijen (

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Containing a payload not exceeding 20 ml (0.70 imp fl oz; 0.68 US fl oz), with a percentage of Oleoresin Capsicum not exceeding 10% and a maximum concentration of

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danger to use pepper spray in self-defense for an opportunity to escape. It also causes temporary discomfort and burning of the lungs which causes shortness of breath. Pepper spray is used as a

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police units and security guards use tear gas ejectors with OC, CS or CN gases. These are defined as a "restricted" weapon that only police officers, as well as approved security, can use.

1348:: Pepper spray is classified as a self-defense device, they may be owned and carried by adults without registration or permission. Justified use against humans as self-defense is allowed. 6715: 2571: 3579: 1948:

This legislation makes it an offense for someone without a permit, normally anyone who is not an officer of Police/Correctional Services/Customs/Defence, to carry a prohibited weapon.

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Cone pattern dispersion - wide pattern, don't have to aim precisely. It can be blown back by wind and if used inside a building, will eventually make room temporarily uninhabitable.

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Determining the strength of pepper sprays made by different manufacturers can be confusing and difficult. Statements a company makes about their product strength are not regulated.

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in the form of oleoresin capsicum (OC). Extraction of OC from peppers requires capsicum to be finely ground, from which capsaicin is then extracted using an organic solvent such as

4585: 3142: 2818:"A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Treatment Regimens for Acute Pain for Topical Oleoresin Capsaicin (Pepper Spray) Exposure in Adult Volunteers - Prehospital Emergency Care" 2293: 5065: 3691: 1726:: "A person commits an offence if he has in his possession any weapon of whatever description designed or adapted for the discharge of any noxious liquid, gas or other thing." 283: 905:

The European Parliament Scientific and Technological Options Assessment (STOA) published in 1998 "An Appraisal of Technologies of Political Control" The STOA appraisal states:

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OC pepper spray, recently adopted for some civilian use (e.g., one of 22 grams , with no registration DGSP-07-22-SDP, is approved by the Ministry of Health and Consumption).

4454: 3327:[Prevention of assault] (in Czech). Policie České republiky – KŘP Královéhradeckého kraje (Police of the Czech Republic - Hradec Kralove region KRP). Archived from 2532:"Effects of Oleoresin Capsicum Pepper Spray on Human Corneal Morphology and Sensitivity - Vesaluoma et al. 41 (8): 2138 - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science" 1043:

or similar platform. It has been used for years against demonstrators and aggressive animals like bears. There are also many types such as foam, gel, foggers, and spray.

706:. Loghman commented, "I have never seen such an inappropriate and improper use of chemical agents", prompting court rulings completely barring its use on docile persons. 1746:

other gas, or (b) any liquid, spray, powder or other substance that is capable of injuring, immobilizing or otherwise incapacitating any person" is a prohibited weapon.

583: 3989: 1622:: Civilians who do not have criminal records are allowed to get police permits to purchase from gun shops, carry, and use OC sprays with a maximum concentration of 5%. 1753:

may legally carry or possess pepper spray labeled for use on persons. Any similar canister with the labels reading "dog spray" or "bear spray" is regulated under the

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Carrying at public demonstrations and into court buildings is illegal (pepper spray as well as other weapons may be left with armed guard upon entry of a courthouse).

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Front-line police officers have routinely carried pepper spray since 1997. New Zealand Prison Service made OC spray available for use in approved situations in 2013.

2214: 2178: 3712: 1939:: Possession of pepper spray by unauthorized persons is illegal, under schedule 1 of the Weapons Prohibition Act 1998, being classified as a "prohibited weapon". 4549: 2324: 1774: 4058: 2035:

Christine Wheeler ruled in his favor, thereby legalizing pepper spray in the state on a case-by-case basis for those who are able to show a reasonable excuse.

4180: 3117: 1628:: Pepper spray is banned at sporting and cultural events, public transportation and entertainment locations (according to Penal Code 2012, art 372, (1), c). 4479: 4612: 4222: 3548: 4348: 1839:

It must be purchased in person (i.e., cannot be purchased by mail-order or internet sale) either at a pharmacy or from a licensed firearm retailer (

4021: 3892: 3741: 1654:: Pepper spray is legal under the new law as of 2016 and can be carried by anyone over the age of 16. Use against humans in self-defence is legal. 931:

For those taking drugs, or those subjected to restraining techniques that restrict the breathing passages, there is a risk of death. In 1995, the

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Sabre Red=10% OC @ 2,000,000 Scoville Heat Units. Thus, 90% of the formulation dilutes the 2,000,000 SHUs creating a Scoville Content of 200,000.

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Vesaluoma, Minna; Müller, Linda; Gallar, Juana; Lambiase, Alessandro; Moilanen, Jukka; Hack, Tapani; Belmonte, Carlos; Tervo, Timo (July 2000).

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published a study that concluded that single exposure of the eye to OC is harmless, but repeated exposure can result in long-lasting changes in

37: 3476: 1826:: Non-felons over the age of 18 can possess a small amount of pepper spray, with no more than three-quarters of an ounce of chemical substance. 3174: 2564: 2156: 7744: 7710: 1393:

Licenses are issued for defensive purposes and to individuals working jobs where such a device is needed such as the private security sector.

576: 3841: 2853: 6738: 4300: 2479: 3499: 2239: 3152: 8481: 7597: 7337: 5824: 3767: 2283: 820: 3687: 2774: 2500: 2461: 1685:: Requires weapons licence, essentially always illegal to carry in public or private. Issued as supplementary service weapon to police. 1561:: Classified as D category weapon, but can be bought and carried by anyone over 18 years of age (without registration nor permission). 1252:: There are no laws against possession or use, but using it could result in imprisonment, depending on the damage caused to the target. 5440: 3614: 2608:"Pepper Spray Update: More Fatalities, More Questions | United States Environmental Protection Agency | American Government" 1367: 1359: 3516: 5455: 5445: 4515: 1116: 4395: 4247: 2788: 1187:: Forbidden for civilians, it is used only by law enforcement agencies. Underground trade leads to some civilian self-defense use. 8436: 7572: 7307: 3409: 3324: 5283: 4726: 4450: 4159: 4134: 569: 4109: 8559: 7872: 6691: 4914: 4369: 1700:(RSG-2000) and is introduced during watch functions. The military bearer permit is granted after passing the half-day training. 1588:

Only police officers trained in the specific use of pepper spray are allowed to carry and use it against civilians and animals.

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Containing no flammable, corrosive, toxic or carcinogenic substances, and no other aggressive chemical compound than OC itself;

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units may not have an effective range of over 20 feet (6.1 m) and must have an effective range of six feet (1.8 m).

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could possess, carry and purchase any OC-based compounds and personal defence devices that respond to the following criteria:

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Police, like this Swedish police officer in riot gear at a 2007 demonstration, may use pepper spray to control civilians.

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Most law enforcement sprays have a pungency of 500,000 to 2 million SHU. One brand has sprays with 5.3 million SHU.

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Police officers are exempt from this law and permitted to carry pepper spray as part of their standard equipment.

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Requires a permit to distribute, own, carry pepper sprays containing pre-compressed gas or explosive propellent.

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may be owned and carried by all citizens regardless of age. Such sprays are not legally considered as weapons

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OC used for food is generally rated between 80 000 and 500 000 SHU, roughly equivalent to 0.6-3.9% capsaicin.

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Police officers and customs officers carry it. Coast guardsmen as well as prison officers have access to it.

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The use of pepper spray to prevent a public official from performing his/her official duties is a class-E

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Members of the riot police use larger pepper-spray canisters than what is used by a normal police officer.

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designates "an article designed or adapted to discharge oleoresin capsicum spray" as a prohibited weapon.

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In the 1980s, a firearms license was required for doing so, but these sprays have since been deregulated.

444: 8594: 8116: 7915: 7200: 6934: 6308: 5835: 5636: 5544: 4041: 4013: 3307: 1401:: It is legal for anyone over the age of 18 to buy pepper spray in an armory or military surplus store. 402: 3737: 8143: 3088: 3059: 2727: 8496: 8317: 8259: 8188: 8096: 8049: 7484: 7347: 7285: 7265: 7139: 6827: 6635: 6463: 6383: 6157: 6044: 5971: 5926: 5891: 5871: 5420: 4919: 4789: 4783: 4721: 4630: 2345: 1990:: in Queensland, pepper spray is considered an offensive weapon and can not be used for self-defence. 1977: 1641: 1510: 1461:: Such items are illegal. They will be confiscated and possession may result in detention and arrest. 1208:, it is a crime to possess and can result in a fine of $ 100,000 and imprisonment for up to 14 years. 1012: 456: 117: 112: 3862: 3593: 3468: 2887: 2363:

National Institute of Justice. Oleoresin Capsaicum: Pepper Spray as a Force Alternative. March 1994.

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Persons over age 14 may carry personal-protection spray devices with their legal guardian's consent.

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Police also encourage vulnerable groups like pensioners, children, and women to carry pepper spray.

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reported at least 61 deaths associated with police use of pepper spray since 1990 in the USA. The

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There are several counterparts of pepper spray developed and legal to possess in some countries.

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oil is less able to soak and penetrate skin. Solutions of more than 5% OC may not spray properly.

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CS sprays bearing a test mark of the MPA may be owned and carried by anyone over the age of 14.

1270:: Possession and use for self-defense is legal and its available at physical and online stores. 1157:: Assistant Police Commissioner stated that pepper sprays are illegal for civilians to possess. 751:) base for a more penetrating product, but a risk of fire is present if combined with a taser. 8486: 8476: 7999: 7587: 7510: 7501: 7332: 7101: 7056: 7046: 6991: 6944: 6744: 6514: 6373: 6293: 5941: 5901: 5861: 5715: 5534: 5529: 5475: 5470: 5450: 5404: 4664: 4511: 3520: 3378: 2837: 2649: 2391: 1971: 1778: 1723: 1608: 1060: 933: 799: 748: 732:. The solvent is then evaporated, and the remaining waxlike resin is the oleoresin capsaicin. 652: 536: 77: 8501: 3763: 3283: 8411: 8177: 8015: 7479: 7424: 7085: 6769: 6651: 6478: 6358: 5921: 5896: 5886: 5564: 5430: 5374: 5129: 5111: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5002: 4991: 4851: 4691: 4670: 4659: 4625: 3349: 2829: 2508: 2453: 2383: 2053: 2015:

are permitted to carry OC spray under a special agreement due to the nature of their duties.

1829: 1468: 1028: 863: 740: 298: 293: 288: 278: 273: 268: 237: 139: 82: 7718: 7690: 4501:

What is the safety of "pepper spray" use by law enforcement or mental health service staff?

3608: 1221:

They are sold via government-approved companies after performing a background verification.

8531: 8451: 8254: 8247: 7649: 7642: 7582: 7494: 7362: 7357: 7317: 6864: 6774: 6534: 6313: 6029: 5782: 5705: 5685: 5607: 4701: 4681: 4507: 4081:"Mass. Senate Backs Purchase of Pepper Spray Without ID - Massachusetts news - Boston.com" 3503: 3451: 3432: 3413: 2012: 1965: 1936: 1832:: Can be legally possessed by any person age 18 or over. Restricted to no more than 0.67% 1520: 1016: 373: 56: 3788: 1027:

Pepper spray typically comes in canisters, which are often small enough to be carried or

4243: 3637:"Статья 3 Закон об Оружии. Гражданское оружие - Кодексы и Законы РФ + Судебная практика" 2799: 2361: 1434:

Sprays that are not labelled "animal-defence spray" or do not bear the test mark of the

1056:

and OC for flavoring. In medicine, OC is used in a number of products for external use.

8278: 8193: 7963: 7885: 7592: 7124: 7031: 7001: 6894: 6802: 6453: 6393: 6318: 6257: 5991: 5931: 5680: 5121: 4892: 4817: 4731: 4106:"Florida Statues 790.01 Unlicensed carrying of concealed weapons or concealed firearms" 3406: 3328: 2626: 2019: 1719: 1692: 1474:

Civilians may carry canisters filled with maximum 20 grams (0.71 oz) of any other

787: 770: 683: 617: 416: 309: 165: 4155: 4130: 3613:(in Polish). Marszałek Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 2004-03-18. pp. art. 11. 1599:

Police officers are allowed to carry pepper spray as part of their standard equipment.

1553:

Pepper spray handguns can be bought and carried without any license by anyone over 18.

1305:

Pepper sprays without any pre-compressed gas or explosive propellent are unrestricted.

1264:: Possession and use for self-defense are legal, and it is freely available in stores. 8573: 8511: 8491: 8086: 7801: 7632: 7612: 7342: 7230: 7041: 6914: 6831: 6657: 6604: 6599: 6529: 6473: 6338: 6323: 6277: 6102: 6065: 6034: 5881: 5730: 5613: 5539: 5465: 4836: 4761: 4686: 4272: 4105: 1801: 1276:: Possession and use for self-defense is legal, and it is freely available in stores. 1040: 899: 672: 521: 100: 4373: 3259: 2849: 1945:: Prescribed by regulation to be a prohibited weapon under the Weapons Control Act. 1674:: Approved pepper spray made with 5% CS is available to anyone older than 18 years. 1031:

in a pocket or purse. Pepper spray can also be purchased concealed in items such as

8391: 8207: 8167: 8100: 8090: 8081: 8076: 8019: 7977: 7567: 7352: 7261: 7174: 6986: 6981: 6884: 6609: 6559: 6343: 6333: 6288: 6252: 6247: 6005: 5916: 5818: 5762: 5725: 5674: 5653: 5602: 5569: 5498: 5460: 5399: 5364: 5262: 4884: 4864: 4736: 4635: 4323:"The one place in Australia where it's legal to have pepper spray for self-defence" 3547:. Ministero dell'Interno (Italian Ministry of Interior). 2012-06-01. Archived from 2320: 2127: 2058: 2048: 1933:: Pepper spray is a "prohibited weapon", making it an offence to possess or use it. 1840: 1327:

It is an offense to use pepper spray on anyone for reasons other than self-defense.

1285:

It is an offense to use pepper spray on anyone for reasons other than self-defense.

1279: 1160: 1142: 1134: 997: 883: 725: 691: 676: 668: 511: 501: 429: 386: 151: 41: 3497:

175/2003. (X. 28.) Korm. rendelet a közbiztonságra különösen veszélyes eszközökről

3030: 2570:. European Parliament, Directorate General for Research. June 2000. p. v-vi. 1968:: in South Australia, possession of pepper spray without lawful excuse is illegal. 1634:: It is classified as a self-defense weapon and can be carried by anyone over 18. 1536:

Being sealed when sold and featuring a safety device against accidental discharge;

1424: 1063:

is a different extract, containing very little heat and mostly used for coloring.

743:

is used to suspend OC in water, and the suspension is then pressurized to make an

30:

This article is about the chemical compound. For devices used to dispense it, see

3713:"Každá žena sa môže stať obeťou trestného činu, buďte preto opatrné a pripravené" 2565:"CROWD CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES (An appraisal of technologies for political control)" 2531: 1467:: Such items are reserved for law enforcement (including civilian members of the 1193:: Forbidden for civilians, it is legal to possess and use only by the members of 8431: 8359: 8343: 8211: 8183: 8066: 8010: 7953: 7939: 7627: 7622: 7562: 7291: 7276: 7271: 7225: 7164: 7091: 7071: 7050: 7011: 6874: 6839: 6619: 6594: 6549: 6412: 6378: 6242: 6237: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6162: 6081: 6070: 6060: 5772: 5503: 5394: 5389: 5323: 5032: 5022: 5007: 4979: 4961: 4942: 4933: 4825: 4646: 1696:

such weapons. In 2009, the Swiss Army introduced for the military personnel the

1688: 1582: 1296: 1273: 1076: 1032: 764: 217: 188: 128: 70: 3893:"Vancouver police warn of criminal charges for carrying bear spray in the city" 1571:

Police also encourages vulnerable groups like pensioners or women to carry one.

8421: 8312: 8227: 8217: 8173: 8157: 8153: 8044: 7910: 7778: 7659: 7505: 7433: 7429: 7322: 7281: 7106: 7096: 7081: 6949: 6859: 6569: 6564: 6544: 6539: 6524: 6519: 6432: 6427: 6403: 6227: 6212: 6207: 6152: 6147: 5829: 5710: 5669: 5663: 5647: 5630: 5624: 5591: 5583: 5524: 5318: 5090: 4996: 4985: 4807: 4801: 3812: 3206: 3089:"Self-defense gadgets popular after hotel assault - China - Chinadaily.com.cn" 2833: 2387: 2063: 1987: 1823: 1789: 1576: 1482: 1200:

Such devices are classified as "arms" under the "Laws of Hong Kong". Chap 238

1173: 795: 791: 736: 695: 496: 397: 232: 227: 4500: 3425: 3382: 2756: 1915:: Can be sold without any kind of restriction to anyone older than 14 years. 1513:(national police) is an offence under the Firearms and Offensive Weapons Act. 704:

police sprayed peaceful protestors at University of California, Davis in 2011

8536: 8521: 8516: 8466: 8461: 8106: 8025: 7983: 7973: 7210: 7075: 6664: 6614: 6589: 6579: 6504: 6232: 6222: 6217: 6137: 6117: 6091: 6076: 6014: 5961: 5720: 5658: 5641: 5619: 5596: 5333: 5174: 4967: 4831: 4770: 4696: 3931: 3580:"Tamsus paros metas ilgėja: Pasakė geriausią priemonę apsiginti nuo plėšikų" 3179: 1881: 1833: 1558: 1527: 1290: 1226: 1190: 993: 981: 715: 655: 487: 2841: 2653: 1141:

or less-than-lethal. Depending on the location, it may be legal to use for

4573: 2395: 8471: 8456: 8425: 8415: 8405: 8395: 8376: 8364: 8333: 8328: 8292: 8203: 8056: 7995: 7967: 7957: 7935: 7617: 7602: 7526: 7464: 7449: 7409: 7215: 7190: 7143: 7134: 7061: 7027: 6971: 6966: 6928: 6924: 6898: 6888: 6878: 6868: 6854: 6812: 6707: 6673: 6574: 6483: 6448: 6353: 6267: 6177: 6127: 6010: 5999: 5976: 5966: 5946: 5841: 5808: 5802: 5792: 5192: 5164: 5159: 5154: 4795: 4654: 1953: 1912: 1864: 1813: 1657: 1619: 1614:

They can be carried by anyone without further registration or permission.

1611:"a hand-held disabling gas thrower", sprays are not considered a weapon. 1310: 1267: 1261: 1255: 1053: 720: 648: 424: 391: 381: 355: 350: 345: 175: 170: 122: 3636: 2963: 1445:(MPA, material testing institute) are classified as prohibited weapons. 1316:

Possession in a public place can be punished by confiscation and a fine.

1179:

Bengal Police started using pepper spray to control opposition movement.

17: 8506: 8371: 8337: 8306: 8270: 8128: 8110: 8030: 7987: 7927: 7895: 7761: 7705: 7606: 7557: 7530: 7522: 7469: 7403: 7376: 7219: 7195: 7116: 7065: 6954: 6817: 6422: 6417: 6132: 6122: 6112: 6107: 5797: 5425: 5343: 5328: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5187: 5095: 5085: 5045: 5040: 5017: 5012: 4746: 1807: 1713: 1625: 1492: 1464: 1416: 1387: 1381: 1351: 1345: 1332: 1313:: Use for self-defense is legal, and it is freely available in stores. 1154: 1101: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 812:, though its effectiveness compared to natural pepper spray is unclear. 744: 729: 482: 262: 257: 7815: 7673: 7244: 4476:"Arms (Restricted Weapons and Specially Dangerous Airguns) Order 1984" 8298: 8274: 8232: 8132: 8060: 7899: 7881: 7739: 7700: 7695: 7473: 7459: 7204: 7120: 7015: 7006: 6996: 6975: 6938: 6909: 6904: 6843: 6835: 6821: 6798: 6640: 6303: 6298: 6086: 5232: 5222: 5217: 5212: 4874: 4676: 3230: 3031:"Nigeria: Possession of Pepper Spray an Offence Says Nigerian Police" 2261:"276 F3d 1125 Headwaters Forest Defense and Molly Burton v. The Coun" 1906: 1847: 1682: 1651: 1631: 1604: 1593: 1544: 1458: 1398: 1321: 1238: 1229:: It is legal, but there are restrictions on its sale and possession. 1008: 989: 895: 809: 687: 664: 541: 531: 87: 6752: 3566:"IX-705 Lietuvos Respublikos ginklų ir šaudmenų kontrolės įstatymas" 608: 4586:

Are guns more effective than pepper spray in an Alaska bear attack?

3517:"The Department of Justice and Equality: Firearms & Ammunition" 2775:"New Study: More Evidence Against the Myth of "Restraint Asphyxia"" 1918:

Use has not been inducted on the law enforcement officer's arsenal.

8302: 8038: 8034: 7991: 7905: 7674: 7541: 7518: 7158: 7035: 6918: 6849: 6584: 6499: 6458: 5745: 5149: 5144: 5134: 4973: 4956: 4909: 3661: 1857: 1703: 1671: 1516: 1249: 1215: 1184: 1138: 871: 870: 862: 682:

Pepper spray was engineered originally for defense against bears,

340: 335: 325: 320: 222: 212: 1282:: Use and possession of pepper spray for self-defense are legal. 1258:: Use and possession of pepper spray for self-defense are legal. 1019:), though it is not for use on a person, only for area clean up. 8237: 8071: 7816: 7762: 7723: 7414: 7377: 7245: 5755: 5750: 4181:"Michigan Penal Code 750.224d Self-defense spray or foam device" 3060:"Everything you Need to Know about Pepper Spray in South Africa" 1232: 6711: 4594: 4215:"§ 18.2-312. Illegal use of tear gas, phosgene and other gases" 3118:"HK Laws. Chap 238 Firearms and Ammunition Ordinance Section 2" 2640:

Smith CG, Stopford W (1999). "Health hazards of pepper spray".

1873:: Persons over 18 may carry personal-protection spray devices. 1163:: Pepper sprays are legal to own by civilians for self defense. 808:(MPK) is widely used as a self-defense chemical agent spray in 6142: 5695: 4204:

Texas Penal Code 46.05(a)(1)(4) and Texas Penal Code 46.01(14)

3958:"Mace, Pepper Spray, Self-Defense Sprays and Stun Guns | mpdc" 2284:"Pepper Spray's Fallout, From Crowd Control to Mocking Images" 1495:: Possession of pepper spray is illegal for private citizens. 1070: 2816:

Barry, J. D.; Hennessy, R.; McManus, J. G. Jr. (2008-09-04).

1585:: It is illegal for civilians to own and carry pepper spray. 5228:

Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)

3918:"Pepper Spray | Transportation Security Administration" 1550:

It can be bought and carried by anyone over 16 years of age.

1129:

Pepper spray is banned for use in war by Article I.5 of the

1007:

Some "triple-action" pepper sprays also contain "tear gas" (

988:

A study of five often-recommended treatments for skin pain (

8122: 5309:

2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate

2685:"Ex-FBI Agent Pleads Guilty in Conflict-of-Interest Case", 1843:

265.20 14) and the seller must keep a record of purchases.

4269:"Sale and Distribution of OC Products to Private Citizens" 4008: 4006: 2347:

Sabre Red. FAQs: What is oleoresin capsaicum? August 2020.

2271:(276): 1125. November 11, 2002 – via openjurist.org. 2157:"How Hot is That Pepper? How Scientists Measure Spiciness" 2789:"Oleoresin Capsicum: Pepper Spray as a Force Alternative" 1324:: Legal for self-defense, it is available in some shops. 1235:: Forbidden for civilians, it is used only by the police. 892:

Journal of Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

718:, which is derived from the fruit of plants in the genus 3006:. Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. 1448:

Justified use against humans as self-defense is allowed.

690:

and other dangerous predators, and is often referred to

1722:: Pepper spray is illegal under Section 5(1)(b) of the 1547:: Pepper spray is classified as a self-defense device. 1539:

Featuring a range not exceeding 3 m (9.8 ft).

747:

pepper spray. Other sprays may use an alcohol (such as

4418: 4416: 3688:"Гасни спреј и електрошокер дозвољени по новом закону" 2939:"Here's Why Jalapeño Peppers Are Less Spicy Than Ever" 2888:"Tear Gas Cleanup Procedures | Cleanfax magazine" 1335:: Forbidden for civilians and used only by the police. 3231:"Arms and Explosives Act - Singapore Statutes Online" 2003:

A permit is required to obtain or carry pepper spray.

1354:: Pepper spray is classified as a prohibited weapon. 6739: 4422:

Anne Calverley, "Judge clears use of pepper spray",

2265:

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

1644:, and (rarely) CN are also legal and highly popular. 887:

irritation and redness can last for up to 24 hours.

802:

weapon, it is not generally permitted to the public.

8352: 7825: 7814: 7794: 7771: 7760: 7732: 7683: 7672: 7550: 7386: 7375: 7300: 7254: 7243: 7183: 6762: 6751: 6628: 6492: 6441: 6402: 6266: 6043: 5990: 5781: 5582: 5357: 5271: 5173: 5120: 5104: 5031: 4941: 4932: 4902: 4883: 4850: 4816: 4769: 4760: 4645: 616: 603: 598: 4131:"Florida Statues 790.053 Open carrying of weapons" 3173:Geeta Padmanabhan; Aarti Dhar (October 19, 2008). 4244:"RCW 9.91.160: Personal protection spray devices" 3371:"How your gun permit applications are considered" 2317:"10 Inventors Who Came to Regret Their Creations" 2185:. SABRE - Security Equipment Corp. Archived from 1390:: Possession of pepper spray requires a license. 2536:Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 1509:: Possession of this spray by persons other the 1530:and capsaicinoid substances not exceeding 2,5%; 898:sensitivity. They found no lasting decrease in 4014:"Pepper Spray (Mace/Tear Gas) - Consumer Wiki" 3982:"States With Pepper Spray Restrictions | eBay" 2670:"Former F.B.I. Agent Is Sentenced to Prison", 2376:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 6723: 4606: 2428:"Pepper Gel vs Spray? Which Is Best For You?" 2159:. Smithsonian.com, US Smithsonian Institution 1660:: It is classified as a self-defense weapon. 1640:OC is not the only legal agent used. CS, CR, 1519:: Any citizen over 16 years of age without a 1427:. Carrying it at (or on the way to and from) 679:, including defense against dogs and bears. 577: 8: 2128:"What is pepper spray, and is it dangerous?" 1773:When pepper spray is used in the workplace, 1481:However, there is no restriction for pepper 878:training after being exposed to pepper spray 4345:"Weapons Prohibition Act 1998 - Schedule 1" 2211:"Bear Spray Vs. Dogs: How Effective Is It?" 1384:: Pepper spray is generally illegal to own. 7822: 7768: 7680: 7383: 7251: 6759: 6730: 6716: 6708: 4938: 4766: 4613: 4599: 4591: 2726:Heiskell, Lawrence E. (9 September 2019). 2282:Seelye, Katharine Q. (November 22, 2011). 2179:"Red Pepper Spray Ingredients and Formula" 1421:for the purpose of defense against animals 584: 570: 463: 193: 47: 3793:(in Ukrainian). КАБІНЕТ МІНІСТРІВ УКРАЇНИ 1299:: Pepper sprays containing OC are legal. 1117:Learn how and when to remove this message 944:The US Army performed studies in 1993 at 714:The active ingredient in pepper spray is 2357: 2355: 2353: 2136:. reviewed by Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph.D 36: 4552:from the original on September 24, 2015 4297:"Wisconsin State Legal Statutes 941.26" 3350:"Peberspray | Våben | Politi" 2906:"Pepper Spray: Types of Spray Patterns" 2094: 2075: 510: 455: 307: 246: 196: 62: 55: 5494:Methylphosphonyl dichloride (dichloro) 5488:Methylphosphonyl difluoride (difluoro) 4542:"Flight of the MacQuarie Street Ninja" 4510:, NZHTA Tech Brief Series 2002; 1(2). 2155:Twilight Greenaway (10 January 2013). 1564:Issued as auxiliary service device to 959:Pepper spray has been associated with 595: 6910:CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile) 5736:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) 4156:"Florida Statues 790.001 Definitions" 3938:from the original on 18 December 2012 3738:"Behöver man licens för pepparspray?" 2296:from the original on October 21, 2019 2103:"Chemical hazards in law enforcement" 1781:(SDS) be available to all employees. 1039:available, which can be fired from a 7: 3617:from the original on 28 January 2011 2728:"How To Prevent Positional Asphyxia" 1370:: Possession and carrying is legal. 1099:adding citations to reliable sources 8482:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid 7598:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid 7338:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid 5825:Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine 4540:Tovey, Josephine (March 15, 2012). 4437:Control of Weapons Regulations 2011 3264:Geisler Defence - Pepper Gun GD-105 3010:from the original on 1 January 2012 2773:Remsberg, Chuck (January 8, 2019). 2327:from the original on April 28, 2020 2105:. The Police Policy Studies Council 1982:Control of Weapons Regulations 2011 1204:. Without a valid license from the 798:) is used by police officers. As a 5441:Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride 4055:"M.G.L - Chapter 140, Section 131" 3764:"Knivar och andra farliga föremål" 3120:. Legislation.gov.hk. 2000-05-26. 2746:"Positional Asphyxia—Sudden Death" 2624:"Pepper spray's lethal legacy" in 2315:Hemphill, Kenny (August 4, 2015). 1663:It is available to anyone over 18. 651:(tear gas) product containing the 25: 5456:Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride 5446:Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide 2700:"Pepper spray study is tainted", 1202:Firearms and Ammunition Ordinance 1011:), which can be neutralized with 5284:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate 4727:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 4572: 4478:. Parliamentary Counsel Office. 4321:Collett, Michael (8 July 2018). 3183:. Chennai, India. Archived from 2464:from the original on 2013-09-06. 2126:Jamie Smith (October 15, 2020). 2000:Classed as a restricted weapon. 1075: 839:Fog pattern dispersion (fogger) 607: 6692:List of chemical warfare agents 4915:Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride 4482:from the original on 2014-10-17 4457:from the original on 2018-04-01 4402:from the original on 2013-04-30 4351:from the original on 2017-04-10 4303:from the original on 2012-03-22 4250:from the original on 2009-08-22 4225:from the original on 2018-06-29 4187:from the original on 2012-01-17 4162:from the original on 2018-02-14 4137:from the original on 2018-02-14 4112:from the original on 2018-02-14 4087:from the original on 2014-05-24 4061:from the original on 2011-08-10 4024:from the original on 2017-11-14 3992:from the original on 2018-02-14 3899:from the original on 2020-02-23 3873:from the original on 2015-08-03 3844:from the original on 2012-12-04 3819:from the original on 2014-10-18 3770:from the original on 2015-12-08 3744:from the original on 2018-07-27 3719:from the original on 2017-08-26 3694:from the original on 2015-07-30 3668:from the original on 2012-10-20 3643:from the original on 2012-11-29 3479:from the original on 2017-11-17 3290:from the original on 2012-12-24 3284:"Nieuwe wapenwet (New Gun Law)" 3241:from the original on 2019-05-09 3124:from the original on 2013-09-28 3099:from the original on 2019-10-26 3070:from the original on 2017-08-27 3041:from the original on 2019-01-04 2856:from the original on 2020-04-18 2577:from the original on 2012-01-06 2546:from the original on 2013-06-15 2482:from the original on 2011-12-17 2242:from the original on 2015-06-23 2217:from the original on 2012-11-15 1884:: Tear gas is not permissible. 1596:: It is illegal for civilians. 1086:needs additional citations for 558:List of chemical warfare agents 3352:(in Danish). The Danish Police 2937:Reinhart, Brian (8 May 2023). 2828:(4). Informaworld.com: 432–7. 939:American Civil Liberties Union 1: 8556:Receptor/signaling modulators 6905:CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO) 3211:Khawla – Your Power To Resist 2796:National Institute of Justice 2753:National Institute of Justice 1666:The police recommend its use. 1637:Use against humans is legal. 44:being subject to pepper spray 5768:Trimethylolpropane phosphite 5314:Neopentylene fluorophosphate 4451:"Dealing with confrontation" 3029:Agbo, Njideka (2018-04-18). 2798:. March 1994. Archived from 2691:. February 13, 1996, p. A12. 1931:Australian Capital Territory 1360:Minister of Internal Affairs 1133:, which bans the use of all 8184:Paracetamol (acetaminophen) 7092:Paracetamol (acetaminophen) 6962:Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid 6790:15-Deoxy-Δ-prostaglandin J2 5550:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol 5410:N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol 5279:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate 3863:"Pest Control Products Act" 2755:. June 1995. Archived from 2213:. Tbotech.com. 2009-07-04. 1131:Chemical Weapons Convention 821:Ministry of Public Security 8611: 6389:Hexamethylene diisocyanate 5857:Phenylcarbylamine chloride 5183:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride 3934:. US Department of Labor. 2822:Prehospital Emergency Care 2630:. October 22, 1998, p. A1. 2542:(8). Iovs.org: 2138–2147. 2501:"Top 10 Deadliest Weapons" 2454:"Top 10 Deadliest Weapons" 1137:agents in warfare whether 867:Pepper spray demonstration 806:Pelargonic acid morpholide 475:Dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP) 29: 8549: 6687: 6647:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate 5852:Perchloromethyl mercaptan 5263:4-686-293-01 (Agent 1-10) 4546:The Sydney Morning Herald 4394:Police, South Australia. 3610:Ustawa o broni i aminucji 2877:, July/August 1995 Issue. 2834:10.1080/10903120802290786 2478:. Redhotpepperspray.com. 2476:"Effects Of Pepper Spray" 2388:10.1080/10408399109527536 2010:New Zealand Defence Force 1755:Pest Control Products Act 842:Stream pattern dispersion 792:desmethyldihydrocapsaicin 118:Phenyldichloroarsine (PD) 113:Methyldichloroarsine (MD) 7169:Umbellularia californica 6364:Chloroacetophenone oxime 6349:Bromomethyl ethyl ketone 5957:Trifluoroacetyl chloride 5867:Tetrachlorodinitroethane 5514:Phosphorus pentachloride 5339:Methanesulfonyl fluoride 4530:WASCA 74 (4 April 2003). 4057:. Mass.gov. 2008-10-29. 3686:Вукосављевић, Данијела. 2924:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 2875:Police Marksman Magazine 1777:requires a pepper spray 1751:law enforcement officers 1419:: Pepper sprays labeled 1037:pepper spray projectiles 633:oleoresin capsicum spray 108:Ethyldichloroarsine (ED) 8139:N-Arachidonoyl dopamine 7921:Andrographis paniculata 6643:(variants and mixtures) 5912:Trichloronitrosomethane 5907:Trifluoronitrosomethane 5482:Methyldichlorophosphine 4018:consumerwiki.dca.ca.gov 3867:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca 3445:Ministerium des Inneren 3175:"Safety is a right too" 2703:San Francisco Chronicle 1436:Materialprüfungsanstalt 1431:may still be punished. 961:positional asphyxiation 946:Aberdeen Proving Ground 445:Diphenylamincyanoarsine 32:Pepper-spray projectile 8560:Ion channel modulators 8289:Tetrahydrocannabivarin 7784:Tripterygium wilfordii 7150:Tetrahydrocannabiorcol 6442:Cornea-clouding agents 5937:Phosphorus trichloride 5519:Phosphorus trichloride 5253:Miotine (AR-28/T-1843) 4707:Phosphorus trifluoride 4499:Broadstock, M. (2002) 4396:"Firearms and weapons" 4183:. Legislature.mi.gov. 3932:"Hazard Communication" 3143:"A spicy self-defense" 2706:. May 20, 1996, p. B8. 2676:. May 20, 1996, p. B8. 2432:wolfpersonalsafety.com 2030:Civilian use advocates 1709: 1698:irritant atomizer 2000 1607:: Called precisely in 1206:Hong Kong Police Force 879: 868: 78:Cyanogen chloride (CK) 45: 8117:Lysophosphatidic acid 5836:Disulfur decafluoride 5637:Chlorophenylsilatrane 5545:2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 4581:at Wikimedia Commons 4453:. Queensland Police. 4370:"Weapons Control Act" 4042:California Penal Code 3207:"Pepper Spray - 60ML" 3093:www.chinadaily.com.cn 3004:"Riot Control Agents" 1707: 874: 866: 457:Incapacitating agents 403:Disulfur decafluoride 83:Hydrogen cyanide (AC) 40: 8497:Pregnenolone sulfate 8318:Euphorbia resinifera 8260:Euphorbia resinifera 8189:Phenylacetylrinvanil 8149:N-Oleoylethanolamide 8097:Homodihydrocapsaicin 7485:Pregnenolone sulfate 7348:Pregnenolone sulfate 7155:Thiopropanal S-oxide 7140:Tetrahydrocannabinol 6828:Allyl isothiocyanate 6636:Methyl fluoroacetate 6464:Methyl cyanoacrylate 6384:Allyl isothiocyanate 5972:Uranium hexafluoride 5927:Dinitrogen tetroxide 5872:Chlorine trifluoride 4920:Selenium oxychloride 4790:Phenyldichloroarsine 4784:Methyldichloroarsine 4722:Nickel tetracarbonyl 4219:law.lis.virginia.gov 3325:"Prevence přepadení" 3035:The Guardian (Lagos) 2964:"Capsicum oleoresin" 2920:"Capsicum Oleoresin" 2414:www.lawinfochina.com 1980:: Schedule 3 of the 1195:Disciplined Services 1095:improve this article 1013:sodium metabisulfite 8590:Riot control agents 8585:Lachrymatory agents 8402:Cannabigerolic acid 8164:Nordihydrocapsaicin 8125:(acidic conditions) 6329:Bromobenzyl cyanide 6097:Dimethylheptylpyran 6025:Diphenylcyanoarsine 6020:Diphenylchlorarsine 5952:Methyl vinyl ketone 5877:Perchloryl fluoride 5741:Bicyclic phosphates 5560:Trimethyl phosphite 5509:Phosphoryl chloride 4778:Ethyldichloroarsine 4752:Chloral cyanohydrin 4742:Acetone cyanohydrin 4712:Methyl cyanoformate 4426:, 28 March 2003, 1. 4424:The West Australian 4246:. Apps.leg.wa.gov. 3891:Crawford, Tiffany. 3813:"Firearms Act 1968" 3260:"Pepper Spray Laws" 3187:on November 1, 2010 2981:Cantrill, Richard. 2688:The Washington Post 2511:on December 6, 2017 882:Pepper spray is an 771:Scoville heat units 763:undesirable as the 512:Riot-control (RCAs) 440:Diphenylcyanoarsine 435:Diphenylchlorarsine 166:Phosgene oxime (CX) 51:Part of a series on 8365:Vernonia tweediana 7944:African blue basil 7916:Bisandrographolide 7502:Steviol glycosides 7455:Hydroxycitronellal 7201:Dehydroligustilide 7021:Angelica acutiloba 6935:Dehydroligustilide 6697:CB military symbol 6555:Enterotoxin type B 6510:Cyclopiazonic acid 6469:N-Methylmorpholine 6369:Ethyl bromoacetate 5847:Ethyl bromoacetate 5814:Perfluoroisobutene 5555:Triethyl phosphite 4826:Levinstein mustard 4717:Iron pentacarbonyl 4506:2004-12-06 at the 3502:2011-07-21 at the 3450:2007-05-16 at the 3431:2011-06-05 at the 3412:2011-07-25 at the 3148:The Times of India 2673:The New York Times 2289:The New York Times 2133:Medical News Today 1943:Northern Territory 1710: 1476:lachrymatory agent 1047:Oleoresin capsicum 880: 869: 661:less lethal weapon 46: 27:Inflammatory agent 8567: 8566: 8545: 8544: 8477:Meclofenamic acid 8283:melegueta peppers 8154:Nonivamide (PAVA) 7890:melegueta peppers 7810: 7809: 7756: 7755: 7668: 7667: 7588:Meclofenamic acid 7511:Stevia rebaudiana 7371: 7370: 7333:Meclofenamic acid 7239: 7238: 7129:melegueta peppers 7102:Phenacyl chloride 7057:N-Methylmaleimide 7047:Methyl salicylate 6992:Hydrogen peroxide 6945:Diallyl disulfide 6807:melegueta peppers 6705: 6704: 6515:Histrionicotoxins 6493:Biological toxins 6374:Ethyl iodoacetate 5942:Methyl isocyanate 5902:Selenoyl fluoride 5892:Mercuric chloride 5862:Tetranitromethane 5716:Sulfuryl fluoride 5701:HN3 hydrochloride 5696:HN2 hydrochloride 5691:HN1 hydrochloride 5578: 5577: 5535:Phenacyl chloride 5530:Pinacolyl alcohol 5476:Isopropyl alcohol 5471:4-Hydroxycoumarin 5405:1,8-Dibromooctane 4928: 4927: 4852:Nitrogen mustards 4665:Cyanogen chloride 4577:Media related to 4044:, Section 12403.7 3740:. 24 April 2013. 2894:. March 22, 2011. 2732:www.policemag.com 2595:Los Angeles Times 1972:Western Australia 1779:Safety Data Sheet 1724:Firearms Act 1968 1609:Polish Penal Code 1127: 1126: 1119: 1061:Paprika oleoresin 1035:. There are also 934:Los Angeles Times 833:Aerosol compound 749:isopropyl alcohol 626: 625: 612:Exceptionally hot 594: 593: 550: 549: 527:Pepper spray (OC) 387:Chloropicrin (PS) 374:Pulmonary/choking 364: 363: 16:(Redirected from 8602: 8580:Chemical weapons 8412:Cannabigerovarin 8144:N-Oleoyldopamine 8050:Euodia ruticarpa 8016:Dihydrocapsaicin 7823: 7819: 7769: 7765: 7681: 7677: 7425:Cooling Agent 10 7384: 7380: 7252: 7248: 6770:4-Hydroxynonenal 6760: 6756: 6741: 6732: 6725: 6718: 6709: 6679:White phosphorus 6656:post-combustion 6652:Depleted uranium 6479:Osmium tetroxide 6359:Phenacyl bromide 5922:Nitrogen dioxide 5897:Selenium dioxide 5887:Cadmium chloride 5344:Dimefox (TL-792) 4939: 4767: 4692:Hydrogen sulfide 4671:Hydrogen cyanide 4660:Cyanogen bromide 4626:chemical warfare 4615: 4608: 4601: 4592: 4576: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4497: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4487: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4462: 4447: 4441: 4433: 4427: 4420: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4407: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4381: 4372:. Archived from 4366: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4356: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4308: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4283: 4277: 4271:. Archived from 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4255: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4230: 4211: 4205: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4167: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4142: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4117: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4092: 4077: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4066: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4029: 4010: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3997: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3968: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3904: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3878: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3849: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3775: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3749: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3699: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3673: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3648: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3594:"Zakon o oružju" 3590: 3584: 3583: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3546: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3528: 3519:. Archived from 3513: 3507: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3484: 3473:travel.state.gov 3465: 3459: 3442: 3436: 3423: 3417: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3394: 3385:. Archived from 3367: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3357: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3336: 3321: 3315: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3270: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3217: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3161: 3160: 3151:. Archived from 3139: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3104: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3075: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2987: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2884: 2878: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2861: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2793: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2750: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2723: 2717: 2713: 2707: 2698: 2692: 2683: 2677: 2668: 2662: 2657: 2637: 2631: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2582: 2576: 2569: 2561: 2555: 2554: 2552: 2551: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2507:. Archived from 2497: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2487: 2472: 2466: 2465: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2370: 2364: 2359: 2348: 2343: 2337: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2247: 2232: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2222: 2207: 2201: 2200: 2195: 2194: 2175: 2169: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2111: 2110: 2099: 2083: 2080: 2059:Defensive weapon 2054:Offensive weapon 1469:auxiliary police 1444: 1122: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1102: 1079: 1071: 741:propylene glycol 611: 596: 586: 579: 572: 464: 218:Chlorosarin (GC) 194: 140:Nitrogen mustard 133: 48: 21: 8610: 8609: 8605: 8604: 8603: 8601: 8600: 8599: 8570: 8569: 8568: 8563: 8541: 8532:Tolfenamic acid 8452:Flufenamic acid 8348: 8255:Resiniferatoxin 8248:Ruta graveolens 8011:Diacyl glycerol 7806: 7790: 7752: 7748: 7728: 7714: 7664: 7650:Tolfenamic acid 7643:Ruta graveolens 7583:Flufenamic acid 7546: 7495:Ruta graveolens 7406:(intracellular) 7367: 7363:Tolfenamic acid 7318:Flufenamic acid 7296: 7272:Diacyl glycerol 7235: 7179: 6865:Cannabichromene 6775:4-Oxo-2-nonenal 6747: 6736: 6706: 6701: 6683: 6624: 6535:Botulinum toxin 6488: 6437: 6398: 6314:Benzyl chloride 6269: 6262: 6046: 6039: 6030:Cacodyl cyanide 5992:Vomiting agents 5986: 5784: 5777: 5686:Dimethylmercury 5608:Botulinum toxin 5574: 5353: 5267: 5169: 5122:Novichok agents 5116: 5100: 5027: 4924: 4898: 4879: 4846: 4818:Sulfur mustards 4812: 4756: 4702:Carbon monoxide 4682:Cacodyl cyanide 4641: 4640: 4624:Agents used in 4619: 4570: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4539: 4538: 4534: 4526: 4522: 4508:Wayback Machine 4498: 4494: 4485: 4483: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4460: 4458: 4449: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4430: 4421: 4414: 4405: 4403: 4393: 4392: 4388: 4379: 4377: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4354: 4352: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4315: 4306: 4304: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4253: 4251: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4228: 4226: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4203: 4199: 4190: 4188: 4179: 4178: 4174: 4165: 4163: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4140: 4138: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4115: 4113: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4090: 4088: 4079: 4078: 4074: 4064: 4062: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4040: 4036: 4027: 4025: 4012: 4011: 4004: 3995: 3993: 3986:www.ebay.com.au 3980: 3979: 3975: 3966: 3964: 3956: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3902: 3900: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3876: 3874: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3847: 3845: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3822: 3820: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3773: 3771: 3761: 3760: 3756: 3747: 3745: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3722: 3720: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3697: 3695: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3671: 3669: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3646: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3544: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3526: 3524: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3504:Wayback Machine 3495: 3491: 3482: 3480: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3452:Wayback Machine 3443: 3439: 3433:Wayback Machine 3424: 3420: 3414:Wayback Machine 3405: 3401: 3392: 3390: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3355: 3353: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3334: 3332: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3306: 3302: 3293: 3291: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3268: 3266: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3244: 3242: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3215: 3213: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3158: 3156: 3141: 3140: 3136: 3127: 3125: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3102: 3100: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3073: 3071: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3044: 3042: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3013: 3011: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2985: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2968:go.drugbank.com 2962: 2961: 2957: 2947: 2945: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2872: 2868: 2859: 2857: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2802: 2791: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2759: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2710: 2699: 2695: 2684: 2680: 2669: 2665: 2660:web.archive.org 2639: 2638: 2634: 2623: 2619: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2593: 2589: 2580: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2558: 2549: 2547: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2485: 2483: 2474: 2473: 2469: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2434:. 28 March 2023 2426: 2425: 2421: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2360: 2351: 2344: 2340: 2330: 2328: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2299: 2297: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2245: 2243: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2220: 2218: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2192: 2190: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2162: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2149: 2139: 2137: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2108: 2106: 2101: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2045: 2032: 2013:Military Police 1997: 1966:South Australia 1937:New South Wales 1927: 1903: 1767: 1743: 1738: 1521:criminal record 1438: 1342: 1170: 1151: 1123: 1112: 1106: 1103: 1092: 1080: 1069: 1049: 1025: 1017:Campden tablets 979: 970: 861: 830: 794:(known also as 780: 712: 641:capsaicin spray 590: 546: 506: 492: 451: 450: 449: 419: 409: 408: 407: 398:Diphosgene (DP) 394: 376: 366: 365: 360: 310:Novichok agents 303: 242: 233:Cyclosarin (GF) 228:Ethylsarin (GE) 191: 181: 180: 162: 161: 142: 135: 132:(HD H HT HL HQ) 131: 130: 103: 93: 92: 73: 57:Chemical agents 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8608: 8606: 8598: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8572: 8571: 8565: 8564: 8550: 8547: 8546: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8419: 8409: 8399: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8356: 8354: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8346: 8341: 8331: 8326: 8310: 8296: 8286: 8268: 8252: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8222:Dorrigo pepper 8215: 8201: 8194:Phorbol esters 8191: 8186: 8181: 8171: 8161: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8126: 8119: 8114: 8104: 8094: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8054: 8042: 8028: 8023: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7981: 7971: 7964:Cannabidivarin 7961: 7951: 7932:camphor laurel 7925: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7893: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7829: 7827: 7820: 7812: 7811: 7808: 7807: 7805: 7804: 7798: 7796: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7775: 7773: 7766: 7758: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7736: 7734: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7687: 7685: 7678: 7670: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7600: 7595: 7593:Mefenamic acid 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7554: 7552: 7548: 7547: 7545: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7515: 7499: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7401: 7396: 7390: 7388: 7381: 7373: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7304: 7302: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7294: 7289: 7286:St John's wort 7279: 7274: 7269: 7266:St John's wort 7258: 7256: 7249: 7241: 7240: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7213: 7208: 7198: 7193: 7187: 7185: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7177: 7172: 7162: 7152: 7147: 7137: 7132: 7114: 7111:Dorrigo pepper 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7079: 7069: 7059: 7054: 7044: 7039: 7032:Sichuan pepper 7025: 7009: 7004: 7002:Isothiocyanate 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6947: 6942: 6932: 6922: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6895:Cinnamaldehyde 6892: 6882: 6872: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6825: 6815: 6810: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6766: 6764: 6757: 6749: 6748: 6737: 6735: 6734: 6727: 6720: 6712: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6662: 6661: 6660: 6658:uranium oxides 6649: 6644: 6638: 6632: 6630: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6496: 6494: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6445: 6443: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6409: 6407: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6396: 6394:Crotonaldehyde 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6319:Benzyl bromide 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6280: 6274: 6272: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6260: 6258:Chlorpromazine 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6051: 6049: 6045:Incapacitating 6041: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6008: 6003: 5996: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5932:Sulfur dioxide 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5833: 5827: 5822: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5800: 5795: 5789: 5787: 5785:choking agents 5779: 5778: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5681:Tetraethyllead 5678: 5672: 5667: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5634: 5628: 5622: 5617: 5611: 5605: 5600: 5594: 5588: 5586: 5580: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5385:A.P.C. complex 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5361: 5359: 5355: 5354: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5179: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5126: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5098: 5096:V-sub x (GD-7) 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5037: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4994: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4954: 4947: 4945: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4896: 4893:Phosgene oxime 4889: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4856: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4822: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4805: 4799: 4793: 4787: 4781: 4775: 4773: 4764: 4762:Blister agents 4758: 4757: 4755: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4732:Glycolonitrile 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4657: 4651: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4633: 4631:incapacitation 4628: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4610: 4603: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4569: 4568:External links 4566: 4564: 4563: 4532: 4528:Hall v Collins 4520: 4492: 4467: 4442: 4428: 4412: 4386: 4361: 4336: 4313: 4288: 4260: 4235: 4206: 4197: 4172: 4147: 4122: 4097: 4072: 4046: 4034: 4002: 3973: 3949: 3923: 3909: 3883: 3854: 3829: 3804: 3780: 3754: 3729: 3704: 3678: 3653: 3628: 3599: 3585: 3571: 3557: 3554:on 2012-05-11. 3533: 3508: 3489: 3460: 3437: 3418: 3399: 3377:. 2007-10-21. 3362: 3341: 3316: 3300: 3275: 3251: 3235:sso.agc.gov.sg 3222: 3198: 3165: 3134: 3109: 3080: 3066:. 2016-07-21. 3051: 3021: 2995: 2973: 2955: 2929: 2911: 2897: 2879: 2866: 2808: 2805:on 2006-07-19. 2780: 2765: 2762:on 2016-12-21. 2737: 2718: 2716:1996;30:733–5. 2708: 2693: 2678: 2663: 2632: 2627:Ottawa Citizen 2617: 2599: 2587: 2556: 2522: 2492: 2467: 2445: 2419: 2401: 2382:(6): 435–474. 2365: 2349: 2338: 2307: 2274: 2252: 2236:"Pepper Spray" 2227: 2202: 2170: 2147: 2118: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2044: 2041: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2016: 2007: 2004: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1991: 1985: 1975: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1940: 1934: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1910: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1893: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1868: 1862: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1827: 1818: 1817: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1798: 1797: 1766: 1763: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1720:United Kingdom 1717: 1702: 1701: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1655: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1629: 1623: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1514: 1511:Garda Síochána 1504: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1462: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1429:demonstrations 1414: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1410: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1385: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1368:Czech Republic 1365: 1364: 1363: 1349: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1336: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1294: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1259: 1253: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1236: 1230: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1197:when on duty. 1182: 1181: 1180: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1158: 1150: 1147: 1125: 1124: 1107:September 2011 1083: 1081: 1074: 1068: 1065: 1048: 1045: 1024: 1021: 978: 975: 969: 968:Acute response 966: 929: 928: 927: 926: 920: 919: 915: 914: 913: 912: 860: 857: 856: 855: 852: 848: 847: 846: 843: 840: 837: 829: 826: 825: 824: 813: 803: 788:United Kingdom 779: 776: 775: 774: 768: 760: 711: 708: 684:mountain lions 645:capsicum spray 624: 623: 620: 618:Scoville scale 614: 613: 605: 601: 600: 592: 591: 589: 588: 581: 574: 566: 563: 562: 561: 560: 552: 551: 548: 547: 545: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 518: 515: 514: 508: 507: 505: 504: 499: 493: 491: 490: 485: 479: 478: 477: 472: 460: 459: 453: 452: 448: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 421: 420: 415: 414: 411: 410: 406: 405: 400: 395: 389: 384: 378: 377: 372: 371: 368: 367: 362: 361: 359: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 317: 314: 313: 305: 304: 302: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 260: 254: 251: 250: 244: 243: 241: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 204: 201: 200: 192: 187: 186: 183: 182: 179: 178: 173: 168: 163: 160: 159: 154: 149: 143: 138: 136: 127: 125: 120: 115: 110: 104: 99: 98: 95: 94: 91: 90: 85: 80: 74: 69: 68: 65: 64: 60: 59: 53: 52: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8607: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8562: 8561: 8557: 8554: 8548: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8512:Ruthenium red 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8492:Niflumic acid 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8427: 8423: 8420: 8417: 8413: 8410: 8407: 8403: 8400: 8397: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8367: 8366: 8361: 8360:α-Spinasterol 8358: 8357: 8355: 8351: 8345: 8342: 8339: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8324: 8323: 8319: 8314: 8311: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8297: 8294: 8290: 8287: 8284: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8269: 8266: 8265: 8261: 8256: 8253: 8250: 8249: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8223: 8219: 8216: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8202: 8199: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8179: 8175: 8172: 8169: 8165: 8162: 8159: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8134: 8130: 8127: 8124: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8112: 8108: 8105: 8102: 8098: 8095: 8092: 8088: 8087:Homocapsaicin 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8062: 8058: 8055: 8052: 8051: 8046: 8043: 8040: 8036: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8021: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8001: 8000:wild bergamot 7997: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7982: 7979: 7975: 7972: 7969: 7965: 7962: 7959: 7955: 7952: 7949: 7948:camphor basil 7945: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7929: 7926: 7923: 7922: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7901: 7897: 7894: 7891: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7824: 7821: 7818: 7813: 7803: 7802:Ruthenium red 7800: 7799: 7797: 7793: 7786: 7785: 7780: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7770: 7767: 7764: 7759: 7749: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7731: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7682: 7679: 7676: 7671: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7645: 7644: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7633:Ruthenium red 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7613:Niflumic acid 7611: 7608: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7555: 7553: 7549: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533:; indirectly) 7532: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7513: 7512: 7507: 7503: 7500: 7497: 7496: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7475: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7440:Frescolat MGA 7438: 7435: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7385: 7382: 7379: 7374: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7343:Niflumic acid 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7299: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7267: 7263: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7253: 7250: 7247: 7242: 7232: 7231:Ruthenium red 7229: 7227: 7224: 7221: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7173: 7170: 7166: 7163: 7160: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7145: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7115: 7112: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7087: 7083: 7080: 7077: 7073: 7070: 7067: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7052: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7042:Methylglyoxal 7040: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7017: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6977: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6940: 6936: 6933: 6930: 6926: 6923: 6920: 6916: 6915:Cuminaldehyde 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6900: 6896: 6893: 6890: 6886: 6883: 6880: 6876: 6873: 6870: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6826: 6823: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6761: 6758: 6755: 6750: 6746: 6743: 6733: 6728: 6726: 6721: 6719: 6714: 6713: 6710: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6689: 6686: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6669:its compounds 6666: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6627: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6605:Tetanospasmin 6603: 6601: 6600:T-2 mycotoxin 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6530:Batrachotoxin 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6474:Allyl alcohol 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6401: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6339:Chloroacetone 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6324:Benzyl iodide 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6278:Xylyl bromide 6276: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6265: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6066:Butyrophenone 6064: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6042: 6036: 6035:o-Dianisidine 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6001: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5989: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5882:Cadmium oxide 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5780: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5731:Batrachotoxin 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5632: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5614:Tetanospasmin 5612: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5489: 5486: 5483: 5480: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5356: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5270: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5119: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5103: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5030: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4901: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4885:Nettle agents 4882: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4687:Cacodyl oxide 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4644: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4622: 4616: 4611: 4609: 4604: 4602: 4597: 4596: 4593: 4587: 4584: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4579:Pepper sprays 4575: 4567: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4536: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4521: 4517: 4516:1-877235-39-3 4513: 4509: 4505: 4502: 4496: 4493: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4468: 4456: 4452: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4432: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4401: 4397: 4390: 4387: 4376:on 2013-01-02 4375: 4371: 4365: 4362: 4350: 4346: 4340: 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3415: 3411: 3408: 3403: 3400: 3389:on 2008-07-03 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3375:blog.anta.net 3372: 3366: 3363: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3331:on 2013-11-02 3330: 3326: 3320: 3317: 3314:20 June 2006. 3313: 3309: 3304: 3301: 3289: 3285: 3279: 3276: 3265: 3261: 3255: 3252: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3226: 3223: 3212: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3176: 3169: 3166: 3155:on 2013-08-26 3154: 3150: 3149: 3144: 3138: 3135: 3123: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3055: 3052: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3025: 3022: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2991: 2984: 2977: 2974: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2956: 2944: 2940: 2933: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2915: 2912: 2907: 2901: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2883: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2867: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2812: 2809: 2801: 2797: 2790: 2784: 2781: 2776: 2769: 2766: 2758: 2754: 2747: 2741: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2722: 2719: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2704: 2697: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2682: 2679: 2675: 2674: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2655: 2651: 2648:(5): 268–74. 2647: 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Llrmi.com. 2237: 2231: 2228: 2216: 2212: 2206: 2203: 2199: 2189:on 2015-01-05 2188: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2171: 2158: 2151: 2148: 2135: 2134: 2129: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2104: 2098: 2095: 2089: 2079: 2076: 2069: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2029: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1901:South America 1900: 1890: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1856: 1849: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1802:Massachusetts 1800: 1794: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1765:United States 1764: 1762: 1760: 1759:Criminal Code 1756: 1752: 1747: 1740: 1736:North America 1735: 1728: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1676: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1665: 1662: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1392: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1331: 1326: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1284: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1243: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1178: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1148: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1121: 1118: 1110: 1100: 1096: 1090: 1089: 1084:This section 1082: 1078: 1073: 1072: 1066: 1064: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1046: 1044: 1042: 1041:paintball gun 1038: 1034: 1030: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 986: 983: 976: 974: 967: 965: 962: 957: 953: 949: 947: 942: 940: 936: 935: 924: 923: 922: 921: 917: 916: 910: 909: 908: 907: 906: 903: 901: 900:visual acuity 897: 893: 888: 885: 877: 873: 865: 858: 854:Foam compound 853: 849: 844: 841: 838: 835: 834: 832: 831: 827: 822: 818: 814: 811: 807: 804: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 784: 783: 777: 772: 769: 766: 761: 757: 756: 755: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 733: 731: 727: 723: 722: 717: 709: 707: 705: 699: 697: 693: 689: 685: 680: 678: 674: 673:crowd control 670: 666: 662: 657: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 622:1,250,000 SHU 621: 619: 615: 610: 606: 602: 597: 587: 582: 580: 575: 573: 568: 567: 565: 564: 559: 556: 555: 554: 553: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 522:Xylyl bromide 520: 519: 517: 516: 513: 509: 503: 500: 498: 495: 494: 489: 486: 484: 481: 480: 476: 473: 471: 470:Agent 15 (BZ) 468: 467: 466: 465: 462: 461: 458: 454: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 422: 418: 413: 412: 404: 401: 399: 396: 393: 392:Phosgene (CG) 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 379: 375: 370: 369: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 318: 316: 315: 312: 311: 306: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 264: 261: 259: 256: 255: 253: 252: 249: 245: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 205: 203: 202: 199: 195: 190: 185: 184: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 144: 141: 137: 134: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 105: 102: 97: 96: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 75: 72: 67: 66: 63:Lethal agents 61: 58: 54: 50: 49: 43: 39: 33: 19: 8595:Self-defense 8552: 8551: 8392:Cannabigerol 8363: 8316: 8258: 8246: 8208:black pepper 8168:chili pepper 8101:chili pepper 8091:chili pepper 8082:Hepoxilin B3 8077:Hepoxilin A3 8048: 8020:chili pepper 7978:chili pepper 7919: 7782: 7641: 7568:Clotrimazole 7509: 7493: 7445:Frescolat ML 7353:Progesterone 7262:Adhyperforin 7175:WIN 55,212-2 7168: 7019: 6987:Hepoxilin B3 6982:Hepoxilin A3 6953: 6885:Cannabigerol 6610:Tetrodotoxin 6560:Grayanotoxin 6344:Bromoacetone 6334:Thiophosgene 6289:Mace (spray) 6283:Pepper spray 6282: 6268:Lachrymatory 6253:Fluphenazine 6248:Procarbazine 6158:Sleeping gas 6006:Chloropicrin 5917:Nitric oxide 5819:Chloropicrin 5763:Cloflubicyne 5726:Oxotremorine 5675:Antillatoxin 5654:Tetrodotoxin 5603:Bungarotoxin 5499:Nitromethane 5461:Formaldoxime 5400:Cyclohexanol 5365:Acetonitrile 5112:GV (EA-5365) 4934:Nerve agents 4737:Lactonitrile 4647:Blood agents 4636:riot control 4571: 4556:December 19, 4554:. 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Retrieved 2097: 2078: 2049:Mace (spray) 2037: 2033: 1981: 1841:NY Penal Law 1819: 1783: 1772: 1768: 1754: 1748: 1744: 1697: 1420: 1280:Saudi Arabia 1201: 1161:South Africa 1143:self-defense 1135:riot control 1128: 1113: 1104: 1093:Please help 1088:verification 1085: 1058: 1050: 1026: 1006: 1002: 998:baby shampoo 987: 980: 971: 958: 954: 950: 943: 932: 930: 904: 891: 889: 884:inflammatory 881: 781: 778:Counterparts 753: 734: 724:, including 719: 713: 700: 692:colloquially 681: 677:self-defense 669:riot control 644: 640: 636: 632: 629:Pepper spray 628: 627: 599:Pepper spray 526: 502:Sleeping gas 430:Chloropicrin 308: 247: 197: 123:Lewisite (L) 42:U.S. Marines 8527:Tivanisiran 8432:Capsazepine 8344:Zucapsaicin 8212:long pepper 8178:Pacific yew 8067:GSK1016790A 7954:Cannabidiol 7940:camphorweed 7628:RQ-00203078 7623:PF-05105679 7563:Capsazepine 7328:GSK2293017A 7292:Substance P 7277:GSK1702934A 7226:PF-04745637 7165:Umbellulone 7086:Pacific yew 7072:Oleocanthal 7051:wintergreen 7012:Ligustilide 6875:Cannabidiol 6840:horseradish 6620:Veratridine 6595:Shiga toxin 6550:Domoic acid 6413:Thioacetone 6379:Iodoacetone 6243:Pentazocine 6238:Sevoflurane 6203:CAR-302,668 6198:CAR-302,282 6193:CAR-302,196 6188:CAR-301,060 6183:CAR-226,086 6163:Carfentanil 6061:Apomorphine 5982:Green Cross 5773:Domoic acid 5584:Neurotoxins 5504:OPA mixture 5395:Chlorosoman 5390:Chlorosarin 5324:Phospholine 5023:Crotylsarin 5008:Fluorotabun 4980:Chlorosoman 4962:Chlorosarin 4329:8 September 3962:mpdc.dc.gov 3942:13 December 3456:Weapon Laws 3064:SecurityPro 3014:20 November 2873:Young, D., 2505:ozytive.com 2163:17 December 1995:New Zealand 1689:Switzerland 1583:Netherlands 1485:cartridges. 1439: [ 1297:South Korea 1274:Philippines 765:hydrophobic 649:lachrymator 129:Mustard gas 88:Arsine (SA) 8574:Categories 8422:Cannabinol 8322:pooissonii 8313:Tinyatoxin 8264:pooissonii 8228:Probenecid 8218:Polygodial 8174:Paclitaxel 8158:PAVA spray 8045:Evodiamine 7996:pepperwort 7911:Anandamide 7878:α-Sanshool 7826:Activators 7779:Triptolide 7772:Activators 7684:Activators 7660:TRPM4-IN-5 7578:Elismetrep 7506:stevioside 7434:eucalyptus 7430:Eucalyptol 7394:ADP-ribose 7387:Activators 7323:GSK417651A 7282:Hyperforin 7255:Activators 7135:Tear gases 7107:Polygodial 7097:PF-4840154 7082:Paclitaxel 6950:Dicentrine 6860:Bradykinin 6795:α-Sanshool 6763:Activators 6745:modulators 6570:Maitotoxin 6565:Guanitoxin 6545:Ciguatoxin 6540:Brevetoxin 6525:Anatoxin-a 6520:Aflatoxins 6433:Putrescine 6428:Cadaverine 6404:Malodorant 6228:Isoflurane 6213:Desflurane 6208:Benperidol 6153:Psilocybin 6148:PAVA spray 5830:Diphosgene 5783:Pulmonary/ 5711:Picrotoxin 5670:Strychnine 5664:Brevetoxin 5648:Maitotoxin 5631:Guanitoxin 5625:Ciguatoxin 5592:Anatoxin-a 5525:Pinacolone 5358:Precursors 5319:Selenophos 5175:Carbamates 5091:Chinese VX 4997:Cyclosarin 4986:Ethylsarin 4957:Sarin (GB) 4808:Lewisite 3 4802:Lewisite 2 4771:Arsenicals 4486:2014-10-17 4461:2018-12-09 4406:2014-06-22 4380:2009-02-08 4355:2017-04-10 4325:. ABC News 4307:2011-09-23 4282:2011-09-23 4254:2010-05-30 4229:2018-06-29 4191:2011-12-02 4166:2018-02-13 4141:2018-02-13 4116:2018-02-13 4091:2014-06-07 4065:2011-08-16 4028:2017-11-13 3996:2018-02-13 3967:2022-02-19 3903:2020-02-23 3877:2015-10-07 3848:2012-08-18 3823:2013-12-28 3774:2017-03-21 3748:2018-07-27 3723:2017-06-05 3698:2015-08-02 3672:2012-12-01 3647:2012-12-01 3527:2013-01-21 3483:2017-11-19 3416:VersammlG. 3393:2008-03-23 3356:2022-05-25 3335:2012-03-11 3294:2008-04-15 3269:2022-09-13 3245:2019-05-22 3216:2023-03-07 3159:2013-05-05 3128:2011-12-02 3103:2019-10-26 3074:2019-01-03 3045:2019-01-03 2943:D Magazine 2860:2010-05-30 2581:2011-12-02 2550:2011-12-02 2486:2011-12-02 2246:2011-12-02 2221:2011-12-02 2193:2022-09-01 2109:2009-02-09 2090:References 2064:Bear spray 1988:Queensland 1871:Washington 1824:New Jersey 1790:California 1693:greenhouse 1577:Montenegro 1483:gas pistol 1174:Bangladesh 876:US Marines 796:PAVA spray 737:emulsifier 710:Components 696:bear spray 497:PAVA spray 223:Soman (GD) 213:Sarin (GB) 208:Tabun (GA) 8553:See also: 8537:TRPV3-74a 8522:SB-705498 8517:SB-366791 8467:Lanthanum 8462:HC-067047 8382:Asivatrep 8243:Rutamarin 8107:Incensole 8057:Gingerols 8026:Estradiol 8002:, others) 7984:Carvacrol 7974:Capsaicin 7868:13-oxoODE 7858:12S-HpETE 7838:5',6'-EET 7638:Rutamarin 7537:Thio-BCTC 7490:Rutamarin 7420:Coolact P 7211:HC-030031 7076:olive oil 6972:Gingerols 6785:12S-HpETE 6665:Plutonium 6615:Volkensin 6590:Saxitoxin 6580:Palytoxin 6505:Aconitine 6233:Halothane 6223:Bufotenin 6218:Enflurane 6138:Kolokol-1 6118:Pethidine 6092:Etoxadrol 6077:Etorphine 6073:(CS-4640) 6057:(CS-4030) 6015:glycerine 5962:Salcomine 5721:Tremorine 5659:Aconitine 5642:Palytoxin 5620:Ryanodine 5597:Saxitoxin 5334:Ro 3-0422 5105:GV agents 4968:Thiosarin 4697:Phosphine 3762:Polisen. 3458:(German). 3383:1797-1993 3180:The Hindu 2642:N C Med J 2515:April 29, 2331:April 29, 2300:April 29, 1960:Officers. 1925:Australia 1892:packages. 1882:Wisconsin 1836:content. 1834:capsaicin 1642:PAM (МПК) 1559:Lithuania 1528:capsaicin 1291:Singapore 1227:Indonesia 1191:Hong Kong 1029:concealed 994:lidocaine 982:Capsaicin 977:Treatment 800:Section 5 716:capsaicin 656:capsaicin 537:CN (mace) 488:Kolokol-1 8487:NGD-8243 8472:Mavatrep 8457:GRC-6211 8426:cannabis 8416:cannabis 8406:cannabis 8396:cannabis 8377:AMG-9810 8353:Blockers 8334:Vanillin 8329:Tramadol 8293:cannabis 8271:Shogaols 8204:Piperine 7968:cannabis 7958:cannabis 7936:rosemary 7853:12S-HETE 7848:9-oxoODE 7795:Blockers 7745:PI(4,5)P 7733:Blockers 7711:PI(3,5)P 7618:Ononetin 7603:Nicotine 7551:Blockers 7527:fructose 7519:tastants 7465:Linalool 7450:Geraniol 7410:CIM-0216 7301:Blockers 7216:Nicotine 7191:A-967079 7184:Blockers 7144:cannabis 7117:Shogaols 7062:Nicotine 7028:Linalool 6967:Formalin 6929:turmeric 6925:Curcumin 6899:cinnamon 6889:cannabis 6879:cannabis 6869:cannabis 6855:ASP-7663 6813:Acrolein 6674:Polonium 6575:Modeccin 6484:Acrolein 6449:Lewisite 6354:Acrolein 6178:CS-27349 6128:Ibogaine 6011:Litharge 6000:Adamsite 5977:Diborane 5967:Fluomine 5947:Ethenone 5842:Acrolein 5809:Fluorine 5803:Phosgene 5793:Chlorine 5193:EA-3887A 5165:C01-A042 5160:C01-A039 5155:C01-A035 5033:V-agents 4943:G-agents 4828:(EA-229) 4796:Lewisite 4655:Cyanogen 4550:Archived 4504:Archived 4480:Archived 4455:Archived 4400:Archived 4349:Archived 4301:Archived 4248:Archived 4223:Archived 4185:Archived 4160:Archived 4135:Archived 4110:Archived 4085:Archived 4059:Archived 4022:Archived 3990:Archived 3936:Archived 3897:Archived 3871:Archived 3842:Archived 3817:Archived 3768:Archived 3742:Archived 3717:Archived 3692:Archived 3666:Archived 3641:Archived 3615:Archived 3500:Archived 3477:Archived 3469:"Greece" 3448:Archived 3429:Archived 3410:Archived 3288:Archived 3239:Archived 3122:Archived 3097:Archived 3068:Archived 3039:Archived 3008:Archived 2892:Cleanfax 2854:Archived 2850:12262260 2842:18924005 2654:10495655 2572:Archived 2544:Archived 2480:Archived 2462:Archived 2325:Archived 2294:Archived 2240:Archived 2215:Archived 2043:See also 2023:country. 2020:Scoville 1978:Victoria 1954:Tasmania 1913:Colombia 1865:Virginia 1861:device". 1830:New York 1814:Michigan 1658:Slovakia 1620:Portugal 1311:Thailand 1268:Pakistan 1262:Mongolia 1256:Malaysia 1218:: Legal 1067:Legality 1054:jalapeno 739:such as 721:Capsicum 665:policing 653:compound 637:OC spray 425:Adamsite 417:Vomiting 382:Chlorine 356:C01-A042 351:C01-A039 346:C01-A035 248:V-agents 198:G-agents 176:C01-A039 171:C01-A035 18:OC spray 8507:RN-9893 8502:RN-1734 8372:AMG-517 8338:vanilla 8307:oregano 8279:Sichuan 8257:(RTX) ( 8233:Protons 8196:(e.g., 8129:Menthol 8111:incense 8031:Eugenol 7988:oregano 7928:Camphor 7896:Allicin 7886:Sichuan 7873:20-HETE 7863:13-HODE 7706:ML2-SA1 7607:tobacco 7558:AMG-333 7531:sucrose 7523:glucose 7521:(e.g., 7504:(e.g., 7470:Menthol 7404:Calcium 7220:tobacco 7196:AM-0902 7125:Sichuan 7066:tobacco 6955:Lindera 6832:mustard 6818:Allicin 6803:Sichuan 6780:4,5-EET 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7313:DHEA-S 7205:celery 7121:ginger 7016:celery 7007:JT-010 6997:Icilin 6976:ginger 6939:celery 6844:wasabi 6836:radish 6822:garlic 6799:ginger 6641:Napalm 6406:agents 6270:agents 6173:JB-336 6168:JB-318 6143:LSD-25 6099:(DMHP) 6047:agents 5706:A-8564 5666:(PbTX) 5616:(TeNT) 5233:TL-599 5223:T-1194 5218:T-1152 5213:T-1123 4982:(ClGD) 4964:(ClGB) 4875:TL-301 4677:Arsine 4514: 3381: 2848: 2840: 2652: 2612:Scribd 2394: 1907:Brazil 1848:felony 1796:spray. 1741:Canada 1683:Sweden 1652:Serbia 1632:Russia 1605:Poland 1594:Norway 1566:police 1545:Latvia 1459:Greece 1399:France 1340:Europe 1322:Taiwan 1239:Israel 1149:Africa 1139:lethal 1009:CS gas 990:Maalox 810:Russia 726:chilis 688:wolves 675:, and 265:/GD-7, 8437:DCDPC 8303:thyme 8039:clove 8035:basil 7992:thyme 7906:AM404 7833:2-APB 7719:SF-22 7691:EVP21 7675:TRPML 7573:DCDPC 7542:WS-12 7308:DCDPC 7159:onion 7036:thyme 6958:spp.) 6919:cumin 6850:AM404 6629:Other 6585:Ricin 6500:Abrin 6459:KB-16 5746:IPTBO 5677:(ATX) 5650:(MTX) 5644:(PTX) 5633:(GTX) 5627:(CTX) 5610:(BTX) 5466:Nital 5272:Other 5150:A-262 5145:A-242 5140:A-234 5135:A-232 5130:A-208 4974:Soman 4970:(SGB) 4951:Tabun 4910:KB-16 4903:Other 4440:(Vic) 4276:(PDF) 3621:5 May 3552:(PDF) 3545:(PDF) 2986:(PDF) 2846:S2CID 2803:(PDF) 2792:(PDF) 2760:(PDF) 2749:(PDF) 2575:(PDF) 2568:(PDF) 2070:Notes 1858:Texas 1749:Only 1672:Spain 1517:Italy 1443:] 1250:Japan 1216:India 1185:China 1033:rings 996:gel, 992:, 2% 828:Types 817:China 647:is a 643:, or 341:A-262 336:A-242 331:A-234 326:A-232 321:A-230 189:Nerve 71:Blood 8442:DHEA 8387:BCTC 8281:and 8238:RhTx 8133:mint 8121:Low 8072:Heat 8006:DHEA 7888:and 7817:TRPV 7763:TRPP 7724:SN-2 7655:TPPO 7474:mint 7415:Cold 7399:BCTC 7378:TRPM 7358:Pyr3 7246:TRPC 7127:and 6805:and 6754:TRPA 6667:and 6285:(OC) 6002:(DM) 5832:(DP) 5821:(PS) 5805:(CG) 5756:TBPS 5751:TBPO 5599:(TZ) 5521:(TH) 5490:(DF) 5484:(SW) 5478:(TB) 5451:DMHP 5431:DEHP 5421:DIHP 5412:(KB) 5349:MSPI 4999:(GF) 4988:(GE) 4976:(GD) 4953:(GA) 4895:(CX) 4842:CEES 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