OS/2 - Knowledge (XXG)

940:(VDM). Originally, a nearly complete version of Windows code was included with OS/2 itself: Windows 3.0 in OS/2 2.0, and Windows 3.1 in OS/2 2.1. Later, IBM developed versions of OS/2 that would use whatever Windows version the user had installed previously, patching it on the fly, and sparing the cost of an additional Windows license. It could either run full-screen, using its own set of video drivers, or "seamlessly," where Windows programs would appear directly on the OS/2 desktop. The process containing Windows was given fairly extensive access to hardware, especially video, and the result was that switching between a full-screen WinOS/2 session and the Workplace Shell could occasionally cause issues. 1737: 2327:) has been able to run OS/2 without hardware virtualization support for many years. It also provided "additions" code which greatly improves host–guest OS interactions in OS/2. The additions are not provided with the current version of VirtualPC, but the version last included with a release may still be used with current releases. At one point, OS/2 was a supported host for VirtualPC in addition to a guest. Note that OS/2 runs only as a guest on those versions of VirtualPC that use virtualization (x86 based hosts) and not those doing full emulation (VirtualPC for Mac). 1203:, meaning that even people who liked it did not have to buy it. This was seen as a backdoor tactic to increase the number of OS/2 users, in the belief that this would increase sales and demand for third-party applications, and thus strengthen OS/2's desktop numbers. This suggestion was bolstered by the fact that this demo version had replaced another which was not so easily cracked, but which had been released with trial versions of various applications. In 2000, the July edition of 799:

leaving all future OS/2 development to IBM. From a business perspective, it was logical to concentrate on a consumer line of operating systems based on DOS and Windows, and to prepare a new high-end system in such a way as to keep good compatibility with existing Windows applications. While it waited for this new high-end system to develop, Microsoft would still receive licensing money from Xenix and OS/2 sales. Windows NT's OS/2 heritage can be seen in its initial support for the

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its original FAT partition, whereas the product apparently supported the later installation of Windows running from an HPFS partition, particularly beneficial for users of larger hard drives. Windows compatibility, relying on patching specific memory locations, was reportedly broken by the release of Windows 3.11, prompting accusations of arbitrary changes to Windows in order to perpetrate "a deliberate act of Microsoft sabotage" against IBM's product.

1144: 1102:. This was an entirely new product, brand new code, that borrowed only a few sections of code from both the existing OS/2 and AIX products. It used an entirely new microkernel code base, intended (eventually) to host several of IBM's operating systems (including OS/2) as microkernel "personalities". It also included major new architectural features including a system registry, JFS, support for UNIX graphics libraries, and a new driver model. 481: 2220: 1157: 843:. This was a fully object-oriented interface that was a significant departure from the previous GUI. Rather than merely providing an environment for program windows (such as the Program Manager), the Workplace Shell provided an environment in which the user could manage programs, files and devices by manipulating objects on the screen. With the Workplace Shell, everything in the system is an "object" to be manipulated. 641: 6509: 6176: 5793: 1229:(the largest PC manufacturer at the time) for a license of Windows 95, if IBM ended development of OS/2 completely. IBM refused and instead went with an "IBM First" strategy of promoting OS/2 Warp and disparaging Windows, as IBM aimed to drive sales of its own software as well as hardware. By 1995, Windows 95 negotiations between IBM and Microsoft, which were already difficult, stalled when IBM purchased 1379: 1316:

over 95% of the overall budget for the entire product line, end all new development (including Workplace OS), eliminate the Boca Raton development lab, end all sales and marketing efforts of the product, and lay off over 1,300 development individuals (as well as sales and support personnel). $ 990 million had been spent in the last full year. Warp 4 became the last distributed version of OS/2.

2448: 1251: 418: 6499: 495: 722: 583: 5803: 50: 2520: 5571: 1016: 821: 1403:. Petitions were held in 2005 and 2007, but IBM refused them, citing legal and technical reasons. It is unlikely that the entire OS will be open at any point in the future because it contains third-party code to which IBM does not have copyright, and much of this code is from Microsoft. IBM also once engaged in a technology transfer with 2345:) supports OS/2 1.x, Warp 3 through 4.5, and eComStation as well as "Other OS/2" as guests. However, attempting to run OS/2 and eComStation can still be difficult, if not impossible, because of the strict requirements of VT-x/AMD-V hardware-enabled virtualization and only ACP2/MCP2 is reported to work in a reliable manner. 1237:. As a result of the dispute, IBM signed the license agreement 15 minutes before Microsoft's Windows 95 launch event, which was later than their competitors and this badly hurt sales of IBM PCs. IBM officials later conceded that OS/2 would not have been a viable operating system to keep them in the PC business. 1449:, which was ported from the OS/2 code base. As IBM didn't release the source of the OS/2 JFS driver, developers ported the Linux driver back to eComStation and added the functionality to boot from a JFS partition. This new JFS driver has been integrated into eComStation v2.0, and later into ArcaOS 5.0. 59: 1673:

allowing the user to perform traditional computing tasks such as accessing files, printers, launching legacy programs, and advanced object oriented tasks using built-in and third-party application objects that extended the shell in an integrated fashion not available on any other mainstream operating

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That study, tightly classified as "Registered Confidential" and printed only in numbered copies, identified untenable weaknesses and failures across the board in the Personal Systems Division as well as across IBM as a whole. This resulted in a decision being made at a level above the Division to cut

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when, in fact, it was "a complete, modern, multi-tasking, pre-emptive operating system", itself hosting Windows instead of running on it. Available on CD-ROM or 18 floppy disks, the product documentation reportedly suggested Windows as a prerequisite for installing the product, also being confined to

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them – or allow some applications to run together cooperatively in a shared Windows session while isolating other applications in one or more separate Windows sessions. At the cost of additional hardware resources, this approach can protect each program in any given Windows session (and each instance

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Multiple Windows applications run by default in a single Windows session – multitasking cooperatively and without memory protection – just as they would under native Windows 3.x. However, to achieve true isolation between Windows 3.x programs, OS/2 can also run multiple copies of Windows in parallel,

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Several technical and practical reasons contributed to this breakup. The two companies had significant differences in culture and vision. Microsoft favored the open hardware system approach that contributed to its success on the PC. IBM sought to use OS/2 to drive sales of its own hardware, and urged

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for many common devices such as printers, particularly non-IBM hardware. Windows, on the other hand, supported a much larger variety of hardware. The increasing popularity of Windows prompted Microsoft to shift its development focus from cooperating on OS/2 with IBM to building its own business based

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and OS/2 1.3. During this time, Windows 3.0 became a tremendous success, selling millions of copies in its first year. Much of its success was because Windows 3.0 (along with MS-DOS) was bundled with most new computers. OS/2, on the other hand, was available only as an additional stand-alone software

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made such a proposal to IBM in 1999, but it was not followed through by the company. Serenity Systems succeeded in negotiating an agreement with IBM, and began reselling OS/2 as eComStation in 2001. eComStation is now sold by XEU.com, the most recent version (2.1) was released in 2011. In 2015, Arca

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In OS/2 2.0, most performance-sensitive subsystems, including the graphics (Gre) and multimedia (MMPM/2) systems, were updated to 32-bit code in a fixpack, and included as part of OS/2 2.1. Warp 3 brought about a fully 32-bit windowing system, while Warp 4 introduced the object-oriented 32-bit GRADD

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applications by utilizing any existing installation of Windows on the computer's hard drive. "Blue Spine" includes Windows support in its own installation, and so can support Windows applications without a Windows installation. As most computers were sold with Microsoft Windows pre-installed and the

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already defined. However, IBM requested that this API be significantly changed for OS/2. Therefore, issues surrounding application compatibility appeared immediately. OS/2 designers hoped for source code conversion tools, allowing complete migration of Windows application source code to OS/2 at some

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was added later, it only worked on network sockets. In case of a console program, dedicating a separate thread for waiting on each source of events made it difficult to properly release all the input devices before starting other programs in the same "session". As a result, console programs usually

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OS/2 2.0 was touted by IBM as "a better DOS than DOS and a better Windows than Windows". It managed this by including the fully-licensed MS-DOS 5.0, which had been patched and improved upon. For the first time, OS/2 was able to run more than one DOS application at a time. This was so effective that

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A project was launched internally by IBM to evaluate the looming competitive situation with Microsoft Windows 95. Primary concerns included the major code quality issues in the existing OS/2 product (resulting in over 20 service packs, each requiring more diskettes than the original installation),

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product (codename Ferengi), also known as "OS/2, Special Edition", was interpreted as a deliberate strategy "of cashing in on the pervasive success of the Microsoft platform" but risked confusing consumers with the notion that the product was a mere accessory or utility running on Windows such as

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in 1989 listed OS/2 as among the "Excellence" winners of the BYTE Awards, stating that it "is today where the Macintosh was in 1984: It's a development platform in search of developers". The magazine predicted that "When it's complete and bug-free, when it can really use the 80386, and when more

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IBM grew concerned about the delays in development of OS/2 2.0. Initially, the companies agreed that IBM would take over maintenance of OS/2 1.0 and development of OS/2 2.0, while Microsoft would continue development of OS/2 3.0. In the end, Microsoft decided to recast NT OS/2 3.0 as Windows NT,

1693:, though it is implemented in a radically different manner; for instance, one of the most notable differences between SOM and COM is SOM's support for inheritance (one of the most fundamental concepts of OO programming)—COM does not have such support. SOM and DSOM are no longer being developed. 1348:

Although IBM began indicating shortly after the release of Warp 4 that OS/2 would eventually be withdrawn, the company did not end support until December 31, 2006, with sales of OS/2 stopping on December 23, 2005. The latest IBM OS/2 Warp version is 4.52, which was released for both desktop and

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or access hardware directly. Other development tools included a subset of the video and keyboard APIs as linkable libraries so that family mode programs are able to run under MS-DOS, and, in the OS/2 Extended Edition v1.0, a database engine called Database Manager or DBM (this was related to

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OS/2 has been widely used by Iran Export Bank (Bank Saderat Iran) in their teller machines, ATMs and local servers (over 35,000 working stations). As of 2011, the bank moved to virtualize and renew their infrastructure by moving OS/2 to Virtual Machines running over Windows.

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Noae, LLC announced that they had secured an agreement with IBM to resell OS/2. They released the first version of their OS/2-based operating system in 2017 as ArcaOS. As of 2023, there have been multiple releases of ArcaOS, and it remains under active development.

803:, text mode OS/2 1.x applications, and OS/2 LAN Manager network support. Some early NT materials even included OS/2 copyright notices embedded in the software. One example of NT OS/2 1.x support is in the WIN2K resource kit. Windows NT could also support OS/2 1.x 2565:. The OS was eventually scrapped, but the software written for the system led to massive delays in the opening of the new airport. The OS itself was not at fault, but the software written to run on the OS was. The baggage handling system was eventually removed. 2786:

Used to connect 3270 sessions to host via ESCON channels. Introduced in September 2000 as a replacement for local, non-SNA 3174 Control Units. All models were withdrawn in 2006 and replaced by the Open System Adapter Integrated Console Controller (OSA ICC).

2428:: The availability of threads probably led system designers to overlook mechanisms which allow a single thread to wait for different types of asynchronous events at the same time, for example the keyboard and the mouse in a "console" program. Even though 880: 858:

processor, OS/2 1.x could run only one DOS program at a time, and did this in a way that allowed the DOS program to have total control over the computer. A problem in DOS mode could crash the entire computer. In contrast, OS/2 2.0 could leverage the

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Signals Control System (JLESCS) in London, England. This control system delivered by Alcatel was in use from 1999 to 2011 i.e. between abandonment before opening of the line's unimplemented original automatic train control system and the present

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Hardware vendors were reluctant to support device drivers for alternative operating systems including OS/2, leaving users with few choices from a select few vendors. To relieve this issue for video cards, IBM licensed a reduced version of the

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Although a small and dedicated community remains faithful to OS/2, OS/2 failed to catch on in the mass market and is little used outside certain niches where IBM traditionally had a stronghold. For example, many bank installations, especially

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operating environment, the two companies severed the relationship in 1992 and OS/2 development fell to IBM exclusively. The name stands for "Operating System/2", because it was introduced as part of the same generation change release as IBM's

2422:, the entire GUI system could get stuck and a reboot was required. This problem was considerably reduced with later Warp 3 fixpacks and refined by Warp 4, by taking control over the application after it had not responded for several seconds. 391:

Up to $ 990 million per year was spent developing OS/2 and its replacement. OS/2 sales were largely concentrated in networked computing used by corporate professionals; however, by the early 1990s, it was overtaken by Microsoft Windows NT.

2591:. SOSS was a computer-controlled system using OS/2 that NPR member stations used to receive programming feeds via satellite. SOSS was introduced in 1994 using OS/2 3.0, and was retired in 2007, when NPR switched over to its successor, the 3458:

I believe OS/2 is destined to be the most important operating system, and possibly program, of all time. As the successor to DOS, which has over 10,000,000 systems in use, it creates incredible opportunities for everyone involved with

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It was released in 1995. But with $ 990 million being spent per year on development of this as well as Workplace OS, and no possible profit or widespread adoption, the end of the entire Workplace OS and OS/2 product line was near.

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OS/2 sales were largely concentrated in networked computing used by corporate professionals; however, by the early 1990s, it was overtaken by Microsoft Windows NT. While OS/2 was arguably technically superior to Microsoft

2699:, both for the desktops at Ticket Counters and for the Automatic Ticket Counters up to 2011. Incidentally, the Automatic Ticket Counters with OS/2 were more reliable than the current ones running a flavor of Windows. 1685:(SOM), which allows code to be shared among applications, possibly written in different programming languages. A distributed version called DSOM allowed objects on different computers to communicate. DSOM is based on 3100: 395:

IBM discontinued its support for OS/2 on December 31, 2006. Since then, OS/2 has been developed, supported and sold by two different third-party vendors under license from IBM – first by Serenity Systems as

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in which to run DOS programs. This included an extensive set of configuration options to optimize the performance and capabilities given to each DOS program. Any real-mode operating system (such as 8086

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They rented a hall in New York City and invited hundreds to see Patrick Stewart, the then current captain of the Starship Enterprise to help roll out the product in a gala event. (Stewart was a no-show.

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scripting language. This means that OS/2 may have some code that was not written by IBM, which can therefore prevent the OS from being re-announced as open-sourced in the future. On the other hand,

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The development of OS/2 began when IBM and Microsoft signed the "Joint Development Agreement" in August 1985. It was code-named "CP/DOS" and it took two years for the first product to be delivered.

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polled the keyboard and the mouse alternately, which resulted in wasted CPU and a characteristic "jerky" reactivity to user input. In OS/2 3.0 IBM introduced a new call for this specific problem.

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OS/2 2.0 provided a 32-bit API for native programs, though the OS itself still contained some 16-bit code and drivers. It also included a new OOUI (object-oriented user interface) called the

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The Extended Edition of 1.1, sold only through IBM sales channels, introduced distributed database support to IBM database systems and SNA communications support to IBM mainframe networks.

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magazine bundled software CD-ROMs, included a full version of Warp 4 that required no activation and was essentially a free release. Special versions of OS/2 2.11 and Warp 4 also included

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mode, because of commitments made to customers who had purchased many 80286-based PS/2s as a result of IBM's promises surrounding OS/2. Until release 2.0 in April 1992, OS/2 ran in 16-bit

2379:. Once it was determined that VMware was not a possibility, it hired a group of Russian software developers to write a host-based hypervisor that would officially support OS/2. Thus, the 951:

with each copy residing in a separate VDM. The user can then optionally place each program either in its own Windows session – with preemptive multitasking and full memory protection

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to highlight the new performance benefits, and generally to freshen the product image. "Warp" had originally been the internal IBM name for the release: IBM claimed that it had used

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OS/2 2.1 was released in 1993. This version of OS/2 achieved compatibility with Windows 3.0 (and later Windows 3.1) by adapting Windows user-mode code components to run inside a

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price was less, "Red Spine" was the more popular product. OS/2 Warp Connect—which has full LAN client support built-in—followed in mid-1995. Warp Connect was nicknamed "Grape".

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compatible tools. IBM included tools such as ftp and telnet and even servers for both commands. IBM sold several networking extensions including NFS support and an X11 server.

1075:. It was released in two versions: the less expensive "Red Spine" and the more expensive "Blue Spine" (named for the color of their boxes). "Red Spine" was designed to support 1191:

software. IBM also released server editions of Warp 3 and Warp 4 which bundled IBM's LAN Server product directly into the operating system installation. A personal version of

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and the ineffective and heavily matrixed development organization in Boca Raton (where the consultants reported that "basically, everybody reports to everybody") and Austin.

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operating system by Workplace OS, as well as a microkernel product that would have been used in industries such as telecommunications and set-top television receivers.

4089: 3110: 1221:, OS/2 failed to develop much penetration in the consumer and stand-alone desktop PC segments; there were reports that it could not be installed properly on IBM's own 1356:

technologies such as Java in a platform-neutral manner. Once application migration is completed, IBM recommends migration to a different operating system, suggesting

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needed a way to use OS/2 on newer hardware that OS/2 did not support. As virtualization software is an easy way around this, the company desired to run OS/2 under a

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After IBM discontinued development of OS/2, various third parties approached IBM to take over future development of the operating system. The OS/2 software vendor

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architect, in 1988 created an immediate competition with the OS/2 team, as Cutler did not think much of the OS/2 technology and wanted to build on his work on the

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system. JLESCS did not provide automatic train operation only manual train supervision. Six OS/2 local site computers were distributed along the railway between

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The graphic system has a layer named Presentation Manager that manages windows, fonts, and icons. This is similar in functionality to a non-networked version of

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In 1996, was contracted by IBM to help promote the latest release of OS/2 Warp, version 4 (previously codenamed Merlin), due to associations with Star Trek.

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in the UK for its domestic call centre staff, using a bespoke program created to access customer accounts which cannot easily be migrated to Windows.

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terms as internal names for prior OS/2 releases, and that this one seemed appropriate for external use as well. At the launch of OS/2 Warp in 1994,

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Given these issues, Microsoft started to work in parallel on a version of Windows which was more future-oriented and more portable. The hiring of

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OS/2- and Windows-related books of the late 1980s acknowledged the existence of both systems and promoted OS/2 as the system of the future.

6512: 6196: 5736: 4070: 3267: 2403:. There are, however, OS/2-based antivirus programs, dealing with DOS viruses and Windows viruses that could pass through an OS/2 server. 1728:

comes from third parties. Sometimes it is integrated with the multimedia system, but in other offers it comes as standalone applications.

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was also included, with a number of template databases for contact management, brainstorming, and so forth. The UK-distributed free demo

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Whether Windows applications are running in full-screen or windowed mode, and in one Windows session or several, it is possible to use

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General Insurance motor and home direct call centre products using the PMSC Series III insurance platform on DB2.2 from 1996 to 2001.

5377: 4619: 3673:(transcript of a Video History interview). Interviewed by David Allison. National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution 5656: 5315: 5261: 5231: 5201: 4754: 4473: 3950: 3701: 3589: 3451: 2487: 1298: 906:

on selected machines (notably IBM machines) to break out of such a deadlock. Later, release 3.0 leveraged the enhancements of newer

520: 457: 5352: 5342: 4956: 3165: 2681:. Rather than interfacing with the user, it connects simple computers and the mainframes. When NYC MTA finishes its transition to 1736: 898:

Unlike Windows NT, OS/2 always allowed DOS programs the possibility of masking real hardware interrupts, so any DOS program could

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point. However, OS/2 1.x did not gain enough momentum to allow vendors to avoid developing for both OS/2 and Windows in parallel.

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combination, allowing the user to select among multitasked text-mode sessions (or screen groups; each can run multiple programs).

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Used in a range of automatic teller machines manufactured by IBM. Was also used in later 478x ATMs manufactured with Diebold.

876:) could also be made to run using OS/2's virtual machine capabilities, subject to certain direct hardware access limitations. 6558: 6548: 6469: 6179: 5825: 5448: 2469: 2309:

operating systems because of its extensive reliance on the full set of features of the x86 CPU; in particular, OS/2's use of

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IBM is still delivering defect support for a fee. IBM urges customers to migrate their often highly complex applications to

4444: 353:. The first version of OS/2 was initially released in December 1987, and newer versions were released until December 2001. 6449: 5391: 3132: 2720:

desktops sport OS/2-capable PCs, OS/2 will—deservedly—supersede DOS. But even as it stands, OS/2 is a milestone product".

2592: 2588: 2400: 1338: 788: 690:, that IBM's hardware did not support. Microsoft programmers also became frustrated with IBM's bureaucracy and its use of 5416: 4868: 4330: 5704: 4418: 3911: 3634:""What's happening to OS/2," a Usenet post by Gordon Letwin from August 1995, the point of view of a Microsoft employee" 2881: 2562: 2364:. It ships with VirtualBox Guest Additions, and driver improvements to improve performance as a guest operating system. 1205: 972: 892: 619: 560: 5411: 4709: 6387: 5974: 5920: 1184: 1067:

OS/2 Warp offers a host of benefits over OS/2 2.1, notably broader hardware support, greater multimedia capabilities,

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Because OS/2 only runs the user-mode system components of Windows, it is incompatible with Windows device drivers (

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Used as the operating system for the Service Processor (SP) and if installed, the Network Node Processor (NNP).

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until 2006. The workstations and automated teller machines and attendant computers have been migrated to Linux.

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Communications and database-oriented extensions were delivered in 1988, as part of OS/2 1.0 Extended Edition:

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companies. In mid-1990s native 32-bit accounting software were well developed and serving corporate markets.

2289:, allowing users to choose from a wide selection of cards supported through Scitech's modular driver design. 6553: 5731: 5661: 4043: 3753: 2642: 2558: 2368: 1697: 1404: 919: 915: 734: 695: 649: 3772:"Killer Apps: For Apple's Windows Strategy to Work, It Must Replace Microsoft Office and Buy Adobe Systems" 3231:"Joint Development Agreement Between International Business Machines Corporation And Microsoft Corporation" 1438:

There was a petition, arranged by OS2World, to open parts of the OS. Open source operating systems such as

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processor and DOS fundamentally does not. IBM insisted on supporting the 80286 processor, with its 16-bit

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stopped by the booth. The second and last time it would be shown in public was at an OS/2 user group in

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applications that could work on both systems. Because of this heritage, OS/2 shares similarities with

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calls; their names even started with "Dos" and it was possible to create "Family Mode" applications –

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A partially functional pre-alpha version of Workplace OS was demonstrated at Comdex, where a bemused

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and AVIO applications with the addition of the Windows NT Add-On Subsystem for Presentation Manager.

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Used as the operating system for the Library Manager (LM) that controlled the tape accessor (robot)

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interface, unlike the Standard mode of Windows 3.1; it only supported programs written according to

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The difficulties in efficiently running OS/2 have, at least once, created an opportunity for a new

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national railways used OS/2 1.x in thousands of ticket selling machines. Telecom companies such as

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features. This was especially painful in providing support for DOS applications. While, in 1988,

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member stations from 1994 to 2007, and used to receive the network's programming via satellite.

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OS/2 1.0 was announced in April 1987 and released in December. The original release only ran in

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The 3890/XP1 was announced November 12, 1988. It initially used OS/2 1.1 Extended Edition on a

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WPS represents objects such as disks, folders, files, program objects, and printers using the

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series of home PCs. Microsoft made an offer in 1994 where IBM would receive the same terms as

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Like most 32-bit environments, OS/2 could not run protected-mode DOS programs using the older

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operating systems). A task-switcher named Program Selector was available through the Ctrl-Esc

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OS/2 has historically been more difficult to run in a virtual machine than most other legacy

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used OS/2 in some voicemail systems. Also, OS/2 was used for the host PC used to control the

6331: 6142: 6137: 6039: 5848: 3530: 3334: 3086: 2577: 2342: 2317:. Newer versions of VMware provide official support for OS/2, specifically for eComStation. 2271: 2187: 2052: 1945: 1781: 1771: 1766: 1234: 1230: 1143: 1128: 984: 824:

OS/2 2.0 was the first 32-bit release of OS/2, and the first to feature the Workplace Shell.

746: 325: 280: 218: 206: 194: 182: 178: 173: 4258: 2292: 1689:. The object oriented aspect of SOM is similar to, and a direct competitor to, Microsoft's 6474: 6382: 5681: 5551: 5381: 5374: 5364: 5223: 4960: 4630: 4317: 3575: 3571: 3003: 2994: 2509: 2349: 2310: 2134: 2121: 2116: 2047: 2034: 1988: 1863: 1789: 1667: 1047: 1022: 868: 840: 800: 765: 545: 273: 202: 190: 186: 5248:

Showstopper! The Breakneck Race to Create Windows NT and the Next Generation at Microsoft

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OS/2 1.3 was the final 16-bit only version of OS/2, and the last to be sold by Microsoft.

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IBM TotalStorage 3494 Tape Library: A Practical Guide to Tape Drives and Tape Automation

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The collaboration between IBM and Microsoft unravelled in 1990, between the releases of

30:"CP/DOS" redirects here. For the similarly named Digital Research operating system, see 6341: 6004: 5721: 5666: 5556: 5506: 5193: 4953: 2703: 2660: 2396: 2164: 2150: 2029: 2021: 2016: 2011: 1978: 1973: 1963: 1935: 1919: 1904: 1855: 1847: 1842: 1807: 1797: 1745: 738: 532: 524: 357: 266: 5068: 4404: 2219: 1378: 964:

Windows session (though not from other programs running in the same Windows session).

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supermarket chain (and has been installed in new stores as recently as March 2010).

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of OS/2 Warp essentially contained the entire OS and was easily, even accidentally,

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IBM has used OS/2 in a wide variety of hardware products, effectively as a form of

2569: 2399:; while it is not invulnerable by design, its reduced market share appears to have 2251: 1968: 1812: 1802: 1099: 1093: 1055: 879: 848: 757: 600: 599:, was introduced with OS/2 1.1 in October 1988. It had a similar user interface to 337: 5186: 1666:. On top of this lies the Workplace Shell (WPS) introduced in OS/2 2.0. WPS is an 1071:-compatible networking, and it includes a basic office application suite known as 6188: 5276: 4792: 3718: 3181:"OS/2 resurrected: Blue Lion becomes ArcaOS, details emerge for upcoming release" 1442:

have already profited from OS/2 indirectly through IBM's release of the improved

1116:

Advanced plans for the new code base would eventually include replacement of the

828:

OS/2 2.0 was released in April 1992. At the time, the suggested retail price was

6444: 6423: 6402: 6251: 6043: 5989: 5752: 5635: 5620: 5541: 5526: 5521: 4893: 4448: 2912: 2689: 2447: 2411:

Some problems were classic subjects of comparison with other operating systems:

2357: 1837: 1446: 1432: 1420: 1369: 1250: 864: 855: 776: 742: 730: 714: 710: 673: 622: 604: 572: 417: 397: 365: 341: 295: 3136: 1382:

ArcaOS is the most recent OS/2-based operating system developed outside of IBM.

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in Microsoft's code, while Microsoft developers complained that IBM's code was

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The two products have significant differences in API. OS/2 was announced when

703: 582: 519:, and a GUI was introduced with OS/2 1.1 about a year later. OS/2 features an 385: 361: 259: 69: 4422: 3919: 3413: 3057: 3012: 1399:

Many people hoped that IBM would release OS/2 or a significant part of it as

6083: 5778: 5600: 5478: 4379: 3960: 3101:"Changes in support for IBM OS/2 Warp 4 and OS/2 Warp Server for e-business" 2902: 2678: 2603: 2583:

OS/2 was used as part of the Satellite Operations Support System (SOSS) for

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had a peak 10,000 machines running OS/2 Warp in the 1990s. OS/2 was used in

2324: 2320: 1832: 1192: 1098:

In 1991, IBM started development on an intended replacement for OS/2 called

1072: 1042: 549: 516: 494: 373: 329: 78: 5817: 5392:

Voyager Project, a defunct project to reimplement OS/2 on modern technology

2523:

An ATM in Australia revealing during a reboot that it is based on OS/2 Warp

637:. In addition, extended attributes were also added to the FAT file system. 17: 5422:

OS/2 Warp 4 Installation and Update Manual; with boot disks and many links

3890: 3298:"DBA Certification Course (Summer 2008) Chapter 1: DB2 Products and Tools" 618:

In 1989, Version 1.2 introduced Installable Filesystems and, notably, the

6288: 6127: 6051: 6014: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5595: 5590: 5585: 4598: 4569: 3813: 3391: 2850: 2818: 2805: 2667: 2551: 2174: 2111: 1958: 1909: 1886: 1881: 1387: 1068: 784: 653: 3945:(Paperback) (2nd ed.). Berkeley, California: Apress. p. 108). 3798: 2519: 820: 6372: 6278: 6073: 5999: 5910: 5905: 4695: 2887: 2622: 2528: 2472: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2338: 1827: 1741: 1457:

Release dates refer to the US English editions unless otherwise noted.

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OS/2 1.1 was the first version to feature the Presentation Manager GUI.

442: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 232: 4810: 3943:

In Search of Stupidity: Over 20 Years of High-tech Marketing Disasters

3360: 768:(EMS) emulation, OS/2 1.3, released in 1991, was still limited to one 6459: 6418: 6273: 6106: 5957: 5942: 5757: 5387:

osFree an open source project to build an OS/2 clone operating system

4755:"Breaking News—Parallels Joins the PC and Server Virtualization Fray" 4120:"C. The Similar Experiences of Other Firms in Dealing with Microsoft" 2505: 2372: 2314: 2286: 2042: 1891: 1817: 1776: 1373: 1334: 1226: 1196: 1117: 1026: 553: 401: 369: 299: 255: 110: 63:

OS/2 Warp 4 desktop. This version was released on 25 September 1996.

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DOS International named OS/2 Warp the Operating System of the Year.

1170: 95: 49: 6310: 6298: 6293: 6068: 6061: 5994: 3605:

Michael Lee Vasu; Debra W. Stewart; G. David Garson (1998-03-03).

2968: 2884:(MVDM) – OS/2 virtual DOS machine and seamless Windows integration 2742:

1+1 Magazine awarded it with the Software Marketing Quality award.

2518: 2291: 2203: 2139: 2095: 2060: 2006: 1996: 1927: 1896: 1735: 1686: 1439: 1408: 1357: 1142: 1110: 878: 873: 819: 720: 639: 581: 381: 5407:

Microsoft documentation of OS/2 API compatibility with Windows NT

4143: 2830:

to emulate the stacker control software that previously ran on a

6351: 5962: 5337: 3209:"What is dead may never die: a new version of OS/2 just arrived" 2715: 1953: 1717: 1713: 1705: 1412: 1330: 907: 888: 847:

it allowed OS/2 to run a modified copy of Windows 3.0, itself a

564: 536: 377: 58: 31: 6192: 5821: 5430: 2736:

CHIP Magazine named OS/2 Warp the Operating System of the Year.

644:

Installation Disk A of Microsoft OS/2 1.3 (3½-inch floppy disk)

6147: 5952: 5852: 5484: 4626: 4223: 4016:(Technical report). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Archived from 3414:"Implementation of extended attributes on the FAT file system" 3105: 2584: 2441: 2306: 2258: 2214: 1725: 1721: 1659: 1416: 1342: 1244: 944: 541: 411: 333: 228: 74: 4674:"Guest Operating System Installation Guide - eComStation 2.x" 4493: 3162:"OS/2: Blue Lion to be the next distro of the 28-year-old OS" 2641:. It was once intended to cover the rest of the line between 902:

the machine in this way. OS/2 could, however, use a hardware

2934:"Preview: eComStation 2.2 Beta, the legacy of OS/2 lives on" 2543:

used OS/2 as late as 2009, and even the turn of the decade.

698:. IBM developers complained about the terseness and lack of 5357: 5312:"Half an operating system: The triumph and tragedy of OS/2" 4954:

Subway History: How OS/2 Powered The NYC Subway For Decades

4830:

see IBM Developer Connection for OS/2, Internal Fixpack 12J

3979:"Half an operating system: The triumph and tragedy of OS/2" 1700:

commands. The last update (bundled with the IBM version of

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The multimedia capabilities of OS/2 are accessible through

960:

of Windows itself) from every other program running in any

500:

OS/2 1.0 featured a text-mode interface similar to MS-DOS.

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ecomstation.ru – Community of eComStation and OS/2 users

3757:(Not available in the EU; check the archive URL instead) 2733:

PC Professional Magazine - Innovation of the Year award.

2572:. He once had a 10-minute on-air rant about OS/2 versus 625:. HPFS provided a number of improvements over the older 5426: 5306:—Necasek discusses an aborted port to PowerPC machines. 3155: 3153: 2898:

Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

2231: 1411:

technology for OS/2 2.0 and above, in exchange for the

5401: 2745:

Industrie Forum awarded it with its Design Excellence.

2637:, and several formed the central equipment located at 2606:, Canada until the late 2000s when it was replaced by 4331:"OS/2, ArcaOS and eComStation Versions and Languages" 4071:"PERSONAL COMPUTERS; OS/2 No Longer at Home at Home" 4010:

Fleisch, Brett D; Allan, Mark (September 23, 1997).

2965:"Ed Iacobucci, co-founder of Citrix, dies of cancer" 1329:, run OS/2 with a customized user interface; French 629:

file system, including long filenames and a form of

364:

targeting the Intel 80286 processor. Notably, basic

6437: 6411: 6365: 6319: 6224: 6156: 6120: 6097: 6038: 5887: 5859: 5766: 5745: 5690: 5649: 5578: 5493: 5471: 5464: 3719:"Compatibility of OS/2-based Applications and APIs" 3043:"I.B.M. and Microsoft Settle Operating-System Feud" 1036:Released in 1994, OS/2 version 3.0 was labelled as 305: 291: 279: 265: 251: 238: 224: 172: 164: 144: 126: 116: 105: 85: 68: 5375:eCSoft/2 – The OS/2 and eComstation software guide 5348:netlabs.org – OpenSource Software for OS/2 and eCS 5245: 5215: 5185: 3041: 2426:No unified object handles (OS/2 v2.11 and earlier) 1029:in a DOS window, and the LaunchPad (bottom center) 4785:"the effect of computer viruses on OS/2 and Warp" 4090:"MS/DoJ: Microsoft urged IBM to yank Smart Suite" 3912:"In Search of Stupidity, Excerpts from Chapter 6" 3812:Christian Alice Scarborough (15 September 1998). 3746:"GIANT-KILLER? Microsoft mounts challenge to IBM" 3202: 3200: 531:and mouse events so that programmers writing for 3860:Bidmead, Chris (July 1994). "OS/2 for Windows". 3855: 3853: 5402:Open Source OS/2 API implementation for Windows 4856:Control Program Programming Guide and Reference 2890: – Software componentry framework standard 2702:OS/2 was used as the main operating system for 2576:and recommended OS/2. He also used OS/2 on his 2313:prevented it from running in early versions of 1626:OS/2 Warp Server for e-Business (version 4.50) 1021:OS/2 Warp Connect 3.0, showing the Windows 3.1 5358:hobbes.nmsu.edu – The OS/2 software repository 5184:Harvey M. Deitel and Michael S. Kogan (1992). 336:under the leadership of IBM software designer 6204: 5833: 5442: 4854:KbdGetConsole() and DosWaitMuxWaitSem(), see 4044:"OS/2's Last Stand: IBM OS/2 Warp 4 Turns 25" 3608:Organizational behavior and public management 2418:: if a GUI application was not servicing its 8: 4840:Bidmead, Chris (July 1994). "Just jamming". 4251:"IBM Redbooks | OS/2 Server Transition" 2527:OS/2 has been used in the banking industry. 42: 5000:"IBM's Developer Support News 1995 Issue 4" 4351:"News :: eComStation 2.1 GA available" 3877:"OS/2 Warp Frequently Asked Questions List" 3346: 3344: 1279:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 971:between OS/2 and Windows applications, and 6498: 6211: 6197: 6189: 5840: 5826: 5818: 5569: 5468: 5449: 5435: 5427: 4535:"PC Magazine (archives scanned by Google)" 4013:Workplace Microkernel and OS: A Case Study 3473:"The Unusual History of Microsoft Windows" 2666:OS/2 has been used on ticket machines for 1320:2001–2006: Discontinuation and end-of-life 1233:, which would have directly competed with 471:1985–1990: Joint IBM–Microsoft development 400:since 2001, and later by Arca Noae LLC as 41: 4562:"JaTomes Help - OS/2 Batch File Commands" 2539:network on OS/2 as late as 2002. ATMs at 2488:Learn how and when to remove this message 1708:files. Support for newer formats such as 1299:Learn how and when to remove this message 932:OS/2 2.1 and Windows compatibility (1993) 741:and therefore could not benefit from the 458:Learn how and when to remove this message 4921: 4919: 4869:"Brazilian banks look to Linux for ATMs" 4629:redbook. 2004. p. 9. Archived from 3791:"Windows 3.1 Standard Mode and the VCPI" 2765: 2270: 1459: 1377: 1064:substituted for him at the last minute. 548:family of database engines for Unix and 3875:Timothy F. Sipples (20 February 1995). 3546:"Windows Server 2003: The Road To Gold" 2924: 2877:History of the graphical user interface 2296:Document detailing OS/2's architecture. 1642:OS/2 Convenience Pack 2 (version 4.52) 1634:OS/2 Convenience Pack 1 (version 4.51) 791:rather than creating a "DOS plus". His 648:The Extended Edition of 1.2 introduced 5370:EDM/2 – The source for OS/2 developers 5338:os2world.com – Community of OS/2 users 4405:"Slashdot: IBM Won't Open-Source OS/2" 4165: 4163: 3814:"Team OS/2 Frequently Asked Questions" 3694:Inside Out, Microsoft—In Our Own Words 1176:OS/2 Warp 4 desktop after installation 1131:; the pre-alpha code refused to boot. 1105:Workplace OS was developed solely for 947:) and applications that require them. 851:, including Windows 3.0 applications. 544:, and should not be confused with the 4088:Wasserman, Elizabeth (June 8, 1999). 4042:Edwards, Ben J. (26 September 2021). 3611:. Taylor & Francis. p. 268. 3219:from the original on 19 January 2023. 2975:from the original on 25 February 2023 2932:Matthew Nawrocki (26 February 2013). 2860:Used as the operating system for the 2688:OS/2 was used in checkout systems at 1364:2001–present: Third-party development 816:OS/2 2.0 and DOS compatibility (1992) 7: 5802: 4197:"OS/2 Warp: Warranties and Licenses" 3770:Robert X. Cringely (27 April 2006). 3247:from the original on August 15, 2021 2723:In March 1995 OS/2 won seven awards 2470:adding citations to reliable sources 1277:adding citations to reliable sources 686:Microsoft to drop features, such as 440:adding citations to reliable sources 4144:"OS2 World Community Forum – Index" 3523:"OS/2 1.1 and 1.2: The Early Years" 2834:. IBM later switched to OS/2 Warp. 2568:OS/2 was used by radio personality 2275:Architecture of OS/2 Warp under x86 1506:OS/2 2.0 LA (Limited Availability) 1339:Satellite Operations Support System 975:between Windows applications only. 922:(VME)—to solve this problem. 795:was a completely new architecture. 5155:"Support Element Operations Guide" 4926:McCracken, Harry (April 2, 2012). 4468:The Art of Unix Programming p. 66 3991:from the original on 26 March 2023 3390:. PC Lube and Tune. Archived from 854:Because of the limitations of the 677:package. In addition, OS/2 lacked 349:(PS/2)" line of second-generation 25: 5657:Information Presentation Facility 5397:OS/2 to Linux API porting project 4620:"OS/2 to Linux Client Transition" 4069:Lewis, Peter H. (8 August 1995). 3544:Paul Thurrott (24 January 2003). 2750:SPA Best Business Software Award. 1756:is supported by cmd.exe on OS/2. 1349:server systems in December 2001. 867:processor to create a much safer 6508: 6507: 6497: 6175: 6174: 5801: 5792: 5791: 5737:Systems Application Architecture 5273:"Some fundamental OS/2 concepts" 3977:Reimer, Jeremy (November 2013). 3266:Michal Necasek (April 2, 1987). 2446: 2218: 1249: 1169: 1155: 1014: 1000: 493: 479: 416: 57: 48: 4807:"OS/2 Power Wiki : ClamAV" 4783:John F. Morar, David M. Chess. 4710:"Virtual Machine Configuration" 3717:Microsoft (11 September 2008). 3274:(Press release). Archived from 3207:Sharwood, Simon (19 May 2017). 2963:Nuska, Andrew (June 21, 2013). 2649:but this was never introduced. 2602:automated light rail system in 2457:needs additional citations for 2348:ArcaOS supports being run as a 427:needs additional citations for 6544:Discontinued operating systems 6219:Operating systems by Microsoft 5631:Warp Connect (PowerPC Edition) 4809:. January 2011. Archived from 4591:"JaTomes Help - OS/2 Commands" 3834:. 6 March 1995. Archived from 3109:. 12 July 2005. Archived from 3077:Necasek, Michal (2001-09-08). 2727:InfoWorld Product of the Year. 1602:OS/2 Warp Server Advanced SMP 1: 5284:Michal Necasek (2005-12-03). 3789:Microsoft (6 November 1999). 3744:Corr, O. Casey (1992-04-06). 3521:Michal Necasek (2001-10-29). 3492:"Windows History (1985–1994)" 3490:Thomas Hormby (25 May 2005). 3412:Bob Eager (28 October 2000). 3325:Michal Necasek (2001-07-16). 3305:Users.informatik.uni-halle.de 3179:Sanders, James (2016-08-31). 3160:Sanders, James (2015-11-02). 2896: – Programming framework 2675:New York City's subway system 2598:OS/2 was used to control the 2589:Public Radio Satellite System 2416:Synchronous input queue (SIQ) 1147:Firefox 3.5.4 for OS/2 Warp 4 918:(VIF), which was part of the 832:, while Windows retailed for 713:was near completion, and the 595:The promised user interface, 109:Historical, now developed as 5705:High Performance File System 5286:"OS/2 Warp, PowerPC Edition" 5035:. 25 March 1996. p. 72. 4988:. January 1989. p. 327. 4447:. 2004-06-24. Archived from 4280:"3346/GEN/K (1–32) (Page 1)" 4257:. 2003-10-06. Archived from 3941:Chapman, Merrill R. (2006). 3891:"Biography for Kate Mulgrew" 3828:"OS/2 Games Setting Archive" 2882:Multiple Virtual DOS Machine 2563:Denver International Airport 1423:for Windows and OS/2 to the 1206:Australian Personal Computer 1058:of the then-upcoming series 764:DOS applications, including 6388:Windows Embedded Automotive 6284:Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1 5271:Peter Moylan (2004-07-23). 3671:Computer History Collection 3351:David Both (May 2, 2012) . 3133:"eComStation (eCS) history" 2862:Hardware Management Console 2546:OS/2 was widely adopted by 2323:from Microsoft (originally 1704:plugins) added support for 1578:OS/2 Warp, PowerPC Edition 152:; 22 years ago 132:; 36 years ago 6575: 5677:Windows Libraries for OS/2 5073:. IBM. 2009. p. 420. 2908:Windows Libraries for OS/2 2783:Console support controller 2659:OS/2 has been used by the 1678:user interface standards. 1674:system. WPS follows IBM's 1427:project maintained by the 1367: 1091: 985:Norton Desktop for Windows 927:VME (CONFIG.SYS directive) 924: 324:) is a series of computer 29: 6493: 6398:Windows Embedded Industry 6172: 5787: 5567: 5417:Technical details of OS/2 5134:"IBM Announcement Letter" 5112:"IBM Announcement Letter" 4753:Timothy Prickett Morgan. 4172:"End of Standard Support" 3696:. Warner Business Books. 3444:McGraw-Hill Osborne Media 3353:"A Short History of OS/2" 3079:"OS/2 1.3: Ten Years Ago" 2810:Communications controller 2761:embedded operating system 2514:automated teller machines 2401:discouraged virus writers 2371:company. A large bank in 1429:REXX Language Association 1395:Petitions for open source 1327:automated teller machines 1211:symmetric multiprocessing 1007:Wordmark of OS/2 Warp 3.0 762:cooperatively multitasked 150:4.52 / December 2001 56: 47: 27:Operating system from IBM 6393:Windows Embedded Compact 6089:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6030:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5879:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5095:"IBM 3746 Software Plan" 4656:"A Notice to OS/2 Users" 4311:OS/2 Voice Press Release 2685:, OS/2 will be removed. 2633:, the shunting tower at 2504:OS/2 was widely used by 1618:WorkSpace On-Demand 2.0 1610:WorkSpace On-Demand 1.0 883:The OS/2 2.0 upgrade box 5662:Installable File System 4842:Personal Computer World 4696:"VirtualBox Guest_OSes" 4445:"IBM OS/2 Warp History" 3916:Insearchofstupidity.com 3895:Internet Movie Database 3862:Personal Computer World 3440:OS/2 Programmer's Guide 2755:IBM products using OS/2 2559:baggage handling system 2287:Scitech display drivers 1698:Media Control Interface 1649:Features and technology 1341:equipment installed at 1162:Wordmark of OS/2 Warp 4 920:Virtual Mode Extensions 811:1990–1996: Post-breakup 696:programmer productivity 356:OS/2 was intended as a 328:, initially created by 5926:DOS/360 and successors 4494:"Open Object REXX FAQ" 3667:"Bill Gates Interview" 3357:DataBook for OS/2 Warp 2730:Five Awards at CeBIT. 2673:OS/2 has been used in 2652:OS/2 has been used by 2635:Stratford Market Depot 2618:Jubilee Line Extension 2524: 2297: 2276: 2261:stack as visible with 1752:The following list of 1749: 1691:Component Object Model 1383: 1183:In 1996, Warp 4 added 1148: 1084:display driver model. 916:Virtual Interrupt Flag 884: 825: 726: 645: 631:alternate data streams 587: 168:Professionals, servers 6559:X86 operating systems 6549:IBM operating systems 5938:OS/360 and successors 5717:Journaled File System 3795:support.microsoft.com 2654:The Co-operative Bank 2613:OS/2 was used in the 2522: 2385:Parallels Workstation 2295: 2274: 1739: 1381: 1241:1996–2001: Downsizing 1146: 955:sessions, though not 925:Further information: 914:processors—the 882: 823: 729:OS/2 1.x targets the 724: 643: 585: 6485:Xbox system software 5672:Presentation Manager 4730:"ArcaOS 5.0 Changes" 3438:(1988). "Foreword". 3363:on February 18, 2013 3168:on 25 February 2023. 2557:OS/2 ran the faulty 2466:improve this article 2395:OS/2 has few native 1273:improve this section 1088:Workplace OS (1995) 1052:Master of Ceremonies 805:Presentation Manager 597:Presentation Manager 523:for controlling the 436:improve this article 310:OS/2 Warp (Archived) 6327:Nokia Asha platform 5732:System Object Model 5412:The History of OS/2 5318:on 10 December 2013 5290:The History of OS/2 5004:POublic.dhe.ibm.com 4844:. pp. 565–568. 4425:on January 27, 2013 4419:"OS/2 Warp History" 4219:"Migration Station" 4100:on January 16, 2014 3922:on January 27, 2013 3864:. pp. 251–252. 3527:The History of OS/2 3382:H. Gilbert (1995). 3331:The History of OS/2 3272:The History of OS/2 3193:on 25 October 2022. 3083:The History of OS/2 2944:on 2 September 2022 2894:System Object Model 2683:contactless payment 1683:System Object Model 1586:OS/2 Warp Server 4 1453:Summary of releases 1360:as an alternative. 938:virtual DOS machine 635:Extended Attributes 527:(VIO) and handling 368:were modeled after 44: 6373:Azure RTOS ThreadX 5700:Common User Access 5517:Christine Comaford 5380:2010-06-08 at the 5363:2020-04-06 at the 5296:on August 12, 2010 5188:The Design of OS/2 5049:. 26 February 2002 4959:2019-07-30 at the 4905:. January 24, 2002 4858:, IBM OS/2 Toolkit 4407:. 22 January 2008. 4316:2011-10-08 at the 4075:The New York Times 4023:on August 24, 2007 3832:Game Zero magazine 3692:Microsoft (2000). 3049:The New York Times 2823:Document processor 2615:London Underground 2550:professionals and 2525: 2387:product was born. 2383:company and their 2362:VMWare Workstation 2335:Oracle Corporation 2298: 2277: 2230:. You can help by 1750: 1702:Netscape Navigator 1676:Common User Access 1570:OS/2 Warp Connect 1384: 1189:speech recognition 1149: 1139:OS/2 Warp 4 (1996) 1061:Star Trek: Voyager 992:OS/2 Warp 3 (1994) 885: 826: 760:could run several 727: 646: 588: 535:need not call the 351:personal computers 322:Operating System/2 130:December 1987 6521: 6520: 6357:Windows 10 Mobile 6232:Microsoft Windows 6186: 6185: 5849:Operating systems 5815: 5814: 5774:Odin (Win32-OS/2) 5565: 5564: 5503:(chief architect) 5481:(1.0 to 1.3 only) 5080:978-0-7384-3222-9 4982:"The BYTE Awards" 4654:The VMware Team. 4482:978-0-13-142901-7 4380:"Roadmap: ArcaOS" 4048:www.howtogeek.com 3801:on March 9, 2013. 3750:The Baltimore Sun 3723:Microsoft TechNet 3618:978-0-8247-0135-2 3502:on March 12, 2006 3278:on April 10, 2010 2868: 2867: 2695:OS/2 was used by 2670:in outer-London. 2498: 2497: 2490: 2248: 2247: 1646: 1645: 1538:OS/2 for Windows 1309: 1308: 1301: 1077:Microsoft Windows 861:virtual 8086 mode 754:virtual 8086 mode 750:flat memory model 468: 467: 460: 347:Personal System/2 326:operating systems 315: 314: 100:assembly language 16:(Redirected from 6566: 6511: 6510: 6501: 6500: 6332:Nokia X platform 6225:Desktop / Server 6213: 6206: 6199: 6190: 6178: 6177: 5842: 5835: 5828: 5819: 5805: 5804: 5795: 5794: 5573: 5469: 5451: 5444: 5437: 5428: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5314:. Archived from 5310:Reimer, Jeremy. 5305: 5303: 5301: 5292:. Archived from 5280: 5275:. Archived from 5267: 5251: 5237: 5221: 5207: 5191: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5157:. Archived from 5151: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5033:Books.google.com 5025: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5015: 5006:. Archived from 4996: 4990: 4989: 4978: 4972: 4968:, Jun 13, 2019, 4950: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4923: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4898: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4871:. Archived from 4865: 4859: 4852: 4846: 4845: 4837: 4831: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4791:. Archived from 4789:research.ibm.com 4780: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4761:. Archived from 4750: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4740: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4716: 4706: 4700: 4699: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4681: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4658:. Archived from 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4641: 4635: 4624: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4606: 4597:. Archived from 4587: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4577: 4568:. Archived from 4558: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4539: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4521: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4490: 4484: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4456: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4421:. Archived from 4415: 4409: 4408: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4391: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4366: 4357:. Archived from 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4327: 4321: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4291: 4285:. Archived from 4284: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4266: 4255:Redbooks.ibm.com 4247: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4227:. Archived from 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4183: 4174:. Archived from 4167: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4154: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4096:. Archived from 4085: 4079: 4078: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4022: 4007: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3918:. Archived from 3908: 3902: 3901: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3857: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3797:. Archived from 3786: 3780: 3779: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3752:. Archived from 3741: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3649: 3640:. Archived from 3629: 3623: 3622: 3602: 3596: 3595: 3576:Rinearson, Peter 3572:Myhrvold, Nathan 3564: 3558: 3557: 3552:. Archived from 3550:winsupersite.com 3541: 3535: 3534: 3529:. Archived from 3518: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3498:. Archived from 3487: 3481: 3480: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3359:. Archived from 3348: 3339: 3338: 3333:. Archived from 3322: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3302: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3246: 3235: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3204: 3195: 3194: 3189:. Archived from 3176: 3170: 3169: 3164:. Archived from 3157: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3144: 3135:. Archived from 3129: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3113:on 27 April 2006 3097: 3091: 3090: 3085:. Archived from 3074: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3064: 3045: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3024: 3015:. Archived from 2995:McCracken, Harry 2991: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2940:. Archived from 2938:TechRepublic.com 2929: 2899: 2766: 2493: 2486: 2482: 2479: 2473: 2450: 2442: 2397:computer viruses 2254:is based on the 2243: 2240: 2222: 2215: 1714:progressive JPEG 1460: 1425:Open Object REXX 1304: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1284: 1253: 1245: 1235:Microsoft Office 1231:Lotus SmartSuite 1173: 1159: 1129:Phoenix, Arizona 1018: 1004: 980:OS/2 for Windows 835: 831: 771: 745:'s much simpler 735:segmented memory 497: 486:Logo of OS/2 1.x 483: 463: 456: 452: 449: 443: 420: 412: 306:Official website 165:Marketing target 160: 158: 153: 140: 138: 133: 61: 52: 45: 39:Operating system 21: 6574: 6573: 6569: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6517: 6489: 6433: 6407: 6383:Modular Windows 6361: 6315: 6220: 6217: 6187: 6182: 6168: 6152: 6116: 6093: 6034: 5883: 5855: 5846: 5816: 5811: 5783: 5762: 5741: 5692: 5686: 5682:Workplace Shell 5645: 5574: 5561: 5552:John R. Patrick 5489: 5460: 5455: 5382:Wayback Machine 5365:Wayback Machine 5334: 5321: 5319: 5309: 5299: 5297: 5283: 5270: 5264: 5242:Pascal, Zachary 5240: 5234: 5224:Microsoft Press 5210: 5204: 5183: 5180: 5178:Further reading 5175: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5153: 5152: 5148: 5138: 5136: 5132: 5131: 5127: 5117: 5115: 5110: 5109: 5105: 5097: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5081: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5027: 5026: 5022: 5013: 5011: 4998: 4997: 4993: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4961:Wayback Machine 4951: 4947: 4937: 4935: 4934:. Technologizer 4925: 4924: 4917: 4908: 4906: 4896: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4878: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4853: 4849: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4816: 4814: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4782: 4781: 4777: 4768: 4766: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4738: 4736: 4728: 4727: 4723: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4707: 4703: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4679: 4677: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4639: 4637: 4633: 4622: 4618: 4617: 4613: 4604: 4602: 4595:www.jatomes.com 4589: 4588: 4584: 4575: 4573: 4566:www.jatomes.com 4560: 4559: 4555: 4546: 4544: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4519: 4517: 4514:"OS/2 Timeline" 4512: 4511: 4507: 4498: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4487: 4467: 4463: 4454: 4452: 4443: 4442: 4438: 4428: 4426: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4403: 4402: 4398: 4389: 4387: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4364: 4362: 4355:eComStation.com 4349: 4348: 4344: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4328: 4324: 4320:- 21 Sept 1999. 4318:Wayback Machine 4308: 4304: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4282: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4264: 4262: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4234: 4232: 4231:on May 13, 2010 4217: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4181: 4179: 4169: 4168: 4161: 4152: 4150: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4128: 4126: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4101: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4009: 4008: 4004: 3994: 3992: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3953: 3940: 3939: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3889: 3888: 3884: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3859: 3858: 3851: 3841: 3839: 3838:on 14 June 2006 3826: 3825: 3821: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3756: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3716: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3674: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3647: 3645: 3632:Gordon Letwin. 3631: 3630: 3626: 3619: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3592: 3566: 3565: 3561: 3556:on 4 June 2010. 3543: 3542: 3538: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3505: 3503: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3454: 3430: 3429: 3425: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3397: 3395: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3366: 3364: 3350: 3349: 3342: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3309: 3307: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3281: 3279: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3250: 3248: 3244: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3206: 3205: 3198: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3159: 3158: 3151: 3142: 3140: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3116: 3114: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3062: 3060: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3022: 3020: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2978: 2976: 2962: 2961: 2957: 2947: 2945: 2931: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2897: 2873: 2757: 2712: 2661:Stop & Shop 2510:Banco do Brasil 2494: 2483: 2477: 2474: 2463: 2451: 2440: 2438:Historical uses 2420:window messages 2409: 2393: 2381:Parallels, Inc. 2350:virtual machine 2303: 2282: 2244: 2238: 2235: 2228:needs expansion 2213: 2208: 1734: 1668:object-oriented 1656: 1651: 1455: 1397: 1376: 1368:Main articles: 1366: 1322: 1305: 1294: 1288: 1285: 1270: 1254: 1243: 1213:(SMP) support. 1181: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1174: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1141: 1107:POWER platforms 1096: 1090: 1048:Patrick Stewart 1034: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1030: 1023:Program Manager 1019: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1005: 994: 934: 929: 869:virtual machine 841:Workplace Shell 833: 829: 818: 813: 801:HPFS filesystem 769: 766:expanded memory 758:Windows/386 2.1 670: 668:OS/2 1.3 (1990) 665: 616: 614:OS/2 1.2 (1989) 593: 591:OS/2 1.1 (1988) 513: 511:OS/2 1.0 (1987) 505: 504: 503: 502: 501: 498: 489: 488: 487: 484: 473: 464: 453: 447: 444: 433: 421: 410: 298: 274:Workplace Shell 268: 156: 154: 151: 136: 134: 131: 127:Initial release 77: 64: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6572: 6570: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6554:Legacy systems 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6526: 6525: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6505: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6441: 6439: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6415: 6413: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6369: 6367: 6366:Embedded / IoT 6363: 6362: 6360: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6342:Windows Mobile 6339: 6334: 6329: 6323: 6321: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6271: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6215: 6208: 6201: 6193: 6184: 6183: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6166: 6160: 6158: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6114: 6109: 6103: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6065: 6064: 6054: 6048: 6046: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5935: 5934: 5933: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5897: 5895: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5865: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5847: 5845: 5844: 5837: 5830: 5822: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5799: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5749: 5747: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5722:New Executable 5719: 5714: 5713: 5712: 5702: 5696: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5582: 5580: 5579:Major versions 5576: 5575: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5559: 5557:Mark Zbikowski 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5507:Barry Appelman 5504: 5497: 5495: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5475: 5473: 5466: 5462: 5461: 5456: 5454: 5453: 5446: 5439: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5372: 5367: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5333: 5332:External links 5330: 5329: 5328: 5307: 5281: 5279:on 2022-12-17. 5268: 5262: 5238: 5232: 5212:Letwin, Gordon 5208: 5202: 5194:Addison-Wesley 5179: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5146: 5125: 5103: 5086: 5079: 5060: 5038: 5020: 4991: 4973: 4945: 4915: 4885: 4860: 4847: 4832: 4823: 4798: 4795:on 2011-06-04. 4775: 4745: 4721: 4701: 4686: 4676:. VMware. 2014 4665: 4662:on 2006-04-20. 4646: 4611: 4582: 4553: 4526: 4505: 4485: 4461: 4436: 4410: 4396: 4371: 4342: 4322: 4302: 4271: 4242: 4210: 4188: 4159: 4135: 4111: 4080: 4061: 4034: 4002: 3969: 3951: 3933: 3903: 3882: 3867: 3849: 3819: 3804: 3781: 3762: 3759:on 2020-03-05. 3736: 3709: 3702: 3684: 3654: 3624: 3617: 3597: 3590: 3581:The Road Ahead 3578:(1996-10-08). 3559: 3536: 3533:on 2006-06-13. 3513: 3482: 3471:Bellis, Mary. 3463: 3452: 3434:; foreword by 3423: 3404: 3374: 3340: 3337:on 2010-08-11. 3317: 3289: 3258: 3222: 3196: 3171: 3149: 3124: 3092: 3089:on 2007-10-12. 3069: 3040:(1992-06-28). 3029: 2997:(2012-04-02). 2986: 2955: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2891: 2885: 2879: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2858: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2835: 2824: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2776: 2775:Usage of OS/2 2773: 2770: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2728: 2711: 2708: 2704:Abbey National 2692:supermarkets. 2535:still ran its 2496: 2495: 2454: 2452: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2423: 2408: 2405: 2392: 2391:Security niche 2389: 2369:virtualization 2302: 2301:Virtualization 2299: 2281: 2278: 2246: 2245: 2225: 2223: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1930: 1925: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1787: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1758: 1746:Microsoft OS/2 1733: 1730: 1655: 1654:User interface 1652: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1599:September 1996 1596: 1595: 1592: 1591:September 1996 1588: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1554:OS/2 2.11 SMP 1552: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1468: 1467: 1464: 1454: 1451: 1396: 1393: 1365: 1362: 1321: 1318: 1307: 1306: 1257: 1255: 1248: 1242: 1239: 1175: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1140: 1137: 1092:Main article: 1089: 1086: 1050:was to be the 1020: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1006: 999: 998: 997: 996: 995: 993: 990: 933: 930: 817: 814: 812: 809: 739:protected mode 679:device drivers 669: 666: 664: 661: 615: 612: 592: 589: 533:protected mode 512: 509: 499: 492: 491: 490: 485: 478: 477: 476: 475: 474: 472: 469: 466: 465: 424: 422: 415: 409: 406: 358:protected-mode 313: 312: 307: 303: 302: 293: 289: 288: 283: 277: 276: 271: 269:user interface 263: 262: 253: 249: 248: 243: 236: 235: 226: 222: 221: 176: 170: 169: 166: 162: 161: 148: 146:Latest release 142: 141: 128: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 107: 103: 102: 89: 83: 82: 72: 66: 65: 62: 54: 53: 38: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6571: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6539:1987 software 6537: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6514: 6506: 6504: 6496: 6495: 6492: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6436: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6364: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6347:Windows Phone 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6318: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6275: 6272: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6223: 6214: 6209: 6207: 6202: 6200: 6195: 6194: 6191: 6181: 6171: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6099:Point of sale 6096: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6063: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5940: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5861:Supercomputer 5858: 5854: 5850: 5843: 5838: 5836: 5831: 5829: 5824: 5823: 5820: 5808: 5800: 5798: 5790: 5789: 5786: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5648: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5572: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5547:Gordon Letwin 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5537:Galina Kofman 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5486: 5483: 5480: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5470: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5452: 5447: 5445: 5440: 5438: 5433: 5432: 5429: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5379: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5335: 5331: 5317: 5313: 5308: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5263:0-02-935671-7 5259: 5255: 5250: 5249: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5233:1-55615-117-9 5229: 5225: 5220: 5219: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5203:0-201-54889-5 5199: 5195: 5190: 5189: 5182: 5181: 5177: 5161:on 2014-03-05 5160: 5156: 5150: 5147: 5135: 5129: 5126: 5113: 5107: 5104: 5096: 5090: 5087: 5082: 5076: 5072: 5071: 5064: 5061: 5048: 5042: 5039: 5034: 5030: 5024: 5021: 5010:on 2022-04-08 5009: 5005: 5001: 4995: 4992: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4962: 4958: 4955: 4949: 4946: 4933: 4929: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4904: 4903: 4902:Business Wire 4895: 4889: 4886: 4875:on 2012-07-28 4874: 4870: 4864: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4848: 4843: 4836: 4833: 4827: 4824: 4813:on 2010-10-03 4812: 4808: 4802: 4799: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4779: 4776: 4765:on 2007-04-03 4764: 4760: 4756: 4749: 4746: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4722: 4711: 4705: 4702: 4697: 4690: 4687: 4675: 4669: 4666: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4647: 4636:on 2011-11-24 4632: 4628: 4621: 4615: 4612: 4601:on 2019-04-14 4600: 4596: 4592: 4586: 4583: 4572:on 2019-04-14 4571: 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OS/2 Museum 4515: 4509: 4506: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4474:0-13-142901-9 4471: 4465: 4462: 4451:on 2008-09-19 4450: 4446: 4440: 4437: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4411: 4406: 4400: 4397: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4372: 4361:on 2013-05-12 4360: 4356: 4352: 4346: 4343: 4332: 4326: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4312: 4306: 4303: 4292:on 2012-03-18 4288: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4261:on 2014-02-01 4260: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4243: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4220: 4214: 4211: 4198: 4192: 4189: 4178:on 2006-09-09 4177: 4173: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4112: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4084: 4081: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4062: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4035: 4019: 4015: 4014: 4006: 4003: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3980: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3952:9781590597217 3948: 3944: 3937: 3934: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3883: 3878: 3871: 3868: 3863: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3823: 3820: 3815: 3808: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3782: 3777: 3773: 3766: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3740: 3737: 3724: 3720: 3713: 3710: 3705: 3703:0-446-52739-4 3699: 3695: 3688: 3685: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3658: 3655: 3644:on 2007-09-23 3643: 3639: 3638:Google Groups 3635: 3628: 3625: 3620: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3601: 3598: 3593: 3591:0-670-77289-5 3587: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3540: 3537: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3514: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3483: 3478: 3474: 3467: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3453:0-07-881300-X 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3432:Iacobucci, Ed 3427: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3408: 3405: 3394:on 2006-07-14 3393: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3375: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3321: 3318: 3306: 3299: 3293: 3290: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3262: 3259: 3243: 3239: 3232: 3226: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3188: 3187: 3182: 3175: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3139:on 2021-02-04 3138: 3134: 3128: 3125: 3112: 3108: 3107: 3102: 3096: 3093: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3070: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3044: 3039: 3038:Markoff, John 3033: 3030: 3019:on 2022-11-28 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2990: 2987: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2959: 2956: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2928: 2925: 2918: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2863: 2859: 2857: 2856:IBM mainframe 2854: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2828:PS/2 Model 80 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2772:Product type 2771: 2768: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2725: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2700: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2669: 2664: 2662: 2657: 2655: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2639:Neasden Depot 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2616: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2542: 2541:Perisher Blue 2538: 2534: 2530: 2521: 2517: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2492: 2489: 2481: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2455:This section 2453: 2449: 2444: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2412: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2352:guest inside 2351: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2300: 2294: 2290: 2288: 2279: 2273: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2242: 2233: 2229: 2226:This section 2224: 2221: 2217: 2216: 2210: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1747: 1743: 1740:OS/2 Window ( 1738: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1677: 1672: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1653: 1648: 1641: 1639:November 2001 1638: 1637: 1633: 1631:November 2000 1630: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1607:November 1997 1606: 1605: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1583:February 1996 1582: 1581: 1577: 1575:December 1995 1574: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1545: 1543:February 1994 1542: 1541: 1537: 1535:November 1993 1534: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1495:December 1990 1494: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1481: 1479:November 1988 1478: 1477: 1473: 1471:December 1987 1470: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1380: 1375: 1371: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1303: 1300: 1292: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1263: 1258:This section 1256: 1252: 1247: 1246: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1172: 1158: 1145: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1095: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1028: 1024: 1017: 1003: 991: 989: 986: 981: 976: 974: 970: 965: 963: 958: 954: 948: 946: 941: 939: 931: 928: 923: 921: 917: 913: 912:Intel Pentium 909: 905: 901: 896: 894: 890: 881: 877: 875: 870: 866: 862: 857: 852: 850: 844: 842: 837: 822: 815: 810: 808: 806: 802: 796: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 773: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 723: 719: 716: 712: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 692:lines of code 689: 683: 680: 675: 667: 663:1990: Breakup 662: 660: 657: 655: 651: 642: 638: 636: 632: 628: 624: 621: 613: 611: 608: 606: 602: 598: 590: 584: 580: 578: 577:Query Manager 574: 570: 566: 562: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 538: 534: 530: 526: 525:video display 522: 518: 510: 508: 496: 482: 470: 462: 459: 451: 441: 437: 431: 430: 425:This section 423: 419: 414: 413: 407: 405: 403: 399: 393: 389: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 360:successor of 359: 354: 352: 348: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 311: 308: 304: 301: 297: 294: 290: 287: 284: 282: 278: 275: 272: 270: 264: 261: 257: 254: 252:Influenced by 250: 247: 246:Hybrid kernel 244: 241: 237: 234: 230: 227: 223: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 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Retrieved 2942:the original 2937: 2927: 2797:Tape library 2758: 2722: 2714: 2713: 2701: 2694: 2687: 2672: 2665: 2658: 2651: 2612: 2597: 2593:ContentDepot 2582: 2570:Howard Stern 2567: 2556: 2545: 2526: 2503: 2499: 2484: 2475: 2464:Please help 2459:verification 2456: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2394: 2366: 2347: 2337:(originally 2329: 2319: 2304: 2283: 2252:TCP/IP stack 2249: 2236: 2232:adding to it 2227: 1751: 1695: 1680: 1657: 1615:October 1998 1594:OS/2 Warp 4 1562:OS/2 Warp 3 1559:October 1994 1522:OS/2 2.00.1 1519:October 1992 1503:October 1991 1487:October 1989 1456: 1437: 1428: 1424: 1407:, licensing 1398: 1385: 1351: 1347: 1323: 1314: 1310: 1295: 1286: 1271:Please help 1259: 1215: 1204: 1182: 1133: 1122: 1115: 1104: 1100:Workplace OS 1097: 1094:Workplace OS 1082: 1066: 1059: 1056:Kate Mulgrew 1041: 1037: 1035: 979: 977: 966: 961: 956: 952: 949: 942: 935: 897: 886: 853: 849:DOS extender 845: 838: 827: 797: 774: 728: 708: 684: 682:on Windows. 671: 658: 647: 617: 609: 594: 558: 514: 506: 454: 445: 434:Please help 429:verification 426: 404:since 2017. 394: 390: 366:system calls 355: 338:Ed Iacobucci 321: 317: 316: 292:Succeeded by 174:Available in 117:Source model 36: 6470:Singularity 6445:Azure Linux 6424:LAN Manager 6403:Windows IoT 6044:workstation 5753:eComStation 5542:Barry Leiba 5527:Naveen Jain 5522:Moshe Dunie 5322:12 December 5218:Inside OS/2 5165:30 December 5139:30 December 5118:30 December 5029:"InfoWorld" 4966:Andrew Egan 4542:PC Magazine 4309:Dan Casey: 4050:. 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Microsoft 3663:Gates, Bill 3568:Gates, Bill 3496:osviews.com 2913:LAN Manager 2631:Westminster 2358:VMware ESXi 2256:open source 1748:Version 1.3 1664:Windows GDI 1447:file system 1433:SourceForge 1421:Object REXX 1401:open source 1370:eComStation 1193:Lotus Notes 908:Intel 80486 865:Intel 80386 856:Intel 80286 787:project at 777:Dave Cutler 772:"DOS box". 743:Intel 80386 731:Intel 80286 715:Windows API 711:Windows 2.0 694:to measure 674:Windows 3.0 605:Windows 3.0 601:Windows 2.1 573:LAN Manager 408:Development 398:eComStation 362:PC DOS 342:Windows 3.1 296:eComStation 286:Proprietary 18:OS/2 Warp 4 6528:Categories 6450:Barrelfish 5746:Successors 5691:Technology 5667:LAN Server 5650:Components 5532:Susan Kare 5465:Developers 5014:2021-10-11 4909:2010-01-24 4879:2008-05-27 4817:2012-08-17 4769:2007-10-19 4739:2020-09-04 4715:2020-09-05 4680:2022-01-13 4640:2011-07-05 4605:2019-04-14 4576:2019-04-14 4547:2016-12-19 4520:2016-12-19 4499:2011-07-05 4455:2008-09-09 4390:2023-10-21 4365:2013-03-20 4336:2020-08-24 4296:2013-03-20 4265:2013-03-20 4182:2006-08-08 4153:2013-03-20 4129:2013-03-20 4124:Albion.com 3648:2007-10-18 3479:. 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