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199:. No operations of any significance occurred until the end of 1942. Starting in 1943, small groups or individuals were parachuted behind Japanese lines to remote Kachin villages, followed by a parachute supply drop. The Americans then began to create independent guerrilla groups of the Kachin people, calling in weapons and equipment drops. In December 1943 Stilwell issued a directive that Detachment 101 increase its strength to 3,000 guerillas. They were recruited from within Burma, many of them "fierce Kachins".
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taking over command. At the end of the war, each Kachin Ranger received the CMA (Citation for
Military Assistance) Award. Actually, the medal was the result of a mistake. An OSS officer, reading a radio message that advised him how to reward heroic Kachin action, misinterpreted the abbreviation for
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were vital to the unit's success. By the time of its deactivation on July 12, 1945, Detachment 101 had scored impressive results. According to official statistics, with a loss of some 22 Americans, Detachment 101 killed 5,428 Japanese and rescued 574 Allied personnel." 101's efforts opened the way
160:, identifying targets for the Army Air Force to bomb, and rescuing downed Allied airmen. Because Detachment 101 was never larger than a few hundred Americans, it relied on support from various tribal groups in Burma. In particular, the vigorously anti-Japanese
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Rangers were given a "Certificate of
Military Assistance" and a medal known as a "Citation for Military Assistance." An illustration of an actual certificate and medal presented to a Kachin Ranger may be viewed
118:, who wrote: "The courage and fighting spirit displayed by its officers and men in offensive action against overwhelming enemy strength reflect the highest tradition of the armed forces of the United States."
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missions. They ambushed
Japanese patrols, rescued downed American pilots, and cleared small landing strips in the jungle. They also screened the advances of larger Allied forces, including
222:"comma" ("CMA") as signifying some sort of a medal. Reluctant to leave the Kachins empty handed, the OSS quickly created the medal and presented it to them.
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Detachment 101 was "the first
American unit ever assembled to conduct guerrilla warfare, espionage and sabotage behind enemy lines."
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156:. The first unit of its kind in US service, the Detachment was charged with gathering intelligence, harassing the Japanese through
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419:"Detachment 101 Office of Strategic Services: Burma – April 14, 1942 to July 12, 1945 "The American-Kachin Rangers""
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In July 1942, twenty OSS men moved in and set up headquarters at Nazira in the northeastern Indian province of
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During most of the unit's existence, it funded and coordinated various resistance groups made up of the
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325:"World War II: America's Office of Strategic Services' Struggle to Regain Burma"
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Behind the Burma Road:The Story of
America’s Most Successful Guerrilla Force.
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people of northern Burma. The best known resistance force was known as the
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Behind
Japanese Lines in Burma: The Stuff of Intelligence Legend (2001).
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Military units and formations of the United States Army in World War II
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Behind
Japanese Lines in Burma: The Stuff of Intelligence Legend (2001)
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that June), activated
Detachment 101 for action behind enemy lines in
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106:(COI) just weeks before it evolved into the OSS) operated in the
430:"Secrets and Spies: Behind-the-Scenes Stories of World War II".
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when he was relieved because of serious head injuries, Lt. Col.
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Military operational unit of the US Office of
Strategic Services
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Military units and formations in Burma in World War II
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Once established, the groups undertook a variety of
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310:Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1963, p. 243-244.
100:Detachment 101 of the Office of Strategic Services
501:Intelligence Operations of OSS Detachment 101.
375:U.S. Army Special Operations in World War II.
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465:Behind Japanese Lines: With the OSS in Burma
108:China-Burma-India Theater of World War II
112:Presidential Distinguished Unit Citation
104:Office of the Coordinator of Information
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110:. On 17 January 1956, it was awarded a
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129:Detachment 101 was the creation of
378:CMH pub ; 70-42, 1958, ch. 5.
323:Staff, HistoryNet (12 June 2006).
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496:. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
25:Detachment 101 training camp at
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506:Central Intelligence Agency.
499:Central Intelligence Agency.
348:Central Intelligence Agency.
188:and was under the command of
150:Office of Strategic Services
401:www.insigne.org/OSS-101.htm
116:President Dwight Eisenhower
76:OSS Detachment 101 officers
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434:. Pleasantville, NY. 1963.
146:Coordinator of Information
131:Millard Preston Goodfellow
135:Special Operations Branch
461:Dunlop, Richard (1979).
444:Burma: The Forgotten War
354:. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
213:Eifler held the rank of
148:(which evolved into the
93:shoulder sleeve insignia
37:Squad of Kachin Rangers.
442:; Murray, John (2004).
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536:Groups of World War II
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510:Retrieved 2012-05-30.
503:Retrieved 2012-05-28.
493:Behind the Burma Road
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372:Hogan, David W. Jr.
140:"On April 14, 1942,
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521:OSS 101 Association
208:Merrill's Marauders
175:Merrill's Marauders
363:Peers, back cover.
102:(formed under the
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64:meet near Naubum,
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484:Peers, William R.
453:978-0-7195-6576-2
298:Peers, William R.
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302:Dean Brelis
530:Categories
329:HistoryNet
285:References
242:Fort Hertz
167:Stilwell's
237:Force 136
232:Ledo Road
173:Raiders,
171:Wingate's
490:(1963).
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62:Stilwell
334:28 June
215:colonel
125:History
58:Merrill
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182:Kachin
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27:Nazira
260:Notes
197:Assam
154:Burma
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