991:", but a limit "on the right of expression that is justifiable in a free and democratic society" and the applicants, who he said showed a misunderstanding of the oath's purpose, would, even after taking the oath, remain "free to oppose the monarch or advocate for its abolition". He further ruled that the oath does not contravene either religious or equality rights. The case was taken again to the Ontario Court of Appeal, which, in August 2014, upheld the decision of the Superior Court, Justice Karen Weiler stating "he purpose of the oath is not to compel expression... but to obtain a commitment to our form of government from those wishing to become Canadian citizens. If there is a violation of the appellants' rights to freedom of expression, it is justified. Following the ruling, the plaintiffs stated they would seek leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada. Throughout the trial, media commentary was mixed: the
693:
or "Judge, Mr. Mrs. Ms. , in accordance with the provisions of the
Citizenship Act, it is my privilege to present to you applicants for citizenship who have complied with the requirements of the Citizenship Act and are now ready to take the oath of citizenship and become Canadian citizens." The presiding official addresses the crowd with a short speech outlining the duties and responsibilities of being a Canadian citizen, after which the participants are instructed to stand, raise their right hand and the judge or presiding officer leads the applicants in the recitation the Oath of Citizenship in both French and English. Those who have taken the oath then sign the oath document and the presiding officer presents each of them with their Certificate of Citizenship. After some closing remarks, the ceremony is concluded with the singing of
944:
876:—the commitment new citizens make to the succession to the Canadian Crown. Addressing this, both Bills C-16 and C-18 contained a clause stating: "removing the words 'Her Heirs and Successors' does not imply that pledging allegiance to the... Crown ends with the death of the current Queen. Section 35 of the Interpretation Act states that, in every enactment, the phrases 'Her Majesty', 'the Queen', 'the King', or 'the Crown' mean the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, Canada and Her other Realms and Territories, and Head of the Commonwealth. Thus, upon her death, the reference to Queen Elizabeth will automatically be read as a reference to the succeeding monarch."
579:
940:. This attempt was unsuccessful, with the majority of the court ruling that "he fact that the oath 'personalizes' one particular constitutional provision has no constitutional relevance, since that personalization is derived from the Constitution itself... Even thus personalized, that part of the Constitution relating to the Queen is amendable, and so its amendment may be freely advocated, consistently with the oath of allegiance, either by expression, by peaceful assembly or by association." Further appeal of this decision to the Supreme Court was denied.
4072:
1096:
327:
50:
760:
1020:
4084:
604:
1076:(in which the niqāb matter became a 'wedge' issue) craft a press release indicating the Cabinet would introduce to parliament "in the days ahead" legislation to ban niqāb at citizenship ceremonies. Ishaq recited the oath privately before a female citizenship judge and became a Canadian citizen on 9 October 2015, though the government pressed the issue to the
783:, conducted in January 1996, 51% of respondents felt that a new oath of allegiance should remove any reference to the Queen, and 38% felt that allegiance should be pledged to both Canada and its sovereign. Only 5% favoured swearing allegiance only to the monarch; though, at the same time, only 5% of Canadians were aware the Queen was their
983:
the case to the
Ontario Superior Court. During the proceedings, the Monarchist League of Canada publicly supported the present oath and opposed Roach's actions and media reaction was also negative, with a number of op-ed pieces denouncing Roach's challenges. Roach's case was dismissed by the Ontario Superior Court in January 2009.
932:(CCR) who refused to swear the Oath of Citizenship, attempted through the courts to have struck down the requirement to pledge allegiance to the monarch to obtain citizenship. With the support of his own law firm and CCR, Roach launched a number of suits against the Crown, beginning in 1994, when he argued to the
799:
was more critical on 11 December: "The new citizenship oath... leaves us cold... It would strengthen the political argument for abolishing the monarchy on the death of Queen
Elizabeth; and it would test monarchist support by seeing how many Canadians even notice or holler. We noticed. Consider this a
494:
By the mid-1970s, it was thought that because Canada had a shared monarch the Oath of
Citizenship should clarify for new citizens that the fealty they were offering was specifically to the monarch in her capacity as the Canadian head of state, rather than, for example, the head of state of Jamaica or
982:
and said in a letter to his fellow litigants: "If we win this class action, a centuries-old tradition would begin to unravel." Though the federal Crown made two attempts to have the case dismissed as frivolous and vexatious, on 20 February 2008, the
Ontario Court of Appeal approved the proceeding of
692:
The RCMP officer opens the ceremony in the name of the King, followed by the clerk introducing the applicants for citizenship, stating: "Your Honour (or other appropriate rank), these people assembled here have qualified for
Canadian citizenship and appear before you to take the Oath of Citizenship"
566:
J’affirme solennellement que je serai fidèle et porterai sincère allégeance à Sa Majesté le Roi
Charles Trois, Roi du Canada, à ses héritiers et successeurs, que j’observerai fidèlement les lois du Canada, y compris la Constitution, qui reconnaît et confirme les droits — ancestraux
540:
I swear (or affirm) that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to His
Majesty King Charles the Third, King of Canada, His Heirs and Successors, and that I will faithfully observe the laws of Canada, including the Constitution, which recognizes and affirms the Aboriginal and treaty rights of
726:
Since the last amendment to the vow in 1977, the idea of modifying it yet again has come up periodically. In 1987, the government proposed alterations to the
Citizenship Act that included studying to what or whom allegiance should be given in the Oath of Citizenship: to the Crown, the country, or
553:
Je jure fidélité et sincère allégeance à Sa Majesté le Roi
Charles Trois, Roi du Canada, à ses héritiers et successeurs et je jure d’observer fidèlement les lois du Canada, y compris la Constitution, qui reconnaît et confirme les droits — ancestraux ou issus de traités —des Premières Nations, des
1059:
ruled on 11 February 2015 in Ishaq's favour. Judge Keith Boswell opined the regulations require citizenship judges administer the oath "allowing the greatest possible freedom in the religious solemnization or the solemn affirmation thereof" and asked how that could be possible if a rule requires
423:
that year, the Canadian Oath of Citizenship was established. Proposals for modification of the oath have surfaced from time to time, including removing references to the sovereign, adding loyalty to societal principles, and/or adding specific mention to Canada. However, it is maintained within
808:
From this day forward, I pledge my loyalty and allegiance to Canada and Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Canada. I promise to respect our country's rights and freedoms, to defend our democratic values, to faithfully observe our laws and fulfil my duties and obligations as a Canadian
734:
Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration examined changes to the Citizenship Act. Several witnesses presented divergent views on the oath: some argued that the present form should be retained, while others expressed a desire to see the name of the country given prominence, though not
1043:
requiring those taking the oath to do so without any face covering. She expressed willingness to unveil herself and recite the oath in private, but took offence at the demand she remove her niqāb in a public ceremony. Kenney said veils and masks prevented citizenship ceremony officials from
515:
issued in 2015 a series of "calls to action", one of which proposed revising the Oath of Citizenship to: "I swear (or affirm) that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to (His or Her) Majesty (King or Queen) (Regnal name and numeral), (King or Queen) of Canada, (His or Her) Heirs and
820:
Dorénavant, je promets fidélité et allégeance au Canada et à Sa Majesté Elizabeth Deux, Reine du Canada. Je m'engage à respecter les droits et libertés de notre pays, à défendre nos valeurs démocratiques, à observer fidèlement nos lois et à remplir mes devoirs et obligations de citoyen(ne)
775:, stated on the suggested alterations to the oath: "This is a difficult decision to make, because I realise that when you speak about changing the oath, people think you want to change all the monarchy system. We don't want a discussion like that in Canada right now." According to an
499:
were inserted after the Queen's name and the oath was officially named the Canadian Citizenship Oath. This new format maintained the traditional assertion of allegiance to the monarch, but also inserted the name of the country three times in a way consistent with Canada's status as a
1044:
confirming each candidate is speaking the oath, as required by law, and the oath is a "public declaration that you are joining the Canadian family and it must be taken freely and openly." Approximately 100 people are affected annually by the policy, which was supported by the
634:. However, all must sign the oath, with parents signing on behalf of any of their children who are minors. These actions are carried out in the context of a citizenship ceremony, approximately 2,500 of which take place each year, and are functions normally presided over by a
856:. Subsequent Bills C-16 (2000) and C-18 (2002) also proposed the same changes to the Oath of Citizenship; the former also died on the Order Paper due to the prorogation of parliament, while the latter never made it past second reading in the House of Commons.
986:
Roach relaunched the case in 2012 and, on 18 June, the Ontario Superior Court permitted the case's continuance, though Roach died on 2 October of that year. In September 2013, Justice Edward Morgan dismissed the case, stating the oath is "a form of
957:
In 2007, Roach, along with three others—Michael McAteer, an Irish immigrant with "republican heritage"; Ashok Charles, an Indo-Canadian professional photographer; and Howard Gomberg, a professional actor and performer from the United States—filed a
747:, proposed a further step of creating a new "declaration" of citizenship, and commissioned ten Canadian writers to compose a pledge, with the explicit instruction not to refer to the monarch of Canada; the suggested declaration decided on was:
424:
Canada's legal system that an oath to the sovereign is "in fact an oath to a domestic institution that represents egalitarian governance and the rule of law". Consequently, it has only been modified twice, once in 1977 and again in 2021.
833:
In pledging allegiance to Canada, I take my place among Canadians, a people united by God whose sacred trust is to uphold these five principles: equality of opportunity, freedom of speech, democracy, basic human rights, and the rule of
469:
I swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to His Majesty King George the Sixth, His Heirs and Successors, according to law, and that I will faithfully observe the laws of Canada and fulfil my duties as a Canadian
467:, which came into effect on 1 January of the following year. New immigrants were then required to recite the Oath of Allegiance for Purposes of Citizenship, which was an adaptation of the original Oath of Allegiance: "
867:
and vague terminology, as well as what could be construed as the separation of the monarch from the state (contradicting the inherent notion that the monarch personifies the state) and placed second to it. Like the
2609:
1476:"Speaking notes for the Honourable Jason Kenney, P.C., M.P. Minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism at a special citizenship ceremony with Their Royal Highnesses The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge"
749:
I am a citizen of Canada, and I make this commitment: to uphold our laws and freedoms; to respect our people in their diversity; to work for our common well-being; and to safeguard and honour this ancient northern
1760:
887:, suggesting that the Citizenship Act be amended so that the Oath of Citizenship included a provision wherein the new citizen offered loyalty to Canadian values, with violation of this oath punishable by
1538:
3746:
4019:
3756:
3897:
863:, while not against amendment in general, voiced its strongest opposition to the proposals to remove the sovereign. From the group there was also commentary against what it saw as being
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The one sentence that sums up the niqab 'debate:' Nestled in Justice Johanne Trudel's 24-paragraph Federal Court of Appeal decision is a phrase that explains this whole sorry mess
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I pledge full allegiance to Canada and Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Canada, and swear to faithfully obey the laws and fulfill my duties as a citizen
3751:
2670:
1417:
744:
1764:
966:, claiming that the requirement to take the Oath of Citizenship not only violated the aforementioned sections of the charter, but also clause 2(a), that relating to
630:
and, at the discretion of the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, those who are prevented from understanding the significance of taking the oath due to mental
444:, people immigrating from those states were not required to recite any oath upon immigration to Canada; those coming from a non-Commonwealth country would take the
2725:
2408:
523:
Responding to Call to Action 94, the Government passed Bill C-8, which received Royal Assent on June 21, 2021 and updated the Oath to include Indigenous Peoples.
355:
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201:
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1544:
512:
228:
2919:"Justin Trudeau's government drops controversial niqab appeal: Zunera Ishaq says move is a 'very good gesture from the government in supporting minorities'"
681:
may preside at a ceremony if a citizenship judge is unavailable. These events also include the participation of a clerk of the court and, when available, a
3024:
2699:
2827:
2119:
849:
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479:
was the first person to take this oath. Though new citizens were thereafter required by law to recite the Oath of Citizenship, on 1 April 1949, 359,000
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called for the oath to be changed so prospective citizens swore allegiance to "Canada" as the symbol of the country's constitutional order, whereas
82:
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937:
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1182:
943:
196:
803:
Bill C-63, the proposed Citizenship of Canada Act, was put before parliament in 1999; in it was a variant on the present Oath of Citizenship:
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promise to obey the laws and customs of their new country, fulfil their duties as citizens, and recognize the authority of the monarch as the
2850:
2557:
1822:
1386:
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1148:
448:. When India became a republic in 1950, however, the Commonwealth contained countries that did not recognize the monarch shared amongst the
1339:
1049:
206:
1281:
3533:
3163:
666:
658:
578:
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ou issus de traités — des Premières Nations, des Inuits et des Métis, et que je remplirai loyalement mes obligations de citoyen canadien
408:
124:
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of the type worn by Zunera Ishaq and for a short period disallowed for Canadian citizenship candidates reciting the Oath of Citizenship
3703:
3114:
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1369:
1258:
1144:
780:
708:
may take the Oath of Citizenship "as long as you are clear in your mind that you are doing so without contravening the sovereignty of
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2008:
1119:
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72:
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editorial of 12 December 1998 stated: "The language is being drained dry, killed by a thousand smiley-faced cuts," while the
87:
33:
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682:
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77:
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The Oath of Citizenship must be recited by all citizenship applicants in Canada in order to obtain citizenship, save for
4110:
3646:
3621:
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3014:
2416:
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307:
2149:
4125:
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1670:"Immigration & citizenship > Canadians > Celebrate > Our citizenship > Host a citizenship ceremony"
892:
841:
740:
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law professor, however, opined that the rule of law itself was Canadian value, thus rendering the report as moot.
526:
The Oath of Citizenship is today a legally binding oral and written contract intended to ensure that new Canadian
3887:
3839:
3805:
3543:
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3275:
3200:
2752:"Woman asks to be sworn in as citizen as soon as possible after overturn of policy requiring her to remove niqab"
129:
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With potential new Commonwealth immigrants who did not already owe allegiance to Canada's shared sovereign, the
4040:
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2778:"Harper vows to appeal court ruling allowing women to wear niqab during citizenship oath, calls it 'offensive'"
1889:
1109:
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848:, the bill was under consideration by the Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs when a
582:
473:
453:
420:
269:
186:
2179:
2125:
1508:
An Act to amend the Citizenship Act (Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada's call to action number 94)
1011:
defended the oath as it is. In February 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada refused to hear any further appeal.
1475:
1453:
An Act to amend the Citizenship Act(Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada's call to action number 94)
388:. Administered at a ceremony presided over by a designated official, the oath is a promise or declaration of
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necessarily with the absence of mention of the sovereign. The committee recommended a new citizenship oath:
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3683:
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1895:
Trust and the Monarchy: an examination of the shifting public attitudes toward government and institutions
1056:
488:
412:
292:
1039:, challenged the regulation that was implemented in 2011 by then Minister of Citizenship and Immigration
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3592:
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1114:
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reacted by stating the following day that the Crown-in-Council would appeal the judgement. However, the
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67:
59:
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41:
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must be displayed, along with other national symbols, including a portrait of the reigning monarch.
3902:
3820:
3776:
3715:
3528:
3408:
3265:
1506:
1156:, CP 15, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada (published 21 December 2011), p. 6, archived from
1069:
97:
1981:
1957:
1795:, The Citizenship Oath and the Ceremony, Ottawa: Canadian Political Science Association, p. 5
3917:
3793:
3720:
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967:
925:
789:
772:
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449:
416:
393:
1345:
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in 1931. As the country shared the same person as its sovereign with the other countries of the
49:
607:
Recent recipients of their Canadian citizenship at the end of a citizenship ceremony, with the
495:
of the United Kingdom. Thus, as part of an amendment to the Citizenship Act in 1977, the words
4014:
3984:
3932:
3892:
3882:
3854:
3827:
3663:
3609:
3584:
3359:
3303:
3293:
3070:
2997:
2192:
1718:
1382:
1344:, Ottawa: Library of Parliament, p. 2, 30 & 31 Victoria, c. 3. (U.K.), archived from
1287:
1124:
635:
608:
302:
144:
2242:
836:. Bryden's proposal was defeated in a vote of 189 to 31, and Bill C-63 itself never received
4050:
3927:
3877:
3872:
3456:
3185:
3139:
2944:
Monarchist League of Canada: Queen or Country? Does it Matter? Understanding a Crucial Issue
2328:
2292:
988:
880:
845:
764:
753:
139:
17:
4088:
3907:
3844:
3810:
3614:
3339:
3317:
3312:
2726:"National Post View: Court was right to strike down niqab ban during citizenship ceremony"
2700:"Jason Kenney defends his 2011 decision to ban wearing of niqabs during citizenship oaths"
864:
651:
505:
433:
377:
2307:
1190:, Research Paper 00/17, Westminster: House of Commons Library, p. 17, archived from
974:
to swear allegiance to the Canadian sovereign to receive citizenship was akin to forcing
2948:
2751:
2260:
2093:
936:
that being forced to take the oath was a violation of clauses 2(b), 2(d), and 15 of the
899:
to place the devotions and hostilities of their homeland before their duty to Canada. A
759:
3962:
3912:
3334:
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3094:
2386:
1061:
1007:
828:
795:
686:
620:
612:
437:
263:
2016:
1669:
787:. Meanwhile, press reaction to the continued proposals for alternate oaths was muted.
4104:
4076:
3430:
3344:
3195:
1578:
1543:, J. The Oath of Citizenship (Schedule), Ottawa: Parliament of Canada, archived from
1101:
1001:
917:
784:
397:
331:
1392:
1060:
candidates to "violate or renounce a basic tenet of their religion". Prime Minister
547:
The equally valid French language version of the oath of citizenship is as follows:
3867:
3298:
3225:
1902:
1040:
1032:
979:
971:
959:
947:
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831:
put forward an amendment that would remove the sovereign from the oath altogether:
647:
541:
First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples, and fulfil my duties as a Canadian citizen.
1019:
554:
Inuits et des Métis, et de remplir loyalement mes obligations de citoyen canadien.
2610:"Court ruling confirms Canadian citizenship comes with the Queen, like it or not"
2346:
419:
and was inherited by and used in Canada prior to 1947. With the enactment of the
3393:
3205:
1787:
888:
853:
701:
670:
627:
603:
527:
401:
1639:
3029:
2280:
1091:
631:
384:), is a statement recited and signed by those who apply to become citizens of
2671:"Oath to Queen stays as citizenship requirement after Supreme Court decision"
2432:"Dying Toronto lawyer has one last chance in battle against citizenship oath"
516:
Successors, and that I will faithfully observe the laws of Canada, including
3698:
2949:
Citizens for a Canadian Republic: Canada's unconstitutional Citizenship Oath
297:
1934:
2015:(Spring-Summer 2000). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from
872:, the league also questioned the legality of the elimination of the words
767:, who in 1994 closed a government project to alter the Oath of Citizenship
3952:
3190:
2851:"Zunera Ishaq takes citizenship oath wearing niqab after challenging ban"
1316:
1036:
1024:
694:
484:
2121:
Roach v. Canada (Minister of State for Multiculturalism and Citizenship)
432:
Prior to 1947, Canadian law continued to refer to Canadian nationals as
3246:
3210:
3180:
1986:, I. Serment de citoyenneté (annexe), Ottawa: Bibliothèque du Parlement
677:
authorized by the Registrar of Canadian Citizenship, or holders of the
2828:"Zunera Ishaq cleared by court to take citizenship oath wearing niqab"
2806:"Niqab ban at citizenship ceremonies unlawful, as Ottawa loses appeal"
2044:, I. The Oath of Citizenship (Schedule), Ottawa: Library of Parliament
1962:, I. The Oath of Citizenship (Schedule), Ottawa: Library of Parliament
3220:
2989:
1838:"Chretien nixed axing oath to Queen at last minute, ex-minister says"
1789:
The Canadian Citizenship Reform Project: In Search of the Holy Grail?
885:
Canada's Inadequate Response to Terrorism: The Need for Policy Reform
616:
389:
385:
1874:
Staff Writer (16 August 1996), "Drop Oath to Queen, 51% Tell Poll",
400:
and uphold the duties of a Canadian citizen; upon signing the oath,
2195:(Press release). Citizens for a Canadian Republic. 10 December 2005
3251:
1747:
1702:
1690:
1564:
1018:
942:
758:
709:
705:
602:
577:
1313:"Queen or Country? Does it Matter? Understanding a Crucial Issue"
615:, and, in the background, a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II and a
2962:
2217:
Application: Charles C. Roach v. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
1232:"Canadian Citizenship Act and Current Issues > Introduction"
588:
becomes the first person to take the Oath of Citizenship, from
2124:, A-249-92, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
1901:, Ottawa: EKOS Research Associates, p. 34, archived from
975:
697:
in English or French or a bilingual version that is provided.
532:
personification of the state and various entities and concepts
1217:
McAteer et al. v. Attorney General of Canada, 2013 ONSC 5895
2584:"National Post View: Why we pledge allegiance to the Queen"
2457:"Citizenship oath to the Queen constitutional, court rules"
1068:
upheld the earlier ruling and refused an application for a
891:. The intention of the report's recommendations, penned by
771:
By 1996, the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, then
483:
became Canadian citizens without taking the oath, when the
2223:, 1.1, Toronto: Roach Schwartz & Associates, p. 1
1072:, prompting the Conservative Party to, during the ongoing
2958:
2505:"New citizens should pledge loyalty to Canada: Editorial"
2193:"Canada's Citizenship Act target of class action lawsuit"
1859:
Staff (25 May 1996), "Minister About to Grab Spotlight",
712:" and that reciting it should not be viewed as a form of
452:
as their own, though still regarding that individual as
2808:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 15 September 2015
1416:
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (2015),
895:, was to counter the support immigrants received from
411:, the modern form of which was implemented in 1689 by
2483:"Oath to the Queen upheld by Ontario Court of Appeal"
1341:
Oaths of Allegiance and the Canadian House of Commons
2308:"Ottawa champions an oath some new Canadians reject"
2009:"MP's Vote 189–31 to Keep Queen in Citizenship Oath"
1537:
Dolin, Benjamin; Young, Margaret (1 November 2002),
1338:
Bédard, Michel; Robertson, James R. (October 2008),
436:, despite the country becoming independent from the
4028:
4002:
3941:
3853:
3769:
3739:
3691:
3682:
3583:
3517:
3421:
3357:
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3264:
3234:
3173:
3162:
3068:
3005:
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2830:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 5 October 2015
2214:Roach Schwartz & Associates (7 December 2005),
1983:
Projet de loi C-63 Loi sur la citoyenneté au Canada
1931:"Citizenship Oath: Victory on Retaining the Queen!"
1255:"Ottawa marks 60th anniversary of Cdn. citizenship"
2917:Mas, Susana; Crawford, Alison (16 November 2015).
2182: (Ontario Superior Court 23 January 2009).
852:was called, resulting in the bill's demise on the
730:The subject was addressed again in 1994, when the
508:, not treated as an abstraction or a corporation.
1381:, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 2,
1181:Walker, Aileen; Wood, Edward (14 February 2000),
2152:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 18 May 2007
1730:, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 11
1586:, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 20
1219:. Ontario Superior Court of Justice. p. 13.
520:, and fulfill my duties as a Canadian citizen."
2558:"A distinctly Canadian oath—I'll swear to that"
2476:
2474:
727:both, and in what order? No changes were made.
563:
550:
537:
2150:"Lawyer allowed to challenge citizenship oath"
1761:"Oath of Citizenship: Prohibited for Muslims?"
409:oath of allegiance taken in the United Kingdom
2974:
1933:. Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from
1315:. Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from
349:
8:
2531:"The oath to the Queen: we swear, it's fair"
1603:
1425:, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
1286:, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
704:, of the Islamic Institute of Toronto, that
229:Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada
1713:
1711:
1280:Citizenship and Immigration Canada (2008),
3938:
3688:
3514:
3270:
3170:
3045:World wars and interwar period (1914–1945)
3002:
2981:
2967:
2959:
2693:
2691:
2169:
2167:
1647:, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, 26.1
1084:, the new Cabinet withdrew the challenge.
356:
342:
202:Protecting Canada's Immigration System Act
28:
2322:
2320:
874:Her Heirs and Successors according to law
752:. Marchi was told by then Prime Minister
2640:"Editorial: Standing firm for the Queen"
2275:
2273:
2041:BILL C-16: The Citizenship of Canada Act
1811:
1809:
1577:Elizabeth II (1 November 2012), "20.1",
1540:Bill C-18: The Citizenship of Canada Act
970:. He stated in the media that requiring
2954:Osgoode Hall Law School on Roach's case
2800:
2798:
2669:The Canadian Press (26 February 2015).
2144:
2142:
1959:Bill C-63 The Citizenship of Canada Act
1924:
1922:
1748:Citizenship and Immigration Canada 2008
1703:Citizenship and Immigration Canada 2011
1691:Citizenship and Immigration Canada 2011
1663:
1661:
1565:Citizenship and Immigration Canada 2011
1532:
1530:
1528:
1136:
938:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
745:minister of Citizenship and Immigration
40:
2064:"Make immigrants take oath of loyalty"
1617:"Prepare for the citizenship ceremony"
1364:
1362:
197:Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
3747:Metropolitan areas and agglomerations
2698:Goodman, Lee-Anne (17 October 2014).
2481:The Canadian Press (13 August 2014).
2347:"Don't forget who signed our Charter"
1821:harv error: no target: CITEREFYoung (
1497:
1495:
1493:
1450:Parliament of Canada (21 June 2021),
1306:
1304:
7:
2724:Editorial Board (11 February 2015).
2556:Yakabuski, Konrad (16 August 2014).
2455:Canadian Press (20 September 2013).
2259:Editorial Board (20 February 2008),
1514:, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada
1080:. Following the election won by the
1050:National Council of Canadian Muslims
978:to swear an oath to a descendant of
207:Canadian immigration and refugee law
4020:Topics by provinces and territories
2921:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
2608:McParland, Kelly (14 August 2014).
2485:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
2459:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
2038:Young, Margaret (24 October 2000),
659:Order of Merit of the Police Forces
513:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2896:"Guarding against "us" and "them""
2776:Quan, Douglas (12 February 2015).
2750:Quan, Douglas (11 February 2015).
2327:Brean, Joseph (20 February 2008),
2306:Brean, Joseph (19 February 2008),
2241:Brean, Joseph (19 February 2008),
2175:Roach v. Canada (Attorney General)
2096:. Citizens for a Canadian Republic
2092:Citizens for a Canadian Republic.
1370:Citizenship and Immigration Canada
1145:Citizenship and Immigration Canada
781:Citizenship and Immigration Canada
534:. Its current form is as follows:
504:—i.e., in a monarchy the state is
25:
2582:Editorial Board (13 March 2015).
2329:"Queen's role to be put to trial"
1816:
1724:2001 Census Results Teacher's Kit
1035:, a Toronto resident who wears a
964:Ontario Superior Court of Justice
952:Ontario Superior Court of Justice
4083:
4082:
4070:
2898:. Tri City News. 7 December 2015
2872:Wherry, Aaron (7 October 2015),
2646:. 18 August 2014. Archived from
1283:60 Years of Canadian Citizenship
1230:Young, Margaret (October 1997).
1120:History of immigration to Canada
1094:
930:Citizens for a Canadian Republic
667:Sovereign's Medal for Volunteers
518:Treaties with Indigenous Peoples
325:
73:History of immigration to Canada
48:
3105:Former colonies and territories
2849:Kohut, Tania (9 October 2015).
2430:Donkin, Karissa (1 July 2012),
2407:Editorial Board (10 May 2007),
1980:Young, Margaret (14 May 1999),
1956:Young, Margaret (14 May 1999),
1253:News Staff (16 February 2007).
1150:Guide to Citizenship Ceremonies
675:Meritorious Service Decorations
3040:Post-Confederation (1867–1914)
2363:Corbella, Lisa (12 May 2007),
2345:Guthrie, Gavin (14 May 2007),
2062:Bell, Stewart (1 March 2006),
1836:Perkel, Colin (12 July 2013).
1638:Elizabeth II (17 April 2009),
83:Economic impact of immigration
1:
1929:Monarchist League of Canada.
1763:. IslamOnline. Archived from
1474:Kenney, Jason (1 July 2011).
1311:Monarchist League of Canada.
700:It has been stated by Sheikh
683:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
465:Canadian Citizenship Act 1946
404:is granted to the applicant.
239:Immigration and Refugee Board
234:Canada Border Services Agency
103:Provincial Nomination Program
78:Canada immigration statistics
1786:Garcea, Joseph (June 2003),
1672:. Queen's Printer for Canada
1478:. Queen's Printer for Canada
1456:, Queen's Printer for Canada
1234:. Queen's Printer for Canada
922:permanent resident of Canada
859:Throughout the process, the
844:and a second reading in the
665:(Lieutenant and Commander),
621:Royal Coat of Arms of Canada
560:Or, the French affirmation:
18:Oath of citizenship (Canada)
3085:Crown and Indigenous people
2005:Monarchist League of Canada
861:Monarchist League of Canada
586:William Lyon Mackenzie King
477:William Lyon Mackenzie King
407:The vow's roots lie in the
4147:
3975:Provincial and territorial
3898:Inventions and discoveries
3035:British Canada (1763–1867)
2365:"Oath challenge an insult"
815:In French, this would be:
574:Administration of the oath
396:and a promise to abide by
125:History of nationality law
4064:
3201:Newfoundland and Labrador
1819:, The Oath of Allegiance)
897:official multiculturalism
654:, a member of either the
628:those under the age of 14
4131:Canadian nationality law
2013:Canadian Monarchist News
1890:EKOS Research Associates
1110:Canadian nationality law
1046:Muslim Canadian Congress
840:; after approval by the
756:to abandon the project.
648:territorial commissioner
454:Head of the Commonwealth
270:Canadians of convenience
3135:Persons of significance
3130:National Historic Sites
2391:"Honour our traditions"
2261:"The Queen is Canadian"
2116:Federal Court of Canada
1580:Citizenship Regulations
1066:Federal Court of Appeal
656:Order of Military Merit
502:constitutional monarchy
413:King William II and III
88:Permanent resident card
3030:New France (1534–1763)
1668:Government of Canada.
1619:. Government of Canada
1184:The Parliamentary Oath
1028:
954:
768:
763:Former Prime Minister
623:
600:
570:
557:
544:
489:Canadian Confederation
382:serment de citoyenneté
381:
293:Demographics of Canada
4121:Immigration to Canada
3242:Northwest Territories
3145:Territorial evolution
1257:. CTV. Archived from
1115:Immigration to Canada
1048:, but opposed by the
1022:
968:freedom of conscience
946:
901:University of Toronto
827:Member of Parliament
777:Angus Reid Strategies
762:
663:Royal Victorian Order
606:
581:
192:Immigration Act, 1976
187:Citizenship Act, 1976
182:Citizenship Act, 1946
177:Immigration Act, 1869
68:Immigration to Canada
4116:Government of Canada
3216:Prince Edward Island
2375:on 27 September 2007
2243:"Unwilling to swear"
2128:on 23 September 2015
1767:on 26 September 2007
1503:Parliament of Canada
1348:on 22 September 2009
912:Legality of the oath
685:(RCMP) officer. The
461:Parliament of Canada
244:Public Safety Canada
155:Commonwealth citizen
150:Honorary citizenship
42:Canadian citizenship
4111:Oaths of allegiance
3571:Firearms regulation
2118:(20 January 1994),
1908:on 19 December 2008
1398:on 22 November 2009
1319:on 23 February 2008
1261:on 18 February 2007
1215:Morgan, J. (2013).
1197:on 19 December 2008
1070:stay of proceedings
695:the national anthem
644:lieutenant governor
450:Commonwealth realms
370:Oath of Citizenship
135:Oath of Citizenship
98:Temporary residency
93:Permanent residency
4126:Monarchy of Canada
3752:Population centres
2562:The Globe and Mail
2535:The Globe and Mail
2409:"Protect the oath"
2074:on 17 January 2010
1937:on 23 October 2007
1750:, p. 53, 16.4
1029:
997:The Globe and Mail
955:
950:, location of the
790:The Globe and Mail
773:Lucienne Robillard
769:
650:, a member of the
624:
601:
593:Thibaudeau Rinfret
446:Oath of Allegiance
308:Population by year
4098:
4097:
4077:Canada portal
3998:
3997:
3765:
3764:
3579:
3578:
3534:Political parties
3502:Foreign relations
3417:
3416:
3304:Canadian Prairies
3294:Pacific Northwest
3260:
3259:
3158:
3157:
3115:Foreign relations
2650:on 23 August 2014
2620:on 14 August 2014
2419:on 10 August 2015
1719:Statistics Canada
1705:, p. 43, 9.5
1693:, p. 10, 4.1
1604:Elizabeth II 2009
1567:, p. 28, 6.5
1547:on 3 October 2006
1388:978-1-100-12739-2
1125:Citizenship judge
883:issued a report,
636:citizenship judge
609:citizenship judge
463:thus enacted the
366:
365:
332:Canada portal
303:Canadian identity
16:(Redirected from
4138:
4086:
4085:
4075:
4074:
4073:
3939:
3782:Higher education
3689:
3674:Science and tech
3561:Multiculturalism
3515:
3497:Local government
3462:House of Commons
3446:Governor General
3282:
3271:
3186:British Columbia
3171:
3025:Pre-colonization
3003:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2960:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2616:. Archived from
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2511:. 15 August 2014
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2415:, archived from
2404:
2398:
2397:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2371:, archived from
2360:
2354:
2353:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2291:, archived from
2289:Western Standard
2285:"Windsor Hassle"
2277:
2268:
2267:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2222:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2070:, archived from
2059:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1729:
1715:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1646:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1585:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1534:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1499:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1424:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1391:, archived from
1380:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1290:on 21 March 2008
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1155:
1141:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1074:federal election
1015:Wearing of niqāb
989:compelled speech
881:Fraser Institute
850:federal election
842:House of Commons
732:House of Commons
722:Proposed changes
640:governor general
599:, 3 January 1947
485:British Dominion
434:British subjects
394:Canadian monarch
374:Citizenship Oath
358:
351:
344:
330:
329:
328:
130:Citizenship Test
52:
29:
21:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4071:
4069:
4060:
4024:
3994:
3937:
3849:
3840:Social programs
3806:Law enforcement
3761:
3735:
3678:
3575:
3513:
3413:
3353:
3340:Atlantic Canada
3318:Canadian Shield
3313:Northern Canada
3280:
3279:
3256:
3230:
3166:and territories
3165:
3154:
3064:
3011:
2992:
2987:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2880:
2878:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2537:. 10 April 2014
2529:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2440:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2389:(12 May 2007),
2387:Quesnel, Joseph
2385:
2384:
2380:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2295:on 1 April 2008
2283:(4 June 2007),
2279:
2278:
2271:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2180:05-CV-301832 CP
2173:
2172:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2131:
2129:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2094:"CCR Executive"
2091:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2075:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2045:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1989:
1987:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1965:
1963:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1892:(30 May 2002),
1888:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1814:
1807:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1641:Citizenship Act
1637:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1550:
1548:
1536:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1500:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1459:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1435:
1433:
1432:on 15 June 2015
1429:
1422:
1419:Calls to Action
1415:
1414:
1410:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1378:
1375:Discover Canada
1368:
1367:
1360:
1351:
1349:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1293:
1291:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1017:
962:lawsuit in the
926:executive board
914:
909:
893:David Collacott
724:
669:(aged 18+) the
652:Order of Canada
638:. Further, the
576:
571:
558:
545:
497:Queen of Canada
481:Newfoundlanders
430:
421:Citizenship Act
362:
326:
324:
319:
318:
317:
287:
277:
276:
275:
258:
250:
249:
248:
223:
213:
212:
211:
171:
161:
160:
159:
119:
109:
108:
107:
62:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4144:
4142:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4103:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4080:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4041:Historiography
4038:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3859:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3803:
3802:
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2923:. Retrieved
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2844:
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2822:
2812:21 September
2810:. Retrieved
2785:. Retrieved
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2771:
2759:. Retrieved
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2733:. Retrieved
2729:
2719:
2707:. Retrieved
2703:
2678:. Retrieved
2675:Toronto Star
2674:
2664:
2652:. Retrieved
2648:the original
2643:
2634:
2622:. Retrieved
2618:the original
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2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2587:
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2561:
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2539:. Retrieved
2534:
2525:
2513:. Retrieved
2509:Toronto Star
2508:
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2487:. Retrieved
2463:23 September
2461:. Retrieved
2450:
2439:, retrieved
2436:Toronto Star
2435:
2425:
2417:the original
2412:
2402:
2395:Winnipeg Sun
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2381:
2373:the original
2369:Winnipeg Sun
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2332:
2311:
2301:
2293:the original
2288:
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2254:
2246:
2236:
2225:, retrieved
2216:
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2187:
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2130:, retrieved
2126:the original
2120:
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2098:. Retrieved
2087:
2076:, retrieved
2072:the original
2067:
2057:
2046:, retrieved
2040:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2017:the original
2012:
1999:
1988:, retrieved
1982:
1975:
1964:, retrieved
1958:
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1935:the original
1910:, retrieved
1903:the original
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1876:Toronto Star
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1861:Toronto Star
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1842:. Retrieved
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1545:the original
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1436:21 September
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1393:the original
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1199:, retrieved
1192:the original
1183:
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1158:the original
1149:
1139:
1054:
1041:Jason Kenney
1033:Zunera Ishaq
1030:
1006:
1000:
996:
993:Toronto Star
992:
985:
980:Adolf Hitler
972:black people
960:class action
956:
948:Osgoode Hall
915:
884:
878:
873:
869:
865:Americanised
858:
838:Royal Assent
832:
826:
821:canadien(ne)
819:
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632:disabilities
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496:
493:
468:
458:
442:Commonwealth
431:
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373:
369:
367:
285:Demographics
134:
26:
3918:Individuals
3726:2021 Census
3711:Immigration
3593:Agriculture
3554:Transgender
3394:Great Lakes
3374:Earthquakes
3328:Great Lakes
3235:Territories
3206:Nova Scotia
3125:Monarchical
3110:Immigration
2925:20 December
2902:20 December
2787:19 February
2761:19 February
2735:19 February
2709:19 February
2680:26 February
2281:Steyn, Mark
889:deportation
854:Order Paper
779:survey for
702:Ahmad Kutty
671:Polar Medal
506:personified
428:Composition
402:citizenship
169:Legislation
140:Citizenship
117:Nationality
60:Immigration
4105:Categories
4046:Historians
3903:Literature
3816:Corruption
3799:Euthanasia
3789:Healthcare
3731:Population
3453:Parliament
3423:Government
3060:since 1982
2857:16 October
2132:16 January
1482:14 January
1402:3 December
1131:References
928:member of
617:bas-relief
3821:Terrorism
3777:Education
3716:Languages
3704:Ethnicity
3699:Canadians
3647:Petroleum
3627:Companies
3529:Elections
3409:Volcanism
3384:Mountains
3266:Geography
3174:Provinces
3164:Provinces
3095:Etymology
3055:1960–1981
3050:1945–1960
3008:Year list
2881:9 October
2834:5 October
2654:20 August
2624:20 August
2567:20 August
2541:20 August
2515:20 August
2489:20 August
2227:9 January
2199:9 January
2156:9 January
2100:9 January
2078:6 January
2048:8 January
2023:8 January
1990:8 January
1966:8 January
1941:8 January
1912:8 January
1844:20 August
1799:7 January
1771:8 January
1734:8 January
1651:28 August
1590:28 August
1551:8 January
1352:5 January
1323:7 January
1294:8 January
1265:7 January
1238:7 January
1201:6 January
1167:28 August
1031:In 2014,
800:holler."
595:, in the
298:Canadians
145:Passports
4089:Category
4029:Research
4003:Contents
3985:Heraldic
3893:Identity
3888:Holidays
3883:Folklore
3794:Abortion
3721:Religion
3659:Taxation
3566:Cannabis
3544:Intersex
3520:Politics
3492:Military
3404:Wildlife
3191:Manitoba
3120:Military
3090:Economic
3015:timeline
2593:14 March
1840:. Global
1721:(2001),
1623:22 March
1505:(2021),
1372:(2009),
1147:(2011),
1088:See also
528:citizens
221:Agencies
34:a series
32:Part of
4056:Surveys
4051:Studies
4015:Outline
3990:Tartans
3944:Symbols
3933:Theatre
3878:Cuisine
3855:Culture
3828:Poverty
3770:Society
3664:Tourism
3637:Fishing
3610:Banking
3585:Economy
3441:Monarch
3379:Islands
3276:Regions
3247:Nunavut
3211:Ontario
3181:Alberta
2998:History
2441:30 July
1676:17 July
1518:24 June
1460:23 June
916:Lawyer
809:citizen
743:, then
706:Muslims
661:or the
619:of the
487:joined
470:citizen
392:to the
3953:Anthem
3928:Sports
3873:Cinema
3845:Values
3692:Topics
3632:Energy
3615:Dollar
3480:Courts
3457:Senate
3399:Rivers
3369:Cities
3360:Topics
3221:Quebec
3140:Racism
3071:Topics
2990:Canada
2178:,
1385:
1005:, and
846:Senate
390:fealty
386:Canada
378:French
257:Issues
4010:Index
3980:Royal
3913:Media
3908:Music
3811:Crime
3740:Lists
3252:Yukon
3150:Women
2221:(PDF)
1906:(PDF)
1899:(PDF)
1817:Young
1793:(PDF)
1728:(PDF)
1645:(PDF)
1584:(PDF)
1512:(PDF)
1430:(PDF)
1423:(PDF)
1396:(PDF)
1379:(PDF)
1195:(PDF)
1188:(PDF)
1161:(PDF)
1154:(PDF)
1037:niqāb
1025:niqāb
715:shirk
710:Allah
372:, or
3968:List
3963:Flag
3549:LGBT
3473:list
2927:2015
2904:2015
2883:2015
2859:2015
2836:2015
2814:2015
2789:2015
2763:2015
2737:2015
2711:2015
2682:2015
2656:2014
2626:2014
2595:2015
2569:2014
2543:2014
2517:2014
2491:2014
2465:2013
2443:2012
2229:2009
2201:2009
2158:2009
2134:2009
2102:2009
2080:2009
2050:2009
2025:2009
1992:2009
1968:2009
1943:2009
1914:2009
1846:2014
1823:help
1801:2009
1773:2009
1736:2009
1678:2015
1653:2013
1625:2022
1592:2013
1553:2009
1520:2021
1484:2012
1462:2021
1438:2015
1404:2009
1383:ISBN
1354:2009
1325:2009
1296:2009
1267:2009
1240:2009
1203:2009
1169:2013
1055:The
976:Jews
924:and
920:, a
750:land
642:, a
611:, a
511:The
415:and
376:(in
368:The
3868:Art
3642:Oil
3431:Law
834:law
673:or
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