648:
358:
668:
496:, that is, located in the right or left side of the brain. These claims are often inaccurate, as most brain functions are actually distributed across both hemispheres. Most scientific evidence for asymmetry relates to low-level perceptual functions rather than the higher-level functions popularly discussed (e.g. subconscious processing of grammar, not "logical thinking" in general). In addition to this lateralization of some functions, the low-level representations also tend to represent the
47:
62:
527:
308:
subtypes to be markedly asymmetrical between the hemispheres. However, while some of these hemispheric distribution differences are consistent across human beings, or even across some species, many observable distribution differences vary from individual to individual within a given species.
507:) where both are often found exclusively on the left hemisphere. These areas frequently correspond to handedness however, meaning the localization of these areas is regularly found on the hemisphere opposite to the dominant hand. Function lateralization, such as
647:
667:
417:
The large expanse of medullary matter now exposed, surrounded by the convoluted margin of gray substance, is called the centrum semiovale. The blood supply to the centrum semiovale is from the superficial
1021:
Weiss PH, Ubben SD, Kaesberg S, Kalbe E, Kessler J, Liebig T, Fink GR (January 2016). "Where language meets meaningful action: a combined behavior and lesion analysis of aphasia and apraxia".
393:, surrounded by a narrow convoluted margin of gray substance, and studded with numerous minute red dots (puncta vasculosa), produced by the escape of blood from divided blood vessels.
238:, also join the hemispheres and these are also present in other vertebrates. These commissures transfer information between the two hemispheres to coordinate localized functions.
396:
If the remaining portions of the hemispheres be slightly drawn apart a broad band of white substance, the corpus callosum, will be observed, connecting them at the bottom of the
414:
If the hemispheres are sliced off to a level with the upper surface of the corpus callosum, the white substance of that structure will be seen connecting the two hemispheres.
537:
is processed in both hemispheres, but is laterally partitioned: information from each side of the body is sent to the opposite hemisphere (visual information is partitioned
373:
in each hemisphere, and is more rounded than the occipital pole. The temporal pole is located between the frontal and occipital poles, and sits in the anterior part of
159:
447:
1335:
1207:
1326:
673:
Lateral surface. (The frontal pole is approximately at 10, the occipital pole is approximately at 17, and the temporal pole is approximately at 38.)
365:
There are three poles of the cerebrum: the occipital pole, the frontal pole, and the temporal pole. The occipital pole is the posterior end of each
407:
Each labium is part of the cingulate gyrus already described; and the groove between it and the upper surface of the corpus callosum is termed the
1312:
1130:
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847:
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such as intonation and emphasis are often lateralized to the right hemisphere of the brain. Other integrative functions such as intuitive or
202:. The brain can thus be described as being divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres. Each of these hemispheres has an outer layer of
135:
1146:
Dehaene S, Spelke E, Pinel P, Stanescu R, Tsivkin S (May 1999). "Sources of mathematical thinking: behavioral and brain-imaging evidence".
442:
of the walls. The hemispheres grow round in a C-shape and then back again, pulling all structures internal to the hemispheres (such as the
541:, but still lateralized). Similarly, motor control signals sent out to the body also come from the hemisphere on the opposite side. Thus,
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493:
483:
166:
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795:(October 1992). "Centrum ovale infarcts: subcortical infarction in the superficial territory of the middle cerebral artery".
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1200:
154:
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in each hemisphere. It is more pointed than the rounder frontal pole. The frontal pole is at the frontmost part of the
1879:
296:, which is a slight warping of the right side, bringing it just forward of the left side. On a microscopic level, the
548:
In some aspects, the hemispheres are asymmetrical; the right side is slightly bigger. There are higher levels of the
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1847:
996:
889:
617:
the corpus callosum may be severed to cut the major connection between the hemispheres in a procedure known as a
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2250:
1948:
1811:
1792:
1066:"Choosing words: left hemisphere, right hemisphere, or both? Perspective on the lateralization of word retrieval"
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2122:
2069:
1990:
1957:
1857:
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1596:
1193:
512:
2018:
924:"Pathogenesis of deep white matter medullary infarcts: a diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging study"
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1964:
1608:
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such as grammar and word production are often lateralized to the left hemisphere of the brain. In contrast,
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523:, has since been called into question and largely been found to have a neuronal basis in both hemispheres.
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the hemispheres are roughly mirror images of each other, with only subtle differences, such as the
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Hutsler J, Galuske RA (August 2003). "Hemispheric asymmetries in cerebral cortical networks".
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The best example of an established lateralization is that of Broca's and
Wernicke's Areas (
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If the upper part of either hemisphere is removed, at a level about 1.25 cm above the
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975:(Australian and New Zealand ed.). John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. p. 107.
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422:. The cortical branches of this artery descend to provide blood to the centrum semiovale.
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arithmetic, binaural sound localization, etc. seem to be more bilaterally controlled.
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is the removal or disabling of one of the hemispheres of the brain. This is a rare
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545:(which hand someone prefers to use) is also related to hemisphere lateralization.
400:; the margins of the hemispheres which overlap the corpus callosum are called the
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389:, the central white matter will be exposed as an oval-shaped area, the
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574:
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of the cerebral cortex, shows the functions of cells, quantities of
2366:
842:. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 262.
654:
525:
450:(also called the foramina of Monro) allows communication with the
356:
191:
93:
223:
1189:
1001:
Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
241:
There are three known poles of the cerebral hemispheres: the
922:
Lee PH, Oh SH, Bang OY, Joo IS, Huh K (December 2005).
559:
on the left. The right hemisphere is more sensitive to
492:
about certain functions (e.g. logic, creativity) being
218:(placental) mammals, the hemispheres are linked by the
661:
which separates left and right cerebral hemispheres.
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2011:
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694:"Age and hemisphere effects on dendritic structure"
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116:
104:
92:
87:
82:
39:
2426:Some categorizations are approximations, and some
928:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
530:Cerebral hemispheres of a human embryo at 8 weeks.
1125:. Berkeley, CA.: University of California Press.
337:. The interior portion of the hemispheres of the
27:Left and right cerebral hemispheres of the brain
997:"Neuromyth 6: The left brain/ right brain myth"
867:. Vol. III. India: Elsevier. p. 389.
317:Each cerebral hemisphere has an outer layer of
1064:Riès SK, Dronkers NF, Knight RT (April 2016).
430:The cerebral hemispheres are derived from the
1201:
8:
636:which are unresponsive to other treatments.
786:
784:
782:
266:is a prominent fissure which separates the
2177:
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1938:
1837:
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1389:
1241:
1234:
1208:
1194:
1186:
1070:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
840:Clinical Neuroanatomy for Medical Students
60:
45:
1097:
947:
865:Textbook of Anatomy Head, Neck, and Brain
746:
709:
210:, that is supported by an inner layer of
971:Westen D, Burton LJ, Kowalski R (2006).
692:Anderson B, Rutledge V (December 1996).
488:Broad generalizations are often made in
684:
643:
170:
36:
567:(longer axons) on the right and more
226:. Smaller commissures, including the
7:
327:interior of the cerebral hemispheres
198:that are separated by a groove, the
2118:Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal)
657:brain seen from the back. Opening
555:on the right and higher levels of
25:
666:
646:
610:of the centrum ovale can occur.
484:Lateralization of brain function
167:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
2212:Posterior parahippocampal gyrus
2154:Collateral (temporal+occipital)
70: Right cerebral hemisphere
1800:Secondary somatosensory cortex
1492:Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
1023:Brain Structure & Function
632:used in some extreme cases of
434:. They arise five weeks after
76: Left cerebral hemisphere
1:
2415:Poles of cerebral hemispheres
2149:Cingulate (frontal+cingulate)
888:Corsini R (5 December 2016).
757:10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00198-X
361:Poles of cerebral hemispheres
329:is an inner layer or core of
1788:Primary somatosensory cortex
1168:10.1126/science.284.5416.970
863:Singh V (2014). "Cerebrum".
280:primary somatosensory cortex
1880:Transverse occipital sulcus
571:(cell bodies) on the left.
2480:
2292:Isthmus of cingulate gyrus
2113:Central (frontal+parietal)
1848:Occipital pole of cerebrum
481:
29:
18:Occipital pole of cerebrum
2423:
1949:Transverse temporal gyrus
1812:Posterior parietal cortex
1035:10.1007/s00429-014-0925-3
478:Hemisphere lateralization
448:intraventricular foramina
222:, a very large bundle of
165:
59:
44:
2070:Inferior temporal sulcus
1991:Superior temporal sulcus
1674:Inferior parietal lobule
1657:Superior parietal lobule
1597:Supplementary motor area
940:10.1136/jnnp.2005.066860
711:10.1093/brain/119.6.1983
349:, and the white matter.
30:Not to be confused with
2075:Inferior temporal gyrus
2019:Occipitotemporal sulcus
1965:Superior temporal gyrus
1858:Lateral occipital gyrus
1609:Supplementary eye field
1350:Inferior frontal sulcus
1345:Superior frontal sulcus
735:Trends in Neurosciences
377:in each temporal lobe.
2336:Fimbria of hippocampus
1402:Superior frontal gyrus
1300:Inferior frontal gyrus
1254:Superior frontal gyrus
809:10.1212/wnl.42.10.1992
535:Perceptual information
531:
420:middle cerebral artery
362:
2323:Hippocampal formation
2182:Parahippocampal gyrus
1996:Middle temporal gyrus
603:Clinical significance
529:
360:
99:hemisphaerium cerebri
32:Cerebellar hemisphere
2296:Retrosplenial cortex
2144:Longitudinal fissure
2036:Medial temporal lobe
1713:Intraparietal sulcus
1573:Primary motor cortex
1470:Orbitofrontal cortex
1419:Medial frontal gyrus
1276:Middle frontal gyrus
659:longitudinal fissure
539:somewhat differently
398:longitudinal fissure
375:middle cranial fossa
276:primary motor cortex
232:posterior commissure
200:longitudinal fissure
196:cerebral hemispheres
2273:Posterior cingulate
1683:Supramarginal gyrus
1160:1999Sci...284..970D
1082:2016NYASA1369..111R
613:As a treatment for
228:anterior commissure
194:) is formed by two
40:Cerebral hemisphere
2331:Hippocampal sulcus
2251:Anterior cingulate
2128:Preoccipital notch
1729:Paracentral lobule
1699:Parietal operculum
1621:Frontal eye fields
1553:Paracentral sulcus
1541:Paracentral lobule
1442:Paraolfactory area
1438:Paraterminal gyrus
1090:10.1111/nyas.12993
619:corpus callosotomy
532:
500:side of the body.
490:popular psychology
452:lateral ventricles
363:
343:lateral ventricles
290:Yakovlevian torque
2436:
2435:
2380:
2379:
2205:Postrhinal cortex
2200:Perirhinal cortex
2195:Entorhinal cortex
2167:
2166:
2123:Parieto-occipital
2090:
2089:
1928:
1927:
1827:
1826:
1784:Postcentral gyrus
1636:
1635:
1561:
1560:
1381:
1380:
1373:Precentral sulcus
1336:Pars triangularis
1154:(5416): 970β974.
1132:978-0-520-22461-2
1121:Carter R (1999).
982:978-0-470-80552-7
934:(12): 1659β1663.
874:978-81-312-3727-4
849:978-0-7817-9427-5
838:Snell RS (2009).
803:(10): 1992β1998.
791:Bogousslavsky J,
640:Additional images
446:) with them. The
391:centrum semiovale
335:centrum semiovale
181:
180:
176:
16:(Redirected from
2471:
2459:Human physiology
2362:Indusium griseum
2227:Cingulate cortex
2217:Prepyriform area
2178:
2103:
1983:Planum temporale
1939:
1920:Calcarine sulcus
1838:
1647:
1518:Olfactory sulcus
1504:Subcallosal area
1390:
1368:Precentral gyrus
1327:Pars opercularis
1242:
1235:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1187:
1180:
1179:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1123:Mapping the mind
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704:(6): 1983β1990.
689:
670:
650:
563:. There is more
550:neurotransmitter
302:neurotransmitter
298:cytoarchitecture
173:edit on Wikidata
75:
69:
64:
54:seen from front.
49:
37:
21:
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2464:Brain asymmetry
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2159:Callosal sulcus
2137:Medial/inferior
2132:
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2012:Medial/inferior
2007:
1979:Wernicke's area
1953:Auditory cortex
1924:
1889:Medial/inferior
1884:
1823:
1772:
1768:Marginal sulcus
1722:Medial/inferior
1717:
1632:
1585:Premotor cortex
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1527:
1386:Medial/inferior
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1224:
1218:cerebral cortex
1216:Anatomy of the
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626:hemispherectomy
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543:hand preference
486:
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460:ependymal cells
458:is formed from
428:
409:callosal sulcus
387:corpus callosum
383:
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319:cerebral cortex
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286:Macroscopically
220:corpus callosum
208:cerebral cortex
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2394:Insular cortex
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2239:Subgenual area
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2024:Fusiform gyrus
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1833:Occipital lobe
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1523:Orbital sulcus
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1454:Straight gyrus
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1338:
1329:
1315:
1313:Pars orbitalis
1306:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1250:
1248:
1239:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1138:
1131:
1113:
1056:
1029:(1): 563β576.
1013:
988:
981:
963:
914:
900:
880:
873:
855:
848:
830:
778:
741:(8): 429β435.
725:
683:
682:
680:
677:
676:
675:
672:
665:
663:
652:
645:
641:
638:
604:
601:
553:norepinephrine
482:Main article:
479:
476:
474:
471:
456:choroid plexus
427:
424:
382:
379:
367:occipital lobe
354:
351:
314:
311:
264:central sulcus
244:occipital pole
179:
178:
169:
163:
162:
157:
151:
150:
145:
139:
138:
133:
127:
126:
121:
114:
113:
108:
102:
101:
96:
90:
89:
85:
84:
80:
79:
72:
66:
65:
57:
56:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2476:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2431:
2429:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2346:Rhinal sulcus
2344:
2342:
2341:Dentate gyrus
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:Superolateral
2104:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:Superolateral
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:Temporal lobe
1931:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:Lingual gyrus
1911:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1896:Visual cortex
1894:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1875:Lunate sulcus
1873:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:Superolateral
1839:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1692:Angular gyrus
1689:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:Superolateral
1648:
1645:
1643:
1642:Parietal lobe
1639:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1238:Superolateral
1236:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:(1): 111β31.
1075:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
984:
978:
974:
967:
964:
959:
955:
950:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
918:
915:
903:
901:9781317705703
897:
893:
892:
891:Labia cerebri
884:
881:
876:
870:
866:
859:
856:
851:
845:
841:
834:
831:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
787:
785:
783:
779:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
744:
740:
736:
729:
726:
721:
717:
712:
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
685:
678:
669:
664:
660:
656:
649:
644:
639:
637:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
611:
609:
602:
600:
598:
594:
591:functions of
590:
587:
583:
580:functions of
579:
576:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
528:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
498:contralateral
495:
491:
485:
477:
472:
470:
468:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:invaginations
438:as bilateral
437:
433:
432:telencephalon
425:
423:
421:
415:
412:
410:
405:
403:
402:labia cerebri
399:
394:
392:
388:
380:
378:
376:
372:
368:
359:
352:
350:
348:
347:basal ganglia
344:
341:includes the
340:
336:
333:known as the
332:
328:
324:
320:
312:
310:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:parietal lobe
265:
260:
258:
257:
256:temporal pole
252:
251:
246:
245:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:
174:
168:
164:
161:
158:
156:
152:
149:
146:
144:
140:
137:
134:
132:
128:
125:
122:
119:
115:
112:
109:
107:
103:
100:
97:
95:
91:
86:
81:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2425:
2189:
1466:Orbital gyri
1318:Broca's area
1230:Frontal lobe
1151:
1147:
1141:
1122:
1116:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1004:. Retrieved
1000:
991:
972:
966:
931:
927:
917:
905:. Retrieved
890:
883:
864:
858:
839:
833:
800:
796:
738:
734:
728:
701:
697:
687:
623:
612:
606:
573:
565:white matter
561:testosterone
547:
533:
517:accentuation
502:
487:
429:
416:
413:
406:
401:
395:
384:
371:frontal lobe
364:
331:white matter
326:
321:which is of
316:
292:seen in the
284:
272:frontal lobe
261:
254:
250:frontal pole
248:
242:
240:
224:nerve fibers
212:white matter
195:
182:
136:A14.1.09.002
124:birnlex_1796
98:
2173:Limbic lobe
1222:human brain
569:grey matter
494:lateralized
426:Development
381:Composition
325:and in the
323:grey matter
304:levels and
294:human brain
204:grey matter
88:Identifiers
52:Human brain
2443:Categories
2430:span gyri.
2096:Interlobar
1793:3, 1 and 2
1533:Precentral
1394:Prefrontal
1360:Precentral
1246:Prefrontal
1006:15 October
973:Psychology
679:References
513:intonation
467:mesenchyme
444:ventricles
436:conception
253:, and the
185:vertebrate
106:NeuroNames
2410:Operculum
1958:41 and 42
1756:Precuneus
907:13 August
825:219195107
797:Neurology
743:CiteSeerX
630:procedure
597:heuristic
589:reasoning
578:reasoning
509:semantics
313:Structure
278:from the
270:from the
216:eutherian
2454:Cerebrum
2372:Amygdala
2190:anterior
1176:10320379
1108:26766393
1051:16060074
1043:25352157
958:16291890
773:15968665
765:12900174
634:seizures
615:epilepsy
608:Infarcts
593:language
586:holistic
582:language
557:dopamine
505:language
473:Function
464:vascular
339:cerebrum
306:receptor
274:and the
234:and the
188:cerebrum
118:NeuroLex
2403:General
1220:of the
1156:Bibcode
1148:Science
1099:4874870
1078:Bibcode
949:1739473
817:1340771
793:Regli F
720:9010002
521:prosody
83:Details
1908:Cuneus
1174:
1129:
1106:
1096:
1049:
1041:
979:
956:
946:
898:
871:
846:
823:
815:
771:
763:
745:
718:
575:Linear
519:, and
454:. The
345:, the
247:, the
236:fornix
230:, the
206:, the
74:
68:
2449:Brain
2367:Uncus
2355:Other
2231:gyrus
1047:S2CID
821:S2CID
769:S2CID
698:Brain
655:sheep
353:Poles
214:. In
192:brain
171:[
160:61817
94:Latin
1777:Both
1566:Both
1172:PMID
1127:ISBN
1104:PMID
1074:1369
1039:PMID
1008:2011
977:ISBN
954:PMID
909:2019
896:ISBN
869:ISBN
844:ISBN
813:PMID
761:PMID
716:PMID
653:The
462:and
262:The
183:The
148:5418
131:TA98
1164:doi
1152:284
1094:PMC
1086:doi
1031:doi
1027:221
944:PMC
936:doi
805:doi
753:doi
706:doi
702:119
155:FMA
143:TA2
111:241
2445::
2311:30
2306:29
2301:26
2294::
2283:31
2278:23
2266:33
2261:32
2256:24
2244:25
2080:20
2061:36
2056:35
2051:34
2046:28
2041:27
2029:37
2001:21
1975:22
1970:38
1901:17
1868:19
1863:18
1704:43
1688:39
1679:40
1509:25
1497:10
1485:12
1480:11
1475:10
1459:11
1447:12
1332:45
1323:44
1309:47
1304:11
1302::
1291:46
1286:10
1170:.
1162:.
1150:.
1102:.
1092:.
1084:.
1072:.
1068:.
1045:.
1037:.
1025:.
999:.
952:.
942:.
932:76
930:.
926:.
894:.
819:.
811:.
801:42
799:.
781:^
767:.
759:.
751:.
739:26
737:.
714:.
700:.
696:.
624:A
621:.
515:,
511:,
469:.
411:.
404:.
282:.
259:.
120:ID
2229:/
1985:)
1981:(
1977:/
1951:/
1817:7
1805:5
1786:/
1761:7
1749:5
1744:3
1739:2
1734:1
1690:-
1681:-
1667:7
1662:5
1626:8
1614:6
1602:6
1590:6
1578:4
1546:4
1468:/
1440:/
1429:9
1424:8
1412:6
1407:4
1334:-
1325:-
1311:-
1281:9
1269:8
1264:6
1259:4
1209:e
1202:t
1195:v
1178:.
1166::
1158::
1135:.
1110:.
1088::
1080::
1053:.
1033::
1010:.
985:.
960:.
938::
911:.
877:.
852:.
827:.
807::
775:.
755::
722:.
708::
190:(
175:]
34:.
20:)
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