1725:
611:
1803:. This term has been used as an "intellectual waste-basket" into which a wide array of beliefs and practices have been placed because they do not fit readily into the categories of religion or science. According to Hanegraaff, "the occult" is a category into which gets placed a range of beliefs from "spirits or fairies to parapsychological experiments, from UFO-abductions to Oriental mysticism, from vampire legends to channelling, and so on".
1362:
distinguished between occultism, which he used in reference to practices, techniques, and procedures, and esotericism, which he defined as the religious or philosophical belief systems on which such practices are based. This division was initially adopted by the early academic scholar of esotericism, Antoine Faivre, although he later abandoned it; it has been rejected by most scholars who study esotericism.
1882:
1644:. Similar to spiritualism, but in declared opposition to it, the emergence of occultism should thus be seen within the context of radical social reform, which was often concerned with establishing new forms of "scientific religion" while at the same time propagating the revival of an ancient tradition of "true religion". Indeed, the emergence of both modern esotericism and socialism in
1484:, "each one of them engaged in a systematic investigation of nature and natural processes, in the context of theoretical frameworks that relied heavily on a belief in occult qualities, virtues or forces." Although there are areas of overlap between these different occult sciences, they are separate and in some cases practitioners of one would reject the others as being illegitimate.
1556:
1629:", a post-Enlightenment society in which growing scientific discovery had eradicated the "dimension of irreducible mystery" previously present. In doing so, he noted, occultism distanced itself from the "traditional esotericism" which accepted the premise of an "enchanted" world. According to the British historian of Western esotericism
4309:
1615:
Unlike older forms of esotericism, occultism does not necessarily reject "scientific progress or modernity". LĂ©vi had stressed the need to solve the conflict between science and religion, something that he believed could be achieved by turning to what he thought was the ancient wisdom found in magic.
1759:
In this definition, occultism covers many esoteric currents that have developed from the mid-nineteenth century onward, including
Spiritualism, Theosophy, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, and the New Age. Employing this etic understanding of "occultism", Hanegraaff argued that its development
1507:
was not misplaced because "people who believe in the possibility of unveiling the future or of exercising supernormal powers do so because the efficacy of the methods they employ coheres with some systematic conception which they hold of the way the universe functions...however flimsy its empirical
1365:
By the 21st century the term was commonly employed â including by academic scholars of esotericism â to refer to a range of esoteric currents that developed in the mid-19th century and their descendants. Occultism is thus often used to categorise such esoteric traditions as
Spiritualism, Theosophy,
1777:
influential radical socialist movements and widespread progressive, so-called neo-Catholic ideas. This further complicates
Hanegraaff's characteristics of occultism, since, throughout the nineteenth century, they apply to these reformist movements rather than to a supposed group of esotericists.
1620:
noted that rather than outright accepting "the triumph of scientism", occultists sought "an alternative solution", trying to integrate "scientific progress or modernity" with "a global vision that will serve to make the vacuousness of materialism more apparent". The Dutch scholar of hermeticism
1776:
Following these discussions, Julian Strube argued that LĂ©vi and other contemporary authors who would now be regarded as esotericists developed their ideas not against the background of an esoteric tradition in the first place. Rather, LĂ©vi's notion of occultism emerged in the context of highly
1751:
category" for scholars, Hanegraaff devised the following definition: "a category in the study of religions, which comprises "all attempts by esotericists to come to terms with a disenchanted world or, alternatively, by people in general to make sense of esotericism from the perspective of a
1361:
used the term as a synonym for esotericism, an approach that the later scholar of esotericism Marco Pasi suggested left the term superfluous. Unlike Amadou, other writers saw occultism and esotericism as different, albeit related, phenomena. In the 1970s, the sociologist Edward A. Tiryakian
1710:, and seeking to integrate ideas from Bohmian theosophy and occultism. It has been noted, however, that this distancing from the Theosophical Society should be understood in the light of polemical identity formations among esotericists towards the end of the nineteenth century.
1377:, who used esotericism to describe what he believed was the Traditionalist, inner teaching at the heart of most religions, while occultism was used pejoratively to describe new religions and movements that he disapproved of, such as Spiritualism, Theosophy, and various
1772:
Marco Pasi suggested that the use of
Hanegraaff's definition might cause confusion by presenting a group of nineteenth-century esotericists who called themselves "occultists" as just one part of a broader category of esotericists whom scholars would call "occultists".
1296:, first published in 1856. LĂ©vi was familiar with that work and might have borrowed the term from there. In any case, LĂ©vi also claimed to be a representative of an older tradition of occult science or occult philosophy. It was from his usage of the term
1672:. In various cases, certain occultists did both. Another characteristic of these occultists was the emphasis that they placed on "the spiritual realization of the individual", an idea that would strongly influence the twentieth-century New Age and
1567:
In the
English-speaking world, notable figures in the development of occultism included Helena Blavatsky and other figures associated with her Theosophical Society, senior figures in the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn like
1651:
Another feature of occultists is that – unlike earlier esotericists – they often openly distanced themselves from
Christianity, in some cases (like that of Crowley) even adopting explicitly
1431:
that developed in the nineteenth century and their twentieth-century derivations. In a descriptive sense, it has been used to describe forms of esotericism which developed in nineteenth-century France, especially in the
1472:
The idea of occult sciences developed in the sixteenth century. The term usually encompassed three practices – astrology, alchemy, and natural magic – although sometimes various forms of
4643:
1768:
movement of the eighteenth century, although added that occultism only emerged in "fully-developed form" as
Spiritualism, a movement that developed in the United States during the mid-nineteenth century.
1827:
used the term in an academic sense, stating that occulture was "the new spiritual environment in the West; the reservoir feeding new spiritual springs; the soil in which new spiritualities are growing".
1636:
In his work about LĂ©vi, the German historian of religion Julian Strube has argued that the occultist wish for a "synthesis" of religion, science, and philosophy directly resulted from the context of
1936:
This theosophy, which is a
Christian esoteric tradition adhered to by theosophers, is a distinct movement from Theosophy, the occultist religion adhered to by Theosophists, despite the shared name.
306:
3273:
Classen, Albrecht (2017). "Magic in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age: Literature, Science, Religion, Philosophy, Music, and Art. An
Introduction". In Classen, Albrecht (ed.).
1563:
popularised the term "occultism" in the 1850s. His reinterpretation of traditional esoteric ideas has led to him being called the origin of "the occultist current properly so-called".
301:
1687:
Although occultism is distinguished from earlier forms of esotericism, many occultists have also been involved in older esoteric currents. For instance, occultists like
1491:, occultism increasingly came to be seen as intrinsically incompatible with the concept of science. From that point on, use of "occult science(s)" implied a conscious
1660:
had been on all areas of
European society. In rejecting Christianity, these occultists sometimes turned towards pre-Christian belief systems and embraced forms of
4253:
4166:
361:
296:
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Strube, Julian (2016a). "Socialist Religion and the Emergence of Occultism: A Genealogical Approach to Socialism and Secularization in 19th-Century France".
1836:
Recently scholars have offered perspectives on the occult as intertwined with media and technology. Examples include the work of film and media theorist
1300:
that it gained wider usage; according to Faivre, LĂ©vi was "the principal exponent of esotericism in Europe and the United States" at that time. The term
1107:â to refer to a range of esoteric currents that developed in the mid-19th century and their descendants. Occultism is thus often used to categorise such
1844:, both of whom suggest that occult movements historically utilize media and apparatuses as tools to reveal hidden aspects of reality or laws of nature.
4371:
4341:
3275:
Magic and Magicians in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Time: The Occult in Pre-Modern Sciences, Medicine, Literature, Religion, and Astrology
1103:
by a range of different authors. By the 21st century the term 'occultism' was commonly employed âincluding by academic scholars in the field of
4572:
4541:
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3385:
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3053:
2953:
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1740:
can be used not only for the nineteenth-century groups which openly self-described using that term but can also be used in reference to "the
1444:
that "the occultist current properly so-called" first appears. Other prominent French esotericists involved in developing occultism included
1077:
970:
1389:. As noted by Hanegraaff, Guénon's use of these terms are rooted in his Traditionalist beliefs and "cannot be accepted as scholarly valid".
1255:, as has been claimed by Hanegraaff, but to describe a political "system of occulticity" that was directed against priests and aristocrats.
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1457:
1370:
577:
311:
1477:
were also included rather than being subsumed under natural magic. These were grouped together because, according to the Dutch scholar of
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3011:
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1789:
has also been used as a substantivized adjective as "the occult", a term that has been particularly widely used among journalists and
1140:
351:
2842:
Henry, John (1 December 1986). "Occult Qualities and the Experimental Philosophy: Active Principles in Pre-Newtonian Matter Theory".
1852:
gives an overview of occultism both ancient and modern from the perspective of cybernetics and information technologies. Philosopher
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3294:
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2922:
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2805:
2726:
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1292:
1132:
808:
1862:
1573:
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336:
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Sozialismus, Katholizisimus und Okkultismus im Frankreich des 19. Jahrhunderts - Die Genealogie der Schriften von Eliphas LĂ©vi
4336:
4197:
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3162:
1241:
3429:
European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism, with many links to associated organizations, libraries, scholars etc.
4422:
3599:
3530:
695:
1680:, but by the start of the twentieth century had also begun to include practices drawn from non-Western contexts, such as
4679:
4237:
1736:
In the mid-1990s, a new definition of "occultism" was put forth by Wouter Hanegraaff. According to Hanegraaff, the term
1641:
3823:
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3171:
1547:'s contemporaries severely criticized his theory that gravity was effected through "action at a distance", as occult.
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129:
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scene of the late twentieth century was probably coined by one of its central figures, the musician and occultist
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4293:
3133:
Strube, Julian (2017a). "Occultist Identity Formations Between Theosophy and Socialism in fin-de-siĂšcle France".
2661:
English synonyms explained, in alphabetical order, copious illustrations and examples drawn from the best writers
963:
1724:
1676:. This spiritual realization was encouraged both through traditional Western 'occult sciences' like alchemy and
1600:. By the end of the nineteenth century, occultist ideas had also spread into other parts of Europe, such as the
1304:
emerged in 19th-century France, where it came to be associated with various French esoteric groups connected to
1209:
can also be used to describe the occult, in addition to their meanings unrelated to the supernatural. The term
4623:
4401:
4391:
4301:
4173:
3462:
2755:
1673:
1630:
1577:
1042:
872:
570:
219:
1633:, occultist groups typically seek "proofs and demonstrations by recourse to scientific tests or terminology".
1427:
has been used in various different ways. However, in contemporary uses, occultism commonly refers to forms of
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459:
401:
139:
20:
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4432:
4427:
4285:
4277:
1906:
1896:
1278:, had been termed "occult sciences" or "occult philosophy", but also to the recent socialist teachings of
917:
484:
426:
254:
124:
94:
2911:
The Re-Enchantment of the West: Alternative Spiritualities, Sacralization, Popular Culture, and Occulture
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1147:
730:
464:
396:
376:
194:
1752:
disenchanted secular world". Hanegraaff noted that this etic usage of the term would be independent of
3357:
Hanegraaff, Wouter J. (2010). "The Beginning of Occultist Kabbalah: Adolphe Franck and Eliphas Levi".
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159:
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3542:
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3513:
3455:
1703:
1585:
1449:
1428:
1351:
1108:
1057:
942:
897:
770:
630:
625:
563:
529:
371:
37:
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2964:
2941:
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1911:
1841:
1761:
1030:
239:
189:
3339:
2637:
Buchdahl, Gerd (1989). "History of Science and Criteria of Choice". In Stuewer, Roger H. (ed.).
1560:
1503:
and occult interpretations using cards were unknown before the 18th century, said that the term
1441:
1305:
1283:
1085:
912:
1150:('the occult') has developed especially since the late twentieth century. In that same period,
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1972:
1820:
1637:
1622:
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1409:
1374:
1339:
882:
713:
670:
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244:
114:
69:
59:
2906:
1988:
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4108:
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3699:
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3282:
3214:
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3111:
3078:
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2859:
2824:
2797:
2714:
2334:
1816:
1677:
1609:
1589:
1378:
1320:
1263:
1093:
887:
862:
852:
469:
366:
356:
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3818:
3714:
3135:
1887:
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1605:
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1500:
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in the English language appears to be in "A Few Questions to 'Hiraf'", an 1875 article by
1279:
932:
829:
765:
411:
214:
149:
89:
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4103:
1870:, where he shows how the horror genre utilizes occult themes to reveal hidden realities.
3046:
The LCSH Century: One Hundred Years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings System
2855:
4148:
2706:
1853:
1837:
1699:
1657:
1653:
1626:
1617:
1437:
1046:
988:
937:
857:
818:
499:
494:
431:
389:
234:
229:
99:
3444:. Online exhibition from the Louisiana State University Libraries Special Collections.
3277:. Fundamentals of Medieval and Early Modern Culture. Vol. 20. Berlin and Boston:
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1719:
1645:
1601:
1343:
1222:
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and science, encompassing phenomena involving a 'hidden' or 'secret' agency, such as
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718:
524:
436:
279:
224:
204:
154:
109:
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4221:
4005:
3958:
3953:
3913:
3674:
3557:
1794:
1693:
1593:
1544:
1516:
1461:
1356:
1287:
1100:
1026:
877:
760:
549:
539:
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514:
454:
331:
264:
199:
179:
84:
3082:
2914:
2790:
New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought
1728:
In the 1990s, the Dutch scholar Wouter Hanegraaff put forward a new definition of
1625:
remarked that occultism was "essentially an attempt to adapt esotericism" to the "
1495:
against mainstream science. Nevertheless, the philosopher and card game historian
1185:'clandestine', 'hidden', 'secret') is "knowledge of the hidden". In common usage,
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3704:
3627:
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The Ashgate Research Companion to Nineteenth-Century Spiritualism and the Occult
1707:
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1531:
Occult qualities are properties that have no known rational explanation; in the
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269:
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1845:
1474:
1194:
1190:
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750:
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725:
504:
324:
259:
164:
119:
74:
45:
3421:
3333:
3304:
3160:
Strube, Julian (2017b). "Socialism and Esotericism in July Monarchy France".
1756:
usages of the term employed by occultists and other esotericists themselves.
1412:
stated that it was important to distinguish between the meanings of the term
1236:. In this form it appears in A. de Lestrange's article that was published in
4053:
3835:
3813:
3763:
3758:
3736:
3074:
2945:
1790:
1765:
1536:
1433:
1342:
in his "Theses Against Occultism", employed the term as a broad synonym for
1324:
1214:
1159:
1120:
1084:. It came to be associated with various French esoteric groups connected to
1061:
1038:
907:
902:
813:
775:
735:
690:
675:
640:
274:
104:
64:
3609:
2815:
Hanegraaff, Wouter (2006). "Occult/Occultism". In Wouter Hanegraaff (ed.).
2792:. Numen Book Series: Studies in the History of Religions. Vol. LXXII.
1323:, a Russian émigré living in the United States who founded the religion of
3115:
1664:, while others instead took influence from the religions of Asia, such as
1555:
1092:, and in 1875 was introduced into the English language by the esotericist
4567:
4128:
4010:
3928:
3768:
3731:
3567:
3547:
1669:
1665:
1022:
867:
740:
655:
509:
416:
341:
144:
134:
2881:
Religion, Science, and Worldview: Essays in Honor of Richard S. Westfall
2191:
2189:
1205:
4113:
4043:
3933:
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3669:
3447:
3335:
Occult - Decoding the visual culture of mysticism, magic and divination
3219:
Mysticism: A Study in Nature and Development of Spiritual Consciousness
1588:, and – in the early twentieth century –
1492:
1218:
1136:
1112:
1065:
685:
635:
489:
284:
209:
169:
1747:
Seeking to define occultism so that the term would be suitable "as an
1251:
in 1842. However, it was not related, at this point, to the notion of
4123:
4078:
4048:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3903:
3886:
3881:
3359:
Kabbalah and Modernity: Interpretations, Transformations, Adaptations
3103:
2972:
2820:
2793:
2763:
1381:. Guénon's use of this terminology was adopted by later writers like
824:
645:
406:
79:
3313:
4644:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
4310:
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
3179:
2738:
Spirituality and the Occult: From the Renaissance to the Modern Age
1366:
Anthroposophy, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, and New Age.
1327:. The article was published in the American Spiritualist magazine,
4653:
4093:
4088:
4068:
4058:
3985:
3896:
3891:
3840:
3748:
3726:
3721:
3652:
3433:
3422:
University of Exeter Centre for the Study of Esotericism (EXESESO)
3102:. Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten. Vol. 69.
1723:
1554:
1445:
1309:
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1128:
1089:
184:
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TechGnosis: Myth, Magic & Mysticism in the Age of Information
4083:
4015:
3783:
3741:
3023:
Haunted Media: Electronic Presence from Telegraphy to Television
1753:
1748:
1681:
1420:. Occultism is not a homogenous movement and is widely diverse.
1338:
in different ways. Some writers, such as the German philosopher
1029:
beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of
346:
27:
3451:
1334:
Various twentieth-century writers on the subject used the term
1760:
could begin to be seen in the work of the Swedish esotericist
3004:
Speaking Into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication
1706:, adhering to the ideas of the early modern Lutheran thinker
2507:
2505:
2408:
2406:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
1499:, whose analysis of the historical evidence suggested that
2760:
The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introduction
3338:. Religious and Spiritual Imagery. Vol. 3. London:
2879:
Osler, Margaret J.; Farber, Paul Lawrence, eds. (2002).
1099:
Throughout the 20th century, the term 'occult' was used
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2385:
2383:
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2174:
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2143:
2141:
2139:
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2100:
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stances. This reflected how pervasive the influence of
1436:
environment. According to the historian of esotericism
3238:
Power and Self-Consciousness in the Poetry of Shelley
2639:
Historical and Philosophical Perspectives of Science
4606:
4585:
4550:
4534:
4492:
4441:
4410:
4379:
4370:
4327:
4320:
4157:
4034:
3874:
3687:
3620:
3496:
3489:
1274:, relating it to earlier practices that, since the
2641:. Vol. 5. Gordon and Breach. pp. 232ff.
1793:. This term was popularised by the publication of
3441:Occult Science and Philosophy of the Renaissance
3257:An Outline of the Principles of Modern Theosophy
3197:In the Dust of This Planet: Horror of Philosophy
1519:used the term "occult science" as a synonym for
1041:. It can also refer to paranormal ideas such as
2424:
2374:
4167:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
3376:Kontou, Tatiana; Wilburn, Sarah, eds. (2012).
2713:. SUNY Series in Western Esoteric Traditions.
1968:
1286:then used the term in his influential book on
4254:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
3463:
1197:", usually referred to as science. The terms
964:
571:
8:
3434:Twilit Grotto: Archives of Western Esoterica
3236:Welburn, Andrew J.; Heinzen, Thomas (1986).
2936:. In Asprem, Egil; Granholm, Kennet (eds.).
2817:Dictionary of Gnosis and Western Esotericism
2302:
1182:
996:
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4324:
3493:
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2511:
2412:
2290:
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2211:
2195:
2159:
2122:
2091:
2036:
1616:The French scholar of Western esotericism
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957:
589:
578:
564:
32:
2571:
2559:
2012:
1648:France have been inherently intertwined.
1423:Over the course of its history, the term
1213:was used in the 16th century to refer to
16:Knowledge of the hidden or the paranormal
3259:. Boston: New England Theosophical Corp.
2346:
1408:. However, the historian of esotericism
2619:
2547:
2535:
2484:
2460:
2448:
2436:
2330:
2278:
2064:
2052:
1949:
1929:
1576:, as well as other individuals such as
1242:Jean-Baptiste Richard de Randonvilliers
603:
44:
4573:List of people executed for witchcraft
3436:(Esoteric Archives: Occult Literature)
2595:
2583:
2472:
2370:
2147:
2024:
4542:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
2607:
2318:
2000:
1984:
1744:of esotericism that they represent".
1369:A different division was used by the
1228:The earliest known usage of the term
362:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal
7:
3395:Partridge, Christopher, ed. (2014).
2963:Pasi, Marco (2006). "Occultism". In
2523:
2496:
2397:
2358:
2266:
2199:
2180:
2163:
2126:
2110:
2040:
1956:
1458:Georges-Albert Puyou de Pouvourville
3316:. In Partridge, Christopher (ed.).
1193:", as opposed to "knowledge of the
4639:Left-hand path and right-hand path
4214:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
1539:was considered an occult quality.
1141:left-hand path and right-hand path
352:James Randi Educational Foundation
14:
2663:. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co.
1293:Dogme et rituel de la haute magie
1133:Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
2969:The Brill Dictionary of Religion
2932:Partridge, Christopher (2014) .
1880:
1863:Three Books of Occult Philosophy
1574:Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers
609:
3006:. University of Chicago Press.
2985:10.1163/1872-5287_bdr_COM_00321
1240:("Dictionary of new words") by
337:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
4337:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
4198:Summis desiderantes affectibus
1840:and religious studies scholar
1238:Dictionnaire des mots nouveaux
1232:is in the French language, as
1:
3083:10.1080/0048721X.2016.1146926
2711:Access to Western Esotericism
1440:, it is with the esotericist
1315:The earliest use of the term
835:List of magical organizations
291:Reportedly haunted locations:
4342:accusations against children
4238:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
3002:Peters, John Durham (2012).
1404:derives from the older term
1396:derives from the older term
1189:refers to "knowledge of the
3199:. Vol. 1. Zero Books.
3172:University of Chicago Press
1105:Western esotericism studies
130:Electronic voice phenomenon
4696:
4262:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
2885:Cambridge University Press
2864:10.1177/007327538602400401
1969:Welburn & Heinzen 1986
1868:In The Dust Of This Planet
1858:Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa
1823:. The scholar of religion
1717:
1158:were combined to form the
25:
18:
4294:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
3327:– via Academia.edu.
3287:10.1515/9783110557725-001
3240:. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
3153:10.1163/15685276-12341481
2756:Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas
2687:Dummett, Michael (1980).
1543:is another such element.
1282:. The French esotericist
4624:Christian views on magic
4302:The Discovery of Witches
4174:Directorium Inquisitorum
3314:"The Occult Middle Ages"
3195:Thacker, Eugene (2011).
3098:Strube, Julian (2016b).
3048:. Taylor & Francis.
3021:Sconce, Jeffrey (2000).
2938:Contemporary Esotericism
2672:. North Atlantic Press.
1832:Occultism and technology
1674:Human Potential Movement
1631:Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke
1578:Paschal Beverly Randolph
1082:Antoine Court de GĂ©belin
1080:, among figures such as
1043:extra-sensory perception
402:Apparitional experiences
26:Not to be confused with
4230:De praestigiis daemonum
4182:De maleficis mulieribus
3332:Forshaw, Peter (2024).
3312:Forshaw, Peter (2014).
2934:"Occulture is Ordinary"
2913:. Vol. 1. London:
2768:Oxford University Press
2736:Gibbons, B. J. (2018).
2303:Osler & Farber 2002
1689:François-Charles Barlet
1642:progressive Catholicism
1559:The French esotericist
460:Argument from ignorance
427:Out-of-body experiences
140:Extrasensory perception
21:Occult (disambiguation)
4286:Compendium Maleficarum
4278:Magical Investigations
4169:(8thâ2nd centuries BC)
3361:. Netherlands: Brill.
3255:Wright, C. F. (1895).
3221:. Devoted Publishing.
2979:. pp. 1364â1368.
2903:Partridge, Christopher
1907:List of occult writers
1897:List of occult symbols
1733:
1638:contemporary socialism
1564:
992:
485:Communal reinforcement
3909:Cloak of invisibility
3665:Solitary practitioner
3578:Witch-cult hypothesis
3399:. London: Routledge.
3116:10.1515/9783110478105
3044:Stone, A. T. (2014).
3027:Duke University Press
2691:. London: Duckworth.
2499:, pp. 1367â1368.
2361:, pp. 1365â1366.
2129:, pp. 1364â1365.
1825:Christopher Partridge
1727:
1714:Etic uses of the term
1582:Emma Hardinge Britten
1570:William Wynn Westcott
1558:
1515:, the anthropologist
1173:The occult (from the
1148:nominalized adjective
1146:Use of the term as a
731:Esoteric transmission
465:Argumentum ad populum
397:Anomalous experiences
377:Scientific skepticism
195:Paranormal television
4629:Magical organization
4144:Witches of Benevento
3432:Joseph H. Peterson,
3380:. Farnham: Ashgate.
3163:History of Religions
2948:. pp. 113â133.
2827:. pp. 884â889.
2740:. Psychology Press.
2668:Davis, Erik (2015).
2425:Goodrick-Clarke 2008
2375:Goodrick-Clarke 2008
1902:List of occult terms
1489:Age of Enlightenment
1270:in his popular work
480:Cognitive dissonance
475:Begging the question
422:Ideomotor phenomenon
19:For other uses, see
4680:Western esotericism
4246:Newes from Scotland
4206:Malleus Maleficarum
3583:Anglo-Saxon England
3340:Thames & Hudson
3320:. London: Routledge
2965:von Stuckrad, Kocku
2856:1986HisSc..24..335H
2550:, pp. 218â221.
2538:, pp. 373â379.
2214:, pp. 887â888.
1732:for scholarly uses.
1586:Arthur Edward Waite
1450:Stanislas de Guaita
1400:, much as the term
1346:. In his 1950 book
1329:Spiritual Scientist
1253:ĂsotĂ©risme chrĂ©tien
1109:esoteric traditions
1078:19th-century France
1058:16th-century Europe
1021:) is a category of
898:Hermes Trismegistus
771:Ritual purification
631:Eastern esotericism
626:Western esotericism
530:Scientific evidence
372:Scientific literacy
4598:Witches in fiction
4586:In popular culture
4160:historic treatises
3281:. pp. 1â108.
2917:. pp. 62â84.
2844:History of Science
2786:Hanegraaff, Wouter
2055:, p. 445-450.
1912:List of occultists
1842:John Durham Peters
1762:Emanuel Swedenborg
1734:
1627:disenchanted world
1565:
1272:Maçonnerie occulte
1031:organized religion
788:Esoteric societies
240:Spirit photography
190:Paranormal fiction
115:Demonic possession
4662:
4661:
4619:Witch (archetype)
4581:
4580:
4530:
4529:
3856:Sympathetic magic
3683:
3682:
3387:978-0-7546-6912-8
3215:Underhill, Evelyn
3125:978-3-11-047810-5
3055:978-1-317-95688-4
2955:978-1-908049-32-2
2834:978-90-04-15231-1
2777:978-0-19-532099-2
2689:The Game of Tarot
2622:, pp. 49â97.
2598:, pp. 188ff.
1821:Genesis P-Orridge
1623:Wouter Hanegraaff
1513:Primitive Culture
1511:In his 1871 book
1482:Wouter Hanegraaff
1410:Wouter Hanegraaff
1340:Theodor W. Adorno
1266:had already used
1101:idiosyncratically
981:
980:
714:Astral projection
671:Mystical theology
588:
587:
535:Scientific method
245:Spirit possession
60:Astral projection
4687:
4593:Magic in fiction
4423:Northern Moravia
4377:
4357:Papua New Guinea
4325:
4109:Nine sorceresses
3861:Witches' Sabbath
3710:Ceremonial magic
3700:Apotropaic magic
3494:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3449:
3410:
3397:The Occult World
3391:
3372:
3353:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3318:The Occult World
3308:
3260:
3251:
3232:
3210:
3191:
3156:
3145:Brill Publishers
3129:
3094:
3059:
3040:
3017:
2998:
2977:Brill Publishers
2959:
2942:Abingdon, Oxford
2928:
2898:
2875:
2838:
2825:Brill Publishers
2811:
2798:Brill Publishers
2781:
2751:
2732:
2715:Albany, New York
2702:
2683:
2664:
2652:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2586:, pp. 21ff.
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2401:
2395:
2378:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
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2316:
2310:
2300:
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2288:
2282:
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2240:
2215:
2209:
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2193:
2184:
2178:
2167:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2130:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2095:
2089:
2068:
2067:, p. 13-14.
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1982:
1976:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1937:
1934:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1817:industrial music
1815:used within the
1697:
1678:ceremonial magic
1610:Kingdom of Italy
1590:Aleister Crowley
1527:Occult qualities
1454:Joséphin Péladan
1379:secret societies
1360:
1321:Helena Blavatsky
1264:Jean-Marie Ragon
1250:
1184:
1094:Helena Blavatsky
1020:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
973:
966:
959:
613:
590:
580:
573:
566:
470:Bandwagon effect
367:Pseudoskepticism
357:Magical thinking
33:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4602:
4577:
4546:
4526:
4488:
4442:Northern Europe
4437:
4406:
4366:
4316:
4159:
4153:
4036:
4030:
3969:Magical weapons
3919:Flying ointment
3870:
3715:Magical formula
3679:
3616:
3563:Greece and Rome
3485:
3476:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3394:
3388:
3375:
3369:
3356:
3350:
3331:
3323:
3321:
3311:
3297:
3272:
3268:
3266:Further reading
3263:
3254:
3248:
3235:
3229:
3213:
3207:
3194:
3159:
3132:
3126:
3097:
3062:
3056:
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3020:
3014:
3001:
2995:
2962:
2956:
2931:
2925:
2901:
2895:
2878:
2841:
2835:
2814:
2808:
2784:
2778:
2754:
2748:
2735:
2729:
2707:Faivre, Antoine
2705:
2699:
2686:
2680:
2667:
2655:
2649:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2558:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2526:, p. 1368.
2522:
2518:
2512:Hanegraaff 1996
2510:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2413:Hanegraaff 1996
2411:
2404:
2400:, p. 1366.
2396:
2381:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2329:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2301:
2297:
2291:Hanegraaff 2006
2289:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2269:, p. 1364.
2265:
2261:
2255:Hanegraaff 2006
2253:
2249:
2243:Hanegraaff 2006
2241:
2218:
2212:Hanegraaff 2006
2210:
2206:
2202:, p. 1367.
2198:, p. 887;
2196:Hanegraaff 2006
2194:
2187:
2183:, p. 1367.
2179:
2170:
2166:, p. 1365.
2162:, p. 887;
2160:Hanegraaff 2006
2158:
2154:
2146:
2133:
2125:, p. 887;
2123:Hanegraaff 2006
2121:
2117:
2113:, p. 1365.
2109:
2098:
2092:Hanegraaff 2006
2090:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2043:, p. 1364.
2039:, p. 887;
2037:Hanegraaff 2006
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1983:
1979:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1888:Religion portal
1886:
1879:
1876:
1834:
1809:
1783:
1722:
1716:
1691:
1662:Modern Paganism
1606:Austria-Hungary
1598:Israel Regardie
1553:
1535:, for example,
1529:
1501:fortune-telling
1497:Michael Dummett
1470:
1468:Occult sciences
1354:
1280:Charles Fourier
1244:
1211:occult sciences
1171:
1054:occult sciences
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
977:
948:
947:
848:
847:Notable figures
840:
839:
830:Typhonian Order
821:
789:
781:
780:
766:Rite of passage
709:
701:
700:
621:
584:
555:
554:
450:
442:
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412:False awakening
392:
382:
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327:
317:
316:
215:Psychic reading
150:Fortune-telling
90:Close encounter
55:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4693:
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4496:
4494:
4493:Western Europe
4490:
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4471:
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4461:
4456:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4438:
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4420:
4414:
4412:
4411:Eastern Europe
4408:
4407:
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4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4163:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4149:Witch of Endor
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
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4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4026:Witch's ladder
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3966:
3961:
3956:
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3437:
3430:
3424:
3417:
3416:External links
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:978-0415695961
3405:
3392:
3386:
3373:
3368:978-9004182875
3367:
3354:
3349:978-0500027134
3348:
3329:
3309:
3295:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3252:
3247:978-1349182787
3246:
3233:
3228:978-1773560045
3227:
3211:
3206:978-1846946769
3205:
3192:
3180:10.1086/693682
3157:
3130:
3124:
3095:
3060:
3054:
3041:
3036:978-0822325727
3035:
3018:
3013:978-0226922638
3012:
2999:
2993:
2960:
2954:
2929:
2923:
2899:
2893:
2876:
2850:(4): 335â381.
2839:
2833:
2812:
2806:
2782:
2776:
2752:
2747:978-0415244480
2746:
2733:
2727:
2703:
2697:
2684:
2679:978-1583949306
2678:
2665:
2653:
2648:978-2881243509
2647:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2572:Partridge 2004
2564:
2562:, p. 124.
2560:Partridge 2014
2552:
2540:
2528:
2516:
2514:, p. 422.
2501:
2489:
2477:
2465:
2453:
2441:
2429:
2427:, p. 196.
2417:
2415:, p. 423.
2402:
2379:
2377:, p. 196.
2373:, p. 88;
2363:
2351:
2349:, p. 232.
2339:
2323:
2311:
2295:
2293:, p. 716.
2283:
2271:
2259:
2257:, p. 884.
2247:
2245:, p. 888.
2216:
2204:
2185:
2168:
2152:
2131:
2115:
2096:
2094:, p. 887.
2069:
2057:
2045:
2029:
2017:
2013:Underhill 2017
2005:
1993:
1977:
1961:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1875:
1872:
1854:Eugene Thacker
1838:Jeffrey Sconce
1833:
1830:
1811:The neologism
1808:
1805:
1782:
1779:
1715:
1712:
1700:Rudolf Steiner
1658:secularisation
1654:anti-Christian
1618:Antoine Faivre
1552:
1549:
1528:
1525:
1505:occult science
1469:
1466:
1438:Antoine Faivre
1371:Traditionalist
1170:
1167:
1047:parapsychology
979:
978:
976:
975:
968:
961:
953:
950:
949:
946:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
849:
846:
845:
842:
841:
838:
837:
832:
827:
822:
819:Rosicrucianism
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
790:
787:
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
722:
721:
710:
708:Esoteric rites
707:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
696:Traditionalism
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
622:
619:
618:
615:
614:
606:
605:
601:
600:
586:
585:
583:
582:
575:
568:
560:
557:
556:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
500:Fringe science
497:
495:Falsifiability
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
440:
439:
434:
432:Parapsychology
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
393:
390:Parapsychology
388:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
328:
323:
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:
309:
304:
302:United Kingdom
299:
288:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
235:Retrocognition
232:
230:Remote viewing
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
100:Crystal gazing
97:
92:
87:
82:
80:Breatharianism
77:
72:
67:
62:
56:
53:
52:
49:
48:
42:
41:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4692:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4649:Folk religion
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4596:
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4409:
4403:
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4398:
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4378:
4375:
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4369:
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4360:
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4326:
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4319:
4312:
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4307:
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4299:
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4280:
4279:
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4264:
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4171:
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4156:
4150:
4147:
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4142:
4140:
4139:Three Witches
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4099:Morgan le Fay
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
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4080:
4077:
4075:
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4070:
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4033:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3944:Kitchen witch
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
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3912:
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3898:
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3867:
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3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
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3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
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3772:
3770:
3767:
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3747:
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3728:
3725:
3723:
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3698:
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3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3595:Latin America
3593:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
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3551:
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3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3519:Witch smeller
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3459:
3454:
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3443:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3330:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3296:9783110556070
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2994:9789004124332
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2924:0-567-08269-5
2920:
2916:
2915:T&T Clark
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2894:0-521-52493-8
2890:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2807:90-04-10695-2
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2728:0-7914-2178-3
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2698:0-7156-1014-7
2694:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2478:
2475:, p. 89.
2474:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2347:Buchdahl 1989
2343:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2281:, p. 93.
2280:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2150:, p. 88.
2149:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1943:
1933:
1930:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1797:'s 1971 book
1796:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1720:Emic and etic
1713:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1646:July Monarchy
1643:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:German Empire
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1548:
1546:
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1534:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:Neo-Martinist
1430:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1352:Robert Amadou
1349:
1345:
1344:irrationality
1341:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1258:In 1853, the
1256:
1254:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1223:natural magic
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:Anthroposophy
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:natural magic
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
994:
990:
986:
974:
969:
967:
962:
960:
955:
954:
952:
951:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
844:
843:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
785:
784:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
720:
719:Body of light
717:
716:
715:
712:
711:
705:
704:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
617:
616:
612:
608:
607:
602:
598:
597:
592:
591:
581:
576:
574:
569:
567:
562:
561:
559:
558:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
525:Pseudoscience
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
446:
445:
438:
437:Synchronicity
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
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391:
386:
385:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
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360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
326:
321:
320:
313:
310:
308:
307:United States
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
293:
292:
286:
283:
281:
280:Table-turning
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
225:Reincarnation
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
205:Preternatural
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
155:Ghost hunting
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
110:Cryptozoology
108:
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103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
54:Main articles
51:
50:
47:
43:
39:
35:
34:
29:
22:
4614:Witch (word)
4563:Witch's mark
4372:Early Modern
4308:
4300:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4270:Daemonologie
4268:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4222:Laienspiegel
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4104:Muma PÄdurii
4035:Folklore and
4006:Sator Square
3959:Magic circle
3954:Magic carpet
3914:Crystal ball
3851:Spiritualism
3808:
3675:Witch doctor
3558:Cunning folk
3440:
3396:
3377:
3358:
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3317:
3274:
3256:
3237:
3218:
3196:
3167:
3161:
3140:
3134:
3099:
3070:
3064:
3045:
3022:
3003:
2968:
2937:
2910:
2880:
2847:
2843:
2816:
2789:
2759:
2737:
2710:
2688:
2669:
2660:
2638:
2620:Thacker 2011
2615:
2603:
2591:
2579:
2574:, p. 4.
2567:
2555:
2548:Strube 2017b
2543:
2536:Strube 2016a
2531:
2519:
2492:
2485:Strube 2017a
2480:
2468:
2456:
2449:Strube 2016b
2444:
2437:Strube 2016a
2432:
2420:
2366:
2354:
2342:
2331:Gibbons 2018
2326:
2314:
2298:
2286:
2279:Dummett 1980
2274:
2262:
2250:
2207:
2155:
2118:
2065:Strube 2016b
2060:
2053:Strube 2016b
2048:
2032:
2020:
2008:
1996:
1980:
1964:
1952:
1932:
1867:
1866:in his book
1861:
1849:
1848:in his book
1835:
1812:
1810:
1798:
1795:Colin Wilson
1791:sociologists
1786:
1784:
1781:Modern usage
1775:
1771:
1758:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1729:
1686:
1650:
1635:
1614:
1594:Dion Fortune
1566:
1561:Ăliphas LĂ©vi
1530:
1517:Edward Tylor
1512:
1510:
1504:
1486:
1471:
1462:Jean Bricaud
1442:Ăliphas LĂ©vi
1424:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1368:
1364:
1348:L'occultisme
1347:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1316:
1314:
1306:Ăliphas LĂ©vi
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:ritual magic
1284:Ăliphas LĂ©vi
1271:
1267:
1257:
1252:
1237:
1234:l'occultisme
1233:
1229:
1227:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1186:
1178:
1172:
1162:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1117:Spiritualism
1098:
1086:Ăliphas LĂ©vi
1073:
1060:to refer to
1056:was used in
1053:
1051:
1027:supernatural
984:
982:
761:Propitiation
680:
620:Key concepts
595:
550:Urban legend
540:Superstition
520:Protoscience
515:Junk science
455:Anomalistics
332:Cold reading
290:
289:
265:Supernatural
255:Spiritualism
250:Spirit world
200:Precognition
174:
85:Clairvoyance
4321:Persecution
4190:Formicarius
4134:Spearfinger
4074:Elbow witch
3974:Magic sword
3939:Julleuchter
3924:Goofer dust
3866:White magic
3779:Incantation
3705:Black magic
3660:Renaissance
3628:Chaos magic
3600:Middle East
3531:Philippines
3174:: 197â221.
3147:: 568â595.
3077:: 359â388.
2907:"Occulture"
2630:Works cited
2596:Peters 2012
2584:Sconce 2000
2473:Faivre 1994
2461:Strube2017b
2371:Faivre 1994
2148:Faivre 1994
2027:, p. .
2025:Wright 1895
2015:, p. .
1764:and in the
1708:Jakob Bohme
1704:theosophers
1692: [
1533:Middle Ages
1487:During the
1479:hermeticism
1429:esotericism
1402:esotericism
1387:Luc Benoist
1383:Serge Hutin
1375:René Guénon
1355: [
1276:Renaissance
1260:Freemasonic
1245: [
1076:emerged in
1072:. The term
809:Golden Dawn
804:Freemasonry
666:Metaphysics
651:Hermeticism
604:Esotericism
545:Uncertainty
270:Telekinesis
220:Psychometry
105:Conjuration
4669:Categories
4634:Maleficium
4558:Witch-hunt
4362:Witch camp
4021:Witch ball
3964:Magic ring
3949:Love charm
3804:Necromancy
3799:Moon magic
3794:Mediumship
3789:Love magic
3774:Gray magic
3754:Divination
3553:Benandanti
3483:witchcraft
3324:2022-12-13
3279:De Gruyter
3108:De Gruyter
2719:SUNY Press
2608:Davis 2015
2333:, p.
2319:Henry 1986
2305:, p.
2001:Crabb 1927
1987:, p.
1985:Stone 2014
1971:, p.
1919:References
1856:discusses
1850:Techgnosis
1846:Erik Davis
1800:The Occult
1718:See also:
1702:were also
1608:, and the
1475:divination
1298:occultisme
1268:occultisme
1195:measurable
1191:paranormal
1139:, and the
928:Pythagoras
923:Paracelsus
799:Ălus CoĂ«ns
756:Meditation
751:Invocation
746:Initiation
726:Divination
505:Groupthink
325:Skepticism
260:Stone Tape
165:Mediumship
120:Demonology
75:Bilocation
46:Paranormal
4535:Classical
4054:Baba Yaga
4037:mythology
3846:Spiritism
3836:Sex magic
3814:Shamanism
3809:Occultism
3764:Evocation
3759:Entheogen
3737:Damnation
3688:Practices
3305:1864-3396
3217:(2017) .
3188:166078608
3091:147626697
3075:Routledge
2946:Routledge
2872:142925825
2657:Crabb, G.
2524:Pasi 2006
2497:Pasi 2006
2398:Pasi 2006
2359:Pasi 2006
2267:Pasi 2006
2200:Pasi 2006
2181:Pasi 2006
2164:Pasi 2006
2127:Pasi 2006
2111:Pasi 2006
2041:Pasi 2006
1957:Pasi 2006
1944:Citations
1813:occulture
1807:Occulture
1785:The term
1766:Mesmerist
1738:occultism
1730:occultism
1551:Occultism
1537:magnetism
1425:occultism
1418:occultism
1394:occultism
1392:The term
1336:occultism
1325:Theosophy
1317:occultism
1302:occultism
1230:occultism
1215:astrology
1169:Etymology
1163:occulture
1160:neologism
1121:Theosophy
1074:occultism
1062:astrology
1052:The term
1039:mysticism
1011: or
903:Ibn Arabi
888:Gurdjieff
873:Dionysius
853:Blavatsky
814:Martinism
776:Sacrifice
736:Evocation
691:Theosophy
676:Mysticism
641:Astrology
342:Debunking
275:Telepathy
125:Ectoplasm
95:Cold spot
65:Astrology
4568:Pricking
4479:Scotland
4402:Virginia
4392:New York
4387:Maryland
4380:Americas
4129:Sorginak
4119:Pasiphaë
4011:Talisman
3981:Mojo bag
3929:Grimoire
3824:Regional
3769:Familiar
3732:Anathema
3648:Neopagan
3643:Medieval
3548:Akelarre
3066:Religion
2905:(2004).
2788:(1996).
2758:(2008).
2709:(1994).
2659:(1927).
1874:See also
1670:Buddhism
1666:Hinduism
1508:basis."
1406:esoteric
1200:esoteric
1179:occultus
1023:esoteric
993:occultus
741:Exorcism
656:Kabbalah
596:a series
593:Part of
510:Hypnosis
417:Hypnosis
145:Forteana
135:Exorcism
38:a series
36:Part of
4607:Related
4551:Related
4469:Iceland
4464:Finland
4459:England
4454:Denmark
4418:Hungary
4114:Obayifo
4044:Agamede
4001:Potions
3934:Incense
3875:Objects
3695:Animism
3670:Warlock
3605:Oceania
3588:Britain
3143:(5â6).
2967:(ed.).
2852:Bibcode
1493:polemic
1373:author
1262:author
1219:alchemy
1156:culture
1137:New Age
1113:Qabalah
1066:alchemy
1000:
938:Steiner
918:Mathers
863:Crowley
686:Thelema
636:Alchemy
490:Fallacy
449:Related
285:Ufology
210:Psychic
170:Miracle
4675:Occult
4520:Basque
4505:Geneva
4500:France
4484:Sweden
4474:Norway
4449:Baltic
4433:Russia
4428:Poland
4329:Modern
4313:(1751)
4305:(1647)
4297:(1627)
4289:(1608)
4281:(1599)
4273:(1597)
4265:(1595)
4257:(1593)
4249:(1591)
4241:(1584)
4233:(1563)
4225:(1509)
4217:(1489)
4209:(1487)
4201:(1484)
4193:(1475)
4185:(1440)
4177:(1376)
4124:Sebile
4079:Hecate
4049:Aradia
3996:Poppet
3991:Nkondi
3904:Censer
3887:Athame
3882:Amulet
3841:Sigils
3829:Yellow
3638:Hoodoo
3633:Goetia
3610:MÄkutu
3538:Europe
3509:Azande
3504:Africa
3497:Region
3403:
3384:
3365:
3346:
3303:
3293:
3244:
3225:
3203:
3186:
3122:
3104:Berlin
3089:
3052:
3033:
3010:
2991:
2973:Leiden
2952:
2921:
2891:
2870:
2831:
2821:Leiden
2804:
2794:Leiden
2774:
2764:Oxford
2744:
2725:
2695:
2676:
2645:
1787:occult
1596:, and
1545:Newton
1541:Aether
1460:, and
1414:occult
1398:occult
1221:, and
1206:arcane
1187:occult
1152:occult
1131:, the
1068:, and
1016:secret
1006:hidden
987:(from
985:occult
933:Schuon
883:Guénon
825:Tariqa
681:Occult
646:Gnosis
407:Empath
175:Occult
40:on the
4654:Adept
4515:Spain
4510:Italy
4397:Salem
4352:Nepal
4347:India
4158:Major
4094:Medea
4089:Kalku
4069:Drude
4064:Dayan
4059:Circe
3986:Nkisi
3897:besom
3892:Broom
3819:Black
3749:Demon
3727:Curse
3722:Coven
3653:Wicca
3573:Völva
3568:SeiĂ°r
3543:Italy
3514:Ghana
3490:Types
3479:Magic
3427:ESSWE
3184:S2CID
3170:(2).
3136:Numen
3087:S2CID
3073:(3).
2868:S2CID
1924:Notes
1696:]
1521:magic
1446:Papus
1359:]
1310:Papus
1249:]
1177:word
1175:Latin
1129:Wicca
1090:Papus
1035:magic
989:Latin
943:Waite
878:Evola
858:Böhme
661:Magic
312:World
297:India
185:Ouija
160:Magic
4084:Huld
4016:Wand
3784:Jinn
3742:Jinx
3621:Form
3526:Asia
3481:and
3401:ISBN
3382:ISBN
3363:ISBN
3344:ISBN
3301:ISSN
3291:ISBN
3242:ISBN
3223:ISBN
3201:ISBN
3120:ISBN
3050:ISBN
3031:ISBN
3008:ISBN
2989:ISBN
2950:ISBN
2919:ISBN
2889:ISBN
2829:ISBN
2802:ISBN
2772:ISBN
2742:ISBN
2723:ISBN
2693:ISBN
2674:ISBN
2643:ISBN
1754:emic
1749:etic
1742:type
1698:and
1682:yoga
1668:and
1640:and
1572:and
1416:and
1385:and
1308:and
1203:and
1183:lit.
1154:and
1088:and
1045:and
1037:and
997:lit.
983:The
913:LĂ©vi
908:Jung
893:Hall
794:AâŽAâŽ
347:Hoax
70:Aura
28:Cult
3283:doi
3176:doi
3149:doi
3112:doi
3079:doi
2981:doi
2860:doi
2307:185
1973:107
1860:'s
1111:as
1025:or
868:Dee
180:Orb
4671::
3342:.
3299:.
3289:.
3182:.
3168:57
3166:.
3141:64
3139:.
3118:.
3110:.
3106::
3085:.
3071:46
3069:.
3029:.
3025:.
2987:.
2975::
2971:.
2944::
2940:.
2909:.
2887:.
2883:.
2866:.
2858:.
2848:24
2846:.
2823::
2819:.
2800:.
2796::
2770:.
2766::
2762:.
2721:.
2717::
2504:^
2405:^
2382:^
2219:^
2188:^
2171:^
2134:^
2099:^
2072:^
1989:60
1694:fr
1684:.
1612:.
1604:,
1592:,
1584:,
1580:,
1523:.
1464:.
1456:,
1452:,
1448:,
1357:fr
1350:,
1331:.
1312:,
1290:,
1247:fr
1225:.
1217:,
1181:;
1165:.
1143:.
1135:,
1127:,
1123:,
1119:,
1115:,
1096:.
1064:,
1049:.
995:,
991::
599:on
3471:e
3464:t
3457:v
3409:.
3390:.
3371:.
3352:.
3307:.
3285::
3250:.
3231:.
3209:.
3190:.
3178::
3155:.
3151::
3128:.
3114::
3093:.
3081::
3058:.
3039:.
3016:.
2997:.
2983::
2958:.
2927:.
2897:.
2874:.
2862::
2854::
2837:.
2810:.
2780:.
2750:.
2731:.
2701:.
2682:.
2651:.
2610:.
2487:.
2463:.
2451:.
2439:.
2337:.
2335:8
2321:.
2309:.
2003:.
1991:.
1975:.
1959:.
1019:'
1013:'
1009:'
1003:'
972:e
965:t
958:v
579:e
572:t
565:v
30:.
23:.
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