1741:
627:
1819:. This term has been used as an "intellectual waste-basket" into which a wide array of beliefs and practices have been placed because they do not fit readily into the categories of religion or science. According to Hanegraaff, "the occult" is a category into which gets placed a range of beliefs from "spirits or fairies to parapsychological experiments, from UFO-abductions to Oriental mysticism, from vampire legends to channelling, and so on".
1378:
distinguished between occultism, which he used in reference to practices, techniques, and procedures, and esotericism, which he defined as the religious or philosophical belief systems on which such practices are based. This division was initially adopted by the early academic scholar of esotericism, Antoine Faivre, although he later abandoned it; it has been rejected by most scholars who study esotericism.
1898:
1660:. Similar to spiritualism, but in declared opposition to it, the emergence of occultism should thus be seen within the context of radical social reform, which was often concerned with establishing new forms of "scientific religion" while at the same time propagating the revival of an ancient tradition of "true religion". Indeed, the emergence of both modern esotericism and socialism in
1500:, "each one of them engaged in a systematic investigation of nature and natural processes, in the context of theoretical frameworks that relied heavily on a belief in occult qualities, virtues or forces." Although there are areas of overlap between these different occult sciences, they are separate and in some cases practitioners of one would reject the others as being illegitimate.
1572:
1645:", a post-Enlightenment society in which growing scientific discovery had eradicated the "dimension of irreducible mystery" previously present. In doing so, he noted, occultism distanced itself from the "traditional esotericism" which accepted the premise of an "enchanted" world. According to the British historian of Western esotericism
4325:
1631:
Unlike older forms of esotericism, occultism does not necessarily reject "scientific progress or modernity". LĂ©vi had stressed the need to solve the conflict between science and religion, something that he believed could be achieved by turning to what he thought was the ancient wisdom found in magic.
1775:
In this definition, occultism covers many esoteric currents that have developed from the mid-nineteenth century onward, including
Spiritualism, Theosophy, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, and the New Age. Employing this etic understanding of "occultism", Hanegraaff argued that its development
1523:
was not misplaced because "people who believe in the possibility of unveiling the future or of exercising supernormal powers do so because the efficacy of the methods they employ coheres with some systematic conception which they hold of the way the universe functions...however flimsy its empirical
1381:
By the 21st century the term was commonly employed â including by academic scholars of esotericism â to refer to a range of esoteric currents that developed in the mid-19th century and their descendants. Occultism is thus often used to categorise such esoteric traditions as
Spiritualism, Theosophy,
1793:
influential radical socialist movements and widespread progressive, so-called neo-Catholic ideas. This further complicates
Hanegraaff's characteristics of occultism, since, throughout the nineteenth century, they apply to these reformist movements rather than to a supposed group of esotericists.
1636:
noted that rather than outright accepting "the triumph of scientism", occultists sought "an alternative solution", trying to integrate "scientific progress or modernity" with "a global vision that will serve to make the vacuousness of materialism more apparent". The Dutch scholar of hermeticism
1792:
Following these discussions, Julian Strube argued that LĂ©vi and other contemporary authors who would now be regarded as esotericists developed their ideas not against the background of an esoteric tradition in the first place. Rather, LĂ©vi's notion of occultism emerged in the context of highly
1767:
category" for scholars, Hanegraaff devised the following definition: "a category in the study of religions, which comprises "all attempts by esotericists to come to terms with a disenchanted world or, alternatively, by people in general to make sense of esotericism from the perspective of a
1377:
used the term as a synonym for esotericism, an approach that the later scholar of esotericism Marco Pasi suggested left the term superfluous. Unlike Amadou, other writers saw occultism and esotericism as different, albeit related, phenomena. In the 1970s, the sociologist Edward A. Tiryakian
1726:, and seeking to integrate ideas from Bohmian theosophy and occultism. It has been noted, however, that this distancing from the Theosophical Society should be understood in the light of polemical identity formations among esotericists towards the end of the nineteenth century.
1393:, who used esotericism to describe what he believed was the Traditionalist, inner teaching at the heart of most religions, while occultism was used pejoratively to describe new religions and movements that he disapproved of, such as Spiritualism, Theosophy, and various
1788:
Marco Pasi suggested that the use of
Hanegraaff's definition might cause confusion by presenting a group of nineteenth-century esotericists who called themselves "occultists" as just one part of a broader category of esotericists whom scholars would call "occultists".
1312:, first published in 1856. LĂ©vi was familiar with that work and might have borrowed the term from there. In any case, LĂ©vi also claimed to be a representative of an older tradition of occult science or occult philosophy. It was from his usage of the term
1688:. In various cases, certain occultists did both. Another characteristic of these occultists was the emphasis that they placed on "the spiritual realization of the individual", an idea that would strongly influence the twentieth-century New Age and
1583:
In the
English-speaking world, notable figures in the development of occultism included Helena Blavatsky and other figures associated with her Theosophical Society, senior figures in the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn like
1667:
Another feature of occultists is that – unlike earlier esotericists – they often openly distanced themselves from
Christianity, in some cases (like that of Crowley) even adopting explicitly
1447:
that developed in the nineteenth century and their twentieth-century derivations. In a descriptive sense, it has been used to describe forms of esotericism which developed in nineteenth-century France, especially in the
1488:
The idea of occult sciences developed in the sixteenth century. The term usually encompassed three practices – astrology, alchemy, and natural magic – although sometimes various forms of
4659:
1784:
movement of the eighteenth century, although added that occultism only emerged in "fully-developed form" as
Spiritualism, a movement that developed in the United States during the mid-nineteenth century.
1843:
used the term in an academic sense, stating that occulture was "the new spiritual environment in the West; the reservoir feeding new spiritual springs; the soil in which new spiritualities are growing".
1652:
In his work about LĂ©vi, the German historian of religion Julian Strube has argued that the occultist wish for a "synthesis" of religion, science, and philosophy directly resulted from the context of
1952:
This theosophy, which is a
Christian esoteric tradition adhered to by theosophers, is a distinct movement from Theosophy, the occultist religion adhered to by Theosophists, despite the shared name.
322:
3289:
Classen, Albrecht (2017). "Magic in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age: Literature, Science, Religion, Philosophy, Music, and Art. An
Introduction". In Classen, Albrecht (ed.).
1579:
popularised the term "occultism" in the 1850s. His reinterpretation of traditional esoteric ideas has led to him being called the origin of "the occultist current properly so-called".
317:
1703:
Although occultism is distinguished from earlier forms of esotericism, many occultists have also been involved in older esoteric currents. For instance, occultists like
1507:, occultism increasingly came to be seen as intrinsically incompatible with the concept of science. From that point on, use of "occult science(s)" implied a conscious
1676:
had been on all areas of
European society. In rejecting Christianity, these occultists sometimes turned towards pre-Christian belief systems and embraced forms of
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4182:
377:
312:
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Strube, Julian (2016a). "Socialist Religion and the Emergence of Occultism: A Genealogical Approach to Socialism and Secularization in 19th-Century France".
1852:
Recently scholars have offered perspectives on the occult as intertwined with media and technology. Examples include the work of film and media theorist
1316:
that it gained wider usage; according to Faivre, LĂ©vi was "the principal exponent of esotericism in Europe and the United States" at that time. The term
1123:â to refer to a range of esoteric currents that developed in the mid-19th century and their descendants. Occultism is thus often used to categorise such
1860:, both of whom suggest that occult movements historically utilize media and apparatuses as tools to reveal hidden aspects of reality or laws of nature.
4387:
4357:
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Magic and Magicians in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Time: The Occult in Pre-Modern Sciences, Medicine, Literature, Religion, and Astrology
1119:
by a range of different authors. By the 21st century the term 'occultism' was commonly employed âincluding by academic scholars in the field of
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can be used not only for the nineteenth-century groups which openly self-described using that term but can also be used in reference to "the
1460:
that "the occultist current properly so-called" first appears. Other prominent French esotericists involved in developing occultism included
1093:
986:
1405:. As noted by Hanegraaff, Guénon's use of these terms are rooted in his Traditionalist beliefs and "cannot be accepted as scholarly valid".
1271:, as has been claimed by Hanegraaff, but to describe a political "system of occulticity" that was directed against priests and aristocrats.
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1473:
1386:
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were also included rather than being subsumed under natural magic. These were grouped together because, according to the Dutch scholar of
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1805:
has also been used as a substantivized adjective as "the occult", a term that has been particularly widely used among journalists and
1156:
367:
2858:
Henry, John (1 December 1986). "Occult Qualities and the Experimental Philosophy: Active Principles in Pre-Newtonian Matter Theory".
1868:
gives an overview of occultism both ancient and modern from the perspective of cybernetics and information technologies. Philosopher
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2908:
2821:
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2712:
1308:
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Sozialismus, Katholizisimus und Okkultismus im Frankreich des 19. Jahrhunderts - Die Genealogie der Schriften von Eliphas LĂ©vi
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3445:
European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism, with many links to associated organizations, libraries, scholars etc.
4438:
3615:
3546:
711:
1696:, but by the start of the twentieth century had also begun to include practices drawn from non-Western contexts, such as
4695:
4253:
1752:
In the mid-1990s, a new definition of "occultism" was put forth by Wouter Hanegraaff. According to Hanegraaff, the term
1657:
3839:
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1563:'s contemporaries severely criticized his theory that gravity was effected through "action at a distance", as occult.
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scene of the late twentieth century was probably coined by one of its central figures, the musician and occultist
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4309:
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Strube, Julian (2017a). "Occultist Identity Formations Between Theosophy and Socialism in fin-de-siĂšcle France".
2677:
English synonyms explained, in alphabetical order, copious illustrations and examples drawn from the best writers
979:
1740:
1692:. This spiritual realization was encouraged both through traditional Western 'occult sciences' like alchemy and
1616:. By the end of the nineteenth century, occultist ideas had also spread into other parts of Europe, such as the
1320:
emerged in 19th-century France, where it came to be associated with various French esoteric groups connected to
1225:
can also be used to describe the occult, in addition to their meanings unrelated to the supernatural. The term
4639:
4417:
4407:
4317:
4189:
3478:
2771:
1689:
1646:
1593:
1058:
888:
586:
235:
1649:, occultist groups typically seek "proofs and demonstrations by recourse to scientific tests or terminology".
1443:
has been used in various different ways. However, in contemporary uses, occultism commonly refers to forms of
1704:
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417:
155:
31:
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4443:
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1922:
1912:
1294:, had been termed "occult sciences" or "occult philosophy", but also to the recent socialist teachings of
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140:
105:
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The Re-Enchantment of the West: Alternative Spiritualities, Sacralization, Popular Culture, and Occulture
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412:
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210:
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disenchanted secular world". Hanegraaff noted that this etic usage of the term would be independent of
3373:
Hanegraaff, Wouter J. (2010). "The Beginning of Occultist Kabbalah: Adolphe Franck and Eliphas Levi".
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175:
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1719:
1601:
1465:
1444:
1367:
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913:
786:
646:
641:
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387:
48:
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1927:
1857:
1777:
1046:
255:
205:
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2653:
Buchdahl, Gerd (1989). "History of Science and Criteria of Choice". In Stuewer, Roger H. (ed.).
1576:
1519:
and occult interpretations using cards were unknown before the 18th century, said that the term
1457:
1321:
1299:
1101:
928:
1166:('the occult') has developed especially since the late twentieth century. In that same period,
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2708:
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1988:
1836:
1653:
1638:
1497:
1425:
1390:
1355:
898:
729:
686:
550:
260:
125:
80:
70:
2922:
2004:
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4124:
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3715:
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3230:
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3127:
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1832:
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1605:
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878:
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in the English language appears to be in "A Few Questions to 'Hiraf'", an 1875 article by
1295:
948:
845:
781:
427:
230:
165:
100:
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1886:, where he shows how the horror genre utilizes occult themes to reveal hidden realities.
135:
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The LCSH Century: One Hundred Years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings System
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4164:
2722:
1869:
1853:
1715:
1673:
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1642:
1633:
1453:
1062:
1004:
953:
873:
834:
515:
510:
447:
405:
250:
245:
110:
3460:. Online exhibition from the Louisiana State University Libraries Special Collections.
3293:. Fundamentals of Medieval and Early Modern Culture. Vol. 20. Berlin and Boston:
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4114:
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3203:
3106:
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1735:
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1617:
1359:
1238:
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and science, encompassing phenomena involving a 'hidden' or 'secret' agency, such as
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240:
220:
170:
120:
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4237:
4021:
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3929:
3690:
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1810:
1709:
1609:
1560:
1532:
1477:
1372:
1303:
1116:
1042:
893:
776:
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215:
195:
95:
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2806:
New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought
1744:
In the 1990s, the Dutch scholar Wouter Hanegraaff put forward a new definition of
1641:
remarked that occultism was "essentially an attempt to adapt esotericism" to the "
1511:
against mainstream science. Nevertheless, the philosopher and card game historian
1201:'clandestine', 'hidden', 'secret') is "knowledge of the hidden". In common usage,
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4149:
4134:
4089:
3989:
3954:
3939:
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3720:
3643:
3394:
The Ashgate Research Companion to Nineteenth-Century Spiritualism and the Occult
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1548:
1547:
Occult qualities are properties that have no known rational explanation; in the
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1402:
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1215:
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681:
666:
560:
285:
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1893:
1861:
1490:
1210:
1206:
943:
938:
771:
766:
761:
741:
520:
340:
275:
180:
130:
85:
56:
3437:
3349:
3320:
3176:
Strube, Julian (2017b). "Socialism and Esotericism in July Monarchy France".
1772:
usages of the term employed by occultists and other esotericists themselves.
1428:
stated that it was important to distinguish between the meanings of the term
1252:. In this form it appears in A. de Lestrange's article that was published in
4069:
3851:
3829:
3779:
3774:
3752:
3090:
2961:
1806:
1781:
1552:
1449:
1358:
in his "Theses Against Occultism", employed the term as a broad synonym for
1340:
1230:
1175:
1136:
1100:. It came to be associated with various French esoteric groups connected to
1077:
1054:
923:
918:
829:
791:
751:
706:
691:
656:
290:
115:
75:
3625:
2831:
Hanegraaff, Wouter (2006). "Occult/Occultism". In Wouter Hanegraaff (ed.).
2808:. Numen Book Series: Studies in the History of Religions. Vol. LXXII.
1339:, a Russian émigré living in the United States who founded the religion of
3131:
1680:, while others instead took influence from the religions of Asia, such as
1571:
1108:, and in 1875 was introduced into the English language by the esotericist
17:
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4144:
4026:
3944:
3784:
3747:
3583:
3563:
1685:
1681:
1038:
883:
756:
671:
525:
432:
357:
160:
150:
2897:
Religion, Science, and Worldview: Essays in Honor of Richard S. Westfall
2207:
2205:
1221:
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3949:
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3685:
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Occult - Decoding the visual culture of mysticism, magic and divination
3235:
Mysticism: A Study in Nature and Development of Spiritual Consciousness
1604:, and – in the early twentieth century –
1508:
1234:
1152:
1128:
1081:
701:
651:
505:
300:
225:
185:
1763:
Seeking to define occultism so that the term would be suitable "as an
1267:
in 1842. However, it was not related, at this point, to the notion of
4139:
4094:
4064:
4016:
4011:
4006:
3919:
3902:
3897:
3375:
Kabbalah and Modernity: Interpretations, Transformations, Adaptations
3119:
2988:
2836:
2809:
2779:
1397:. Guénon's use of this terminology was adopted by later writers like
840:
661:
422:
90:
3329:
4660:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
4326:
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
3195:
2754:
Spirituality and the Occult: From the Renaissance to the Modern Age
1382:
Anthroposophy, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, and New Age.
1343:. The article was published in the American Spiritualist magazine,
4669:
4109:
4104:
4084:
4074:
4001:
3912:
3907:
3856:
3764:
3742:
3737:
3668:
3449:
3438:
University of Exeter Centre for the Study of Esotericism (EXESESO)
3118:. Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten. Vol. 69.
1739:
1570:
1461:
1325:
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1144:
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200:
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TechGnosis: Myth, Magic & Mysticism in the Age of Information
4099:
4031:
3799:
3757:
3039:
Haunted Media: Electronic Presence from Telegraphy to Television
1769:
1764:
1697:
1436:. Occultism is not a homogenous movement and is widely diverse.
1354:
in different ways. Some writers, such as the German philosopher
1045:
beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of
362:
38:
3467:
1350:
Various twentieth-century writers on the subject used the term
1776:
could begin to be seen in the work of the Swedish esotericist
3020:
Speaking Into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication
1722:, adhering to the ideas of the early modern Lutheran thinker
2523:
2521:
2424:
2422:
2254:
2252:
2250:
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2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
1515:, whose analysis of the historical evidence suggested that
2776:
The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introduction
3354:. Religious and Spiritual Imagery. Vol. 3. London:
2895:
Osler, Margaret J.; Farber, Paul Lawrence, eds. (2002).
1115:
Throughout the 20th century, the term 'occult' was used
3442:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
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2190:
2188:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
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stances. This reflected how pervasive the influence of
1452:
environment. According to the historian of esotericism
3254:
Power and Self-Consciousness in the Poetry of Shelley
2655:
Historical and Philosophical Perspectives of Science
4622:
4601:
4566:
4550:
4508:
4457:
4426:
4395:
4386:
4343:
4336:
4173:
4050:
3890:
3703:
3636:
3512:
3505:
1290:, relating it to earlier practices that, since the
2657:. Vol. 5. Gordon and Breach. pp. 232ff.
1809:. This term was popularised by the publication of
3457:Occult Science and Philosophy of the Renaissance
3273:An Outline of the Principles of Modern Theosophy
3213:In the Dust of This Planet: Horror of Philosophy
1535:used the term "occult science" as a synonym for
1057:. It can also refer to paranormal ideas such as
2440:
2390:
4183:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
3392:Kontou, Tatiana; Wilburn, Sarah, eds. (2012).
2729:. SUNY Series in Western Esoteric Traditions.
1984:
1302:then used the term in his influential book on
4270:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
3479:
1213:", usually referred to as science. The terms
980:
587:
8:
3450:Twilit Grotto: Archives of Western Esoterica
3252:Welburn, Andrew J.; Heinzen, Thomas (1986).
2952:. In Asprem, Egil; Granholm, Kennet (eds.).
2833:Dictionary of Gnosis and Western Esotericism
2318:
1198:
1012:
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3509:
3486:
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2527:
2428:
2306:
2270:
2258:
2227:
2211:
2175:
2138:
2107:
2052:
1632:The French scholar of Western esotericism
987:
973:
605:
594:
580:
43:
2587:
2575:
2028:
1664:France have been inherently intertwined.
1439:Over the course of its history, the term
1229:was used in the 16th century to refer to
27:Knowledge of the hidden or the paranormal
3275:. Boston: New England Theosophical Corp.
2362:
1424:. However, the historian of esotericism
2635:
2563:
2551:
2500:
2476:
2464:
2452:
2346:
2294:
2080:
2068:
1965:
1945:
1592:, as well as other individuals such as
1258:Jean-Baptiste Richard de Randonvilliers
619:
55:
4589:List of people executed for witchcraft
3452:(Esoteric Archives: Occult Literature)
2611:
2599:
2488:
2386:
2163:
2040:
4558:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
2623:
2334:
2016:
2000:
1760:of esotericism that they represent".
1385:A different division was used by the
1244:The earliest known usage of the term
378:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal
7:
3411:Partridge, Christopher, ed. (2014).
2979:Pasi, Marco (2006). "Occultism". In
2539:
2512:
2413:
2374:
2282:
2215:
2196:
2179:
2142:
2126:
2056:
1972:
1474:Georges-Albert Puyou de Pouvourville
3332:. In Partridge, Christopher (ed.).
1209:", as opposed to "knowledge of the
4655:Left-hand path and right-hand path
4230:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
1555:was considered an occult quality.
1157:left-hand path and right-hand path
368:James Randi Educational Foundation
25:
2679:. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co.
1309:Dogme et rituel de la haute magie
1149:Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
2985:The Brill Dictionary of Religion
2948:Partridge, Christopher (2014) .
1896:
1879:Three Books of Occult Philosophy
1590:Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers
625:
3022:. University of Chicago Press.
3001:10.1163/1872-5287_bdr_COM_00321
1256:("Dictionary of new words") by
353:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
4353:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
4214:Summis desiderantes affectibus
1856:and religious studies scholar
1254:Dictionnaire des mots nouveaux
1248:is in the French language, as
1:
3099:10.1080/0048721X.2016.1146926
2727:Access to Western Esotericism
1456:, it is with the esotericist
1331:The earliest use of the term
851:List of magical organizations
307:Reportedly haunted locations:
4358:accusations against children
4254:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
3018:Peters, John Durham (2012).
1420:derives from the older term
1412:derives from the older term
1205:refers to "knowledge of the
3215:. Vol. 1. Zero Books.
3188:University of Chicago Press
1121:Western esotericism studies
146:Electronic voice phenomenon
4712:
4278:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
2901:Cambridge University Press
2880:10.1177/007327538602400401
1985:Welburn & Heinzen 1986
1884:In The Dust Of This Planet
1874:Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa
1839:. The scholar of religion
1733:
1174:were combined to form the
36:
29:
4310:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
3343:– via Academia.edu.
3303:10.1515/9783110557725-001
3256:. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
3169:10.1163/15685276-12341481
2772:Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas
2703:Dummett, Michael (1980).
1559:is another such element.
1298:. The French esotericist
4640:Christian views on magic
4318:The Discovery of Witches
4190:Directorium Inquisitorum
3330:"The Occult Middle Ages"
3211:Thacker, Eugene (2011).
3114:Strube, Julian (2016b).
3064:. Taylor & Francis.
3037:Sconce, Jeffrey (2000).
2954:Contemporary Esotericism
2688:. North Atlantic Press.
1848:Occultism and technology
1690:Human Potential Movement
1647:Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke
1594:Paschal Beverly Randolph
1098:Antoine Court de GĂ©belin
1096:, among figures such as
1059:extra-sensory perception
418:Apparitional experiences
37:Not to be confused with
4246:De praestigiis daemonum
4198:De maleficis mulieribus
3348:Forshaw, Peter (2024).
3328:Forshaw, Peter (2014).
2950:"Occulture is Ordinary"
2929:. Vol. 1. London:
2784:Oxford University Press
2752:Gibbons, B. J. (2018).
2319:Osler & Farber 2002
1705:François-Charles Barlet
1658:progressive Catholicism
1575:The French esotericist
476:Argument from ignorance
443:Out-of-body experiences
156:Extrasensory perception
32:Occult (disambiguation)
4302:Compendium Maleficarum
4294:Magical Investigations
4185:(8thâ2nd centuries BC)
3377:. Netherlands: Brill.
3271:Wright, C. F. (1895).
3237:. Devoted Publishing.
2995:. pp. 1364â1368.
2919:Partridge, Christopher
1923:List of occult writers
1913:List of occult symbols
1749:
1654:contemporary socialism
1580:
1008:
501:Communal reinforcement
3925:Cloak of invisibility
3681:Solitary practitioner
3594:Witch-cult hypothesis
3415:. London: Routledge.
3132:10.1515/9783110478105
3060:Stone, A. T. (2014).
3043:Duke University Press
2707:. London: Duckworth.
2515:, pp. 1367â1368.
2377:, pp. 1365â1366.
2145:, pp. 1364â1365.
1841:Christopher Partridge
1743:
1730:Etic uses of the term
1598:Emma Hardinge Britten
1586:William Wynn Westcott
1574:
1531:, the anthropologist
1189:The occult (from the
1164:nominalized adjective
1162:Use of the term as a
747:Esoteric transmission
481:Argumentum ad populum
413:Anomalous experiences
393:Scientific skepticism
211:Paranormal television
4645:Magical organization
4160:Witches of Benevento
3448:Joseph H. Peterson,
3396:. Farnham: Ashgate.
3179:History of Religions
2964:. pp. 113â133.
2843:. pp. 884â889.
2756:. Psychology Press.
2684:Davis, Erik (2015).
2441:Goodrick-Clarke 2008
2391:Goodrick-Clarke 2008
1918:List of occult terms
1505:Age of Enlightenment
1286:in his popular work
496:Cognitive dissonance
491:Begging the question
438:Ideomotor phenomenon
30:For other uses, see
4696:Western esotericism
4262:Newes from Scotland
4222:Malleus Maleficarum
3599:Anglo-Saxon England
3356:Thames & Hudson
3336:. London: Routledge
2981:von Stuckrad, Kocku
2872:1986HisSc..24..335H
2566:, pp. 218â221.
2554:, pp. 373â379.
2230:, pp. 887â888.
1748:for scholarly uses.
1602:Arthur Edward Waite
1466:Stanislas de Guaita
1416:, much as the term
1362:. In his 1950 book
1345:Spiritual Scientist
1269:ĂsotĂ©risme chrĂ©tien
1125:esoteric traditions
1094:19th-century France
1074:16th-century Europe
1037:) is a category of
914:Hermes Trismegistus
787:Ritual purification
647:Eastern esotericism
642:Western esotericism
546:Scientific evidence
388:Scientific literacy
4614:Witches in fiction
4602:In popular culture
4176:historic treatises
3297:. pp. 1â108.
2933:. pp. 62â84.
2860:History of Science
2802:Hanegraaff, Wouter
2071:, p. 445-450.
1928:List of occultists
1858:John Durham Peters
1778:Emanuel Swedenborg
1750:
1643:disenchanted world
1581:
1288:Maçonnerie occulte
1047:organized religion
804:Esoteric societies
256:Spirit photography
206:Paranormal fiction
126:Demonic possession
4678:
4677:
4635:Witch (archetype)
4597:
4596:
4546:
4545:
3872:Sympathetic magic
3699:
3698:
3403:978-0-7546-6912-8
3231:Underhill, Evelyn
3141:978-3-11-047810-5
3071:978-1-317-95688-4
2971:978-1-908049-32-2
2850:978-90-04-15231-1
2793:978-0-19-532099-2
2705:The Game of Tarot
2638:, pp. 49â97.
2614:, pp. 188ff.
1837:Genesis P-Orridge
1639:Wouter Hanegraaff
1529:Primitive Culture
1527:In his 1871 book
1498:Wouter Hanegraaff
1426:Wouter Hanegraaff
1356:Theodor W. Adorno
1282:had already used
1117:idiosyncratically
997:
996:
730:Astral projection
687:Mystical theology
604:
603:
551:Scientific method
261:Spirit possession
71:Astral projection
16:(Redirected from
4703:
4609:Magic in fiction
4439:Northern Moravia
4393:
4373:Papua New Guinea
4341:
4125:Nine sorceresses
3877:Witches' Sabbath
3726:Ceremonial magic
3716:Apotropaic magic
3510:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3465:
3426:
3413:The Occult World
3407:
3388:
3369:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3334:The Occult World
3324:
3276:
3267:
3248:
3226:
3207:
3172:
3161:Brill Publishers
3145:
3110:
3075:
3056:
3033:
3014:
2993:Brill Publishers
2975:
2958:Abingdon, Oxford
2944:
2914:
2891:
2854:
2841:Brill Publishers
2827:
2814:Brill Publishers
2797:
2767:
2748:
2731:Albany, New York
2718:
2699:
2680:
2668:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2602:, pp. 21ff.
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
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2167:
2161:
2146:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2111:
2105:
2084:
2083:, p. 13-14.
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
1998:
1992:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1953:
1950:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1833:industrial music
1831:used within the
1713:
1694:ceremonial magic
1626:Kingdom of Italy
1606:Aleister Crowley
1543:Occult qualities
1470:Joséphin Péladan
1395:secret societies
1376:
1337:Helena Blavatsky
1280:Jean-Marie Ragon
1266:
1200:
1110:Helena Blavatsky
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
989:
982:
975:
629:
606:
596:
589:
582:
486:Bandwagon effect
383:Pseudoskepticism
373:Magical thinking
44:
21:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4618:
4593:
4562:
4542:
4504:
4458:Northern Europe
4453:
4422:
4382:
4332:
4175:
4169:
4052:
4046:
3985:Magical weapons
3935:Flying ointment
3886:
3731:Magical formula
3695:
3632:
3579:Greece and Rome
3501:
3492:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3410:
3404:
3391:
3385:
3372:
3366:
3347:
3339:
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3327:
3313:
3288:
3284:
3282:Further reading
3279:
3270:
3264:
3251:
3245:
3229:
3223:
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3148:
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3113:
3078:
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2894:
2857:
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2830:
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2800:
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2764:
2751:
2745:
2723:Faivre, Antoine
2721:
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2594:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2542:, p. 1368.
2538:
2534:
2528:Hanegraaff 1996
2526:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2439:
2435:
2429:Hanegraaff 1996
2427:
2420:
2416:, p. 1366.
2412:
2397:
2385:
2381:
2373:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2317:
2313:
2307:Hanegraaff 2006
2305:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2285:, p. 1364.
2281:
2277:
2271:Hanegraaff 2006
2269:
2265:
2259:Hanegraaff 2006
2257:
2234:
2228:Hanegraaff 2006
2226:
2222:
2218:, p. 1367.
2214:, p. 887;
2212:Hanegraaff 2006
2210:
2203:
2199:, p. 1367.
2195:
2186:
2182:, p. 1365.
2178:, p. 887;
2176:Hanegraaff 2006
2174:
2170:
2162:
2149:
2141:, p. 887;
2139:Hanegraaff 2006
2137:
2133:
2129:, p. 1365.
2125:
2114:
2108:Hanegraaff 2006
2106:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2059:, p. 1364.
2055:, p. 887;
2053:Hanegraaff 2006
2051:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
1999:
1995:
1983:
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1971:
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1957:
1956:
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1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1904:Religion portal
1902:
1895:
1892:
1850:
1825:
1799:
1738:
1732:
1707:
1678:Modern Paganism
1622:Austria-Hungary
1614:Israel Regardie
1569:
1551:, for example,
1545:
1517:fortune-telling
1513:Michael Dummett
1486:
1484:Occult sciences
1370:
1296:Charles Fourier
1260:
1227:occult sciences
1187:
1070:occult sciences
1034:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:
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964:
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864:
863:Notable figures
856:
855:
846:Typhonian Order
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782:Rite of passage
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428:False awakening
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231:Psychic reading
166:Fortune-telling
101:Close encounter
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4509:Western Europe
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4430:
4428:
4427:Eastern Europe
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4186:
4179:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4165:Witch of Endor
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
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4132:
4127:
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4107:
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4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
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4062:
4056:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4042:Witch's ladder
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4014:
4009:
4004:
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3992:
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3432:External links
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:978-0415695961
3421:
3408:
3402:
3389:
3384:978-9004182875
3383:
3370:
3365:978-0500027134
3364:
3345:
3325:
3311:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3268:
3263:978-1349182787
3262:
3249:
3244:978-1773560045
3243:
3227:
3222:978-1846946769
3221:
3208:
3196:10.1086/693682
3173:
3146:
3140:
3111:
3076:
3070:
3057:
3052:978-0822325727
3051:
3034:
3029:978-0226922638
3028:
3015:
3009:
2976:
2970:
2945:
2939:
2915:
2909:
2892:
2866:(4): 335â381.
2855:
2849:
2828:
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2798:
2792:
2768:
2763:978-0415244480
2762:
2749:
2743:
2719:
2713:
2700:
2695:978-1583949306
2694:
2681:
2669:
2664:978-2881243509
2663:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2628:
2616:
2604:
2592:
2588:Partridge 2004
2580:
2578:, p. 124.
2576:Partridge 2014
2568:
2556:
2544:
2532:
2530:, p. 422.
2517:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2469:
2457:
2445:
2443:, p. 196.
2433:
2431:, p. 423.
2418:
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2393:, p. 196.
2389:, p. 88;
2379:
2367:
2365:, p. 232.
2355:
2339:
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2311:
2309:, p. 716.
2299:
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2275:
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2263:
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2232:
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2112:
2110:, p. 887.
2085:
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2029:Underhill 2017
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1908:
1907:
1891:
1888:
1870:Eugene Thacker
1854:Jeffrey Sconce
1849:
1846:
1827:The neologism
1824:
1821:
1798:
1795:
1731:
1728:
1716:Rudolf Steiner
1674:secularisation
1670:anti-Christian
1634:Antoine Faivre
1568:
1565:
1544:
1541:
1521:occult science
1485:
1482:
1454:Antoine Faivre
1387:Traditionalist
1186:
1183:
1063:parapsychology
995:
994:
992:
991:
984:
977:
969:
966:
965:
962:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
865:
862:
861:
858:
857:
854:
853:
848:
843:
838:
835:Rosicrucianism
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
806:
803:
802:
799:
798:
795:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
738:
737:
726:
724:Esoteric rites
723:
722:
719:
718:
715:
714:
712:Traditionalism
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
638:
635:
634:
631:
630:
622:
621:
617:
616:
602:
601:
599:
598:
591:
584:
576:
573:
572:
569:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
516:Fringe science
513:
511:Falsifiability
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
467:
464:
463:
460:
459:
456:
455:
450:
448:Parapsychology
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
409:
406:Parapsychology
404:
403:
400:
399:
396:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
344:
339:
338:
335:
334:
331:
330:
325:
320:
318:United Kingdom
315:
304:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
251:Retrocognition
248:
246:Remote viewing
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
111:Crystal gazing
108:
103:
98:
93:
91:Breatharianism
88:
83:
78:
73:
67:
64:
63:
60:
59:
53:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4708:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4665:Folk religion
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4155:Three Witches
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4115:Morgan le Fay
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3960:Kitchen witch
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3611:Latin America
3609:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3535:Witch smeller
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3489:
3484:
3482:
3477:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3418:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3346:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3312:9783110556070
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3010:9789004124332
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2940:0-567-08269-5
2936:
2932:
2931:T&T Clark
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2910:0-521-52493-8
2906:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2823:90-04-10695-2
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2744:0-7914-2178-3
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2714:0-7156-1014-7
2710:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2491:, p. 89.
2490:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2363:Buchdahl 1989
2359:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2300:
2297:, p. 93.
2296:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2166:, p. 88.
2165:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1959:
1949:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1813:'s 1971 book
1812:
1808:
1804:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1736:Emic and etic
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1662:July Monarchy
1659:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1618:German Empire
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1578:
1573:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:Neo-Martinist
1446:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1368:Robert Amadou
1365:
1361:
1360:irrationality
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:In 1853, the
1272:
1270:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1239:natural magic
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:Anthroposophy
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:natural magic
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1010:
1006:
1002:
990:
985:
983:
978:
976:
971:
970:
968:
967:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
860:
859:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
801:
800:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
736:
735:Body of light
733:
732:
731:
728:
727:
721:
720:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
633:
632:
628:
624:
623:
618:
614:
613:
608:
607:
597:
592:
590:
585:
583:
578:
577:
575:
574:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
541:Pseudoscience
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
462:
461:
454:
453:Synchronicity
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
407:
402:
401:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
345:
342:
337:
336:
329:
326:
324:
323:United States
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
310:
309:
308:
302:
299:
297:
296:Table-turning
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
241:Reincarnation
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
221:Preternatural
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
171:Ghost hunting
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
121:Cryptozoology
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
68:
65:Main articles
62:
61:
58:
54:
50:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
4630:Witch (word)
4579:Witch's mark
4388:Early Modern
4324:
4316:
4308:
4300:
4292:
4286:Daemonologie
4284:
4276:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4238:Laienspiegel
4236:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4120:Muma PÄdurii
4051:Folklore and
4022:Sator Square
3975:Magic circle
3970:Magic carpet
3930:Crystal ball
3867:Spiritualism
3824:
3691:Witch doctor
3574:Cunning folk
3456:
3412:
3393:
3374:
3350:
3338:. Retrieved
3333:
3290:
3272:
3253:
3234:
3212:
3183:
3177:
3156:
3150:
3115:
3086:
3080:
3061:
3038:
3019:
2984:
2953:
2926:
2896:
2863:
2859:
2832:
2805:
2775:
2753:
2726:
2704:
2685:
2676:
2654:
2636:Thacker 2011
2631:
2619:
2607:
2595:
2590:, p. 4.
2583:
2571:
2564:Strube 2017b
2559:
2552:Strube 2016a
2547:
2535:
2508:
2501:Strube 2017a
2496:
2484:
2472:
2465:Strube 2016b
2460:
2453:Strube 2016a
2448:
2436:
2382:
2370:
2358:
2347:Gibbons 2018
2342:
2330:
2314:
2302:
2295:Dummett 1980
2290:
2278:
2266:
2223:
2171:
2134:
2081:Strube 2016b
2076:
2069:Strube 2016b
2064:
2048:
2036:
2024:
2012:
1996:
1980:
1968:
1948:
1883:
1882:in his book
1877:
1865:
1864:in his book
1851:
1828:
1826:
1814:
1811:Colin Wilson
1807:sociologists
1802:
1800:
1797:Modern usage
1791:
1787:
1774:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1745:
1702:
1666:
1651:
1630:
1610:Dion Fortune
1582:
1577:Ăliphas LĂ©vi
1546:
1533:Edward Tylor
1528:
1526:
1520:
1502:
1487:
1478:Jean Bricaud
1458:Ăliphas LĂ©vi
1440:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1384:
1380:
1364:L'occultisme
1363:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1332:
1330:
1322:Ăliphas LĂ©vi
1317:
1313:
1307:
1304:ritual magic
1300:Ăliphas LĂ©vi
1287:
1283:
1273:
1268:
1253:
1250:l'occultisme
1249:
1245:
1243:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1202:
1194:
1188:
1178:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1133:Spiritualism
1114:
1102:Ăliphas LĂ©vi
1089:
1076:to refer to
1072:was used in
1069:
1067:
1043:supernatural
1000:
998:
777:Propitiation
696:
636:Key concepts
611:
566:Urban legend
556:Superstition
536:Protoscience
531:Junk science
471:Anomalistics
348:Cold reading
306:
305:
281:Supernatural
271:Spiritualism
266:Spirit world
216:Precognition
190:
136:DoppelgÀnger
96:Clairvoyance
4337:Persecution
4206:Formicarius
4150:Spearfinger
4090:Elbow witch
3990:Magic sword
3955:Julleuchter
3940:Goofer dust
3882:White magic
3795:Incantation
3721:Black magic
3676:Renaissance
3644:Chaos magic
3616:Middle East
3547:Philippines
3190:: 197â221.
3163:: 568â595.
3093:: 359â388.
2923:"Occulture"
2646:Works cited
2612:Peters 2012
2600:Sconce 2000
2489:Faivre 1994
2477:Strube2017b
2387:Faivre 1994
2164:Faivre 1994
2043:, p. .
2041:Wright 1895
2031:, p. .
1780:and in the
1724:Jakob Bohme
1720:theosophers
1708: [
1549:Middle Ages
1503:During the
1495:hermeticism
1445:esotericism
1418:esotericism
1403:Luc Benoist
1399:Serge Hutin
1391:René Guénon
1371: [
1292:Renaissance
1276:Freemasonic
1261: [
1092:emerged in
1088:. The term
825:Golden Dawn
820:Freemasonry
682:Metaphysics
667:Hermeticism
620:Esotericism
561:Uncertainty
286:Telekinesis
236:Psychometry
116:Conjuration
4685:Categories
4650:Maleficium
4574:Witch-hunt
4378:Witch camp
4037:Witch ball
3980:Magic ring
3965:Love charm
3820:Necromancy
3815:Moon magic
3810:Mediumship
3805:Love magic
3790:Gray magic
3770:Divination
3569:Benandanti
3499:witchcraft
3340:2022-12-13
3295:De Gruyter
3124:De Gruyter
2735:SUNY Press
2624:Davis 2015
2349:, p.
2335:Henry 1986
2321:, p.
2017:Crabb 1927
2003:, p.
2001:Stone 2014
1987:, p.
1935:References
1872:discusses
1866:Techgnosis
1862:Erik Davis
1816:The Occult
1734:See also:
1718:were also
1624:, and the
1491:divination
1314:occultisme
1284:occultisme
1211:measurable
1207:paranormal
1155:, and the
944:Pythagoras
939:Paracelsus
815:Ălus CoĂ«ns
772:Meditation
767:Invocation
762:Initiation
742:Divination
521:Groupthink
341:Skepticism
276:Stone Tape
181:Mediumship
131:Demonology
86:Bilocation
57:Paranormal
18:Occultists
4551:Classical
4070:Baba Yaga
4053:mythology
3862:Spiritism
3852:Sex magic
3830:Shamanism
3825:Occultism
3780:Evocation
3775:Entheogen
3753:Damnation
3704:Practices
3321:1864-3396
3233:(2017) .
3204:166078608
3107:147626697
3091:Routledge
2962:Routledge
2888:142925825
2673:Crabb, G.
2540:Pasi 2006
2513:Pasi 2006
2414:Pasi 2006
2375:Pasi 2006
2283:Pasi 2006
2216:Pasi 2006
2197:Pasi 2006
2180:Pasi 2006
2143:Pasi 2006
2127:Pasi 2006
2057:Pasi 2006
1973:Pasi 2006
1960:Citations
1829:occulture
1823:Occulture
1801:The term
1782:Mesmerist
1754:occultism
1746:occultism
1567:Occultism
1553:magnetism
1441:occultism
1434:occultism
1410:occultism
1408:The term
1352:occultism
1341:Theosophy
1333:occultism
1318:occultism
1246:occultism
1231:astrology
1185:Etymology
1179:occulture
1176:neologism
1137:Theosophy
1090:occultism
1078:astrology
1068:The term
1055:mysticism
1027: or
919:Ibn Arabi
904:Gurdjieff
889:Dionysius
869:Blavatsky
830:Martinism
792:Sacrifice
752:Evocation
707:Theosophy
692:Mysticism
657:Astrology
358:Debunking
291:Telepathy
141:Ectoplasm
106:Cold spot
76:Astrology
4584:Pricking
4495:Scotland
4418:Virginia
4408:New York
4403:Maryland
4396:Americas
4145:Sorginak
4135:Pasiphaë
4027:Talisman
3997:Mojo bag
3945:Grimoire
3840:Regional
3785:Familiar
3748:Anathema
3664:Neopagan
3659:Medieval
3564:Akelarre
3082:Religion
2921:(2004).
2804:(1996).
2774:(2008).
2725:(1994).
2675:(1927).
1890:See also
1686:Buddhism
1682:Hinduism
1524:basis."
1422:esoteric
1216:esoteric
1195:occultus
1039:esoteric
1009:occultus
757:Exorcism
672:Kabbalah
612:a series
609:Part of
526:Hypnosis
433:Hypnosis
161:Forteana
151:Exorcism
49:a series
47:Part of
4623:Related
4567:Related
4485:Iceland
4480:Finland
4475:England
4470:Denmark
4434:Hungary
4130:Obayifo
4060:Agamede
4017:Potions
3950:Incense
3891:Objects
3711:Animism
3686:Warlock
3621:Oceania
3604:Britain
3159:(5â6).
2983:(ed.).
2868:Bibcode
1509:polemic
1389:author
1278:author
1235:alchemy
1172:culture
1153:New Age
1129:Qabalah
1082:alchemy
1016:
954:Steiner
934:Mathers
879:Crowley
702:Thelema
652:Alchemy
506:Fallacy
465:Related
301:Ufology
226:Psychic
186:Miracle
4691:Occult
4536:Basque
4521:Geneva
4516:France
4500:Sweden
4490:Norway
4465:Baltic
4449:Russia
4444:Poland
4345:Modern
4329:(1751)
4321:(1647)
4313:(1627)
4305:(1608)
4297:(1599)
4289:(1597)
4281:(1595)
4273:(1593)
4265:(1591)
4257:(1584)
4249:(1563)
4241:(1509)
4233:(1489)
4225:(1487)
4217:(1484)
4209:(1475)
4201:(1440)
4193:(1376)
4140:Sebile
4095:Hecate
4065:Aradia
4012:Poppet
4007:Nkondi
3920:Censer
3903:Athame
3898:Amulet
3857:Sigils
3845:Yellow
3654:Hoodoo
3649:Goetia
3626:MÄkutu
3554:Europe
3525:Azande
3520:Africa
3513:Region
3419:
3400:
3381:
3362:
3319:
3309:
3260:
3241:
3219:
3202:
3138:
3120:Berlin
3105:
3068:
3049:
3026:
3007:
2989:Leiden
2968:
2937:
2907:
2886:
2847:
2837:Leiden
2820:
2810:Leiden
2790:
2780:Oxford
2760:
2741:
2711:
2692:
2661:
1803:occult
1612:, and
1561:Newton
1557:Aether
1476:, and
1430:occult
1414:occult
1237:, and
1222:arcane
1203:occult
1168:occult
1147:, the
1084:, and
1032:secret
1022:hidden
1003:(from
1001:occult
949:Schuon
899:Guénon
841:Tariqa
697:Occult
662:Gnosis
423:Empath
191:Occult
51:on the
4670:Adept
4531:Spain
4526:Italy
4413:Salem
4368:Nepal
4363:India
4174:Major
4110:Medea
4105:Kalku
4085:Drude
4080:Dayan
4075:Circe
4002:Nkisi
3913:besom
3908:Broom
3835:Black
3765:Demon
3743:Curse
3738:Coven
3669:Wicca
3589:Völva
3584:SeiĂ°r
3559:Italy
3530:Ghana
3506:Types
3495:Magic
3443:ESSWE
3200:S2CID
3186:(2).
3152:Numen
3103:S2CID
3089:(3).
2884:S2CID
1940:Notes
1712:]
1537:magic
1462:Papus
1375:]
1326:Papus
1265:]
1193:word
1191:Latin
1145:Wicca
1106:Papus
1051:magic
1005:Latin
959:Waite
894:Evola
874:Böhme
677:Magic
328:World
313:India
201:Ouija
176:Magic
4100:Huld
4032:Wand
3800:Jinn
3758:Jinx
3637:Form
3542:Asia
3497:and
3417:ISBN
3398:ISBN
3379:ISBN
3360:ISBN
3317:ISSN
3307:ISBN
3258:ISBN
3239:ISBN
3217:ISBN
3136:ISBN
3066:ISBN
3047:ISBN
3024:ISBN
3005:ISBN
2966:ISBN
2935:ISBN
2905:ISBN
2845:ISBN
2818:ISBN
2788:ISBN
2758:ISBN
2739:ISBN
2709:ISBN
2690:ISBN
2659:ISBN
1770:emic
1765:etic
1758:type
1714:and
1698:yoga
1684:and
1656:and
1588:and
1432:and
1401:and
1324:and
1219:and
1199:lit.
1170:and
1104:and
1061:and
1053:and
1013:lit.
999:The
929:LĂ©vi
924:Jung
909:Hall
810:AâŽAâŽ
363:Hoax
81:Aura
39:Cult
3299:doi
3192:doi
3165:doi
3128:doi
3095:doi
2997:doi
2876:doi
2323:185
1989:107
1876:'s
1127:as
1041:or
884:Dee
196:Orb
4687::
3358:.
3315:.
3305:.
3198:.
3184:57
3182:.
3157:64
3155:.
3134:.
3126:.
3122::
3101:.
3087:46
3085:.
3045:.
3041:.
3003:.
2991::
2987:.
2960::
2956:.
2925:.
2903:.
2899:.
2882:.
2874:.
2864:24
2862:.
2839::
2835:.
2816:.
2812::
2786:.
2782::
2778:.
2737:.
2733::
2520:^
2421:^
2398:^
2235:^
2204:^
2187:^
2150:^
2115:^
2088:^
2005:60
1710:fr
1700:.
1628:.
1620:,
1608:,
1600:,
1596:,
1539:.
1480:.
1472:,
1468:,
1464:,
1373:fr
1366:,
1347:.
1328:,
1306:,
1263:fr
1241:.
1233:,
1197:;
1181:.
1159:.
1151:,
1143:,
1139:,
1135:,
1131:,
1112:.
1080:,
1065:.
1011:,
1007::
615:on
3487:e
3480:t
3473:v
3425:.
3406:.
3387:.
3368:.
3323:.
3301::
3266:.
3247:.
3225:.
3206:.
3194::
3171:.
3167::
3144:.
3130::
3109:.
3097::
3074:.
3055:.
3032:.
3013:.
2999::
2974:.
2943:.
2913:.
2890:.
2878::
2870::
2853:.
2826:.
2796:.
2766:.
2747:.
2717:.
2698:.
2667:.
2626:.
2503:.
2479:.
2467:.
2455:.
2353:.
2351:8
2337:.
2325:.
2019:.
2007:.
1991:.
1975:.
1035:'
1029:'
1025:'
1019:'
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41:.
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