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and to maintain their deterrent effect. The new law directs agencies to adjust their penalties for inflation each year. The maximum OSHA fine for a serious violation is $ 13,653 (which can be assessed daily after a failure to "abate" the violation) and the maximum fine for a repeat or willful violation is $ 136,532. In determining the amount of the proposed penalty, OSHA must take into account the gravity of the alleged violation and the employer’s size of business, good faith, and history of previous violations. Employers have the right to contest any part of the citation, including whether a violation actually exists. Workers only have the right to challenge the deadline by which a problem must be resolved. Appeals of citations are heard by the independent
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC).
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818:
health care reform, nuclear, pipeline, public transportation agency, maritime and securities laws. Unlike OSHA’s Safety
Enforcement complaints (or referrals) being completely anonymous, OSHA’s whistleblower investigations can not be anonymous as a Respondent is required to address all allegations of adverse actions taken against Complainant’s employment. Additionally, these whistleblower investigations follow the McDonnell-Douglas burden shifting framework. WPP’s Investigators conduct complex investigations pertaining to complaints of retaliation by an employer (Respondent) against an employee (Complainant) who reported a violation(s) covered under one of the 25 statutes.
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621:(PELs) to protect workers against the health effects of exposure to hazardous substances, including limits on the airborne concentrations of hazardous chemicals in the air. Most of OSHA’s PELs were issued shortly after the adoption of the OSH Act in 1970. Attempts to issue more stringent PELs have been blocked by litigation from the industry; thus, the vast majority of PELs have not been updated since 1971. The agency has issued non-binding, alternate occupational exposure limits that may better protect workers.
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management programs, OSHA’s On-site
Consultation Program conducts over 29,000 visits to small business worksites covering over 1.5 million workers across the nation. On-site consultation services are separate from enforcement and do not result in penalties or citations. Consultants from state agencies or universities work with employers to identify workplace hazards, provide advice on compliance with OSHA standards, and assist in establishing safety and health management programs.
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authority to promulgate standards that prescribe the methods employers are legally required to follow to protect their workers from hazards. Before OSHA can issue a standard, it must go through a very extensive and lengthy process that includes substantial public engagement, notice, and comment. The agency must show that a significant risk to workers exists and that there are feasible measures employers can take to protect their workers.
257:. In the 1960s, increasing economic expansion again led to rising injury rates, and the resulting political pressures led Congress to establish the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) on April 28, 1971, the date that the Occupational Health and Safety Act became effective. The new agency incorporated much of what had been the original Bureau of Labor Standards. George Guenther was appointed by Labor Secretary
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47:
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857:. Eligibility for participation includes, but is not limited to, receiving a full-service, comprehensive consultation visit, correcting all identified hazards, and developing an effective safety and health management program. Worksites that receive SHARP recognition are exempt from programmed inspections during the period that the SHARP certification is valid.
505:
eliminate or reduce hazards by making feasible changes in working conditions, rather than relying solely on personal protective equipment such as masks, gloves, or earplugs. Examples of effective ways to eliminate or reduce risks include switching to safer chemicals, enclosing processes to trap harmful fumes, or using ventilation systems to clean the air.
1218:
614:; prevent exposure to some infectious diseases; ensure the safety of workers who enter confined spaces; prevent exposure to harmful chemicals; put guards on dangerous machines; provide respirators or other safety equipment, and provide training for certain dangerous jobs in a language and vocabulary workers can understand.
887:"generally on methods that provide a credible basis for the determinations essential to rulemaking." Though it found that OSHA's findings and estimates are "subject to vigorous review and challenge", it stated that this is natural because "interested parties and experts involved in rulemakings have differing visions."
597:. Staffing agencies and host employers share joint accountability for temporary workers. Both entities are therefore obligated to comply with workplace health and safety requirements and ensure worker safety and health. OSHA could hold both the host and temporary employers responsible for any violations.
931:
investigation found that OSHA had failed to pursue prosecution "even when employers had been cited before for the very same safety violation" and even in cases where multiple workers died. In interviews, current and former OSHA officials said that the low rates of criminal enforcement were the result
886:
Much of the debate about OSHA regulations and enforcement policies revolve around the cost of regulations and enforcement, versus the actual benefit in reduced worker injury, illness, and death. A 1995 study of several OSHA standards by the Office of
Technology Assessment (OTA) found that OSHA relies
875:
found that OSHA's random workplace safety inspections caused a "9.4% decline in injury rates" and a "26% reduction in injury cost" for the inspected firms. The study found "no evidence that these improvements came at the expense of employment, sales, credit ratings, or firm survival." A 2020 study in
609:
The OSH Act's current
Construction, General Industry, Maritime, and Agriculture standards are designed to protect workers from a wide range of serious hazards. Examples of OSHA standards include requirements for employers to provide fall protection such as a safety harness/line or guardrails; prevent
504:
By law, employers must provide their workers with a workplace that does not have serious hazards, and they must follow all OSH Act safety and health standards. Employers are obligated to identify and rectify safety and health problems. The OSH Act further requires that employers must first attempt to
465:
Federal agencies must have a safety and health program that meets the same standards as private employers. OSHA issues “virtual fines” to federal agencies – following an inspection where violations are found, OSHA issues a press release stating the size of the fine would be if the federal agency were
461:
OSHA’s protection applies to all federal agencies. Section 19 of the OSH Act makes federal agency heads responsible for providing safe and healthful working conditions for their workers. OSHA conducts inspections of federal facilities in response to workers' reports of hazards and under programs that
264:
OSHA has run a number of training, compliance assistance, and health and safety recognition programs throughout its history. The OSHA Training
Institute, which trains government and private sector health and safety personnel, began in 1972. In 1978, the agency began a grant-making program, now called
922:
investigation in 2003 showed that over the 20-year period from 1982 to 2002, 2,197 workers died in 1,242 incidents in which OSHA investigators concluded that employers had willfully violated workplace safety laws. In 93% of these fatality cases arising from wilful violation, OSHA made no referral to
804:
Tracking and investigating workplace injuries and illnesses play an important role in preventing future injuries and illnesses. Under OSHA’s
Recordkeeping regulation, certain covered employers in high-hazard industries are required to prepare and maintain records of serious occupational injuries and
882:
found that the decision by the Obama administration to issue press releases that named and shamed facilities that violated OSHA safety and health regulations led other facilities to increase their compliance and to experience fewer workplace injuries. The study estimated that each press release had
845:
The
Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) recognizes employers and workers in private industry and federal agencies who have implemented effective safety and health management programs and maintain injury and illness rates below the national average for their respective industries. In VPP, management,
725:
Current workers or their representatives may file a complaint and ask OSHA to inspect their workplace if they believe that there is a serious hazard or that their employer is not following OSHA standards. Workers and their representatives have the right to ask for an inspection without OSHA telling
709:
OSHA is responsible for enforcing its standards on regulated entities. Compliance Safety and Health
Officers carry out inspections and assess fines for regulatory violations. Inspections are planned for worksites in particularly hazardous industries. Inspections can also be triggered by a workplace
817:
OSHA’s
Whistleblower Protection Program (WPP) enforces the whistleblower provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and 24 other statutes protecting workers who report violations of various airline, commercial motor carrier, consumer product, environmental, financial reform, food safety,
733:
OSHA’s fines are very low compared with other government agencies. They were raised for the first time since 1990 on August 2, 2016, to comply with the 2015 Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act passed by Congress to advance the effectiveness of civil monetary penalties
252:
of the Department of Labor has worked on some work safety issues since its creation in 1934. Economic boom and associated labor turnover during World War II worsened work safety in nearly all areas of the United States economy, but after 1945 accidents again declined as long-term forces reasserted
890:
OSHA has come under considerable criticism for the ineffectiveness of its penalties, particularly its criminal penalties. The maximum penalty is a misdemeanor with a maximum of 6 months in jail. In response to the criticism, OSHA, in conjunction with the Department of Justice, has pursued several
860:
OSHA also provides compliance assistance through its national and area offices. Through hundreds of publications in a variety of languages, website safety, and health topics pages, and through compliance assistance staff, OSHA provides information to employers and workers on specific hazards and
605:
The Occupational Safety and Health Act grants OSHA the authority to issue workplace health and safety regulations. These regulations include limits on hazardous chemical exposure, employee access to hazard information, requirements for the use of personal protective equipment, and requirements to
849:
OSHA’s On-site Consultation Program offers free and confidential advice to small and medium-sized businesses in all states across the country, with priority given to high-hazard worksites. Each year, responding to requests from small employers looking to create or improve their safety and health
841:
The OSHA Training Institute, which trains government and private sector health and safety personnel, began in 1972. In 1978, the agency began a grant-making program, now called the Susan Harwood Training Grant Program, to train workers and employers in identifying and reducing workplace hazards.
325:
State plans are OSHA-approved job safety and health programs operated by individual states instead of federal OSHA. Federal OSHA approves and monitors all state plans and provides as much as fifty percent of the funding for each program. State-run safety and health programs are required to be at
821:
WPP Investigators act as neutral fact-finders; they do not work for either the Complainant or Respondent. A WPP Investigator’s job is to impartially gather and analyze all relevant evidence to determine whether unlawful whistleblower retaliation has occurred. Over the years, OSHA’s WPP has been
721:
Enforcement plays an important part in OSHA's efforts to reduce workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. Inspections are initiated without advance notice, conducted using on-site or telephone and facsimile investigations, performed by trained compliance officers and scheduled based on the
628:
In its first year of operation, OSHA was permitted to adopt regulations based on guidelines set by certain standards organizations, such as the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, without going through all of the requirements of a typical rule-making. OSHA is granted the
713:
OSHA is a small agency, given the size of its mission: with its state partners, OSHA has approximately 2,400 inspectors covering more than 8 million workplaces where 130 million workers are employed. In Fiscal Year 2012 (ending Sept. 30), OSHA and its state partners conducted more than 83,000
428:
Workers at state and local government agencies are not covered by federal OSHA but have OSH Act protections if they work in those states that have an OSHA-approved state program. OSH Act rules also permit states and territories to develop plans that cover only public sector (state and local
808:
Employers with more than ten employees and whose establishments are not classified as a partially exempt industry must record serious work-related injuries and illnesses using OSHA Forms 300, 300A and 301. Recordkeeping forms, requirements, and exemption information are on OSHA’s website.
235:
signed into law on December 29, 1970. OSHA's mission is to "assure safe and healthy working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance." The agency is also charged with enforcing a variety of
265:
the Susan Harwood Training Grant Program, to train workers and employers in reducing workplace hazards. OSHA started the Voluntary Protection Programs in 1982, which allow employers to apply as "model workplaces" to achieve special designation if they meet certain requirements.
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of "a bureaucracy that works at every level to thwart criminal referrals. ... that fails to reward, and sometimes penalizes, those who push too hard for prosecution" and that " aggressive enforcement suffocated by endless layers of review.
624:
Employers must also comply with the General Duty Clause of the OSH Act. This clause requires employers to keep their workplaces free of serious recognized hazards and is generally cited when no specific OSHA standard applies to the hazard.
273:
The OSH Act covers most private-sector employers and their workers, in addition to some public-sector employers and workers in the 50 states and certain territories and jurisdictions under federal authority. Those jurisdictions include the
729:
When an inspector finds violations of OSHA standards or serious hazards, OSHA may issue citations and fines. A citation includes methods an employer may use to fix a problem and the date by which the corrective actions must be completed.
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labor, and OSHA work cooperatively and proactively to prevent fatalities, injuries, and illnesses through a system focused on: hazard prevention and control, worksite analysis, training, and management commitment and worker involvement.
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government) workers. In these cases, private sector workers and employers remain under federal OSHA jurisdiction. Five additional states and one U.S. territory have OSHA-approved state plans that cover public sector workers only:
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appointee Carolyn Merritt said: "The basic disappointment has been this attitude of no new regulation. They don't want the industry to be pestered. In some instances, the industry has to be pestered in order to comply."
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illnesses. This information is important for employers, workers, and OSHA in evaluating the safety of a workplace, understanding industry hazards, and implementing worker protections to reduce and eliminate hazards.
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their employer who filed the complaint. It is a violation of the OSH Act for an employer to fire, demote, transfer or in any way discriminate against a worker for filing a complaint or using other OSHA rights.
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following priorities : imminent danger; catastrophes – fatalities or hospitalizations; worker complaints and referrals; targeted inspections – particular hazards, high injury rates; and follow-up inspections.
567:
Receive information and training about hazards, methods to prevent harm, and the OSH Act standards that apply to their workplace. The training must be conducted in a language and vocabulary that workers can
2737:
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responsible for enforcing these laws that protect the rights of workers to speak up without fear of retaliation, regardless of the relationship of these laws to occupational safety and health matters.
753:, resisted initiating and enforcing measures to protect workers and the community. The plant was fined $ 13,494 – the maximum allowed at the time – by OSHA for what was considered a single violation.
240:
statutes and regulations. OSHA's workplace safety inspections have been shown to reduce injury rates and injury costs without adverse effects on employment, sales, credit ratings, or firm survival.
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File a complaint with OSHA if they have faced retaliation or discrimination from their employer as a result of requesting an inspection or exercising any of their other rights under the OSH Act.
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to make it a felony with much higher penalties to commit a willful violation that results in the death of a worker. Some local prosecutors are charging company executives with
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Levine, David I.; Toffel, Michael W.; Johnson, Matthew S. (May 18, 2012). "Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss".
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The OSH Act does not cover the self-employed, immediate family members of farm employers, or workplace hazards regulated by another federal agency (for example, the
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Federal OSHA provides coverage to certain workplaces specifically excluded from a state’s plan, such as work in maritime industries or on military bases.
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File a complaint if punished or retaliated against for acting as a 'whistleblower' under the 21 additional federal laws for which OSHA has jurisdiction.
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Inform workers about chemical hazards through training, labels, alarms, color-coded systems, chemical information sheets, and other relevant methods..
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Not retaliate or discriminate against workers for using their rights under the law, including their right to report a work-related injury or illness.
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Prominently display the official OSHA Job Safety and Health – It’s the Law poster that describes rights and responsibilities under the OSH Act.
1824:"Final Rule to Update General Industry Walking-Working Surfaces and Fall Protection Standards – Occupational Safety and Health Administration"
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1977:
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OSHA carries out its enforcement activities through its 10 regional offices and 85 area offices. OSHA’s regional offices are located in
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high-profile criminal prosecutions for violations under the Act and has announced a joint enforcement initiative between OSHA and the
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2224:"Gauging Control Technology and Regulatory Impacts in Occupational Safety and Health: An Appraisal of OSHA's Analytic Approach"
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OSHA has developed several training, compliance assistance, and health and safety recognition programs throughout its history.
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OSHA has also been criticized for taking too long to develop new regulations. For instance, speaking about OSHA under the
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Notify OSHA within eight hours of a workplace fatality and within 24 hours of all work-related inpatient hospitalizations.
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inspections of workplaces across the United States — just a fraction of the nation’s worksites. According to a report by
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Receive copies of the results from tests and monitoring conducted to identify and measure hazards in their workplace.
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themselves. Additionally, new and powerful labor unions played an increasingly important role in worker safety post-
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1774:"US Department of Labor announces proposed rule to reduce silica dust exposure, better protect miners' health"
644:, is the first instance that Congress has successfully used the Congressional Review Act to block regulation.
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2014: Revision to Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution; Electrical Protective Equipment
322:, and other U.S. jurisdictions—either directly through federal OSHA or through an OSHA-approved state plan.
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2158:"Regulation by Shaming: Deterrence Effects of Publicizing Violations of Workplace Safety and Health Laws"
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pandemic caused about 1,300 workers and their families to contract the virus, with four deaths, at the
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at no cost to workers, as employers must pay for most types of required personal protective equipment.
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Post OSHA citations and annually post injury and illness summary data where workers can see them.
410:
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Under the consultation program, certain exemplary employers may request participation in OSHA’s
571:
Receive copies of records of work-related injuries and illnesses that occur in their workplace.
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The director of OSHA is the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health.
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895:(EPA) which has the ability to issue much higher fines than OSHA. Meanwhile, Congressional
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2332:"Occupational Safety & Health Administration Former Assistant Secretaries (1971–2009)"
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1773:
1470:"Section 19 of the OSHA Act of 1970: Federal Agency Safety Programs and Responsibilities"
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Perform tests in the workplace, such as air sampling, required by some OSH Act standards.
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After COVID-19 outbreak kills 4, Smithfield meat plant in South Dakota fined $ 13,494
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1714:
1455:
789:
761:
700:
2016: Update General Industry Walking-Working Surfaces and Fall Protection Standards
237:
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Provide safety training to workers in a language and vocabulary they can understand.
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1982:
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1941:
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718:, it would take OSHA 129 years to inspect all workplaces under its jurisdiction.
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Provide hearing exams or other medical tests when required by OSH Act standards.
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386:
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that originally had federal visitorial powers to inspect and examine workplaces.
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1086:
Loren Sweatt (Acting, September 2017 – November 2017; February 2018 – May 2019)
640:. The repeal, one of the first major pieces of legislation signed by President
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1371:"Records of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]"
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1332:
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580:
Participate in an OSHA inspection and speak in private with the inspector.
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a private sector employer. Under a 1998 amendment, the OSH Act covers the
329:
The following 22 states or territories have OSHA-approved state programs:
46:
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903:, and community safety and health advocates are attempting to revise the
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2031:"OSHA Injury and Illnesses and Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements"
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Bert Concklin & Marshall Miller (Acting, July 1975 – December 1975)
793:
773:
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414:
402:
346:
334:
318:
The OSH Act covers most private sector employers in all 50 states, the
3051:
Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro
2271:"The Possible Legal Consequences of Circumventing Occupational Safety"
2223:
1631:
1483:
710:
fatality, multiple hospitalizations, worker complaints, or referrals.
663:
2006: Assigned Protection Factors for Respiratory Protection Equipment
3161:
2389:
1934:"Employer's Rights and Responsibilities Following an OSHA Inspection"
1715:"Preventing occupational illnesses through safer chemical management"
1673:
1169:
785:
777:
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382:
370:
342:
330:
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2002: Exit Routes, Emergency Action Plans, and Fire Prevention Plans
1578:"OSHA Injury and Illness Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements"
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829:
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1966:, Chacour Koop, September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
1886:
1799:"Alabama Brickmaker Gets 11 OSHA Citations Over Respiratory Risk"
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939:
presidency on the specific issue of combustible dust explosions,
691:
2014: New Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements for Employers
398:
350:
291:
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2398:
2093:
2091:
1065:
Thomas M. Stohler (Acting, November 7, 2008 – January 20, 2009)
1978:"Noem 'disappointed' Smithfield isn't sharing reopening plans"
606:
prevent falls and hazards from operating dangerous equipment.
1399:"History of Workplace Safety in the United States, 1880–1970"
521:
Keep accurate records of work-related injuries and illnesses.
1005:(Recess appointment; never confirmed, July 1984 – July 1985)
834:
Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) Star Demonstration banner
697:
2016: Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica
632:
In 2000, OSHA issued an ergonomics standard. In March 2001,
1909:"Penalties for Violating OSHA's Proposed "Vaccine Mandate""
1859:"Death on the Job: the Toll of Neglect. 20th Edition, 2011"
1839:
1837:
1259:"Regulatory Monitors: Policing Firms in the Compliance Era"
672:
2007: Personal Protective Equipment Payment (Clarification)
557:
Working conditions that do not pose a risk of serious harm.
310:
Lands as defined in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act.
204:
198:
1038:
Gregory R. Watchman (Acting, January 1997 – November 1997)
201:
4380:
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
855:
Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP)
4447:
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972
4244:
Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
2367:
1393:
1391:
1054:
Jonathan L. Snare (Acting, January 2005 – April 3, 2006)
168:
1159:
Voluntary Protection Programs Participants' Association
1091:
James Frederick (Acting, April 2021 – 3, November 2021)
1070:
Donald Shalhoub (Acting, January 20, 2009 – April 2009)
1025:
Dorothy L. Strunk (Acting, January 1992 – January 1993)
4293:
Emergency Daylight Saving Time Energy Conservation Act
4145:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
3074:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1175:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
647:
Since 2001, OSHA has issued the following standards:
501:
have the responsibility to provide a safe workplace.
34:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2498:
Center for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
1075:
Jordan Barab (Acting, April 2009 – December 8, 2009)
1030:
David Zeigler (Acting, January 1993 – November 1993)
1017:
Alan C. McMillan (Acting, April 1989 – October 1989)
960:
M. Chain Robbins (Acting, January 1973 – April 1973)
4484:
4309:
4265:
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972
4069:
3921:
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants
3868:
3691:
3546:
3293:
3247:
3124:
3087:
3037:
3011:
2999:
2953:
2876:
2631:
2468:
2113:"Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program"
1425:. Department of Labor. January 2009. Archived from
1206:
U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
1046:
R. Davis Layne (Acting, January 2001 – August 2001)
195:
163:
153:
136:
128:
120:
106:
96:
58:
53:
3260:Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)
3045:Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
2336:U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
2245:"OSHA Administrative Penalty Information Bulletin"
2198:"When It Comes to Workplace Safety, Shaming Works"
1042:Charles N. Jeffress (November 1997 – January 2001)
883:the same effect on compliance as 210 inspections.
660:2006: Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium
577:Receive copies of their workplace medical records.
2288:U.S. Rarely Seeks Charges For Deaths in Workplace
1693:. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett. p. 226.
987:David Zeigler (Acting, January 1981 – March 1981)
976:Bert Concklin (Acting, January 1977 - April 1977)
3057:National Institute for Safety and Health at Work
2233:. US Government Printing Office. September 1995.
1760:"Permissible Exposure Limits – Annotated Tables"
1646:"How to File a Confidential Complaint with OSHA"
1021:Gerard F. Scannell (October 1989 – January 1992)
326:least as effective as the federal OSHA program.
4410:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4272:Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973
3105:Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981
2005:"Smithfield plant linked to 600 COVID-19 cases"
1732:Hill, Robert H. Jr.; Finster, David C. (2016).
4094:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
2534:Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
2231:US Government, Office of Technology Assessment
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
998:Patrick Tyson (Acting, April 1984 – July 1984)
4650:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
4152:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
3523:
3069:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
3019:European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
2609:
2526:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
2410:
1241:"FY 2015 Department of Labor Budget in Brief"
1227:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1050:John L. Henshaw (August 2001 – December 2004)
1034:Joseph A. Dear (November 1993 – January 1997)
893:United States Environmental Protection Agency
681:2010: General Working Conditions in Shipyards
494:Rights and responsibilities under OSH Act law
183:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
40:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
30:European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
8:
4675:Occupational safety and health organizations
1592:"Job Safety and Health: It's the Law Poster"
1009:Patrick Tyson (Acting, July 1985 – May 1986)
39:
4366:Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act
3979:Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973
3944:Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974
2354:Department of Labor Budget in Brief, FY2013
2058:
2056:
2054:
1139:Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations
1013:John A. Pendergrass (May 1986 – March 1989)
972:Morton Corn, (December 1975 – January 1977)
956:George Guenther (April 1971 – January 1973)
688:Update to the Hazard Communication Standard
21:"OSHA" redirects here. For other uses, see
4670:United States Department of Labor agencies
4212:Securities Investor Protection Corporation
3530:
3516:
3508:
3008:
2713:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung")
2616:
2602:
2594:
2417:
2403:
2395:
2282:
2280:
1544:"Personal Protective Equipment fact sheet"
1512:"OSHA Training Standards Policy Statement"
4182:Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act
2564:Veterans' Employment and Training Service
2508:Employee Benefits Security Administration
2173:
678:2010: Cranes and Derricks in Construction
636:voted to repeal the standard through the
470:the same as any private sector employer.
4680:Industrial and organizational psychology
4655:1970 establishments in the United States
3951:Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
3501:) is being considered for deletion. See
2559:Office of Workers' Compensation Programs
2306:"Is Enough Done To Stop Explosive Dust?"
1735:Laboratory Safety for Chemistry Students
4660:Government agencies established in 1970
4475:Water Resources Development Act of 1974
4300:Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act
4189:Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970
4168:U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
3239:Immediately dangerous to life or health
1526:"Personal Protective Equipment Booklet"
1232:
462:target high-hazard federal workplaces.
101:Federal government of the United States
18:United States federal regulatory agency
4373:National Ambient Air Quality Standards
4051:Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970
3426:Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19
2698:Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy
2530:Office of Disability Employment Policy
2516:Employment and Training Administration
1738:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 103.
1618:"The Whistleblower Protection Program"
1452:"What is an OSHA-Approved State Plan?"
38:
4329:Environmental Quality Improvement Act
4101:Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970
3986:Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
2521:Mine Safety and Health Administration
2503:Employees' Compensation Appeals Board
2488:Bureau of International Labor Affairs
1953:
1951:
1164:Mine Safety and Health Administration
1082:(December 8, 2009 – January 10, 2017)
964:John Stender (April 1973 – July 1975)
480:Mine Safety and Health Administration
28:Not to be confused with EU-OSHA, the
7:
3891:Minority Business Development Agency
3473:
3116:Working Environment Convention, 1977
2544:Office of Labor-Management Standards
1306:
1304:
1302:
1144:American Society of Safety Engineers
4433:Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
4198:Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act
3905:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
3836:Prevention of Nuclear War Agreement
3285:Workers' right to access the toilet
2512:Office of Administrative Law Judges
2127:"Compliance Assistance Quick Start"
1976:Mitchell, Trevor J. (May 4, 2020).
560:File a confidential complaint with
4286:Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act
4205:Securities Investor Protection Act
4138:Occupational Safety and Health Act
4122:Economic Stabilization Act of 1970
4044:District of Columbia Home Rule Act
3356:International Chemical Safety Card
2375:Occupational Safety and Health Act
1690:Understanding Environmental Health
1225:from websites or documents of the
1061:(April 3, 2006 – November 7, 2008)
861:OSHA rights and responsibilities.
657:2004: Fire Protection in Shipyards
654:2004: Commercial Diving Operations
564:to have their workplace inspected.
229:Occupational Safety and Health Act
14:
4401:Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970
4336:National Environmental Policy Act
3505:to help reach a consensus. ›
3366:National Day of Mourning (Canada)
3024:International Labour Organization
2426:United States Department of Labor
227:established the agency under the
218:United States Department of Labor
158:United States Department of Labor
4387:New Source Performance Standards
4322:Council on Environmental Quality
3472:
3444:
3443:
2582:
2011:. Postmedia News. April 17, 2020
1257:Van Loo, Rory (August 1, 2018).
1221: This article incorporates
1216:
1123:
1109:
915:leads to the death of a worker.
813:Whistleblower Protection Program
668:Electrical Installation Standard
261:as the agency's first director.
191:
45:
4424:Coastal Zone Management Program
4345:Environmental Protection Agency
4108:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973
4023:Federal Contested Elections Act
4007:Drug Enforcement Administration
3965:End Stage Renal Disease Program
2390:Statute Compilations collection
1420:"Reflections on OSHA's History"
4461:Endangered Species Act of 1973
4454:Endangered Species Act of 1969
4058:Congressional Research Service
3638:VP confirmation of Gerald Ford
3321:Environment, health and safety
2976:Occupational health psychology
2625:Occupational safety and health
2304:Pelley, Scott (June 8, 2008).
2099:"On-site Consultation Program"
1186:Occupational safety and health
927:for criminal prosecution. The
76:(as Bureau of Labor Standards)
1:
4279:Federal Energy Administration
4030:Federal Election Campaign Act
3815:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
3192:Personal protective equipment
2945:Workplace health surveillance
1687:Maxwell, Nancy Irwin (2014).
983:, (April 1977 – January 1981)
529:personal protective equipment
474:Not covered under the OSH Act
4440:Marine Mammal Protection Act
4352:Clean Air Amendments of 1970
3972:Supplemental Security Income
3914:Education Amendments of 1972
3234:Standard operating procedure
3167:Hierarchy of hazard controls
2920:Hierarchy of hazard controls
2156:Johnson, Matthew S. (2020).
1098:(November 3, 2021 – present)
4417:Coastal Zone Management Act
4175:Consumer Product Safety Act
3958:National Cancer Act of 1971
3596:1970 Lincoln Memorial visit
3539:Presidency of Richard Nixon
3498:Presidency of Richard Nixon
3371:NIOSH air filtration rating
3063:Health and Safety Executive
2971:Occupational health nursing
2935:Occupational exposure limit
2773:Hospital-acquired infection
2738:Exposure to human nail dust
2549:Office of Public Engagement
2539:Office of Inspector General
2478:Administrative Review Board
1498:"Employer Responsibilities"
994:, (March 1981 – April 1984)
800:Record keeping requirements
675:2008: Vertical Tandem Lifts
619:permissible exposure limits
601:Health and safety standards
457:Federal government agencies
424:State and local governments
231:(OSH Act), which President
67:; 90 years ago
4701:
4579:Senate Watergate Committee
4159:Permissible exposure limit
3937:Rehabilitation Act of 1973
3682:Presidential Proclamations
3431:Workplace health promotion
3336:Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster
3110:Worker Protection Standard
2813:Noise-induced hearing loss
2493:Bureau of Labor Statistics
1845:"Commonly Used Statistics"
1674:"OSHA Law and Regulations"
1201:Regulatory Flexibility Act
925:U.S. Department of Justice
27:
20:
4611:
4468:Oil Pollution Act of 1973
4087:Fair Credit Reporting Act
3884:Revised Philadelphia Plan
3843:Threshold Test Ban Treaty
3439:
3029:World Health Organization
2940:Occupational epidemiology
2925:Prevention through design
2783:Laboratory animal allergy
2708:Chimney sweeps' carcinoma
2683:Byssinosis ("brown lung")
2580:
2470:Deputy Secretary of Labor
2460:Deputy Secretary of Labor
2432:
747:Sioux Falls, South Dakota
250:Bureau of Labor Standards
44:
4618:← Johnson administration
4251:Agricultural Act of 1970
3794:1973 Chilean coup d'état
3503:templates for discussion
3346:Hostile work environment
3326:Environmental toxicology
3219:Redundancy (engineering)
2833:Repetitive strain injury
2439:Frances Perkins Building
2162:American Economic Review
1149:Construction site safety
911:and other felonies when
879:American Economic Review
638:Congressional Review Act
314:Private sector employers
296:Northern Mariana Islands
111:Frances Perkins Building
4516:Saturday Night Massacre
4258:Farm Credit Act of 1971
4228:Alternative minimum tax
3391:Quality of working life
3177:Administrative controls
2554:Office of the Solicitor
1333:10.1126/science.1215191
1181:National Safety Council
308:Outer Continental Shelf
4570:United States v. Nixon
4221:Tax Reform Act of 1969
3898:Native American policy
3877:Family Assistance Plan
2986:Occupational therapist
2966:Industrial engineering
2758:Glassblower's cataract
2723:Decompression sickness
2569:Wage and Hour Division
2045:"OSHA 30 Construction"
1472:. Department of Labor.
1223:public domain material
835:
617:OSHA sets enforceable
225:United States Congress
81:; 53 years ago
4627:Ford administration →
4129:Smithsonian Agreement
3652:Judicial appointments
3456:Occupational diseases
3421:Workers' compensation
2981:Occupational medicine
2843:Silo-filler's disease
2808:Mule spinners' cancer
2483:Benefits Review Board
1803:news.bloomberglaw.com
1191:Occupational fatality
941:Chemical Safety Board
833:
826:Compliance assistance
593:must be treated like
527:Provide the required
146:, Assistant Secretary
23:OSHA (disambiguation)
4532:White House Plumbers
3182:Engineering controls
3157:Emergency evacuation
2961:Environmental health
2728:De Quervain syndrome
2718:Concussions in sport
2385:) as amended in the
2294:(December 22, 2003).
2175:10.1257/aer.20180501
1117:United States portal
1059:Edwin G. Foulke, Jr.
484:Department of Energy
320:District of Columbia
276:District of Columbia
132:$ 591,787,000 (2021)
4586:impeachment process
4502:Operation Sandwedge
4237:Revenue Act of 1971
4037:1970 VRA Amendments
3785:Shanghai Communiqué
3778:1972 visit to China
3730:Paris Peace Accords
3702:International trips
3582:Second inauguration
3316:Effects of overtime
3199:Job safety analysis
3187:Hazard substitution
3152:Emergency procedure
2930:Exposure assessment
2915:Occupational stress
2908:Psychosocial hazard
2888:Occupational hazard
2753:Flock worker's lung
1944:on August 31, 2014.
1938:Department of Labor
1660:"Temporary Workers"
1325:2012Sci...336..907L
1263:Faculty Scholarship
913:criminal negligence
595:permanent employees
553:have the right to:
468:U.S. Postal Service
79:April 28, 1971
41:
4685:Safety occupations
4509:Operation Gemstone
3808:1972 Moscow Summit
3564:First inauguration
3351:Indoor air quality
3255:Diving regulations
3172:Hazard elimination
2991:Safety engineering
2451:Secretary of Labor
1561:"OSHA Inspections"
1532:on March 18, 2015.
836:
4637:
4636:
4562:White House tapes
4553:list of opponents
4394:Noise Control Act
3993:Shafer Commission
3859:Space exploration
3829:Washington Summit
3723:Cambodian bombing
3631:1974 SOTU Address
3624:1973 SOTU Address
3617:1972 SOTU Address
3610:1971 SOTU Address
3603:1970 SOTU Address
3572:Bring Us Together
3488:
3487:
3401:Safety data sheet
3214:Operations manual
3095:Bangladesh Accord
3083:
3082:
2893:Biological hazard
2591:
2590:
1875:on March 3, 2016.
1632:"Worker's Rights"
1484:"Who OSHA Covers"
1319:(6083): 907–911.
1096:Douglas L. Parker
1003:Robert A. Rowland
992:Thorne G. Auchter
745:packing plant in
591:Temporary workers
214:regulatory agency
179:
178:
154:Parent department
144:Douglas L. Parker
4692:
4630:
4621:
4604:
4597:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4564:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4230:
4223:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4080:Bank Secrecy Act
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3861:
3854:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3764:
3757:
3748:
3741:
3738:Peace with Honor
3732:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3684:
3677:
3675:Executive Orders
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3559:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3509:
3476:
3475:
3447:
3446:
3142:Contingency plan
3137:Code of practice
3009:
2803:Metal fume fever
2618:
2611:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2585:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2396:
2371:
2370:
2368:Official website
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2301:
2295:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2251:on April 2, 2015
2247:. Archived from
2241:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2168:(6): 1866–1904.
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2137:on April 7, 2015
2133:. Archived from
2123:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2076:on June 22, 2018
2075:
2069:. Archived from
2068:
2060:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1973:
1967:
1963:Kansas City Star
1955:
1946:
1945:
1940:. Archived from
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1868:. Archived from
1863:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1528:. Archived from
1522:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1458:on May 13, 2015.
1454:. Archived from
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1432:on June 22, 2018
1431:
1424:
1416:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1375:www.archives.gov
1367:
1361:
1360:
1308:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1283:. Archived from
1277:
1271:
1270:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1237:
1220:
1219:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1112:
869:A 2012 study in
749:. The governor,
743:Smithfield Foods
269:OSH Act coverage
259:James D. Hodgson
233:Richard M. Nixon
211:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
175:
172:
170:
137:Agency executive
115:Washington, D.C.
89:
87:
82:
75:
73:
68:
49:
42:
32:; or NIOSH, the
4700:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4624:
4615:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4584:
4577:
4567:
4560:
4551:
4544:
4539:Watergate Seven
4537:
4530:
4523:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4359:Clean Water Act
4357:
4350:
4343:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4226:
4219:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4071:Economic policy
4065:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:Cannabis policy
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3869:Domestic policy
3864:
3857:
3852:Operation CHAOS
3850:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3783:
3776:
3771:Tar Baby option
3769:
3760:
3755:Cold War period
3753:
3744:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3589:Silent majority
3587:
3580:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3542:
3536:
3506:
3489:
3484:
3435:
3416:Toxic workplace
3396:Risk management
3289:
3243:
3224:Risk assessment
3120:
3079:
3033:
3004:
2995:
2949:
2903:Physical hazard
2898:Chemical hazard
2879:
2872:
2637:
2634:
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3645:Wilson desk
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3491:‹ The
3311:Drug policy
3248:Legislation
2954:Professions
2778:Indium lung
2673:Brucellosis
2668:Berylliosis
1196:Oregon OSHA
782:Kansas City
751:Kristi Noem
705:Enforcement
568:understand.
511:must also:
488:Coast Guard
431:Connecticut
387:Puerto Rico
300:Wake Island
280:Puerto Rico
4644:Categories
3557:Transition
3411:Toxic tort
3361:Job strain
3331:Ergonomics
3306:Break room
2828:Radium jaw
2818:Phossy jaw
2693:Chalicosis
2663:Barotrauma
2653:Asbestosis
2310:60 Minutes
2141:August 19,
2064:"Layout 1"
1380:January 6,
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610:trenching
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411:Washington
375:New Mexico
339:California
306:, and the
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4486:Watergate
3132:Checklist
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3088:Standards
2838:Silicosis
2648:Acrodynia
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2184:0002-8282
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509:Employers
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3548:Timeline
3493:template
3461:Journals
3450:Category
3376:Overwork
3294:See also
3047:(Canada)
3038:National
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363:Michigan
359:Maryland
355:Kentucky
3801:Détente
3495:below (
3479:Commons
3059:(Spain)
3053:(Italy)
2880:hygiene
2678:Burnout
2383:details
2341:May 11,
2316:June 9,
2208:May 28,
2080:June 9,
1866:AFL-CIO
1321:Bibcode
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716:AFL–CIO
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335:Arizona
244:History
216:of the
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164:Website
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