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made under the act. Inspectors are empowered demand documents, take samples, open containers, or copy data from any place or ship that may have an effect on the marine ecosystem. Inspectors may seize illegal goods found during inspections, and seized goods, unless found to be unlawfully taken by the
196:
The minister is responsible for creation of a national oceans strategy, a document which outlines how the government will protect oceans while integrating management of the ocean and its sources for economic purposes. It furthermore empowers the minister to make "integrated management plans", plans
224:. Inspectors are empowered to enter private property and travel through private property, but may not enter dwellings without a warrant. Inspectors are allowed to redirect ships, and may impound ships for up to 30 days without a charge being laid. They are also allowed to issue
154:
which the Oceans Act superseded. The 1970 Act established the
Canadian adherence to measuring waters by establishing a shore baseline, and measuring outward, with specific determinations delegated to the Fisheries minister, and was superseded in 1996.
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208:. This is distinct from the process to create marine conservation areas, which is governed under its own specific act and more closely deals with properties that are owned directly by the government as crown waters.
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138:, and other maritime boundaries. It additionally governs the creation of marine protected zones, the powers of the Canadian Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, and houses the legislative enactment the
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and scientific studies; Section 44 establishes the minister's authority to require foreign ships in
Canadian waters to provide any research data collected in Canadian waters to the government.
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Part III of the Act deals with the powers of the minister. Section 41 establishes the objectives of the Coast Guard
Services, including assisting in navigation, icebreaking, enforcement, and
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662:
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Canadian
Geographic has found that some older than 2022 Marine Protected Areas under the act do not have strong protections against certain kinds of economic activity, including
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if a marine area meets one of six categories that merit protection, such as for conservation of fisheries, protection of unique habitats, or the protection of other
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257:, and while the Act largely aligns with the convention's instructions for measuring territorial waters, the Act does not defer to United Nations definitions of
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Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna
Secretariat (2000). A Summary of Legal Instruments and National Framework for Arctic Marine Conservation. Page 18.
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The act finally also provides the authority of the government to create financial penalties for non-compliance with the act. The Act interfaces with the
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for damages to Canada's territorial waters. It also provides for certain criminal penalties and rules for legal proceedings under the act.
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276:. This led to the opening of the St. Lawrence protected area to oil and gas exploration, though development has not yet occurred.
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The Oceans Act is the key mechanism by which the
Trudeau ministry has committed to protecting 30% of Canadian waters by 2030.
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https://www.caff.is/assessment-series/42-a-summary-of-legal-instruments-and-national-frameworks-for-arctic-marine-conserv
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The Act, though enacted 1997, was noted by the Globe and Mail for not leading to a single Marine
Protected Zone by 2002.
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In April 1996, the Act was introduced as Bill C-26 in the House of
Commons by the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans,
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Canada has only made formal claims to territorial waters in legislation since 1970, under the
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626:"Trudeau government proposes opening St. Lawrence marine protected area to oil exploration"
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The Act was unedited between 2005 and 2014, but received multiple updates during the
539:"Consolidated federal laws of canada, Canada National Marine Conservation Areas Act"
419:"Debates (Hansard) No. 120A - December 18, 1996 (35-2) - House of Commons of Canada"
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83:
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390:"Debates (Hansard) No. 87 - October 21, 1996 (35-2) - House of Commons of Canada"
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361:"Debates (Hansard) No. 27 - April 17, 1996 (35-2) - House of Commons of Canada"
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47:
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597:"Marine protected areas in Canada may not be as protected as we think"
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on
October 26, 1996, and received Royal Assent in Mid-December 1996.
655:"Opinion: There is a way to save our oceans - but is there a will?"
246:. Sections 42 and 43 establishes the minister's authority to order
298:"CANAD/AS OCEANS ESTATE: A Description of Canada's Maritime Zones"
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The minister is empowered under
Section 35 of the act to create
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that deal with more specific elements of the national strategy.
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Under Section 39 of the act, the minister is empowered to hire
330:"TERRITORIAL SEA AND FISHING ZONES ACT: CHAPTER T-8"
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The Act details responsibilities and powers for the
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35:
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490:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Oceans Act"
449:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Oceans Act"
130:, and addresses Canada's self-definition of its
235:to hold companies, directors, or ships' crews
16:Legislation regarding the waters around Canada
8:
231:The act under Section 39 also establishes a
537:Branch, Legislative Services (2019-08-28).
488:Branch, Legislative Services (2019-07-30).
447:Branch, Legislative Services (2019-07-30).
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220:courts, are disposed of or forfeited to
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56:An Act respecting the oceans of Canada
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265:Notable Applications and Jurisprudence
152:Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Act,
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215:to enforce any element of the act or
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483:
481:
479:
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296:Fisheries and Oceans Canada (2007).
568:"Canada's role in ocean protection"
328:Food and Agriculture Organization.
255:UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
14:
665:from the original on 2023-10-16
636:from the original on 2022-12-08
607:from the original on 2023-05-31
578:from the original on 2022-08-09
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500:from the original on 2023-03-26
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429:from the original on 2023-07-04
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371:from the original on 2023-07-04
342:from the original on 2023-07-03
310:from the original on 2023-07-03
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690:Canadian federal legislation
185:Statutory details and powers
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233:government right of action
126:) is a law enacted by the
179:Justin Trudeau's Ministry
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136:exclusive economic zones
543:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
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453:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
274:oil and gas development
166:. It passed 130–50 on
202:marine protected zones
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601:canadiangeographic.ca
695:1996 in Canadian law
140:Canadian Coast Guard
128:Parliament of Canada
77:Parliament of Canada
37:Parliament of Canada
191:designated minister
146:Legislative history
659:The Globe and Mail
630:The Globe and Mail
572:The Globe and Mail
524:2023-04-01 at the
132:territorial waters
124:Loi sur les océans
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346:2023-07-03
314:2023-07-03
283:References
213:inspectors
175:first term
115:Oceans Act
48:Long title
22:Oceans Act
222:the crown
94:Effective
663:Archived
634:Archived
605:Archived
576:Archived
547:Archived
522:Archived
498:Archived
457:Archived
427:Archived
398:Archived
369:Archived
337:Archived
305:Archived
106:In force
65:Citation
104:Status:
237:liable
120:French
340:(PDF)
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112:The
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