227:, a mission adjacent to St. Augustine, which had a much reduced population. The people to be moved were described as fugitives from the mission at San Pedro de Mocama. The Oconi chief requested a delay in the move to allow the people to harvest their crops. Instead, the chief was imprisoned and troops were sent to burn the village and force the people to move. The people of Oconi fled to the woods or returned to San Pedro de Mocama. There is no further record of Oconi in Spanish records.
216:, the presumed site of the San Diego mission, revealed a stratum containing ceramics comparable to those of southeastern Georgia overlying a stratum containing St. Johns culture ceramics. This suggests that the original inhabitants of the area were replaced by people from southeastern Georgia, consistent with the move ordered by Salazar. Another indicator of a change is that "Salamototo" replaced "Helaca" as the name of the place sometime between 1655 and 1675.
79:(on the Georgia coast). As that distance does not fit in with the sequence of other missions along the Georgia coast, it has been assumed that Oconi was inland to the west of San Pedro. Later mentions of Oconi describe it as being on an island, or as "between two lakes". This, together with the distance from San Pedro de Mocama, has been interpreted to mean that Oconi was on the margin of or in the Okefenokee Swamp.
211:
and other western missions. The mission had lost population, and the relocation of people from Oconi was intended to bolster the population of the mission so that the ferry service could be maintained. Spanish records do not record the outcome of
Salazar's order, but excavation of the Rollestown site
178:
Oconi was first mentioned in
Spanish records in 1602, when Oconi's chief requested that a missionary be assigned to his chiefdom. Crosses were erected by the inhabitants of Oconi and neighboring towns. The people of Oconi and neighboring chiefdoms on the mainland made frequent visits to the mission
82:
Little is known of the native population of southeastern
Georgia in prehistory. Archaeological study of the region has been limited and the ceramic chronology is not well established, but the area as a whole appears to have been a "transitory zone" between the Savannah and
62:
was not established until at least a decade later, with the first record of a mission in 1630. The
Spanish twice attempted to relocate the Oconi people to other missions, in 1645 and 1655. The Oconi disappeared from Spanish records after 1655.
147:
required a lot of work to harvest and process. Harvesting required using levers to pry the roots out of mudholes, while processing required grinding the roots into flour and repeatedly rinsing the flour with water.
103:
who wrote a grammar and dictionary of the
Timucua language, listed about 10 dialects of Timucua, including Oconi. Pareja mentioned only one difference in vocabulary between the Maritime or
524:
534:
519:
203:) and "other places" had gathered at Oconi to avoid work. The San Diego de Helaca mission supported a ferry service across the St. Johns River, an important link on the
135:. The Oconi did not raise sufficient maize to last them throughout the year, and depended on wild roots for starch when their maize was used up. One such root was
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at San Pedro de Mocama, where they had relatives and friends. The mission of
Santiago de Oconi was founded before 1630, possibly between 1613 and 1616.
539:
472:
431:
195:, ordered the relocation of the people living at the "Laguna de Oconi" to the mission of San Diego de Helaca (also "Elaca" or "Laca") on the
131:, the Oconi were more oriented to exploiting the resources of wetlands rather than practicing agriculture. Some of the Oconi were full-time
441:
Milanich, Jerald T. (1978). "The
Western Timucua: Patterns of Acculturation and Change". In Milanich, Jerold T.; Proctor, Samuel (eds.).
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Santiago de Oconi still had a resident missionary in 1655. That year, the new governor of
Spanish Florida,
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Tacachale: Essays on the
Indians of Florida and Southeastern Georgia during the Historic Period
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223:, ordered the relocation of the inhabitants of Santiago de Oconi and nearby villages to
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139:, an otherwise unidentified starchy root that grew in water. Described as similar to
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The Oconi chiefdom was described as being a two-day journey from the mission of
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Timucua
Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida. Volume 2: Resistance and Destruction
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This article is about the Timucua chiefdom. Not to be confused with the
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The people of Oconi spoke the Oconi dialect of the Timucua language.
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dialect he spoke and the Oconi dialect. Pareja described the Oconi,
445:. Gainesville: The University Presses of Florida. pp. 59–88.
58:. The Oconi first appeared in Spanish records in 1602, but a
199:. Salazar stated that fugitives from Timucua Province (
50:. They lived in a chiefdom on the margin of or in the
426:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.
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16:Native American Chiefdom in 17th century Georgia
525:Native American tribes in Georgia (U.S. state)
535:Pre-statehood history of Georgia (U.S. state)
424:A History of the Timucua Indians and Missions
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119:people as all speaking the same language.
520:Spanish missions in Georgia (U.S. state)
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170:grows in dry, sandy soil, not in water.
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166:) by some authors, but Hann notes that
467:. New York: Smithsonian Institution.
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46:people that spoke a dialect of the
465:Laboring in the Fields of the Lord
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193:Benito Ruiz de Salazar Vallecilla
540:Extinct Native American peoples
488:. University Press of Florida.
207:connecting St. Augustine with
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408:, pp. 156–157, 236–237.
246:, pp. 5, 155–156, 237.
556:
18:
187:In 1645, the governor of
27:or the Apalachee town of
482:Worth, John E. (1998).
152:has been identified as
133:hunter-fisher-gatherers
422:Hann, John H. (1996).
127:As was typical of the
214:East Palatka, Florida
461:Milanich, Jerald T.
396:, pp. 156–157.
73:San Pedro de Mocama
360:, p. 95, 333.
221:Diego de Rebolledo
209:Apalachee Province
155:Zamia integrifolia
87:cultural regions.
23:-speaking town of
474:978-1-56098-940-0
433:978-0-8130-1424-1
270:, pp. 32–33.
258:, p. 26, 49.
77:Cumberland Island
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101:Franciscan friar
97:Francisco Pareja
54:in southeastern
52:Okefenokee Swamp
48:Timucua language
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197:St. Johns River
189:Spanish Florida
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129:eastern Timucua
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225:Nombre de Dios
201:Northern Utina
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499:. Retrieved
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514:Categories
268:Worth 1998
231:References
406:Hann 1996
394:Hann 1996
382:Hann 1996
358:Hann 1996
346:Hann 1996
331:Hann 1996
319:Hann 1996
295:Hann 1996
280:Hann 1996
244:Hann 1996
164:Seminoles
113:Cascangue
85:St. Johns
463:(1999).
91:Language
67:Location
21:Hitchiti
530:Timucua
501:July 7,
416:Sources
162:of the
141:cassava
60:mission
56:Georgia
44:Timucua
42:were a
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160:koonti
115:, and
109:Potano
105:Mocama
25:Oconee
205:trail
168:Zamia
158:(the
40:Ocone
36:Oconi
29:Oconi
503:2010
490:ISBN
469:ISBN
447:ISBN
428:ISBN
150:Ache
145:ache
137:ache
123:Food
99:, a
34:The
212:in
117:Ibi
75:on
38:or
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338:^
287:^
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436:.
31:.
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