Tube socket - Knowledge

684:(B8A) base is an eight-pin design with a pin circle diameter close to Noval, and uses a nub on the side of the envelope to engage with a guide and retaining spring in the socket wall. This provides pin registration (since the pins are equi-spaced) and also a fair degree of retention. Early tubes with this base type typically had a metal skirt around the lower ~15mm of the envelope to match the socket wall, and this offered a degree of built-in screening, but these were fairly soon replaced by "skirtless" versions, which had a characteristic widening in the glass to compensate physically for the absence of the skirt. In the European naming scheme, rimlock tubes are numbered in the ranges 40-49, 110-119 (with exceptions), and 400-499, 515:

pinched-off air evacuation nub is at the top of the tube, giving it its distinctive appearance. More than one functional section can be included in a single envelope; a dual triode configuration is particularly common. Seven- and nine-pin tubes were common, though miniature tubes with more pins, such as the Compactron series, were later introduced, and could fit up to three amplifying elements. Some miniature tube sockets had a skirt that mated with a cylindrical metal electrostatic shield that surrounded the tube, fitted with a spring to hold the tube in place if the equipment was subject to vibration. Sometimes the shield was also fitted with thermal contacts to transfer heat from the glass envelope to the shield and act as a

183:, etc.) with a number of prongs ranging from three to seven, with either a non-regular distribution or with one or two of the prongs of bigger diameter than the other, so that the tube could only be inserted in a certain position. Sometimes they relied on a bayonet on the side of the base. Examples of these are the very common USA bases UX4, UV4, UY5 and UX6, and the European B5, B6, B7, B8, C7, G8A, etc. Tubes in the USA typically had from four to seven pins in a circular array, with adjacent pairs of larger pins for heater connections. 370: 595:") seven-pin miniature tubes are smaller than Noval, with seven pins arranged at 45-degree spacing in a 9.53 mm (3/8th inch) diameter arc, the "missing" pin position being used to position the tube in its socket (unlike octal, loctal and rimlock sockets). Examples include the 6AQ5/EL90 and 6BE6/EK90. European tubes of this type have numbers 90-99, 100-109, 190-199, 900-999. A few in the 100-109 series have unusual, non-B7G bases, 406:

and spigot taper, etc.). The pin geometry was the same as for octal, but the pins were thinner (although they will fit into a standard octal socket, they wobble and do not make good contact), the base shell was made of aluminium, and the center hole had an electrical contact that also mechanically locked (hence "loctal") the tube in place. Loctal tubes were only used widely by a few equipment manufacturers, most notably

697: 355: 227: 216: 190:(AC) line/mains-powered radios were developed, some four-pin tubes (in particular, the very common UX-201A ('01A)) had a bayonet pin on the side of a cylindrical base. The socket used that pin for retaining the tube; insertion finished with a slight clockwise turn. Leaf springs, essentially all in the same plane, pressed upward on the bottoms of the pins, also keeping the bayonet pin engaged. 3178: 386: 31: 339: 53:(electronic valves) can be plugged, holding them in place and providing terminals, which can be soldered into the circuit, for each of the pins. Sockets are designed to allow tubes to be inserted in only one orientation. They were used in most tube electronic equipment to allow easy removal and replacement. When tube equipment was common, retailers such as 179:, and the new electronics technology was just emerging, designs were far from being standardized. Usually, each company had their own tubes and sockets, which were not interchangeable with tubes from other companies. By the early 1920s, this situation was finally changing, and several standard bases were created. They consisted of a base (ceramic, metal, 530:) and the tube base could cause intermittent contact due to local corrosion, especially in relatively low current tubes, such as were used in battery-operated radio sets. Malfunctioning equipment with miniature tubes can sometimes be brought back to life by removing and reinserting the tubes, disturbing the insulating layer of corrosion. 167: 570: — Audio Output. The BP-10 proved so popular that Zenith, Motorola, Emerson, and other radio manufacturers produced similar pocket radios based on RCA's miniature tubes. Several of these pocket radios were introduced in 1941 and sold until the suspension of radio production in April 1942 for the duration of World War II. 482: 109: 786:

A remarkably wide variety of tube and similar sockets is listed and described, with some informal application notes, at a commercial site, Pacific T.V., including nuvistor, eight-pin subminiature, vidicon, reflex klystron, nine-pin octal-like, 10-pin miniature (two types), 11-pin sub-magnal, diheptal

514:

As with loctal tubes, the pins of miniature tube are stiff wires protruding through the bottom of the glass envelope which plug directly into the socket. However, unlike all their predecessors, miniature tubes are not fitted with separate bases; the base is an integral part of the glass envelope. The

290:

When used on metal tubes, pin 1 was always reserved for a connection to the metal shell, which was usually grounded for shielding purposes. This reservation prevented tubes such as the 6SL7/6SN7 dual triodes from being issued with metal envelopes, as such valves need three connections (cathode, grid,

263:. The octal base provided one more conductor with a smaller overall size of the base than the previous line of U. S. tube bases which had provided a maximum of seven conductors. Octal bases, as defined in IEC 60067, diagram IEC 67-I-5a, have a 45-degree angle between pins, which form a 17.45 mm ( 426:

Loctal tubes had shorter connecting lengths between the socket pins and the internal elements than did their octal counterparts. This allowed them to operate at higher frequencies than octal tubes. The advent of miniature "all-glass" seven- and nine-pin tubes overtook both octals and loctals, so the

104:

lead protrude through the envelope. In both cases this allowed the tube's output circuitry to be isolated from the input (grid) circuit more effectively. In the case of the tubes with the plate brought out to a cap, this also allowed the plate to run at higher voltages (over 26,000 volts in the case

800:

Vacuum tubes for high-power applications often required custom socket designs. A jumbo four-prong socket was used for various industrial tubes. A specialized seven-pin socket (Septar or B7A), with all pins in a circle with one pin wider than the others, was used for transmitting tubes. Subminiature

506:

dual triode, were introduced in 1939. The bases commonly referred to as "miniature" are the seven-pin B7G type, and the slightly later nine-pin B9A (Noval). The pins are arranged evenly in a circle of eight or ten evenly spaced positions, with one pin omitted; this allows the tube to be inserted in

422:

The loctal tube's structure was supported directly by the connecting pins passing through the glass "button" base. Octal tube structures were supported on a glass "pinch", formed by heating the bottom of the envelope to fusing temperature, then squeezing the pinch closed. Sealing the pinch embedded

201:

An early exception to these types of bases is the Peanut 215, which instead of using prongs had a tiny bayonet base with four drop-like contacts. Another exception is the European Side Contact series commonly known as P, which instead of using a prong, relied on side contacts at 90 degrees from the

712:

and the lighthouse tube, both solving the same problems but with different approaches. Thompson, G.M. Rose, Saltzberg and Burnside from RCA created the acorn tube by using far smaller electrodes, with radial short connections. A different approach was taken by the designers of the lighthouse tube,

405:

for ruggedized applications such as automobile radios. Along with B8B (a British designation out of date by 1958), these eight-pin locking bases are almost identical and the names usually taken as interchangeable (although there are some minor differences in specifications, such as spigot material

2350:

A socket similar to the standard otcal but with 11 pins also exists, and is also called "octal". It is an industry standard, developed mainly for industrial 3-phase relays (3PDT or TPDT) in order to accommodate three changeover contacts. It was also used in some older power supplies but was never

80:

were introduced and tube sockets were developed whose contacts could be soldered directly to the printed wiring tracks. Looking at the bottom of a socket, or, equivalently, a tube from its bottom, the pins were numbered clockwise, starting at an index notch or gap, a convention that has persisted

68:

Throughout the tube era, as technology developed, sometimes differently in different parts of the world, many tube bases and sockets came into use. Sockets are not universal; different tubes may fit mechanically into the same socket, though they may not work properly and possibly become damaged.

614:

unrestricted access to all the electrodes, even of relatively complex tubes such as double triodes and triode-hexodes. It could also provide multiple connections to an electrode of a simpler device where useful, as in the four connections to the grid of a conventional grounded-grid UHF triode,

613:

B9A base, sometimes called button 9-pin, B9-1, offered a useful reduction in physical size compared to previous common types, such as octal (especially important in TV receivers where space was limited), while also providing a sufficient number of connections (unlike B7G) to allow effectively

533:

Miniature tubes were widely manufactured for military use during World War II, and also used in consumer equipment. The Sonora Radio and Television Corporation produced the first radio using these miniature tubes, the "Candid", in April 1940. In June 1940 RCA released its battery-operated

667:

T-9 construction/E12-70 base It is generally similar in form to a Noval socket, but larger. In the center is a clearance hole for a tube evacuation pip, which is typically on the bottom of a Compactron tube. (It should not be confused with the similar-sounding but differently sized

765:

B9E base, 9 pins with 1.02 mm diameter in a 17.45 mm pin circle diameter arc, one of several Compactron types, which looks similar to Magnoval (but a Novar tube in a Magnoval socket will not make good pin contact, and a Magnoval tube in a Novar socket may damage the

197:

224-B, had a standard four-pin bayonet base, and the bayonet pin was a live connection. (Five effective pins: It was an electrostatic-deflection gas-focused type, with a diode gun and single-ended deflection. The anode and the other two plates were common.)

723:

were very small, reducing stray capacitances and lead inductances. The base and socket were so compact that they were widely used in UHF TV tuners. They could also be used in small-signal applications at lower frequencies, as in the

410:, which used the tubes in many table radios. Loctal tubes have a small indexing mark on the side of the base skirt; they do not release easily from their sockets unless pushed from that side. Because the pins are actually the 446:

20–29, (such as EBL21, ECH21, EF22) except for early tubes in the series: DAC21, DBC21, DCH21, DF21, DF22, DL21, DLL21, DM21 which have either B9G or octal bases, the change to Sylvania's locktal standard coming in

688:, EF40. Although virtually unknown elsewhere, this was a very common base type in European radios of the late 1940s through the 1950s, but was eventually displaced by the ubiquitous B7G and Noval (B9A) base types. 772:

B11A base (American), 11-pins. Also used as industrial relay socket and HV power supplies. Amphenol / WirePro (WPI) / Eaton 78-series, Socket (female) part number: 78-S-11. Matching Plug (male) is part number:

418:

lead-out wires from the tube, they are prone to intermittent connections caused by the build-up of electrolytic corrosion products due to the pin being of a different metallic composition to the socket contact.

450:

or 50–59 (special bases, including the European 9-pin lock-in base), but other types are in the same range (e.g. while EF51 is B8G loctal, the EF55 is 9-pin loctal, B9G, and the EL51 has a side-contact P8A

105:

of rectifiers for color television, such as the 3A3, as well as high-voltage regulator tubes.) A few unusual tubes had caps for both grid and plate; the caps were symmetrically placed, with divergent axes.

805:, but quickly fell out of favor as transistor reliability became established. This also happened with early integrated circuits; IC sockets later became used only for devices that may need to be upgraded. 174:

When tubes became more widespread, and new electrodes were added, more connections were required. Specially designed bases were created to account for this need. However, as the world was suffering from

291:

anode) for each triode (making six total) plus two connections for the paralleled heaters. The octal base soon caught on for glass tubes, where the large central post could also house and protect the "

299:

or plastic base with a hollow post in the center, surrounded by eight metal pins. The wire leads from the tube were soldered into the pins, and the evacuation tip was protected inside the post.

423:

the connecting wires in the pinch's glass and gave a vacuum-tight seal. The connecting wires then passed through the hollow base pins, where they were soldered to make permanent connections.

295:" of the glass tube. The eight available pins allowed more complex tubes than before, such as dual triodes, to be constructed. The glass envelope of an octal base tube was cemented into a 287:) in the center. Octal sockets were designed to accept octal tubes, the rib in the keyed post fitting an indexing slot in the socket so the tube could only be inserted in one orientation. 158:

and L-shaped stiff wires at the top for grid and anode connections. Mating connectors were machined pairs of brass blocks with clamping screws, attached to flying leads (free hanging).

138:, used the typical light bulb Edison socket for the heater, and flying leads for the other elements. Other tubes directly used flying leads for all of their contacts, like the 708:

requirements severely limited the existing tubes, so radical ideas were implemented which affected how these tubes connected to the host system. Two new bases appeared, the

100:. Later, some tubes, particularly those used as radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers or horizontal deflection amplifiers in TV sets, such as the 6DQ6, had the plate or 797:

such as the 2K25 and 2K45 had small-diameter rigid coaxial outputs parallel to octal base pins. To accommodate the coax, one contact was replaced by a clearance hole.

430:

Loctal tube type numbers in the USA typically begin with "7" (for 6.3-volt types) or "14" for 12.6-volt types. This was fudged by specifying the heater voltage as

573:

After the war miniature tubes continued to be manufactured for civilian use, regardless of any technical advantage, as they were cheaper than octals and loctals.

759:

B9D base (IEC 67-I-36a) 9 pins with 1.27 mm diameter in a 17.45 mm pin circle diameter arc, e.g. EL503, EL509, PD500, etc. - not to be confused with...

787:

14-pin, and many display tubes such as Nixies and vacuum fluorescent types (and even more). As well, each socket has a link to a clear, high-quality picture.

3233: 493:

like the Peanut 215 mentioned above. Because of the primitive manufacturing techniques of the time, these tubes were too unreliable for commercial use.

648:

The IEC 67-I-12a specification calls for a 36-degree angle between the nine pins of 1.016 mm thickness, in an arc of diameter 11.89 mm.

717:, which relied on using concentric cylindrical metal contacts in connections that minimized inductance, thus allowing a much higher frequency. 555: 3516: 845: 469: 332:. Relays were historically manufactured in a vacuum tube form, and industrial-grade relays continue to use the octal base for their pinout. 318: 801:

tubes with long wire leads, introduced in the 1950s, were often soldered directly to printed circuit boards. Sockets were made for early

489:

Efforts to introduce small tubes into the marketplace date from the 1920s, when experimenters and hobbyists made radios with so-called

2607: 2520: 317:

Most octal tubes following the widespread European designation system have penultimate digit "3" as in ECC34 (full details in the

2262: 306:; bases from discarded tubes could be salvaged for this purpose. Octal sockets were used to mount other components, particularly 34:

Left to right: octal (top and bottom view), loctal, and miniature (top and side view) sockets. An early transistor socket and an

2764:(6th ed.). Australia: The "Miniwatt" Electronics Division of Philips Electrical Industries Pty. Limited. 1958. p. 158. 3226: 790:

Some subminiature tubes with flexible wire leads all exiting in the same plane were connected by subminiature inline sockets.

3511: 2404: 338: 3134: 151: 3219: 663:

B12C base (IEC 67-I-17a) has 12 pins in a 19.1 mm diameter circle and dates from 1961. It was also called the

402: 96:

on the top of the tube. This was connected by using a clip with an attached wire lead. An example would be the 6A7

369: 3526: 2212: 2186: 232:

Because of the ubiquity of the octal socket, many other components used it for their pin configuration including

2296: 2279: 2160: 3375: 2312:

IEC 60067: "Dimensions of electronic tubes and valves. IEC dimensions" (1966). Also published as BS 448-1:1981.

539: 72:

Tube sockets were typically mounted in holes on a sheet metal chassis and wires or other components were hand

747:

B10B base (IEC 67-I-41a) 10 pins with 1.02 mm diameter in an 11.89 mm diameter circle, e.g. PFL200

434:

7 or 14 volts so that the tube nomenclature fitted. Battery types (mostly 1.4-volt) are coded "1Lxn", where

354: 259:

introduced a new eight-pin tube base with their new metal envelope tubes. The new base became known as the

3506: 497: 307: 511:) tubes (a variant 10-pin form, "Noval+1", is basically a nine-pin socket with an added center contact). 3568: 3405: 442:

in L, e.g. 6J1L. European designations are ambiguous; all B8G loctals have numbers either in the range:

237: 77: 3542: 3521: 3501: 3440: 3380: 3306: 3206: 303: 46: 3465: 3354: 3256: 547: 507:

only one orientation. Keying by omitting a pin is also used in 8- (subminiature), 10-, and 12-pin (

503: 187: 97: 753:

B10G base (IEC E10-73) A 10th pin added to the center of a standard 9-pin miniature base, e.g. 6C9

618:, 6AM4, to minimise the deleterious effects of lead inductance on the high-frequency performance. 3183: 704:

By 1935 new tube technologies were required for the development of radar and telecommunications.

241: 82: 35: 1063:(mostly superseded by Octal, but still used for some currently produced directly heated triodes) 522:

Electrolytic effects from the differing metal alloys used for the miniature tube pins (usually

3475: 3460: 3128: 2603: 2516: 3057: 542:

small enough to fit in a handbag or coat pocket. This model had the following tube lineup:

3425: 3365: 2775: 2535: 1503: 709: 563: 329: 256: 194: 1616: 3286: 3281: 3029: 794: 714: 2927: 2108: 2949: 2385: 385: 3445: 3420: 292: 651:

European tubes of this type have numbers 80-89, 180-189, 280-289, 800-899, 8000-8999.

321:

article). There is a different, totally obsolete, pre-world-war-II German octal type.

3562: 3485: 3480: 3370: 3291: 3261: 729: 622: 123: 3097: 2671: 2657: 2558: 2362:"Amperite | Time Delay Relays | Flashers | Controlling Devices | Relay Requirements" 1526:

18.5mm circle, 55,5° between pin 1 and 8, 43,5° between the other pins, 8.7mm spigot

696: 3450: 3344: 3276: 3271: 3148: 3007: 2462: 849: 401:

base (sometimes spelled "loktal" — trademarked by Sylvania), was developed by

155: 89: 2740: 2482: 2237: 226: 3112: 2597: 2546: 389:

A loctal-base tube, Polish Telam UCH21 next to a wooden match for size comparison

302:

Matching plugs were also manufactured that let tube sockets be used as eight-pin

3455: 3314: 3266: 3242: 245: 215: 176: 58: 50: 3177: 2438: 30: 3470: 3400: 3390: 3385: 3329: 3196: 3173: 1995: 802: 664: 642: 508: 62: 54: 3435: 3430: 3410: 3075: 2693: 516: 147: 2985: 2963: 2841: 2715: 2423:

Staff of 'Wireless World' (1958). "Explanation of Valve-Base Connections".

2902: 2855: 2820: 2799: 2496: 519:, which was considered to improve tube life in higher power applications. 17: 3415: 3395: 3334: 3201: 3191: 2028: 1665: 720: 296: 180: 3349: 3339: 2361: 1656: 527: 502:

magazine, which proved reliable. The first ones, such as the 6J6 ECC91

411: 93: 2622: 2323: 3360: 3324: 3319: 3296: 2878: 2634: 2134: 523: 415: 407: 127: 73: 3211: 782:

5-pin sub-miniature wire-ended B5A base (no socket used; e.g. EA76)

465:, EL60 and some type numbers in the European 20–29 and 50–59 range; 166: 108: 1726: 1178:

a B5 socket will accept European 3-pin (H3A) and 4-pin (A4A) tubes

1009: 725: 695: 630: 480: 384: 325: 311: 233: 107: 101: 3115:(in German and English). Table A.4.1 - Sockeltypen - Basing Types 1730: 1673: 1495: 1487: 1391: 1073: 1069: 638: 634: 481: 462: 361: 3215: 1791:

17.45mm (11/16") circle, 9x36° then gap between pins 9 & 1

427:

loctal's higher-frequency potential was never fully exploited.

1795:

Note: Novar sockets can be damaged by inserting Magnoval tubes

1499: 1491: 705: 438:

is a letter and "n" a number, such as "1LA4". Russian loctals

345: 324:

Octal and miniature tubes are still in use in tube-type audio

779:

base (IEC 67-I-31a) 8 pins in a 15.24 mm diameter circle

2647:"Philips Data Handbook: Electron Tubes, Part 4", April 1969l 1880:

11.89mm (15/32") circle as Noval, with additional center pin

641:, produced commercially towards the end of the era before 2427:(Sixth ed.). London: Iliffe $ Sons Ltd. p. 87. 2324:"R-390A plug-in multi-section electrolytic capacitor kit" 2071:

11.2mm circular envelope with mixed-spacing field of pins

732:

whose entire electronics section was based on nuvistors.

2280:"All-metal receiving tubes, the manufacturing technique" 1566:

17.45mm (11/16") circle, equal 45° spacing, 6.7mm spigot

1470:

17.45mm (11/16") circle, equal 45° spacing, 7.8mm spigot

2586:

Sylvania Receiving Tubes Technical Manual, 14th Edition

740:

There are many other socket types, of which a few are:

3113:"KyteLabs InfoBase - Electron Tubes & Valves Data" 112:

Tube 75 from the 1930s with UX-6 base and top grid cap

76:

to lugs on the underside of the socket. In the 1950s,

3028:

Prakke, F.; J.L.H. Jonker; M.J.O. Strutt (May 1939).

2387:

Advantages of a Full Featured, Octal 700 Series Relay

461:

Nine-pin loctal bases, B9G, include the 1938 Philips

88:

In the 1930s, tubes often had the connection to the

3535: 3494: 3305: 3249: 1352:6C33, 829B, 3C33, 3E29, 832A, 5894, FU-29, GZ67-C 283: in) diameter keyed post (sometimes called a 2515:. University of Arizona Press. pp. 123–125. 1904:G10A (G8A tubes fit with pins 6 & 10 unused) 273: in) diameter circle around a 7.82 mm ( 344:An octal base tube, Soviet 6Π3C, similar to the 3008:"EF50 - The Development of the All-Glass Valve" 485:A pair of 12AU7As (ECC82) showing both triodes. 1910:28mm circle, 2 groups of 5 pins with two gaps 3227: 1753:8x36° then 72° spacing between pins 9 & 1 1706:8x36° then 72° spacing between pins 9 & 1 1359: 1036:11.9mm rectangle with thicker pins 1 & 4. 8: 2213:"Deforest Oscillion 250 W Transmitting Tube" 1811:limited use; mainly TV horiz. output, damper 1174:16.25mm kite; B4 with central 5th pin added 468:There is a different "loctal Lorenz" in the 170:Two early tubes with four- and six-pin bases 2506: 2504: 2041:only pins 2, 4, 8 10, 12 used from Twelvar 3234: 3220: 3212: 2879:"Frank's Electron tube Pages - Tube Bases" 2006:11x 27.7° then gap between pins 12 & 1 1844:9x34° then 54° gap between pins 10 & 1 1646:21.0mm (13/16") circle, equal 40° spacing, 814: 869:08.7mm triangle with pins 1&3 closest 2922: 2920: 2492: 2490: 1767:died out when TVs went fully solid-state 942:greatest distance between pins 2 & 3 202:tube axis with four to twelve contacts. 165: 29: 3058:"Novar vs Magnoval Vacuum Tube Sockets" 2099: 621:This base type was used by many of the 334: 314:; octal-mount relays are still common. 3126: 3030:"A New "All-Glass" Valve Construction" 2897: 2895: 1664:announced Sept. 1938 and available to 1168:British 5-pin, European 5 -pin, Europa 496:RCA announced new miniature tubes in 2787:Saga of the Vacuumtube, Tyne page 176 1375:6x45° then 90° between pins 7 & 1 393:A variant of the octal base, the B8G 7: 2635:"Pacific T.V. - Vacuum Tube Sockets" 895:European special all-glass miniature 2513:The Portable Radio in American Life 2115:(in Norwegian). Radio amateur LA9DL 1698:American Small Button, Button 9-pin 1594:European 8-pin Miniature base, Ri-8 1425:29.5mm circle of side-contact pins, 150:, used in servos for the U.S. Navy 65:were also designed to use sockets. 61:, and sold replacement tubes. Some 38:socket are included for comparison. 1986: 1668:; general availability early 1939. 1627: 980:09.8mm rectangle with large pin 2 25: 1586: 1560:8-pin Loktal, Lo-8, Locking Octal 1140:3x60° between pins 1,2 and 4,5,1, 1089:British 4-pin, A4, European 4-pin 3176: 2511:Schiffer, Michael Brian (1992). 1936:17.45mm (11/16") circle as Octal 1272:(ultimately superseded by Octal) 625:and most of the European tubes, 470:Mullard–Philips tube designation 368: 353: 337: 319:Mullard–Philips tube designation 225: 214: 2483:Photo of 1920s era peanut tube. 2187:"Cunningham Tubular Audio Tron" 1858:PFL200, ECC2000, ECH200, PCF201 1689: 1612:quickly edged-out by Noval, etc 193:The first hot-cathode CRT, the 2497:The National Valve Museum: 6J6 1: 2065:Twelvar E7-83, E12-64, E12-65 645:largely displaced their use. 132: 121:The earliest tubes, like the 2844:. The National Valve Museum. 2536:Schematic of RCA Model BP-10 2278:G. F. Metcalf, J. E. Beggs, 1192:(superseded by Octal and P8) 1107:(superseded by Octal and P8) 1072:, B405, X99, WW313A (1938), 1068:A-P Oscillator (1920), 2A3, 955:(superseded by Octal and P8) 902:06.0mm line with 3mm spacing 92:brought out through a metal 3078:. The National Valve Museum 2966:. The National Valve Museum 2905:. The National Valve Museum 2858:. The national Valve Museum 2263:"Metal Tubes for Receivers" 2161:"Deforest Spherical Audion" 2139:Frank's Electron Tube Pages 1600:11.5mm (0.453") circle, 45° 1550: 1464:, American octal base, Oc-8 1419:, Philips 8, Side-contact 8 1028:with or without bayonet pin 3585: 2596:Sōgo Okamura, ed. (1994). 2217:Stone Vintage Radio Museum 2191:Stone Vintage Radio Museum 2165:Stone Vintage Radio Museum 2113:Vacuum tube bases overview 2109:"Sokkel oversikt radiorør" 2107:Qvigstad, Just N. (2012). 1452: 1277:AC3/Pen, TDD4, AL60, 18013 1132:American Small 5-pin, USS5 310:assemblies and electrical 244:(bottom) and small-signal 27:Plug-in vacuum tube holder 3357:(Hexode, Heptode, Octode) 2762:"Miniwatt" Technical Data 2720:The National Valve Museum 2602:. IOS Press. p. 27. 2599:History of Electron Tubes 2286:, May 1935, pp. 149 - 150 2269:, April 1935, pp. 18 - 19 1460:IO, International Octal, 1154:UY227, 2E22, 1D4, 49, 807 1142:2x90° between pins 2,3,4 940:16mm isosceles triangle, 3376:Backward-wave oscillator 3133:: CS1 maint: location ( 2547:Photo of RCA Model BP-10 2303:, Sept. 1935, pp. 31, 34 1842:11.89mm (15/32") circle, 1831:often incorrectly stated 1751:17.45mm (11/16") circle, 1735:80-89, 180-189, 800-899 1704:11.89mm (15/32") circle, 1504:KT63/KT66/KT77/KT88/KT90 579:Miniature seven-pin base 540:superheterodyne receiver 257:General Electric Company 3111:KyteLabs (2014-02-19). 2658:"Abbildungen - Figures" 2559:"Miniature Radio Tubes" 2085:7586, 6DV4, 6DV8, 13CW4 1649:spigot connected to can 1542:ARP12, AR8, SP42, ATP4 1367:Miniature, Button, Mi-7 1038:Superseded the UV4 base 932:(or B4, ignoring pin 4) 809:Summary of base details 728:MR-70, a costly studio 713:such as the octal-base 700:A box of Acorn sockets. 609:The nine-pin miniature 3250:Theoretical principles 2406:Amperite Relay Catalog 1964:27mm (1.063") circle, 1581:20-29 and some others 1373:09.53mm (3/8") circle, 701: 486: 390: 308:electrolytic capacitor 171: 113: 78:printed circuit boards 39: 3406:Inductive output tube 3037:The Wireless Engineer 2930:. The AmateurTele.com 2004:19.1mm (3/4") circle, 1318:(superseded by Octal) 1236:(superseded by Octal) 699: 484: 388: 304:electrical connectors 169: 152:Stable Element Mark 6 111: 33: 3548:List of tube sockets 3543:List of vacuum tubes 3381:Beam deflection tube 3207:List of vacuum tubes 3062:Antique Radio Forums 2950:"Appendix - Figures" 2672:"Appendix - Figures" 2297:"Making Metal Tubes" 1978:DG7-31, E1T, MW61-80 1721:(still very popular) 1682:with some exceptions 1261:23.1mm x 18.2mm oval 1025:American 4-pin base 951:1920s to early 1930s 566:/AVC/AF Amplifier; 140:Cunningham AudioTron 3466:Traveling-wave tube 3257:Thermionic emission 2741:"EA50 Signal Diode" 2439:"Sylvania Type 7A8" 1520:MO8, Octal-8 GB, MO 1509:3G, 30-39, 300-399 1297:19mm (3/4") circle, 1217:19mm (3/4") circle, 1188:1928 to early 1930s 1138:19mm (3/4") circle, 1103:1915 to early 1930s 1004:(superseded by UX4) 928:British 3-pin, Eu-3 888:Mazda subminiature 736:Other socket styles 548:pentagrid converter 255:In April 1935, the 242:crystal oscillators 188:alternating current 98:pentagrid converter 3184:Electronics portal 2903:"Base Mazda Octal" 2079:JEDEC E12-64(5/12) 2020:1BY2, 6BD11, 12BT3 1815:6JF6, 22JG6A, 7868 1771:E55L, ED500, PL504 1692:(Miniature 9-pin) 1640:9-pin Loctal, Lo-9 702: 599:, Wehrmacht base. 487: 391: 172: 144:Deforest Oscillion 142:from 1915, or the 114: 83:integrated circuit 47:electrical sockets 40: 36:integrated circuit 3556: 3555: 3495:Numbering systems 3476:Video camera tube 3461:Talaria projector 3243:Thermionic valves 2877:Philipse, Frank. 2301:Radio Engineering 2267:Radio Engineering 2092: 2091: 1832: 1797: 1722: 1684: 1669: 1650: 1578:1LN5, EF22, ECH71 1514:Mazda Octal 1427:3x30° (pins 1-4), 1409:Transcontinental 1404:190-199, 900-999 1403: 1320: 1309: 1274: 1238: 1227: 1194: 1180: 1112:B405, BL2, R-type 1109: 1065: 1053: 1046: 1030: 1006: 995: 985: 957: 943: 934: 330:guitar amplifiers 146:. Type C6A xenon 16:(Redirected from 3576: 3366:Cathode-ray tube 3236: 3229: 3222: 3213: 3186: 3181: 3180: 3164: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3149:"Nuvistor 13CW4" 3145: 3139: 3138: 3132: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3034: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3006:Dekker, Ronald. 3003: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2924: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2899: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2782: 2776:"A-P_Oscillator" 2772: 2766: 2765: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2696:. Frank Philipse 2690: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2654: 2648: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2631: 2625: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2568:: 19. April 1945 2563: 2555: 2549: 2544: 2538: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2508: 2499: 2494: 2485: 2480: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2443: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2425:Radio Valve Data 2420: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2401: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2372: 2366:www.amperite.com 2358: 2352: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2328: 2319: 2313: 2310: 2304: 2293: 2287: 2276: 2270: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2234: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2104: 1998:, E12-70, E12-74 1945:1940s to present 1830: 1793: 1785:9-pin compactron 1720: 1680: 1663: 1648: 1398: 1345:2.7mm x6, 4.0mm 1316: 1305: 1270: 1234: 1225:(pins 1 & 6) 1223: 1222:3.2mm x4, 3.9mm 1190: 1176: 1105: 1061: 1049: 1042: 1026: 1002: 991: 981: 953: 941: 930: 815: 795:reflex klystrons 372: 360:Octal base of a 357: 341: 282: 281: 277: 272: 271: 267: 229: 218: 195:Western Electric 156:mogul screw base 137: 134: 21: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3574: 3573: 3559: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3531: 3517:Mullard–Philips 3490: 3441:Photomultiplier 3301: 3282:Suppressor grid 3245: 3240: 3182: 3175: 3172: 3167: 3157: 3155: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3125: 3118: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3081: 3079: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3041: 3039: 3032: 3027: 3026: 3022: 3012: 3010: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2969: 2967: 2962: 2961: 2957: 2948: 2947: 2943: 2933: 2931: 2926: 2925: 2918: 2908: 2906: 2901: 2900: 2893: 2883: 2881: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2724: 2722: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2646: 2642: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2623:2C43 data sheet 2621: 2617: 2610: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2571: 2569: 2561: 2557: 2556: 2552: 2545: 2541: 2534: 2530: 2523: 2510: 2509: 2502: 2495: 2488: 2481: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2390: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2370: 2368: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2351:used for tubes. 2349: 2345: 2335: 2333: 2326: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2294: 2290: 2277: 2273: 2260: 2256: 2246: 2244: 2242:Radiomuseum.org 2236: 2235: 2231: 2221: 2219: 2211:Stone, Howard. 2210: 2209: 2205: 2195: 2193: 2185:Stone, Howard. 2184: 2183: 2179: 2169: 2167: 2159:Stone, Howard. 2158: 2157: 2153: 2143: 2141: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2078: 2013: 2005: 1965: 1887: 1862: 1851: 1843: 1827: 1809: 1804: 1792: 1765: 1760: 1752: 1713: 1705: 1662: 1647: 1610: 1556: 1536: 1477: 1476:originally: RCA 1428: 1426: 1374: 1360:Miniature 7-Pin 1315: 1303: 1298: 1233: 1218: 1189: 1175: 1141: 1139: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1104: 1060: 1047: 1037: 1001: 989: 983:(usually anode) 952: 929: 922:European 3-pin 811: 793:Some low-power 738: 694: 678: 657: 607: 581: 479: 477:Miniature tubes 458: 383: 376: 375:An octal socket 373: 364: 358: 349: 342: 279: 275: 274: 269: 265: 264: 253: 252: 251: 250: 249: 230: 221: 220: 219: 208: 164: 135: 119: 117:The first tubes 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3582: 3580: 3572: 3571: 3561: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3446:Selectron tube 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3311: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3300: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3165: 3140: 3103: 3089: 3067: 3049: 3020: 2998: 2977: 2955: 2941: 2916: 2891: 2869: 2847: 2833: 2812: 2791: 2767: 2753: 2732: 2707: 2685: 2663: 2649: 2640: 2626: 2615: 2609:978-9051991451 2608: 2588: 2579: 2550: 2539: 2528: 2522:978-0816512843 2521: 2500: 2486: 2475: 2454: 2430: 2415: 2396: 2377: 2353: 2343: 2322:Schmid, Kurt. 2314: 2305: 2288: 2271: 2254: 2229: 2203: 2177: 2151: 2126: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2025: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2010: 2007: 2002: 1999: 1992: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1892: 1891:Mid-Late 1960s 1889: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1848: 1845: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1824: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1806: 1801: 1798: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1762: 1757: 1754: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1724: 1715: 1710: 1707: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1686: 1685: 1677: 1670: 1659: 1654: 1651: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1614: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1485: 1479: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1458: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1423: 1420: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1405: 1395: 1388: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1312: 1310: 1307:(pins 1&7) 1300: 1295: 1292: 1291:US 7-pin small 1289: 1286: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1230: 1228: 1220: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1136: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1066: 1057: 1054: 1051:(pins 1&4) 1044:(pins 2&3) 1039: 1034: 1031: 1023: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1007: 1000:1914 - 1920's 998: 996: 986: 978: 975: 972: 969: 965: 964: 961: 958: 949: 947: 944: 938: 935: 926: 923: 919: 918: 915: 912: 909: 906: 903: 900: 897: 892: 889: 885: 884: 881: 878: 875: 873: 870: 867: 864: 861: 858: 854: 853: 852:numeric range 843: 840: 837: 836:Specification 834: 831: 828: 825: 822: 819: 810: 807: 784: 783: 780: 774: 767: 760: 754: 748: 737: 734: 693: 690: 677: 674: 656: 653: 606: 603: 580: 577: 556:I.F. amplifier 478: 475: 474: 473: 466: 457: 454: 453: 452: 448: 382: 379: 378: 377: 374: 367: 365: 359: 352: 350: 343: 336: 293:evacuation tip 231: 224: 223: 222: 213: 212: 211: 210: 209: 207: 204: 163: 160: 118: 115: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3581: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3534: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3512:Marconi-Osram 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3486:Fleming valve 3484: 3482: 3481:Williams tube 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3292:Glowing anode 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3262:Work function 3260: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3237: 3232: 3230: 3225: 3223: 3218: 3217: 3214: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3154: 3150: 3144: 3141: 3136: 3130: 3114: 3107: 3104: 3099: 3093: 3090: 3077: 3071: 3068: 3064:. 2011-02-17. 3063: 3059: 3053: 3050: 3038: 3031: 3024: 3021: 3009: 3002: 2999: 2987: 2981: 2978: 2965: 2959: 2956: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2929: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2904: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2880: 2873: 2870: 2857: 2851: 2848: 2843: 2837: 2834: 2822: 2816: 2813: 2801: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2777: 2771: 2768: 2763: 2757: 2754: 2742: 2736: 2733: 2721: 2717: 2711: 2708: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2673: 2667: 2664: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2636: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2619: 2616: 2611: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2592: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2567: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2532: 2529: 2524: 2518: 2514: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2484: 2479: 2476: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2440: 2434: 2431: 2426: 2419: 2416: 2408: 2407: 2400: 2397: 2393:. Magnecraft. 2389: 2388: 2381: 2378: 2367: 2363: 2357: 2354: 2347: 2344: 2332: 2325: 2318: 2315: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2275: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2243: 2239: 2233: 2230: 2218: 2214: 2207: 2204: 2192: 2188: 2181: 2178: 2166: 2162: 2155: 2152: 2140: 2136: 2130: 2127: 2114: 2110: 2103: 2100: 2094: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2077:IEC 67-I-17a 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2017:1960s - 1970s 2016: 2011: 2008: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1975:1950s - 1970s 1974: 1971: 1968: 1963: 1960: 1958:Duodekal, B12 1957: 1954: 1951: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1897: 1893: 1890: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1860: 1857: 1855:1960s - 1970s 1854: 1850:IEC 67-I-41a 1849: 1846: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1716: 1711: 1708: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1538:(short-lived) 1535:1938 - ? 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1401: 1396: 1393: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1301: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1255:British 7-pin 1254: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1137: 1134: 1130:US 5-contact 1129: 1124: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1064: 1059:1920s - 1930s 1058: 1055: 1052: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1005: 999: 997: 994: 987: 984: 979: 976: 973: 970: 967: 966: 962: 959: 956: 950: 948: 945: 939: 936: 933: 927: 924: 921: 920: 916: 913: 910: 907: 904: 901: 898: 896: 893: 890: 887: 886: 882: 879: 876: 874: 871: 868: 865: 863:US Pee Wee 3p 862: 859: 856: 855: 851: 847: 844: 841: 838: 835: 833:Pin thickness 832: 829: 826: 823: 821:Standard Name 820: 817: 816: 813: 808: 806: 804: 798: 796: 791: 788: 781: 778: 775: 771: 768: 764: 761: 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 743: 742: 741: 735: 733: 731: 730:tape recorder 727: 722: 718: 716: 711: 707: 698: 691: 689: 687: 683: 675: 673: 671: 666: 662: 655:Duodecar base 654: 652: 649: 646: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 623:United States 619: 617: 612: 604: 602: 600: 598: 594: 590: 586: 578: 576: 574: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 531: 529: 525: 520: 518: 512: 510: 505: 501: 500: 494: 492: 483: 476: 471: 467: 464: 460: 459: 456:Other loctals 455: 449: 445: 444: 443: 441: 437: 433: 428: 424: 420: 417: 413: 409: 404: 400: 396: 387: 380: 371: 366: 363: 356: 351: 347: 340: 335: 333: 331: 327: 322: 320: 315: 313: 309: 305: 300: 298: 294: 288: 286: 262: 258: 247: 243: 239: 236:(not shown), 235: 228: 217: 205: 203: 199: 196: 191: 189: 184: 182: 178: 168: 161: 159: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 130: 129: 125: 116: 110: 106: 103: 99: 95: 91: 86: 84: 79: 75: 70: 66: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 37: 32: 19: 3569:Vacuum tubes 3547: 3451:Storage tube 3345:Beam tetrode 3277:Control grid 3272:Space charge 3156:. Retrieved 3152: 3143: 3117:. Retrieved 3106: 3092: 3080:. Retrieved 3070: 3061: 3052: 3040:. Retrieved 3036: 3023: 3011:. Retrieved 3001: 2989:. Retrieved 2980: 2968:. Retrieved 2958: 2944: 2932:. Retrieved 2907:. Retrieved 2882:. Retrieved 2872: 2860:. Retrieved 2850: 2836: 2824:. Retrieved 2815: 2803:. Retrieved 2794: 2786: 2779:. Retrieved 2770: 2761: 2756: 2744:. Retrieved 2735: 2723:. Retrieved 2719: 2710: 2698:. Retrieved 2694:"Pee Wee 3p" 2688: 2676:. Retrieved 2666: 2652: 2643: 2629: 2618: 2598: 2591: 2582: 2570:. Retrieved 2565: 2553: 2542: 2531: 2512: 2478: 2466:. Retrieved 2457: 2445:. Retrieved 2433: 2424: 2418: 2405: 2399: 2386: 2380: 2369:. Retrieved 2365: 2356: 2346: 2334:. Retrieved 2331:Schmid-Mainz 2330: 2317: 2308: 2300: 2291: 2283: 2274: 2266: 2257: 2245:. Retrieved 2241: 2232: 2220:. Retrieved 2216: 2206: 2194:. Retrieved 2190: 2180: 2168:. Retrieved 2164: 2154: 2142:. Retrieved 2138: 2135:"Tube Bases" 2129: 2117:. 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KyteLabs. 2934:10 February 2928:"ATP4 tube" 2412:. Amperite. 2284:Electronics 2014:E12-74(T12) 1930:Magnal, B11 1924:Sub-Magnal 1805:JEDEC E9-89 1803:JEDEC E9-65 1764:1960s-1970s 1761:JEDEC E9-23 1727:12AX7/ECC83 1478:IEC 67-I-5a 1299:3x52°,4x51° 830:Pin Layout 818:Common Name 803:transistors 777:Neo Eightar 643:transistors 536:Model BP-10 499:Electronics 395:loctal base 248:(not shown) 177:World War I 162:Early bases 136: 1911 63:Nixie tubes 57:had vacuum 55:drug stores 49:into which 3471:Trochotron 3401:Iconoscope 3391:Compactron 3386:Charactron 3330:Acorn tube 3197:Compactron 3119:13 October 2986:"Base B9G" 2964:"Base B8B" 2842:"Base UX6" 2716:"Base B3G" 2674:. KyteLabs 2371:2016-01-22 2247:4 November 2095:References 2012:E12-70(T9) 1996:Compactron 1966:30° angles 1894:6C9, 17C9 1714:JEDEC E9-1 1617:6CU7/ECH42 1390:1S4/DL91, 770:Sub-Magnal 710:acorn tube 665:Compactron 605:Noval base 509:Compactron 261:octal base 148:thyratrons 126:Spherical 18:Octal tube 3436:Phototube 3431:Monoscope 3426:Magnetron 3421:Magic eye 3411:Kinescope 3355:Pentagrid 3153:Tube Data 3082:7 January 2970:8 January 2909:7 January 2862:9 January 2856:"Base B7" 2821:"Base B5" 2800:"Base B4" 2781:7 January 2700:7 January 2678:7 January 2566:Radio Age 2468:25 August 2295:Editors, 2261:Editors, 2119:9 January 2059:Nuvistor 1952:DuoDecal 1829:or B10C? 1740:Magnoval 1731:6BQ5/EL84 1676:EF54 EL60 1488:6CA7/EL34 1302:3.2mm x5, 988:2.3mm x3 827:Base Pins 721:Nuvistors 692:UHF tubes 517:heat sink 432:nominally 238:vibrators 81:into the 3563:Category 3536:Examples 3416:Klystron 3396:Eidophor 3371:Additron 3335:Nuvistor 3202:Amphenol 3192:Nuvistor 3170:See also 3129:cite web 3098:"PCF201" 2044:<1mm 2029:Nuvistor 1987:Duodecar 1886:Sylvania 1774:500-599 1719:present 1572:Sylvania 1492:6L6/5881 1415:P-Type, 1323:2B7, 6A7 1241:1F6, 2A5 1211:US 6-pin 974:WD-4-Pin 914:D1, EA50 899:3 (+top) 857:Pee-Wee 846:European 842:Examples 773:86-CP-11 766:socket). 757:Magnoval 670:Duodecal 661:Duodecar 633:-ECC83, 564:Detector 562: — 554: — 546: — 403:Sylvania 297:bakelite 181:bakelite 154:, had a 124:Deforest 74:soldered 3527:Russian 3350:Pentode 3340:Tetrode 3158:20 July 2725:20 July 2572:20 July 2463:"DAC21" 2447:20 July 2336:20 July 2222:20 July 2196:20 July 2170:20 July 2144:20 July 2074:<1mm 1994:12-Pin- 1883:1.016mm 1861:200-299 1847:1.016mm 1808:1959 - 1717:1948 - 1709:1.016mm 1657:Philips 1603:1.015mm 1587:Rimlock 1483:present 1481:1935 - 1446:usually 1435:Philips 1397:90-99, 1386:present 1384:1939 - 1378:1.016mm 1331:Septar 1304:3.9mm 993:(pin 2) 990:3.1mm 682:Rimlock 528:Fernico 412:Fernico 399:lock-in 278:⁄ 268:⁄ 240:(top), 186:Before 94:top cap 3361:Nonode 3325:Triode 3320:Audion 3297:Getter 3042:26 May 3013:25 May 2991:25 May 2884:26 May 2826:25 May 2805:25 May 2746:25 May 2606: 2519: 2082:1959 - 2047:E5-65 2035:E5-65 2009:1.02mm 1972:B12-43 1969:2.36mm 1939:1.27mm 1868:Decar 1823:Decal 1800:1.02mm 1779:Novar 1756:1.27mm 1679:50-60 1628:Loctal 1622:40-49 1609:1940s 1557:or B8B 1551:Loctal 1529:2.36mm 1473:2.36mm 1314:1930's 1269:1930s 1232:1930's 1048:4.0mm 1041:3.2mm 911:1937 - 880:ZA1004 877:1937 - 872:2.36mm 839:Period 593:heptal 591:" or " 524:Cunife 451:base). 416:Cunife 408:Philco 381:Loctal 312:relays 285:spigot 234:relays 206:Octal 128:Audion 3507:RETMA 3315:Diode 3307:Types 3287:Anode 3033:(PDF) 2562:(PDF) 2442:(PDF) 2410:(PDF) 2391:(PDF) 2327:(PDF) 2238:"C6A" 2052:8393 1901:Y10A 1874:Dekar 1863:2000 1836:Dekal 1826:B10B 1690:Noval 1672:EC52 1661:1938 1653:1.3mm 1619:,EL41 1569:1.3mm 1555:B8G 1532:Mazda 1500:6V6GT 1453:Octal 1438:1930s 1429:5x54° 1394:, 6X4 1264:3.2mm 1219:6x60° 1183:3.2mm 1151:1920s 1148:A5-11 1098:3.2mm 1056:A4-10 1010:WD-11 946:3.2mm 908:Mazda 763:Novar 751:Decar 745:Decal 726:Ampex 631:12AX7 611:Noval 587:(or " 326:hi-fi 131:from 102:anode 85:era. 3160:2013 3135:link 3121:2014 3084:2013 3044:2014 3015:2014 2993:2014 2972:2013 2936:2015 2911:2013 2886:2014 2864:2013 2828:2014 2807:2014 2783:2013 2748:2014 2727:2013 2702:2013 2680:2013 2604:ISBN 2574:2013 2517:ISBN 2470:2012 2449:2013 2338:2013 2249:2019 2224:2013 2198:2013 2172:2013 2146:2013 2121:2013 2062:B12K 1991:B12C 1955:B12A 1942:RCA? 1927:B11A 1871:B10G 1674:EF50 1634:pin 1575:1939 1496:6SN7 1444:1-9 1392:6AQ5 1334:B7A 1285:UX7 1205:UX6 1197:B443 1125:U5A 1122:UX5 1120:UY5 1074:866A 1070:300B 1019:UX4 968:UV4 715:2C43 686:e.g. 680:The 659:The 639:EL84 637:and 635:EF86 627:e.g. 616:e.g. 597:e.g. 583:The 463:EF50 447:1942 362:6SN7 328:and 45:are 3522:JIS 3502:RMA 1907:10 1782:B9E 1743:B9D 1695:B9A 1666:Pye 1637:B9G 1591:B8A 1517:K8B 1462:A08 1457:K8A 1441:AL3 1417:Ct8 1412:P8A 1364:B7G 1288:U7A 1252:M7A 1249:B7 1208:U6A 1165:O5A 1162:B5 1145:3.? 1127:B5C 1086:A4A 1083:B4 1022:U4A 971:B4B 925:H3A 905:1mm 891:B3G 860:B3A 706:UHF 585:B7G 568:1S4 560:1S5 558:; 552:1T4 544:1R5 526:or 504:VHF 440:end 414:or 397:or 346:6L6 3565:: 3151:. 3131:}} 3127:{{ 3060:. 3035:. 2919:^ 2894:^ 2785:. 2718:. 2564:. 2503:^ 2489:^ 2364:. 2329:. 2299:, 2282:, 2265:, 2240:. 2215:. 2189:. 2163:. 2137:. 2111:. 2088:- 2068:12 2038:5 2023:- 2001:12 1981:- 1961:12 1933:11 1877:10 1839:10 1818:- 1729:, 1545:- 1502:, 1498:, 1494:, 1490:, 1339:7 1326:- 1280:- 1244:- 1200:- 1157:- 1135:5 1115:- 1078:- 1014:- 963:- 917:- 883:- 848:/ 629:, 550:; 280:16 270:16 266:11 133:c. 3235:e 3228:t 3221:v 3162:. 3137:) 3123:. 3100:. 3086:. 3046:. 3017:. 2995:. 2974:. 2938:. 2913:. 2888:. 2866:. 2830:. 2809:. 2750:. 2729:. 2704:. 2682:. 2660:. 2637:. 2612:. 2576:. 2525:. 2472:. 2451:. 2374:. 2340:. 2251:. 2226:. 2200:. 2174:. 2148:. 2123:. 1788:9 1748:9 1701:9 1643:9 1632:9 1630:- 1597:8 1563:8 1523:8 1467:8 1422:8 1402:, 1370:7 1294:7 1258:7 1214:6 1171:5 1092:4 1033:4 977:4 937:3 866:3 472:. 436:x 348:. 276:5 20:)

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