574:
515:, that he was an anti-Nazi German colonel and that they should work together. He learned from Marsac the location of Churchill and Sansom, got a letter of introduction to them from him, and proceeded to Saint-Jorioz where he introduced himself to Sansom as "Colonel Henri". He spun a tale to her of them travelling together to London to "discuss means of ending the war." He then departed Saint-Jorioz with a plan to return and for them to leave France together clandestinely by aircraft on April 18. Sansom instructed Rabinovich to send a wireless message to SOE headquarters in London reporting the contact. London replied immediately: "Henri highly dangerous... you are to hide across lake and cut contacts with all save Arnaud ..."
894:
743:
877:
442:
911:
461:, a Girard courier, was obtained by the Germans. With Sansom stranded in Cannes, Churchill obtained Buckmaster's permission to scrap her original mission and for her to act as his courier. Sansom, posing as "Madame Odette Metayer", was required to find food and lodging for Rabinovitch, who was in France illegally and had no ration card, as well as to tend to air drops that were sometimes carelessly placed in dangerous areas. Her work brought her initially to
97:
792:
860:
843:
533:
465:, then considered a dangerous town because of its infiltration by German agents. Sansom was shocked by the lax attitude towards security by her French supporters. Sansom grew close to Churchill and to Rabinovitch, whom she liked and trusted. She later recalled that she had suspicions of disloyalty about other members of the Spindle network, but declined to identify whom she suspected.
826:
613:
if I can think that way instead of thinking what is going to happen in a half-hour's time," because of her past illnesses, she knew "I was able to accept this, and survive it." By accepting death, she felt that "they would not win anything. They'll have a dead body, useless to them. They won't have me. I won't let them have me." She described it as a "kind of bargaining."
44:
721:
fame that the movie brought to Odette Sansom and Peter
Churchill also brought criticism from their former associates in SOE and the French Resistance. A manifesto signed by about 20 former associates accused Churchill of being in France only to collect material for a book about his experiences and asked what acts of sabotage he and Odette had carried out.
589:
placed in solitary confinement. Her conditions only improved in
December 1944, when she was moved to a ground floor cell. The cell was located near the crematorium and would be covered with burned hair from the cremations. At one point toward the end of the war, she witnessed an instance of cannibalism of a dead inmate by starving prisoners.
809:
553:, that she was his wife, and that he knew nothing of her activities. The hope was that, in this way, their treatment would be mitigated. The British had calculated that, if the Germans thought she was related to the British Prime Minister, they would want to keep her alive as a possible bargaining tool.
612:
Sansom said she believed she was "not brave, not courageous, but just made up mind about certain things." She recalled in a post-war interview that while everyone has a breaking point, her feeling was that if she could "survive the next minute without breaking up, that is another minute of life. And
608:
Sansom was aided in her endurance in prison by her early blindness and paralysis, and by the example of her grandfather, who "did not accept weakness very easily." She also accepted in advance that she might be captured by the
Germans. She adopted an attitude of defiance, and found that this resulted
588:
in August 1944, on orders from Berlin, all food was withdrawn for a week, all light was removed from Sansom's cell, and the heat was turned up. Despite a report by the camp doctor that she would not survive such conditions for more than a few weeks, after being found unconscious in her cell, she was
636:
In 1951, her home was burgled and the George Cross stolen. After an appeal by her mother, it was returned with a note saying: "You, Madame, appear to be a dear old lady. God bless you and your children. I thank you for having faith in me. I am not all that bad — it's just circumstances. Your little
387:
Originally Sansom was considered too temperamental and stubborn by SOE, with an evaluation stating "She is impulsive and hasty in her judgments and has not quite the clarity of mind which is desirable in subversive activity. She seems to have little experience of the outside world. She is excitable
720:
played
Churchill. Buckmaster played himself in the film, and Sansom, then known as Odette Churchill, wrote a personal message that appeared at the end of the film, which was well received. Odette Churchill had opposed making the film in Hollywood, for fear that the film would be fictionalised. The
675:
Sansom, known as Odette
Churchill after her marriage, gained considerable fame after the publication of a 1949 biography and a film on her war work and prison ordeal in 1950. She became what one biographer described as a "celebrated heroine on both sides of the Channel." However, her story was not
556:
Sansom succeeded in diverting attention from
Churchill, who was subject to only two interrogations, and protected the identities of the two officers whose locations were known only to her. Bleicher occasionally appeared and suggested that they might go to concerts and visit restaurants together in
518:
Churchill was in London consulting with SOE at the time of
Bleicher's meeting with Sansom. He was warned to avoid contact with Sansom and 'Colonel Henri" on his return to France, but when he was parachuted back into the Annecy area on April 14/15, he was met by Sansom and Rabinovich. As Sansom did
702:
Documents disclosed long after the war indicate that her superiors had to fight for Sansom's George Cross, because she was unable to prove that she had been tortured by the Nazis and that she had not betrayed her fellow agents. The medal was awarded after medical records and eyewitness testimony
548:
fourteen times. She was subjected to torture. Her back was scorched with a red-hot poker and all of her toenails were pulled out. She refused to disclose the whereabouts of
Rabinovitch and another British agent, stuck to her fabricated cover story that Churchill was the nephew of Prime Minister
616:
The
Germans generally found persons of the prisoners' own nationality to carry out the torture, she later recalled, so that one "could not say they were tortured by the Germans." Her torture was carried out by a "very good-looking young Frenchman" who she believed was mentally ill.
330:
and married him in
Boulogne-sur-Mer on 27 October 1931, moving with him to Britain. The couple had three daughters: Françoise Edith, born 1932 in Boulogne; Lily Marie, born 1934 in Fulham; and Marianne Odette, born 1936 in Fulham. Mr. Sansom joined the army at the beginning of the
596:
forced Sansom into his car and drove to the advancing Americans to surrender. He hoped that her supposed connections to the Prime Minister might allow him to negotiate his way out of execution. Sansom removed Suhren's pistol, which is now held in the Imperial War Museum.
388:
and temperamental, although she has a certain determination." However, the evaluation noted "her patriotism and keenness to do something for France." Buckmaster allowed her training to continue regardless. A bad fall during training ruled out parachute entry into France.
259:
The purpose of SOE was to conduct espionage, sabotage, and reconnaissance in occupied Europe against the Axis powers, especially Germany. SOE agents allied themselves with resistance groups and supplied them with weapons and equipment parachuted in from England.
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not anticipate Henri's return until April 18, she and Churchill proceeded to the hotel in Saint-Jorioz. At 2:00 a.m. on April 16, Bleicher, no longer in the guise of "Colonel Henri", appeared in the hotel with Italian soldiers and arrested Sansom and Churchill.
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Her wartime experiences and endurance of a brutal interrogation and imprisonment, which were chronicled in books and a motion picture, made her one of the most celebrated members of the SOE, and one of the few to survive Nazi imprisonment.
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appealed for postcards or family photographs taken on the French coastline for possible war use. Hearing the broadcast, Sansom wrote that she had photographs taken around Boulogne, but she mistakenly sent her letter to the
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In June 1943, Sansom was condemned to death on two counts, to which she responded, "Then you will have to make up your mind on what count I am to be executed, because I can only die once." Infuriated, Bleicher sent her to
377:
1713:
Born 16 Aug 1886 in Abbeville, France, moved to England with her daughter and died in 1960. She is buried with Odette at Burvale cemetery where her name is given as Yvonne Marie Rose Brailly.
1972:
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Born 26 Feb 1881 in Ivry-sur-Seine, France, died 14 Oct 1918 from wounds received on 26 September at the battle of Mesnil. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre with a bronze star.
1967:
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In January 1943, the Spindle team of Churchill, Rabinovich, and Sansom, feeling vulnerable to German capture, moved north from the French Riviera to the quiet Italian-occupied
1962:
1937:
493:
visited Annecy briefly in March or early April 1943 and assessed the security of Churchill and Sansom's network as deficient and likely to be penetrated by the Germans.
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747:
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1947:
485:. They were joined there by several other members of the Carte network and SOE, a gathering which attracted the attention of the Italian fascist police and the
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20 August 1946), all for work with the SOE. She remains the only woman to have received the George Cross while alive, all other female awards to date being
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1982:
637:
dog really loves me. I gave him a nice pat and left him a piece of meat — out of fridge. Sincerely yours, A Bad Egg." In 1955, she co-founded the annual
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168:
1932:
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The son of Lillie née Parkington and Abbey Sansom of Colchester. After the war and his separation from Odette he married Carla Schmidt (1921–2004).
899:
323:, which resulted in her being bedridden for months. She had a convent education and was considered difficult, perhaps because of her illnesses.
642:
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1977:
633:, which resulted in Suhren's execution in 1950. Roy and Odette's marriage was dissolved in 1946 and she married Peter Churchill in 1947.
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for heroism. She had one brother. As a child she contracted serious illnesses which blinded her for three and a half years, as well as
299:, France; the daughter of Emma Rose Marie Yvonne née Quennehen and Florentin Désiré Eugène 'Gaston' Brailly, a bank manager, killed at
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1952:
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946:, "Les fonds d'archives" > "Registres numérisés" > "Registres d’Etat Civil" > "Naissances" > "1912 " > "vue 150/531".
376:, which supplied SOE with support personnel. She left her three daughters in a convent school, and was trained to be sent into Nazi-
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In Ravensbruck, Sansom was kept in a punishment block cell, on a starvation diet, and could hear other prisoners being beaten.
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by France. The following information relating to her war service uses 'Sansom' as this was her surname during this period.
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402:, who trained in the same SOE class, said Sansom always wanted to be the centre of attention and often compared herself to
1942:
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At the time of her arrival in France, the Spindle network was beset by internal strife between the principal agent,
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271:(whom she later married). In January 1943, to evade arrest, Churchill and Sansom moved their operations to near
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train after her; the ceremony in Odette's honour was held at Paddington Station in London and attended by
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426:. Her code name was "Lise". Sansom's initial objective was to contact the French Resistance on the
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and was the first of three Second World War First Aid Nursing Yeomanry members to be awarded the
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without controversy. Some officials did not believe her story and cast doubt upon her integrity.
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Paris, in return for which he hoped she could be induced to talk. Sansom rejected the overtures.
362:
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Behind Enemy Lines: Gender, Passing and the Special Operations Executive in the Second World War
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398:, called Sansom "a dreadful lady" and deplored what he portrayed as her seductive behaviour.
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released a postage stamp featuring Hallowes as part of its "Britons of Distinction" series.
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Odette Marie LĂ©onie CĂ©line Brailly was born on 28 April 1912 at 208, rue des Corroyers in
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in the French Alps. She and Churchill were arrested there on 16 April 1943 by spy-hunter
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in a degree of respect by her captors and helped her survive the imprisonment mentally.
1215:
Foot, M. R. D. (1966), "SOE in France," London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, p. 252
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Peter Churchill survived the war but Rabinovitch was executed by the Gestapo in 1944.
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481:. Churchill and Sansom took up residence at the Hotel de la Poste in the village of
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Sansom arrived in France on 2 November 1942 and worked as a courier with the
17:
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When the Allies were only a few miles from RavensbrĂĽck, the camp commandant
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1776:
Code name: Lise: The True Story of World War II's Most Highly Decorated Spy
43:
1584:"Sansom, Odette Marie CĂ©line (Imperial War Museums interview) Reel Three"
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395:
336:
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1309:"Sansom, Odette Marie CĂ©line (Imperial War Museums interview) Reel Two"
1037:"Sansom, Odette Marie CĂ©line (Imperial War Museums interview) Reel One"
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431:
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instead of the Admiralty. That brought her to the attention of Colonel
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officer, arrested Marsac, persuading him and another Carte associate,
980:"Odette Sansom – Special Operations Executive (SOE) Agents in France"
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66:
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She served as a technical advisor on a film on her fellow SOE agent
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531:
497:
440:
1757:
The Heroines of SOE: F Section: Britain's Secret Women in France
1264:
Undercover: The Men and Women of the SOE, Patrick Howarth, 1980
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on the night of 2 November 1942, and made contact with Captain
1460:"Peter Churchill, British Hero Of the French Resistance, Dies"
1082:"War heroine Odette was deemed 'too temperamental' for spying"
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and Lady Georgina Coleridge (journalist and daughter of the
1303:
1301:
1299:
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394:, one of SOE's most successful agents and a self-described
1654:"GWR train named after decorated WWII spy Odette Hallowes"
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1021:
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She met an Englishman, Roy Patrick Sansom (1911–1957), in
1740:
Medal entitlement reflects medals Hallowes wore post-war.
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As cover for her secret work, Sansom was enrolled in the
1248:
1246:
625:
Sansom testified against the prison guards charged with
1060:
1058:
1891:
Newsreel footage of marriage to Peter Churchill, 1947
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Consultancy, Ministry & Mission by George Lovell
652:
She was divorced from Churchill in 1955 and married
706:Her wartime record was the subject of a 1950 film,
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136:
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108:
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53:
34:
1680:"Odette Sansom Hallowes GC MBE (Direct Recipient)"
936:
934:
453:, his assistant and the network's radio operator,
815:Member of the Order of the British Empire (Civil)
220:; 28 April 1912 – 13 March 1995), also known as
1778:(Hardcover ed.). New York: Gallery Books.
944:Archives communales et communautaires d'Amiens
457:. A list of 200 potential supporters, lost by
422:, who headed Spindle, an SOE network based in
335:, and Odette Sansom and the children moved to
279:. She spent the rest of the war imprisoned in
1973:French Special Operations Executive personnel
1118:Hewson, David in Walters, Anne-Marie (2009),
544:, near Paris, Sansom was interrogated by the
8:
1529:(Supplement). 26 October 1945. p. 5281.
438:to establish a safe house for other agents.
248:. She was the first woman to be awarded the
1549:(Supplement). 16 August 1946. p. 4175.
1376:
1374:
1372:
1277:, Manchester University Press, 2007, p. 157
695:. She was also appointed a Chevalier de la
1963:Members of the Order of the British Empire
1613:. London: William Kimber. pp. 35–38.
252:by the United Kingdom and was awarded the
42:
31:
1938:Female resistance members of World War II
699:for her work with the French Resistance.
681:Member of the Order of the British Empire
169:Member of the Order of the British Empire
1968:RavensbrĂĽck concentration camp survivors
1363:
1136:. New York: Broadway Books. p. r5.
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1174:. London: William Collins. p. 63.
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900:Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal
1880:Biography of SOE agent Odette Hallowes
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1333:
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586:Allied landings in the south of France
414:Sansom made a landing on a beach near
1948:French recipients of the George Cross
307:in 1918 and posthumously awarded the
7:
1857:Odette: The story of a British agent
1493:Odette: the story of a British agent
27:French resistance member (1912–1995)
1812:Odette: World War Two's Darling Spy
1240:New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, p. 112
1160:, New York: Gallery Books, p. 81–84
883:Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal
201:Odette Marie LĂ©onie CĂ©line Hallowes
1859:. London, UK: Chapman & Hall.
1495:, Chapman & Hall, London, 1949
1109:New York: Penguin Press, pp. 27–28
25:
1983:First Aid Nursing Yeomanry people
1814:. London, UK: The History Press.
1759:. Stroud, UK: The History Press.
1634:Ian Billings (23 February 2012).
1569:. 17 November 1950. p. 5741.
1383:"OBITUARY : Odette Hallowes"
656:, a former SOE officer, in 1956.
909:
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790:
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1933:Knights of the Legion of Honour
1381:M. R. D. Foot (17 March 1995).
1080:Hastings, Chris (11 May 2003).
1886:Imperial War Museums Interview
569:Ravensbruck concentration camp
563:RavensbrĂĽck concentration camp
281:RavensbrĂĽck Concentration Camp
267:(or circuit) of SOE headed by
1:
1840:. London, UK: H. Aschehough.
1611:The German Penetration of SOE
1609:Fuller, Jean Overton (1975).
1122:Wiltshire: Moho Books, p. 267
659:She died on 13 March 1995 in
1978:French women in World War II
1440:. Nla.gov.au. 7 October 1951
367:Special Operations Executive
238:Special Operations Executive
141:Special Operations Executive
577:Ravensbruck inmates in 1939
352:In the spring of 1942, the
2009:
781:Her honours consisted of:
631:Hamburg RavensbrĂĽck Trials
500:in mid-March, spy-catcher
374:First Aid Nursing Yeomanry
115:First Aid Nursing Yeomanry
1988:20th-century French women
1953:French Resistance members
1855:Tickell, Jerrard (1956).
1836:Salvesen, Sylvia (1947).
1797:. London, UK: Continuum.
754:On 23 February 2012, the
731:Carve Her Name with Pride
41:
1636:"Britons of Distinction"
1236:Cookride, E. H. (1967),
343:Second World War service
1810:Starnes, Penny (2010).
1793:Lovell, George (2000).
1170:Ashdown, Paddy (2014).
1105:Glass, Charles (2018),
750:train carrying her name
639:Women of the Year Lunch
48:Odette Hallowes in 1946
1958:French torture victims
1882:at Nigel Perrin's site
1774:Loftis, Larry (2019).
1755:Escott, Beryl (2012).
751:
578:
537:
446:
36:Odette Sansom Hallowes
1828:Kramer, Rita (1966).
1684:Victoria Cross Online
763:Great Western Railway
748:Great Western Railway
745:
647:Marquess of Tweeddale
576:
535:
444:
232:was an agent for the
121:Years of service
1943:Female wartime spies
1838:Tilgi, men glem ikke
1830:Flames in the Fields
1588:Imperial War Museums
1351:Imperial War Museums
1313:Imperial War Museums
1273:Juliette Pattinson,
1132:Rose, Sarah (2020).
1120:Moondrop to Gascony,
1041:Imperial War Museums
771:Anne, Princess Royal
703:supported her case.
679:She was appointed a
667:, England, aged 82.
184:Roy Sansom (1931–46)
1194:Loftis, pp. 102–105
509:counterintelligence
455:Adolphe Rabinovitch
445:Adolphe Rabinovitch
430:, and then move to
303:shortly before the
1566:The London Gazette
1546:The London Gazette
1526:The London Gazette
1464:The New York Times
1410:The Glasgow Herald
1366:, p. 303–307.
1347:"Odette Sansom GC"
1238:Set Europe Ablaze,
1107:They Fought Alone,
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447:
363:Maurice Buckmaster
339:for their safety.
316:MĂ©daille militaire
1590:. 31 October 1986
1491:Tickell, Jerrard
1436:The Sunday Herald
1315:. 31 October 1986
1206:, pp. 66–67.
1172:The Cruel Victory
1043:. 31 October 1986
1015:, pp. 64–69.
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866:War Medal 1939-45
654:Geoffrey Hallowes
551:Winston Churchill
491:Francis Cammaerts
410:Service in France
382:French Resistance
380:to work with the
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192:Geoffrey Hallowes
86:, Surrey, England
16:(Redirected from
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777:Military honours
761:On 6 March 2020
697:LĂ©gion d'honneur
661:Walton-on-Thames
604:Survival methods
348:Recruited by SOE
333:Second World War
254:LĂ©gion d'honneur
246:Second World War
222:Odette Churchill
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174:LĂ©gion d'honneur
172:Chevalier de la
155:Second World War
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1993:Polio survivors
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1832:. Penguin Books
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1687:. Retrieved
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1505:Starnes 2010
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1065:Tickell 1956
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1561:"No. 39069"
1541:"No. 37693"
1521:"No. 37328"
1334:Lovell 2000
1225:Escott 2012
1204:Escott 2012
1134:D-Day Girls
1013:Escott 2012
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714:Anna Neagle
479:French Alps
404:Joan of Arc
291:Early years
244:during the
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1803:B01K93616E
1620:0718300645
926:References
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305:Armistice
240:(SOE) in
194:(1956–95)
189:(1947–55)
181:Spouse(s)
124:1942–1945
1658:BBC News
1477:21 March
1444:6 August
1418:6 August
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765:named a
689:gazetted
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436:Burgundy
396:martinet
337:Somerset
328:Boulogne
176:(France)
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69:, France
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1861:ASIN
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