526:
518:
86:
228:
352:
61:
42:
510:
545:; these include zero to two rows of small teeth at the upper symphysis (jaw midpoint) and two to four more rows at the lower symphysis. In each half of the upper jaw, the teeth in the first and second rows are large, those in the third and sometimes fourth rows are small, and those in the rows after are large again. Each tooth has a narrow, awl-like central
687:
One account of a bigeye sand tiger that had been caught alive noted that it behaved very aggressively, thrashing and snapping violently in and out of the water. Its large eyes and uniformly dark coloration are characteristic traits of a mesopelagic fish. The bigeye sand tiger feeds on
584:, each with three horizontal ridges leading to marginal teeth. This species is plain dark reddish brown to chocolate brown, sometimes with black trailing margins on the fins or a white-tipped first dorsal fin. The eyes are dark orange with vertically oval, green-tinted
430:). Until more specimens were examined in the 1980s, some authors speculated that this species represented an extreme variant of the smalltooth sand tiger. Other names for this shark include black sand tiger, oceanic sand tiger, and bigeye ragged-tooth shark.
919:
Naylor, G.J.; Caira, J.N.; Jensen, K.; Rosana, K.A.; Straube, N.; Lakner, C. (2012). "Elasmobranch phylogeny: A mitochondrial estimate based on 595 species". In
Carrier, J.C.; Musick, J.A.; Heithaus, M.R. (eds.).
285:, with a possible worldwide distribution. A large, bulky species reaching at least 3.6 m (12 ft) in length, the bigeye sand tiger has a long bulbous snout, large orange eyes without
533:
With its heavyset body, conical bulbous snout, and large mouth filled with protruding teeth, the bigeye sand tiger looks much like the better-known sand tiger shark. The large eyes lack
580:. The lower lobe of the caudal fin is short but distinct, while the upper lobe is long and has a deep notch in the trailing margin near the tip. The skin is covered by overlapping
568:. The second dorsal fin is about half the size of the first and originates over the rear tips of the pelvic fins. The pelvic fins are almost as large as the first dorsal fin. The
724:
at somewhere between 2.2 and 3.2 m (7.2 and 10.5 ft) long, while females mature at around 3.2 m (10 ft) long. No information is available on growth or aging.
549:
flanked by one smaller cusplet on each side; this contrasts with the smalltooth sand tiger, which has two or three lateral cusplets on each side. There are five pairs of
659:
and in mid-water. Others were fished from parts of the open ocean that were 4.5–5.3 km (2.8–3.3 mi) deep, where they were swimming in the upper levels of the
1744:
749:
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541:. The corner of the mouth extends to behind the level of the eyes, and the jaws are highly protrusible. There are 34–43 upper and 37–46 lower
1809:
1160:
929:
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Though extremely rare, the bigeye sand tiger has been reported from scattered locations around the world, suggesting a wide and possibly
636:
is another possibility. The existence of this species in the
Pacific Ocean was first suspected in 1970 from teeth recovered from bottom
1692:
965:
852:
757:
1835:
651:
The bigeye sand tiger has been caught between the depths of 60 and 1,000 m (200 and 3,280 ft). Some were recorded over
1895:
1880:
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at night to feed. In
Brazilian waters, bigeye sand tigers are only captured in spring, hinting at some type of seasonal
1666:
1801:
85:
588:. There are several black patches inside the mouth, such as around the jaws, on the floor of the mouth, and on the
1875:
1153:
612:
oceanic waters. Most known specimens have come from the
Atlantic, where it has been found off Madeira, southern
1644:
1885:
664:
628:. The only evidence for its presence in the Indian Ocean is a set of jaws that may have originated from the
305:
289:, and a capacious mouth with the narrow teeth prominently exposed. It can be distinguished from the similar
592:. The largest male and female specimens measured 3.6 and 3.3 m (12 and 11 ft) long respectively.
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538:
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297:) by its teeth, which have only one lateral cusplet on each side, and by its uniformly dark brown color.
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601:
423:
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200:
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Sharks of the World: An
Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date (Volume 2)
732:
Because the bigeye sand tiger is encountered so infrequently, it has no commercial importance. It is
534:
446:
433:
Whether the bigeye and smalltooth sand tigers belong in the same family as the superficially similar
286:
696:. Its reproduction is little-known but probably similar to that of other mackerel sharks, which are
304:
and oceanic waters at depths of 60–1,000 m (200–3,280 ft), the bigeye sand tiger may make
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80:
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Maul, G.E. (1955). "Five species of rare sharks new for
Madeira including two new to science".
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320:, and its sizable eyes and dark coloration suggest that it may spend most of its time in the
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663:. Nighttime captures from relatively shallow depths suggest that this species may make a
387:
217:
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The first known bigeye sand tiger was a female 1.7 m (5.6 ft) long caught off
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753:
676:
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402:, the late Director of the Funchal Museum. Maul assigned his new species to the genus
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41:
17:
847:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. pp. 55–57, 66–67.
1125:"Biology of the Bigeye Ragged-Tooth Shark" at ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research
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The teeth differ in shape in the bigeye sand tiger and in other, similar species.
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Confirmed (dark blue) and suspected (light blue) range of the bigeye sand tiger
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Kerstetter, D.W.; Taylor, M.L. (2008). "Live release of a bigeye sand tiger
705:
689:
656:
609:
589:
550:
542:
450:
422:, the bigeye sand tiger was reassigned as well given its resemblance to the
376:
313:
97:
760:(NMFS) has prohibited the taking of this species in United States waters.
1705:
1623:
1315:
1189:
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has a rounded apex and is positioned closer to the pectoral than the
332:
107:
1600:
1038:(Elasmobranchii: Lamniformes) in the western North Atlantic Ocean".
572:
is smaller than the second dorsal fin and positioned behind it. The
756:, citing a lack of biological and population data. Since 1997, the
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are medium-sized and broad with rounded tips. The large first
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Notulae
Naturae (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia)
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has a crescent-shaped notch at the dorsal origin of the
1029:
1027:
1025:
986:
Humphreys R.L. Jr.; Moffitt, R.B.; Seki, M.P. (1989).
418:
came to be recognized as a valid genus separate from
408:, which at the time was used for all members of the
335:
like in other mackerel shark species. This shark is
1613:
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924:(second ed.). CRC Press. pp. 31–57.
750:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1154:
988:"First record of the bigeye sand tiger shark
960:. Oxford University Press. pp. 218–220.
801:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39336A2899894.en
8:
453:studies giving inconsistent results. A 2012
894:"Biology of the Bigeye Ragged-Tooth Shark (
838:
1601:
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1497:
1460:
1423:
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836:
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832:
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828:
826:
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820:
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712:). Adult females have a single functional
226:
59:
40:
31:
1088:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"
922:The Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives
799:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
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887:
885:
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501:should be placed in separate families.
1120:, Bigeye sand tiger shark" at FishBase
704:that feed on unfertilized eggs during
1082:
1080:
900:. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research
7:
1057:Froese, R.; Pauly, D., eds. (2011).
1866:IUCN Red List least concern species
1093:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
787:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
716:, on the right, and two functional
752:(IUCN) has listed this species as
25:
758:National Marine Fisheries Service
379:and later formed the basis for a
776:Kyne, P.M.; Ebert, D.A. (2019).
84:
996:Japanese Journal of Ichthyology
653:continental and insular shelves
489:was found to be closer to the
310:horizontal migratory movements
1:
537:, and behind them are small
958:The Sharks of North America
324:. Reproduction is probably
1912:
1891:Taxa named by Günther Maul
1063:, Bigeye sand tiger shark"
1040:Bulletin of Marine Science
497:), suggesting that it and
495:Pseudocarcharias kamoharai
343:, though so infrequently.
1178:
1134:" at Shark-References.com
843:Compagno, L.J.V. (2002).
441:) has been debated among
246:
239:
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206:
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81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1130:"Species description of
596:Distribution and habitat
1536:Smalltooth sand tiger (
992:from the Pacific Ocean"
665:diel vertical migration
604:global distribution in
410:sand tiger shark family
400:Adolfo César de Noronha
394:. He named the species
270:) is an extremely rare
1896:Fish described in 1955
530:
522:
514:
455:molecular phylogenetic
390:in a 1955 article for
381:scientific description
356:
347:Taxonomy and phylogeny
1881:Marine fish of Brazil
1359:Shortfin mako shark (
956:Castro, J.H. (2011).
655:, both from near the
535:nictitating membranes
528:
520:
512:
465:relationship between
424:smalltooth sand tiger
354:
291:smalltooth sand tiger
287:nictitating membranes
1368:Longfin mako shark (
794:: e.T39336A2899894.
746:commercial fisheries
736:on longlines and in
375:). The specimen was
363:in April 1941, on a
341:commercial fisheries
1659:Odontaspis_noronhai
1645:Odontaspis noronhai
1615:Odontaspis noronhai
1545:Bigeye sand tiger (
1335:Great white shark (
1132:Odontaspis noronhai
1118:Odontaspis noronhai
1061:Odontaspis noronhai
1036:Odontaspis noronhai
990:Odontaspis noronhai
896:Odontaspis noronhai
780:Odontaspis noronhai
734:caught incidentally
683:Biology and ecology
457:analysis, based on
383:authored by German
337:caught incidentally
302:continental margins
267:Odontaspis noronhai
249:Carcharias noronhai
210:Odontaspis noronhai
51:Conservation status
18:Odontaspis noronhai
1563:Pseudocarchariidae
1512:Sand tiger shark (
1243:Pelagic thresher (
1008:10.1007/BF02905621
728:Human interactions
677:migratory movement
667:, rising from the
626:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
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523:
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369:black scabbardfish
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35:Bigeye sand tiger
1851:
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1823:Open Tree of Life
1607:Taxon identifiers
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1597:
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1582:Crocodile shark (
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1487:
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1450:
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1438:Megamouth shark (
1413:
1412:
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1309:
1273:
1272:
1261:Common thresher (
1252:Bigeye thresher (
931:978-1-4398-3924-9
459:mitochondrial DNA
262:bigeye sand tiger
258:
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16:(Redirected from
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1876:Fauna of Madeira
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669:mesopelagic zone
642:Marshall Islands
582:dermal denticles
435:sand tiger shark
322:mesopelagic zone
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192:O. noronhai
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722:mature sexually
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673:epipelagic zone
634:South China Sea
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574:caudal peduncle
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491:crocodile shark
392:Notulae Naturae
373:Aphanopus carbo
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477:consisting of
463:sister species
461:, supported a
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283:Odontaspididae
276:mackerel shark
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1584:P. kamoharai
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1245:A. pelagicus
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1212:Subdivision
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1097:. Retrieved
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1067:. Retrieved
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1784:NatureServe
1732:iNaturalist
1639:Wikispecies
1547:O. noronhai
1466:Mitsukurina
1440:M. pelagios
1401:Porbeagle (
1394:L. ditropis
1326:Carcharodon
1263:A. vulpinus
807:18 November
690:bony fishes
590:gill arches
566:pelvic fins
505:Description
485:. Instead,
467:O. noronhai
451:dentitional
412:. When the
314:bony fishes
300:Inhabiting
158:Lamniformes
1871:Odontaspis
1860:Categories
1527:Odontaspis
1503:Carcharias
1477:M. owstoni
1429:Megachasma
1300:C. maximus
1289:Cetorhinus
1196:Vertebrata
1194:Subphylum
1099:2018-11-17
1065:. FishBase
764:References
698:viviparous
630:Seychelles
624:, and the
620:, eastern
578:caudal fin
562:dorsal fin
551:gill slits
543:tooth rows
499:Carcharias
487:Odontaspis
483:Carcharias
479:Odontaspis
473:but not a
420:Carcharias
415:Odontaspis
405:Carcharias
326:viviparous
252:Maul, 1955
179:Odontaspis
134:Subclass:
1514:C. taurus
1370:I. paucus
1224:Alopiidae
1206:Subclass
1016:198499661
706:gestation
657:sea floor
638:sediments
610:temperate
608:and warm-
539:spiracles
439:C. taurus
330:oophagous
186:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1789:2.103937
1750:10149081
1706:FishBase
1630:Q1548048
1624:Wikidata
1538:O. ferox
1403:L. nasus
1316:Lamnidae
1214:Selachii
1190:Chordata
1184:Animalia
1182:Kingdom
738:gillnets
720:. Males
718:uteruses
606:tropical
602:disjunct
570:anal fin
471:O. ferox
428:O. ferox
396:noronhai
367:set for
365:longline
306:vertical
295:O. ferox
241:Synonyms
164:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1802:1213699
1724:2420762
1234:Alopias
1188:Phylum
1173:species
1169:Extant
1069:May 15,
904:May 15,
876:: 1–14.
710:oophagy
702:embryos
671:to the
622:Florida
445:, with
377:mounted
361:Madeira
333:embryos
278:in the
272:species
220:, 1955)
174:Genus:
154:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1841:105845
1828:756794
1815:105845
1763:159884
1737:107354
1698:124166
1672:179831
1350:Isurus
1200:Class
1014:
964:
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851:
748:. The
646:Hawaii
614:Brazil
586:pupils
280:family
1836:WoRMS
1776:39336
1745:IRMNG
1693:EUNIS
1685:48NNK
1383:Lamna
1012:S2CID
714:ovary
700:with
694:squid
618:Texas
475:clade
328:with
318:squid
1810:OBIS
1797:NCBI
1771:IUCN
1758:ITIS
1719:GBIF
1667:BOLD
1071:2013
962:ISBN
926:ISBN
906:2013
849:ISBN
809:2021
792:2019
740:and
692:and
644:and
556:The
547:cusp
481:and
469:and
449:and
355:Head
316:and
308:and
260:The
218:Maul
1711:750
1680:CoL
1654:ADW
1004:doi
874:279
796:doi
339:by
274:of
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