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86:, who early on took a liking to actors and playwrights and agreed to let them stage plays there without bothering to read the plays first, or to even find out much about the content. This DIY aesthetic also led to creative acts of object repurposing by playwrights and directors, who cobbled together sets from materials scavenged from local streets. Also integral to the rise of off-off-Broadway were
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production intended to allow actors to be seen by potential future employers. Equity maintains union rules about working in such productions, including restrictions on price of tickets, the length of the run, and rehearsal times. Professional actors' participation in showcase productions is frequent
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wrote that over time, off-off-Broadway work lost some of its experimental spirit, instead beginning to imitate the "characteristics of off-Broadway, which had gradually moved toward reshaping itself in the image of
Broadway, though often producing works that were unsuitable for commercial theatre."
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The off-off-Broadway movement began in 1958 as a "complete rejection of commercial theatre". Michael Smith gives credit for the term's coinage to Jerry
Tallmer in 1960. Among the first venues for what would soon be called "off-off-Broadway" theatre were coffeehouses in
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and comprises the bulk of stage work for the majority of New York actors. There has been an ongoing movement to revise the Equity
Showcase Code, which many in the community find overly restrictive and detrimental to the creation of New York theatre.
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theaters, and usually have fewer than 100 seats. The off-off-Broadway movement began in 1958 as part of a response to perceived commercialism of the professional theatre scene and as an
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145:(NYIT Awards or IT Awards) have annually honored individuals and organizations that have achieved artistic excellence in off-off-Broadway theatre.
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movement of drama and theatre. Over time, some off-off-Broadway productions have moved away from the movement's early experimental spirit.
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began evaluating such productions with the same criteria as it used for
Broadway and off-Broadway productions. Since 2005, the
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Professional theatre in New York City performed in venues with fewer than 100 seats
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Playing
Underground: A Critical History of the 1960s Off-Off-Broadway Movement
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Playing
Underground: A Critical History of the 1960s Off-Off-Broadway Movement
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At its coalescence, off-off-Broadway was known for its experimental nature.
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The
Practice of Misuse: Rugged Consumerism in Contemporary American Culture
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427:"Christopher Lloyd! Stacy Keach! Jessica Tandy! It's the 1973 Obies!"
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356:. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press. p. 292.
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In 1964, off-off-Broadway productions were made eligible for
544:, New York Innovative Theatre Awards, accessed November 2021
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An off-off-Broadway production that features members of the
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Smith, Michael (1966). "The Good Scene: Off Off-Broadway".
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106:. Other theaters of note that presented many plays were
227:(2001). "Broadway: A Theatre Historian's Perspective".
677:, an awards and advocacy group for independent theater
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459:"Resources – Contracts & Codes – NY Showcase"
82:at 31 Cornelia Street, operated by the eccentric
49:theaters are smaller New York City theaters than
542:"About The New York Innovative Theatre Awards"
8:
626:. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
394:"Robert Patrick Papers : ca. 1940-1984"
597:, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press,
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562:The Best Plays Theater Yearbook 2005-2006
399:. New York Public Library. Archived from
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564:. New York: Limelight Editions. p.
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331:. Vol. 3, no. 9. p. 13
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764:1958 establishments in New York City
323:Gilbert, Ruth, ed. (March 2, 1970).
519:. Drama Desk Awards. Archived from
483:Eisler, Garrett (August 28, 2007).
190:Wright, Charles (October 4, 2004).
560:. In Jenkins, Jeffrey Eric (ed.).
154:New York Innovative Theatre Awards
143:New York Innovative Theatre Awards
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675:New York Innovative Theatre Award
392:Winters, Jennifer L. (May 2004).
192:"Off-Off-Broadway, Way Back When"
39:, an off-off-Broadway theater in
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651:The Back Stage Guide to Broadway
425:Berman, Audrey (May 3, 2011) .
350:Bottoms, Stephen James (2004).
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681:League of Independent Theater
557:"The Season Off Off Broadway"
517:"About the Drama Desk Awards"
593:Bottoms, Stephen J (2004),
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622:Malewitz, Raymond (2014).
463:Actors' Equity Association
241:10.1162/105420401772990360
123:Actors' Equity Association
614:Tales of Off Off Broadway
769:Theatre in New York City
653:, New York: Back Stage,
612:Curley, Mallory (2013),
649:Viagas, Robert (2004),
277:The Tulane Drama Review
104:Judson Memorial Church
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35:
554:Istel, John (2007).
485:"Breaking the Code?"
325:"In and Around Town"
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202:on December 2, 2018
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523:on March 25, 2015
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63:avant-garde
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125:may be an
80:Caffe Cino
527:March 28,
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335:March 28,
148:The term
249:57571738
160:See also
84:Joe Cino
51:Broadway
37:The Tank
719:Theatre
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587:Sources
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92:La MaMa
69:History
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177:Notes
655:ISBN
636:ISBN
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529:2015
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