2174:
4169:
3689:
62:
1270:
1565:
1357:
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76:
789:. As part of the effort to prevent another leader from rising above the party as Mao had done, all four posts were intended to be held by separate people. The president therefore performed ceremonial duties such as greeting foreign dignitaries and signing the appointment of embassy staff, and did not intervene in the affairs of the State Council or the party. The constitution also mandated term limits for the office, stipulating the president and vice president could not serve more than two consecutive terms.
2316:
1421:
2224:
1322:
687:) and acts as its chairman." The members of the Supreme State Conference included the main officers of state, and its views were to be presented to the main organs of state and government, including the National People's Congress and the State and National Defense Councils. The Supreme State Conference was also unique to the 1954 Constitution. It was abolished under the 1975 Constitution and later Constitutions have not included a similar body.
664:. Though the ceremonial powers of the office were largely identical to those in the current Constitution, the powers of the 1954 office differed from those of the current office in two areas: military and governmental. The state chairman's military powers were defined in the 1954 Constitution as follows: "The Chairman of the People's Republic of China commands the armed forces of the state, and is chairman of the National Defence Council (
1521:
1499:
92:
933:" clause is the only presidential power that does not stipulate any form of oversight from the NPC. As the vast majority of presidential powers are dependent on the ratification of the NPC, the president is, in essence, a symbolic post without any direct say in the governance of the state. It is, therefore, conceived to mainly function as a symbolic institution of the state rather than an office with true executive powers.
1543:
2360:
1477:
1448:
980:, after the CCP general secretary and Chinese premier. President Yang Shangkun was not a member of CCP Politburo Standing Committee, but he ranked third after CCP General Secretary Zhao Ziyang/Jiang Zemin and CMC Chairman Deng Xiaoping. Since Jiang Zemin's accession to the office in 1993, the president has also the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, ranking first in party and state.
1300:
781:, adopted by the 5th Session of the 5th NPC in 1982. In the 1982 Constitution, the party developed policy while the state executed it, and the president was conceived of as a ceremonial and replacement figure with a role similar to that of equivalent of figurehead presidents in parliamentary republics. Actual state power was vested in the general secretary of the Communist Party, the
1399:
834:, by a vote of 2,958 in favor, two opposed and three abstaining, passed a constitutional amendment that removed the previous term limits for the president and the vice president. Xi explained the decision in terms of needing to align the presidency with his more powerful posts of general secretary of the party and CMC chairman, which do not have term limits.
926:, issue mass mobilization orders, and issue state honours. In addition, the president names and dismisses ambassadors to foreign countries and signs and annuls treaties with foreign entities. According to the Constitution, all of these powers require the approval or confirmation of the National People's Congress (NPC), which the office is subject to.
878:, the Congress's executive organ. However, the nomination is effectively made by the Chinese Communist Party, with the decisions being made among Party leaders. Although the Presidium could theoretically nominate multiple candidates for the presidency, leading the election to be competitive, it has always nominated a single candidate for the office.
2199:
2291:
720:
and non-party positions on 31 October 1968, including the post of state chairman. This was in violation of the
Constitution, which required a vote by the NPC to remove the state chairman. After Liu's removal in 1968, the office of state chairman was vacant. From 1972 to 1975, however, state media referred to Vice State Chairman
2266:
937:
the ballot, it can only approve or reject. To date, it has never rejected a personnel nomination. Since the premier, the head of government in China, is the most important political appointment in the
Chinese government, the nomination power, under some circumstances, may give the president real political influence.
881:
After the nomination, the president is elected by the NPC, which also has the power to remove the president and other state officers from office. Elections and removals are decided by majority vote. The length of the president's term of office is the same as the NPC, which is 5 years. Since 2018, the
719:
and by August 1966 Mao and his supporters succeeding in removing Liu from his position as party vice chairman. A few months later Liu was apparently placed under house arrest, and after a prolonged power struggle the 12th Plenum of the 8th
Communist Party Congress stripped Liu Shaoqi of all his party
936:
In theory, the president has discretion in selecting the premier, though in practice, the premier has historically been selected through the top-level discussions of the
Chinese Communist Party. Upon the premier's nomination, the NPC convenes to confirm the nomination, but since only one name is on
2812:
If Xi relinquished the presidency in 2023 but remained party chief and chairman of the
Central Military commission (CMC), his successor as president would be nothing more than a symbolic figure... "Once the president is neither the party's general secretary nor the CMC chairman, he or she will be
792:
The posts of the premier, president and CCP general secretary were held by different individuals in the 1980s. That said, in reality political power was concentrated on Deng
Xiaoping, effectively the paramount leader, who controlled the Party, government and the military from "behind the scenes"
3042:
In China, the political job that matters most is the general secretary of the
Communist Party. The party controls the military and domestic security forces and sets the policies that the government carries out. China's presidency lacks the authority of the American and French
2173:
816:, who had been general secretary of the CCP and chairman of the Central Military Commission since 1989, assumed the presidency as well, becoming the undisputed top leader of the party and the state. Jiang stepped down as president in 2003, handing the post to then–
898:
The president functions as the state representative of China both internally and externally. According to the constitution, the presidency is not a position but a state organ that represents the PRC in state activities, but one person serves the presidency.
1209:), which literally translates to "state chairman", was unchanged in the Chinese text, but a new English translation of "President of the People's Republic of China" has been adopted since 1982, instead of "Chairman of the People's Republic of China".
765:
When it was agreed to amend the constitution again in 1980, questions to whether to restore the presidency arose. Research showed that having the NPCSC chairman as the national representative created problems, as the position was equivalent to the
3495:
260:
614:
upon the establishment of the
Republic on 1 January 1912. The presidency in its current form was the chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, which was established on 1 October 1949 by a decision of the
1356:
1269:
756:
was adopted, which also lacked the office of state chairman, but did place a greater emphasis on the ceremonial roles performed by the chairman of the
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress as state representative.
3450:
3196:
823:, the first vice president to assume the office. Hu had already become general secretary in 2002. In turn, Hu vacated both offices for Xi Jinping in 2012 and 2013, who had also previously served as vice president under Hu.
4202:
3582:
1222:
745:
636:
574:
functions. The president can engage in state affairs with the consent of the NPC Standing
Committee. While the presidency is not a powerful organ in itself, since 27 March 1993, the president has concurrently served as
4310:
1321:
3459:
1234:
491:
4643:
4146:
3443:
2799:
741:
679:
The state chairman's governmental powers were defined in the 1954 Constitution as follows: "The Chairman of the People's Republic of China, whenever necessary, convenes a Supreme State Conference (
600:
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4115:
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567:
183:
3186:
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3519:
753:
737:
661:
319:
4305:
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616:
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66:
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However, the role of party chief is more senior than that of president. At some point, Xi could be given a party position that also enables him to stay on as long as he likes.
4636:
4255:
786:
588:
523:
5310:
Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the Europe–Asia border. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the Africa–Asia border.
817:
329:
3261:
635:, after which the presidency became vacant. The post of chairman was abolished under the Constitution of 1975, and the function of state representative was bestowed on the
4223:
4057:
3983:
3370:
915:
740:
which eliminated the office of state chairman and emphasized instead the leadership of the Communist Party over the state, including an article that made the CCP chairman
555:
169:
639:. The office was reinstated in the Constitution of 1982 but with reduced powers and a stipulation that the president could not serve more than two consecutive terms. The
4077:
3610:
1037:
907:
778:
249:
4120:
4105:
2737:
580:
576:
515:
3029:
3093:, or "state chairman", a title usually translated into English as "president". But it is his position as the party's general secretary that indicates his top status.
4243:
2445:
2388:
1166:
4629:
4610:
875:
217:
4827:
1258:
1137:
972:
The political ranking of the presidency has changed throughout the decades, influenced by the officeholder of the time. 2nd President Liu Shaoqi was also the
4141:
973:
801:(1988–1993) were not simple figureheads, but actually significant players in the highest leadership. They derived most of their power from being amongst the
782:
708:
563:
4158:
1420:
809:
2789:
4347:
4127:
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2753:
1159:
1127:
1117:
1107:
3071:
3283:
1564:
4549:
4358:
1142:
1097:
1027:
1022:
1012:
4110:
4082:
3218:
4561:
4087:
2736:
is the most powerful figure in the Chinese political system. He is the President of China, but his real influence comes from his position as the
2504:
976:, and ranked second in the Chinese Communist Party, behind CCP Chairman Mao Zedong. President Li Xiannian was also the 5th ranked member of the
5216:
4050:
2627:
1072:
887:
5352:
5342:
5337:
4907:
2870:
2694:
808:
In the 1990s, the experiment of separating party and state posts, which led to conflict between Deng Xiaoping and Zhao Ziyang during the
5299:
4842:
4250:
4134:
3990:
592:
5332:
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4315:
1132:
831:
827:
31:
607:
5252:
5011:
4339:
4043:
3418:
4287:
4011:
2720:
1520:
1498:
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733:
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696:
61:
3339:
1253:
392:
373:
5262:
3375:
3251:
2835:
847:
Article 79 of the Constitution sets three qualifications for being elected for the presidency. To serve as president, one must:
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5257:
4277:
3997:
559:
1542:
17:
5171:
3671:
443:
385:
539:
3019:
1299:
5284:
4986:
4677:
4192:
3720:
2934:
2907:
2481:在我国，国家主席无实质、独立的权力，是"虚位"国家元首。"In our nation, the President does not hold substantive, separate power, and is ceremonial..."
2383:
1476:
1447:
1192:
967:
941:
547:
422:
366:
227:
179:
744:
of the PLA in concurrence as chairman of the party CMC, while the duties of state representative were transferred to the
5221:
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5156:
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5036:
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4847:
4327:
871:
644:
551:
1249:
5181:
5176:
5151:
4514:
4260:
902:
Under the current constitution, instated in 1982 with minor revisions in later years, the president has the power to
673:
672:)." The National Defence Council was unique to the 1954 Constitution, and was mandated as the civil command for the
5247:
5201:
5146:
5121:
5111:
5021:
4948:
4529:
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3223:
1112:
3428:
5226:
5211:
5126:
5106:
5046:
5001:
4991:
4902:
4707:
4282:
4004:
3664:
3106:
1398:
1251:
1250:
1248:
3108:
China's National People's Congress 2010: Addressing Challenges With No Breakthrough in Legislative Assertiveness
2142:
Since the first president, six presidents have had a spouse during their terms in office. The current spouse is
5186:
5166:
5091:
5081:
5071:
5016:
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4434:
3510:
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2715:
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75:
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1246:
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5191:
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5131:
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5051:
5041:
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4787:
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4687:
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3475:
2537:
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1255:
1218:
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519:
117:
1247:
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5141:
5136:
5101:
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5056:
4872:
4867:
4832:
4752:
4747:
1256:
1067:
929:
The president also conducts state visits on behalf of the People's Republic. Under the constitution, the "
3140:
Weng, Byron (1982). "Some Key Aspects of the 1982 Draft Constitution of the People's Republic of China".
1254:
5116:
4938:
4837:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4569:
4414:
4371:
4233:
2684:
125:
4917:
4892:
4862:
4817:
4797:
4737:
4712:
4682:
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4484:
4469:
4376:
4297:
3293:
2494:
1147:
1122:
1082:
1057:
1047:
1017:
987:
511:
2991:
455:
434:
5206:
5031:
4897:
4857:
4762:
4722:
4534:
4524:
4494:
4479:
4474:
4459:
4454:
4419:
4381:
4366:
4177:
3692:
3410:
3288:
3191:
3142:
2594:
2589:
1092:
1052:
994:
923:
716:
632:
202:
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1252:
695:
CCP Chairman Mao Zedong was the first to hold the office of state chairman. He was elected at the
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2611:
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1062:
1042:
767:
190:
660:
The office of state chairman (the original English translation) was first established under the
643:
were abolished in 2018. Since 1982, the title's official English-language translation has been "
2315:
870:
According to the Organic Law of the National People's Congress (NPC), constitutionally China's
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4757:
4574:
4544:
4464:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4429:
4409:
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2554:
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2424:
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503:
5289:
5026:
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3543:
3151:
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2603:
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2469:
2408:
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1814:
1427:
1363:
911:
680:
665:
596:
532:
35:
2535:
Chang, Yu-Nan (1956). "The Chinese Communist State System Under the Constitution of 1954".
1217:
Article 84 of the Constitution of China. If the office of president falls vacant, then the
4692:
4270:
2865:
2365:
1225:
temporarily acts as president until the NPC can elect a new president and vice president.
852:
4621:
2929:
2710:
91:
5276:
4782:
4702:
3485:
3331:
3024:
2825:
571:
234:
3361:
2423:
continues to mean "chairman" in a generic context. Incidentally, the president of the
2359:
5321:
4852:
4658:
3630:
3171:
2623:
2574:
2441:
2251:
2204:
1933:
1505:
798:
774:
agreed to restore the presidency, but without powers in specific government affairs.
771:
543:
507:
80:
2996:
2446:
Air transports of heads of state and government#China, People's Republic of (China)
2351:
2296:
903:
802:
339:
2902:
554:. The presidency is a state organ of the NPC and equivalent to, for instance, the
2930:"Organic Law of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China"
2883:
President insists term extension is necessary to align government and party posts
2790:"Does Chinese Leader Xi Jinping Plan to Hang on to Power for More than 10 Years?"
3635:
3625:
3600:
2499:
2321:
2276:
2271:
2234:
2143:
1989:
1877:
1527:
1483:
1454:
930:
813:
794:
611:
451:
430:
395:
376:
303:
195:
514:
does not define it as such. However, since 1993, the post has been held by the
3645:
3537:
3532:
3500:
3155:
2733:
2607:
2341:
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2229:
2209:
2184:
2179:
2098:
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1637:
1571:
1306:
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883:
704:
640:
628:
624:
499:
308:
139:
99:
2558:
3640:
3555:
3547:
2301:
2045:
1756:
1549:
1328:
820:
721:
2290:
30:
For the president of the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan, see
2830:
528:
2265:
2964:"NPC 2023: How China Selects Its State Leaders for the Next Five Years"
2758:
2566:
207:
3163:
3115:
2615:
3587:
2659:[What kind of national institution is the State President?].
1405:
1200:
949:
919:
34:. For the de facto top leader of the People's Republic of China, see
4035:
2689:. Foreword by Roderick MacFarquhar. New York: Simon & Schuster.
2550:
2198:
1391:
Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
746:
chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
3114:. Background Brief. Singapore: East Asian Institute. Archived from
2479:(in Chinese (China)). Chinese Communist Party News. 14 March 2013.
3696:
3407:
Party of One: The Rise of Xi Jinping and China's Superpower Future
495:
2683:
Zhao, Ziyang (2009). Bao Pu; Adi Ignatius; Renee Chiang (eds.).
4625:
4039:
3660:
3432:
1235:
List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China
623:
with the office of state chairman. It was successively held by
2470:"国家主席是什么样的国家机构？"What kind of national organ is the president""
1245:
1221:
succeeds to the office. If both offices fall vacant, then the
18:
Office of the President of the People's Republic of China
3020:"Ending Term Limits for China's Xi Is a Big Deal. Here's Why"
793:
without holding any of the three posts. However, presidents
550:(NPC) functions as the only branch of government and as the
2444:
is used to carry the president on international trips. See
906:
laws, select and dismiss the premier (head of government),
3089:
Xi Jinping is often referred to by his ceremonial role as
606:
The first state representative of China dates back to the
2860:"China's Xi Jinping Says He Is Opposed to Life-Long Rule"
974:
first-ranked vice chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
2754:"China Sets Stage for Xi to Stay in Office Indefinitely"
2686:
Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Zhao Ziyang
940:
The director of the Office of the President of the PRC (
506:. While the office has many of the characteristics of a
3460:
State representative of the People's Republic of China
3053:
3051:
2415:, while the presidents of other countries are termed
5275:
5240:
4977:
4966:
4931:
4668:
4657:
4583:
4560:
4513:
4390:
4357:
4336:
4296:
4176:
4096:
3609:
3566:
3518:
3484:
3284:"Jiang Zemin to Have Lower Rank in Communist Party"
3187:"5 Children of Liu Shaoqi Detail Years in Disfavor"
467:
442:
421:
416:
407:
384:
365:
354:
335:
325:
315:
299:
267:
255:
245:
233:
223:
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201:
189:
175:
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157:
116:
43:
2858:
2752:Blanchard, Ben; Wong, Sue-Lin (25 February 2018).
699:of the National People's Congress in 1954. At the
617:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
2379:List of leaders of the People's Republic of China
647:", although the Chinese title remains unchanged.
67:National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
2903:"Constitution of the People's Republic of China"
2738:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
736:was convened in 1975, its main act was to adopt
715:in Jan 1965. However, in 1966, Mao launched the
676:. It was abolished under the 1975 Constitution.
3371:State Council of the People's Republic of China
2813:hollowed out, just like a body without a soul."
2389:Air transports of heads of state and government
858:have the right to vote and stand for election;
631:. Liu fell into political disgrace during the
250:Constitution of the People's Republic of China
4637:
4051:
3672:
3444:
2992:"President of the People's Republic of China"
2788:Choi, Chi-yuk; Zhou, Viola (6 October 2017).
1167:
711:. Liu was reelected as state chairman at the
562:, rather than a political office, unlike the
448:
427:
390:
371:
143:
129:
51:
8:
5328:Presidents of the People's Republic of China
4142:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
2826:"China Approves 'president for Life' Change"
709:Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
1287:Chairman of the Central People's Government
787:chairman of the Central Military Commission
752:was convened two years early, in 1978, and
524:chairman of the Central Military Commission
488:president of the People's Republic of China
218:Presidium of the National People's Congress
4974:
4665:
4644:
4630:
4622:
4354:
4058:
4044:
4036:
3679:
3665:
3657:
3451:
3437:
3429:
3018:Buckley, Chris; Wu, Adam (10 March 2018).
2711:"A Simple Guide to the Chinese Government"
1589:
1174:
1160:
982:
955:Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Zhǔxí Bàngōngshì
464:
404:
3252:"Yang Shangkun Elected Chinese President"
2119:11 years, 189 days (Incumbent)
2148:
1865:
1742:
1032:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2461:
2400:
1472:
1394:
1371:Vice-Chairwoman acted as the Chairwoman
1265:
1002:
805:, rather than the office of president.
2957:
2955:
2953:
2630:from the original on 19 September 2020
2495:"Public Employees Get Salary Increase"
2087:81 years, 273 days (Living)
1223:chairman of the NPC Standing Committee
637:chairman of the NPC Standing Committee
351:
81:Flag of the People's Republic of China
40:
4652:Heads of state and government of Asia
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4010:
4008:
4003:
4001:
3996:
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3989:
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3724:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3381:from the original on 25 November 2021
3250:Del Vecchio, Mark S. (8 April 1988).
2986:
2984:
2766:from the original on 26 February 2018
2411:, the president of the PRC is termed
2131:71 years, 96 days (Living)
7:
3318:
3219:"Li Xiannian: China's New President"
3057:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
874:, the president is nominated by the
595:(CMC), making the incumbent China's
3105:Yew, Chiew Ping; Gang Chen (2010).
2802:from the original on 7 October 2017
1336:Vice-Chairman acted as the Chairman
1233:For a more comprehensive list, see
3300:from the original on 12 March 2018
3264:from the original on 12 March 2018
3231:from the original on 12 March 2018
3199:from the original on 29 April 2018
3032:from the original on 12 March 2018
2873:from the original on 17 April 2018
2838:from the original on 11 March 2018
2440:Currently, a specially configured
2189:27 September 1954 – 27 April 1959
570:, the presidency performs certain
343:
32:President of the Republic of China
25:
4306:Political Consultative Conference
3342:from the original on 15 June 2020
810:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
777:The office was reinstated in the
502:and has no real power in China's
4167:
3687:
3509:
3072:"Who leads the Communist Party?"
2723:from the original on 13 May 2018
2507:from the original on 5 June 2019
2493:Luo, Wangshu (20 January 2015).
2358:
2344:
2314:
2289:
2264:
2222:
2214:27 April 1959 – 31 October 1968
2197:
2172:
2146:, wife of President Xi Jinping.
1563:
1541:
1519:
1497:
1475:
1446:
1419:
1397:
1355:
1320:
1298:
1268:
978:CCP Politburo Standing Committee
90:
74:
60:
4278:National Supervisory Commission
3998:National Supervisory Commission
2857:Mitchell, Tom (16 April 2018).
2590:"China's Changing Constitution"
2477:(official newspaper of the CCP)
832:13th National People's Congress
560:National Supervisory Commission
4288:Supreme People's Procuratorate
4154:Provincial standing committees
4012:Supreme People's Procuratorate
2306:15 March 2003 – 14 March 2013
2281:27 March 1993 – 15 March 2003
1205:
1196:
954:
945:
703:in 1959, Mao was succeeded by
449:
428:
391:
372:
170:National leader level official
144:
110:Office of the President of the
52:
1:
3705:
3185:Mathews, Jay (4 March 1980).
2384:Orders of precedence in China
2256:8 April 1988 – 27 March 1993
1229:List of state representatives
968:Orders of precedence in China
888:constitutional oath of office
27:State representative of China
5353:1982 establishments in China
5343:1954 establishments in China
5338:China politics-related lists
4328:United Front Work Department
2962:Liao, Zewei (4 March 2023).
2239:18 June 1983 – 8 April 1988
2091:
2038:
1982:
1926:
1870:
1805:
1747:
1686:
1630:
958:) is currently Han Shiming.
914:as well as ministers of the
872:highest organ of state power
724:as "acting state chairman".
564:premier of the State Council
552:highest state organ of power
538:The presidency is a part of
4251:Central Military Commission
3991:Central Military Commission
2588:Cohen, Jerome Alan (1978).
812:, was terminated. In 1993,
593:Central Military Commission
540:system of people's congress
261:Central People's Government
5369:
4193:National People's Congress
3721:National People's Congress
3697:People's Republic of China
3257:United Press International
3224:United Press International
2935:National People's Congress
2908:National People's Congress
2331:14 March 2013 – Incumbent
2118:
2115:
1232:
965:
610:when the post was held by
548:National People's Congress
542:based on the principle of
496:People's Republic of China
357:People's Republic of China
228:National People's Congress
196:West Building, Zhongnanhai
180:National People's Congress
112:People's Republic of China
46:People's Republic of China
29:
5333:Ceremonial heads of state
5308:
5241:limited recognized states
4932:limited recognized states
4603:
4165:
4073:
3972:
3970:
3962:
3960:
3952:
3950:
3942:
3940:
3932:
3930:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3876:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3750:
3748:
3703:
3507:
3466:
3156:10.1017/S0305741000000692
2608:10.1017/S0305741000049584
2245:
1191:The title of the office (
882:president is required to
861:be at least 45 years old.
684:
669:
476:
463:
403:
361:
130:
109:
87:
73:
59:
50:
4261:People's Liberation Army
3077:South China Morning Post
2795:South China Morning Post
2716:South China Morning Post
1390:
890:before assuming office.
674:People's Liberation Army
498:, which on its own is a
486:, officially titled the
444:Traditional Chinese
386:Traditional Chinese
104:since 14 March 2013
3405:Wong, Chun Han (2023).
3362:"中华人民共和国国务院公报一九八一年第十一号"
3070:Mai, Jun (8 May 2021).
2538:The Journal of Politics
2374:List of Chinese leaders
2138:Spouse of the president
585:Chinese Communist Party
520:Chinese Communist Party
423:Simplified Chinese
367:Simplified Chinese
273:; 112 years ago
246:Constituting instrument
241:renewable with no-limit
5348:1975 disestablishments
4283:Supreme People's Court
4005:Supreme People's Court
3780:NPC Standing Committee
568:NPC Standing Committee
286:; 69 years ago
284:27 September 1954
4321:People's organization
4266:People's Armed Police
1866:Presidency abolished
768:speaker of parliament
656:Establishment in 1954
619:. It was replaced in
5217:United Arab Emirates
4908:United Arab Emirates
3693:Central state organs
3411:Simon & Schuster
3374:. pp. 327–328.
3294:Agence France-Presse
3121:on 23 September 2015
1282:(27 September 1954 –
995:Orders of succession
920:presidential pardons
770:in other countries.
754:a third Constitution
621:Constitution in 1954
566:. Together with the
516:general secretary of
512:Chinese constitution
492:state representative
161:State representative
4135:Military Commission
3296:. 24 January 2013.
3192:The Washington Post
3143:The China Quarterly
2595:The China Quarterly
2116:59 years, 272 days
2034:96 years, 105 days
2022:76 years, 210 days
2010:66 years, 222 days
1966:85 years, 236 days
1954:80 years, 250 days
1922:82 years, 364 days
1910:78 years, 290 days
1898:73 years, 360 days
1861:88 years, 122 days
1835:88 years, 109 days
1789:88 years, 318 days
1777:85 years, 356 days
1738:70 years, 353 days
1726:69 years, 342 days
1714:60 years, 154 days
1682:82 years, 258 days
1670:64 years, 122 days
1658:60 years, 275 days
1379:Honorary Chairwoman
1213:Order of succession
924:states of emergency
826:On March 11, 2018,
779:fourth Constitution
761:Restoration in 1982
717:Cultural Revolution
633:Cultural Revolution
271:1 January 1912
4198:Standing Committee
4116:Standing Committee
2078:70 years, 84 days
2072:9 years, 365 days
2066:60 years, 84 days
2016:9 years, 353 days
1978:91 years, 42 days
1972:14 September 1998
1960:4 years, 352 days
1904:4 years, 295 days
1801:89 years, 28 days
1783:2 years, 327 days
1743:Presidency vacant
1720:9 years, 187 days
1664:4 years, 212 days
1411:(17 January 1975 –
1347:24 February 1972 –
1292:27 September 1954)
738:a new Constitution
691:History up to 1974
601:commander-in-chief
484:president of China
342:150,000 per annum
184:Standing Committee
5315:
5314:
5271:
5270:
4978:UN members
4962:
4961:
4669:UN members
4619:
4618:
4599:
4598:
4553:
4351:
4121:General Secretary
4106:Central Committee
4067:Politics of China
4033:
4032:
4027:
4026:
3654:
3653:
3611:1982 Constitution
3583:NPCSC Chairperson
3520:1954 Constitution
2834:. 11 March 2018.
2696:978-1-4391-4938-6
2661:cpc.people.com.cn
2448:for more details.
2425:Republic of China
2335:
2334:
2135:
2134:
2028:30 November 2022
1812:Ching-ling, Soong
1732:12 November 1969
1676:9 September 1976
1620:
1616:Age at retirement
1613:
1606:
1580:
1558:
1536:
1514:
1492:
1463:
1441:
1435:Acting Chairwoman
1414:
1385:
1376:24 February 1972;
1374:31 October 1968 –
1350:
1341:24 February 1972;
1339:31 October 1968 –
1315:
1293:
1184:
1183:
962:Political ranking
912:state councillors
894:Powers and duties
828:the first session
742:supreme commander
728:Abolition in 1975
662:1954 Constitution
581:Central Committee
577:general secretary
526:, who is China's
500:ceremonial office
480:
479:
472:
471:
412:
411:
350:
349:
16:(Redirected from
5360:
4975:
4666:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4623:
4584:Claimed province
4547:
4355:
4345:
4239:State Councilors
4188:Paramount leader
4171:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4037:
3707:
3706:
3691:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3658:
3513:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3430:
3424:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3380:
3366:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3227:. 18 June 1983.
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3120:
3113:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3086:
3084:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2988:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2959:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2899:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2878:
2862:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2771:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2730:
2728:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2657:"国家主席是什么样的国家机构？"
2653:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2532:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2466:
2449:
2438:
2432:
2405:
2368:
2363:
2362:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2318:
2293:
2268:
2226:
2201:
2176:
2149:
2130:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2097:
2086:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2057:21 December 1942
2053:21 December 1942
2052:
2044:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1988:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1932:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1876:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1840:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1815:Soong Ching-ling
1813:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1755:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1705:24 November 1898
1701:24 November 1898
1700:
1692:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1649:26 December 1893
1645:26 December 1893
1644:
1636:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1602:Age at ascension
1590:
1577:(14 March 2013 –
1576:
1567:
1555:(15 March 2003 –
1554:
1545:
1533:(27 March 1993 –
1532:
1523:
1510:
1501:
1488:
1479:
1459:
1450:
1432:
1423:
1410:
1401:
1368:
1359:
1349:17 January 1975)
1333:
1324:
1314:31 October 1968)
1312:(27 April 1959 –
1311:
1302:
1290:1 October 1949 –
1281:
1272:
1207:
1198:
1176:
1169:
1162:
997:
983:
956:
947:
797:(1983–1988) and
697:founding session
686:
671:
597:paramount leader
504:political system
465:
459:
458:
438:
437:
417:alternative name
405:
399:
398:
380:
379:
355:President of the
352:
345:
306:(Republican era)
294:
292:
287:
282:(Republican era)
281:
279:
274:
259:Chairman of the
147:
146:
133:
132:
94:
78:
64:
55:
54:
44:President of the
41:
36:Paramount leader
21:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5304:
5277:Supreme leaders
5267:
5253:Northern Cyprus
5236:
4979:
4969:
4958:
4944:Northern Cyprus
4927:
4670:
4660:
4653:
4650:
4620:
4615:
4595:
4579:
4556:
4516:
4509:
4386:
4348:current leaders
4344:
4341:
4338:
4332:
4292:
4179:
4172:
4163:
4098:Communist Party
4092:
4069:
4064:
4034:
4029:
4028:
3699:
3685:
3655:
3650:
3613:
3605:
3575:
3562:
3522:
3514:
3505:
3488:
3480:
3462:
3457:
3427:
3421:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3317:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3234:
3232:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3150:(91): 492–506.
3139:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3082:
3080:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3049:
3035:
3033:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2938:. 11 March 2021
2928:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2901:
2900:
2889:
2876:
2874:
2866:Financial Times
2856:
2855:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2805:
2803:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2769:
2767:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2726:
2724:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2663:. 14 March 2013
2655:
2654:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2602:(76): 794–841.
2587:
2586:
2582:
2551:10.2307/2127261
2534:
2533:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2439:
2435:
2419:. Furthermore,
2406:
2402:
2397:
2366:Politics portal
2364:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2140:
2128:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2084:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1838:
1832:
1826:27 January 1893
1825:
1823:
1822:27 January 1893
1819:
1811:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1634:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1588:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1568:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1546:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1524:
1515:
1512:
1511:(8 April 1988 –
1509:
1502:
1493:
1490:
1489:(18 June 1983 –
1487:
1480:
1471:
1464:
1461:
1460:(5 March 1978 –
1458:
1451:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1424:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1402:
1393:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1367:
1360:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1332:
1325:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1303:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1273:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1215:
1189:
1180:
993:
991:
970:
964:
896:
868:
853:Chinese citizen
845:
840:
763:
730:
707:, first-ranked
693:
658:
653:
356:
307:
290:
288:
285:
283:
277:
275:
272:
240:
153:
149:
135:
111:
105:
103:
102:
98:
95:
83:
69:
45:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5366:
5364:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5320:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5281:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5244:
5242:
5238:
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5235:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4983:
4981:
4972:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4663:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4626:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4566:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4530:Inner Mongolia
4527:
4521:
4519:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4361:
4359:Municipalities
4352:
4340:province-level
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4302:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4217:Vice President
4209:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4174:
4173:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4125:
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4123:
4102:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4040:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4009:
4007:
4002:
4000:
3995:
3993:
3988:
3986:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
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3959:
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3955:
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3822:
3821:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3798:
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3788:
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3712:
3710:
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3700:
3686:
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3683:
3676:
3669:
3661:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3614:(1982–present)
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3552:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3486:Common Program
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3476:Vice President
3473:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3433:
3426:
3425:
3419:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3353:
3323:
3321:, p. 306.
3311:
3275:
3242:
3210:
3177:
3132:
3097:
3062:
3047:
3025:New York Times
3010:
2980:
2949:
2921:
2887:
2849:
2817:
2780:
2744:
2702:
2695:
2674:
2641:
2580:
2545:(3): 520–546.
2518:
2485:
2475:People's Daily
2460:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2433:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
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2355:
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2329:
2324:
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2312:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2299:
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2287:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2262:
2258:
2257:
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2249:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
2001:17 August 1926
1997:17 August 1926
1992:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1936:
1931:Shangkun, Yang
1928:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1817:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1759:
1751:
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1740:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:Date of death
1621:
1614:
1609:Time in office
1607:
1600:
1599:Date of birth
1597:
1594:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1569:
1562:
1560:
1557:14 March 2013)
1547:
1540:
1538:
1535:15 March 2003)
1525:
1518:
1516:
1513:27 March 1993)
1503:
1496:
1494:
1481:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1452:
1445:
1443:
1425:
1418:
1416:
1403:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1382:16 May 1981 –
1361:
1354:
1352:
1344:Acted Chairman
1326:
1319:
1317:
1304:
1297:
1295:
1284:27 April 1959;
1274:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1230:
1227:
1219:vice president
1214:
1211:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1000:
999:
966:Main article:
963:
960:
895:
892:
867:
864:
863:
862:
859:
856:
844:
841:
839:
836:
818:Vice President
762:
759:
729:
726:
692:
689:
657:
654:
652:
649:
608:Republican era
572:heads of state
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
468:Transcriptions
461:
460:
446:
440:
439:
425:
419:
418:
414:
413:
410:
409:
408:Transcriptions
401:
400:
388:
382:
381:
369:
363:
362:
359:
358:
348:
347:
337:
333:
332:
330:Vice President
327:
323:
322:
317:
313:
312:
311:(current form)
301:
297:
296:
295:(current form)
269:
265:
264:
257:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
237:
231:
230:
225:
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
205:
199:
198:
193:
187:
186:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
152:
151:
140:His Excellency
137:
122:
120:
114:
113:
107:
106:
96:
89:
88:
85:
84:
79:
71:
70:
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5365:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5307:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5258:South Ossetia
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:and observers
4976:
4973:
4971:
4965:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4949:South Ossetia
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:and observers
4667:
4664:
4662:
4656:
4647:
4642:
4640:
4635:
4633:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4551:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4512:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4316:Minor parties
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4234:Vice-Premiers
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4224:State Council
4222:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4175:
4170:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4061:
4056:
4054:
4049:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4024:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3984:State Council
3979:
3977:
3925:
3922:
3914:
3912:
3904:
3902:
3894:
3892:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3874:
3850:
3848:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3809:
3794:
3792:
3781:
3767:
3765:
3735:
3733:
3722:
3708:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3682:
3677:
3675:
3670:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3631:Yang Shangkun
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:Song Qingling
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:Constitutions
3573:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3544:Song Qingling
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3449:
3447:
3442:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3422:
3420:9781982185732
3416:
3412:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3332:"历届中华人民共和国主席"
3327:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3289:The Telegraph
3285:
3279:
3276:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3243:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3136:
3133:
3117:
3110:
3109:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3066:
3063:
3060:, p. 24.
3059:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3043:presidencies.
3031:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3014:
3011:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2861:
2853:
2850:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2678:
2675:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2584:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2442:Boeing 747-8i
2437:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2342:
2337:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2252:Yang Shangkun
2250:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2205:Wang Guangmei
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2167:
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1941:3 August 1907
1937:
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1934:Yang Shangkun
1929:
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1506:Yang Shangkun
1500:
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1462:18 June 1983)
1457:
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1440:5 March 1978)
1438:6 July 1976 –
1436:
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1429:
1428:Song Qingling
1422:
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799:Yang Shangkun
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772:Deng Xiaoping
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5212:Turkmenistan
5172:Saudi Arabia
4903:Turkmenistan
4863:Saudi Arabia
4717:
4435:Heilongjiang
4298:United front
4211:
4159:Constitution
4078:Constitution
3818:
3620:
3593:
3554:
3542:
3496:CPG Chairman
3470:
3406:
3383:. Retrieved
3368:
3356:
3344:. Retrieved
3335:
3326:
3314:
3302:. Retrieved
3287:
3278:
3266:. Retrieved
3255:
3245:
3233:. Retrieved
3222:
3213:
3201:. Retrieved
3190:
3180:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3123:. Retrieved
3116:the original
3107:
3100:
3091:guojia zhuxi
3090:
3088:
3081:. Retrieved
3075:
3065:
3041:
3034:. Retrieved
3023:
3013:
3001:. Retrieved
2997:China.org.cn
2995:
2971:. Retrieved
2968:NPC Observer
2967:
2940:. Retrieved
2933:
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2906:
2882:
2875:. Retrieved
2864:
2852:
2840:. Retrieved
2829:
2820:
2811:
2804:. Retrieved
2793:
2783:
2775:
2768:. Retrieved
2757:
2747:
2732:
2725:. Retrieved
2714:
2705:
2685:
2681:Foreword in
2677:
2665:. Retrieved
2660:
2632:. Retrieved
2599:
2593:
2583:
2542:
2536:
2509:. Retrieved
2498:
2488:
2480:
2473:
2464:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2403:
2352:China portal
2297:Liu Yongqing
2246:
2141:
2110:15 June 1953
2106:15 June 1953
1987:Zemin, Jiang
1889:23 June 1909
1885:23 June 1909
1875:Xiannian, Li
1855:29 May 1981
1845:
1806:
1768:5 March 1886
1764:5 March 1886
1748:
1605:(first term)
1570:
1548:
1526:
1504:
1482:
1453:
1434:
1426:
1413:6 July 1976)
1404:
1384:29 May 1981)
1378:
1370:
1362:
1343:
1335:
1327:
1305:
1286:
1275:
1216:
1206:Guójiā Zhǔxí
1204:
1190:
1004:Presidencies
992:
971:
953:
946:中华人民共和国主席办公室
939:
935:
928:
901:
897:
880:
869:
846:
825:
807:
803:Eight Elders
791:
776:
764:
731:
694:
678:
659:
605:
537:
527:
487:
483:
481:
300:First holder
150:(diplomatic)
126:Mr President
5300:North Korea
5285:Afghanistan
5187:South Korea
5157:Philippines
5137:North Korea
4987:Afghanistan
4878:South Korea
4848:Philippines
4828:North Korea
4678:Afghanistan
4337:Politics of
4311:Chairperson
4128:Secretariat
3636:Jiang Zemin
3626:Li Xiannian
3601:Ye Jianying
3576:(1975–1982)
3551:(co-acting)
3529:Chairperson
3523:(1954–1975)
3489:(1949–1954)
3398:Works cited
3369:中华人民共和国国务院
3003:2 September
2770:26 February
2500:China Daily
2322:Peng Liyuan
2277:Jiang Zemin
2272:Wang Yeping
2235:Li Xiannian
2144:Peng Liyuan
2096:Jinping, Xi
1990:Jiang Zemin
1878:Li Xiannian
1691:Shaoqi, Liu
1635:Zedong, Mao
1619:(last term)
1528:Jiang Zemin
1484:Li Xiannian
1455:Ye Jianying
1108:Philippines
1088:South Korea
931:state visit
843:Eligibility
814:Jiang Zemin
795:Li Xiannian
641:term limits
612:Sun Yat-sen
304:Sun Yat-sen
263:(1949–1954)
239:Five years,
235:Term length
5322:Categories
5222:Uzbekistan
5197:Tajikistan
5097:Kyrgyzstan
5087:Kazakhstan
5037:East Timor
5007:Bangladesh
4997:Azerbaijan
4970:government
4913:Uzbekistan
4888:Tajikistan
4788:Kyrgyzstan
4778:Kazakhstan
4728:East Timor
4698:Bangladesh
4688:Azerbaijan
4515:Autonomous
4244:Ministries
4180:government
3646:Xi Jinping
3538:Liu Shaoqi
3533:Mao Zedong
3501:Mao Zedong
3336:www.gov.cn
3083:17 January
3036:1 December
2973:3 November
2942:11 January
2914:1 November
2734:Xi Jinping
2667:1 November
2634:18 October
2511:4 November
2456:References
2427:is termed
2327:Xi Jinping
2230:Lin Jiamei
2210:Liu Shaoqi
2185:Mao Zedong
2180:Jiang Qing
2161:President
2122:Incumbent
2099:Xi Jinping
2043:Jintao, Hu
1754:Biwu, Dong
1694:Liu Shaoqi
1638:Mao Zedong
1626:Longevity
1596:President
1586:Statistics
1572:Xi Jinping
1469:Presidents
1307:Liu Shaoqi
1277:Mao Zedong
1187:Post title
922:, declare
904:promulgate
785:, and the
705:Liu Shaoqi
629:Liu Shaoqi
625:Mao Zedong
587:(CCP) and
522:(CCP) and
309:Mao Zedong
291:1954-09-27
278:1912-01-01
176:Reports to
136:(informal)
100:Xi Jinping
5182:Sri Lanka
5177:Singapore
5152:Palestine
5057:Indonesia
4873:Sri Lanka
4868:Singapore
4843:Palestine
4748:Indonesia
4611:Elections
4570:Hong Kong
4415:Guangdong
4392:Provinces
4372:Chongqing
4342:divisions
4212:President
4147:Secretary
4111:Politburo
3819:President
3641:Hu Jintao
3621:President
3556:Dong Biwu
3548:Dong Biwu
3471:President
3319:Wong 2023
3172:153804208
3058:Wong 2023
2806:7 October
2624:153288789
2575:154446161
2559:0022-3816
2302:Hu Jintao
2046:Hu Jintao
1841:Honorary
1757:Dong Biwu
1550:Hu Jintao
1329:Dong Biwu
1128:Sri Lanka
1068:Indonesia
1013:Argentina
838:Selection
821:Hu Jintao
732:When the
722:Dong Biwu
645:president
490:, is the
320:1975–1982
316:Abolished
268:Formation
256:Precursor
224:Appointer
214:Nominator
191:Residence
97:Incumbent
53:中华人民共和国主席
5248:Abkhazia
5202:Thailand
5147:Pakistan
5122:Mongolia
5117:Maldives
5112:Malaysia
5022:Cambodia
4968:Heads of
4939:Abkhazia
4893:Thailand
4838:Pakistan
4813:Mongolia
4808:Maldives
4803:Malaysia
4713:Cambodia
4661:of state
4607:See also
4540:Xinjiang
4505:Zhejiang
4485:Shandong
4470:Liaoning
4377:Shanghai
4256:Chairman
4203:Chairman
4088:Ideology
3597:(acting)
3559:(acting)
3385:3 August
3376:Archived
3346:3 August
3340:Archived
3304:12 March
3298:Archived
3268:12 March
3262:Archived
3235:12 March
3229:Archived
3203:12 March
3197:Archived
3030:Archived
2877:17 April
2871:Archived
2842:11 March
2836:Archived
2831:BBC News
2800:Archived
2764:Archived
2721:Archived
2628:Archived
2505:Archived
2429:zǒngtǒng
2417:zǒngtǒng
2338:See also
2104:19530615
2051:19421221
2026:20221130
1995:19260817
1970:19980914
1939:19070803
1914:19920621
1883:19090623
1853:19810529
1820:18930127
1793:19750402
1762:18860305
1730:19691112
1699:18981124
1674:19760909
1643:18931226
1579:present)
1262:Chairmen
1241:Timeline
1118:Portugal
1098:Pakistan
1038:DR Congo
1028:Colombia
988:a series
986:Part of
918:, grant
866:Election
589:chairman
558:and the
529:de facto
182:and its
5227:Vietnam
5127:Myanmar
5107:Lebanon
5047:Georgia
5002:Bahrain
4992:Armenia
4918:Vietnam
4818:Myanmar
4798:Lebanon
4738:Georgia
4693:Bahrain
4683:Armenia
4550:leaders
4535:Ningxia
4525:Guangxi
4517:regions
4495:Sichuan
4480:Shaanxi
4475:Qinghai
4460:Jiangxi
4455:Jiangsu
4420:Guizhou
4382:Tianjin
4367:Beijing
4271:Militia
4229:Premier
4178:Central
3695:of the
2759:Reuters
2567:2127261
2409:Chinese
2164:Tenure
2158:Spouse
2125:Living
2081:Living
1612:(total)
1193:Chinese
1148:Vietnam
1143:Uruguay
1123:Romania
1083:Ireland
1058:Germany
1048:Finland
1018:Austria
942:Chinese
830:of the
783:premier
750:5th NPC
734:4th NPC
713:3rd NPC
701:2nd NPC
681:Chinese
666:Chinese
651:History
591:of the
583:of the
579:of the
494:of the
393:中華人民共和國
374:中华人民共和国
289: (
276: (
208:Beijing
5263:Taiwan
5207:Turkey
5167:Russia
5092:Kuwait
5082:Jordan
5072:Israel
5032:Cyprus
5017:Brunei
5012:Bhutan
4954:Taiwan
4898:Turkey
4858:Russia
4783:Kuwait
4773:Jordan
4763:Israel
4723:Cyprus
4708:Brunei
4703:Bhutan
4591:Taiwan
4500:Yunnan
4490:Shanxi
4425:Hainan
4405:Fujian
3588:Zhu De
3570:&
3546:&
3417:
3170:
3164:653370
3162:
3125:3 July
2727:12 May
2693:
2622:
2616:652647
2614:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2247:Vacant
2155:Image
2129:26,029
2085:29,858
2076:70 084
2070:09 364
2064:60 084
2032:35,169
2020:76 210
2014:09 353
2008:66 222
1976:33,280
1964:85 236
1958:04 352
1952:80 250
1920:30,314
1908:78 290
1902:04 295
1896:73 360
1859:32,263
1847:85 037
1839:01 242
1833:83 161
1799:32,534
1787:88 318
1781:02 327
1775:85 356
1749:acting
1736:25,920
1724:69 342
1718:09 187
1712:60 154
1680:30,207
1668:64 122
1662:04 212
1656:60 275
1406:Zhu De
1203::
1201:pinyin
1195::
1133:Taiwan
1113:Poland
1093:Mexico
1073:Israel
1053:France
1023:Brazil
952::
950:pinyin
944::
884:recite
748:. The
685:最高国务会议
683::
668::
533:leader
510:, the
346:(2015)
336:Salary
326:Deputy
166:Status
5290:China
5232:Yemen
5192:Syria
5162:Qatar
5132:Nepal
5077:Japan
5052:India
5042:Egypt
5027:China
4923:Yemen
4883:Syria
4853:Qatar
4823:Nepal
4768:Japan
4743:India
4733:Egypt
4718:China
4659:Heads
4575:Macau
4545:Tibet
4465:Jilin
4450:Hunan
4445:Hubei
4440:Henan
4430:Hebei
4410:Gansu
4400:Anhui
3379:(PDF)
3365:(PDF)
3168:S2CID
3160:JSTOR
3119:(PDF)
3112:(PDF)
2620:S2CID
2612:JSTOR
2571:S2CID
2563:JSTOR
2421:zhǔxí
2413:zhǔxí
2395:Notes
1078:Italy
1063:India
1043:Egypt
1033:China
851:be a
670:国防委员会
118:Style
5295:Iran
5142:Oman
5102:Laos
5067:Iraq
5062:Iran
4833:Oman
4793:Laos
4758:Iraq
4753:Iran
4562:SARs
4083:Laws
3572:1978
3568:1975
3415:ISBN
3387:2022
3348:2022
3306:2018
3270:2018
3237:2018
3205:2018
3127:2013
3085:2023
3038:2019
3005:2023
2975:2023
2944:2023
2916:2023
2879:2018
2844:2018
2808:2017
2772:2018
2729:2018
2691:ISBN
2669:2023
2636:2020
2555:ISSN
2513:2019
2152:No.
1807:Hon.
1197:国家主席
1103:Peru
886:the
627:and
599:and
518:the
482:The
456:國家主席
435:国家主席
344:est.
203:Seat
158:Type
3152:doi
2604:doi
2547:doi
2407:In
340:CN¥
5324::
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3367:.
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3292:.
3286:.
3260:.
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3221:.
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3087:.
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2503:.
2497:.
2472:.
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2286:5
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2219:3
2194:2
2169:1
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2039:6
1983:5
1927:4
1871:3
1844:–
1687:2
1631:1
1593:#
1199:;
990:on
948:;
910:,
603:.
535:.
452:中國
431:中国
396:主席
377:主席
145:阁下
131:主席
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2055:(
2003:)
1999:(
1947:)
1943:(
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1887:(
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1824:(
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