1723:
Another Turkic people in the Volga area are the
Chuvash, who, like the Tatars, regard themselves as descendants of the Volga Bulghars in the historical and cultural sense. It is clear that Chuvash belongs to the Oghur branch of Turkic, as the language of the Volga Bulghars did, but no direct evidence
1603:
Modern
Chuvash is the only descendant language of the Ogur branch. The ancestors of its speakers left the Khazar Empire in the 8th century and migrated to the region at the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers, where they founded the Volga Bulgarian Empire in the 10th century. In the central Volga
2175:
Syriac chroniclers (along with their Arab, Byzantine, Latin, Armenian, and
Georgian counterparts) did not use ethnonyms as specifically as modern scholars do. As K. Czeglédy notes, "some sources... use the ethnonyms of the various steppe peoples, in particular those of the Scythians, Huns and Turkic
780:
Avnagur (Aunagur) are people, who live in tents. Avgar, sabir, burgar, alan, kurtargar, avar, hasar, dirmar, sirurgur, bagrasir, kulas, abdel and hephtalit are thirteen peoples, who live in tents, earn their living on the meat of livestock and fish, of wild animals and by their weapons
727:, who lived in the vicinity of the Onoghurs and Bulgars, and their mutual relationship, is considered obscure. Scholars are unsure how the union between Onoghurs and Bulgars formed, imagining it as a long process in which a number of different groups merged. During that time, the
160:
grouping as separate Hunno-Bulgar languages. However, such speculations are not based on proper linguistic evidence, since the language of the Huns is almost unknown except for a few attested words and personal names. Scholars generally consider
Hunnish as unclassifiable.
793:
The land Bazgun ... extends up to the
Caspian Gates and to the sea, which are in the Hunnish lands. Beyond the gates live the Burgars (Bulgars), who have their language, and are people pagan and barbarian. They have towns. And the Alans - they have five
1006:
organised the
Onogurs under his Empire of Old Great Bulgaria in the Mid 7th century. From the 8th century, the Byzantine sources often mention the Onoghurs in close connection with the Bulgars. Agathon (early 8th century) wrote about the
467:
heritage, with
Oghuric-Bulgar and Khazar influences, even though much of the modern-day Hungarian gene pool also has strong Slavic, Germanic, and Iranic influences. Hungarian has many borrowings from Common Turkic and Oghuric languages:
2154:
Like the name
Scythian up to the early medieval period, the name Hun became a generic (usually pejorative) term in subsequent history for any steppe-warrior people, or even any enemy people, regardless of their actual
1604:
region, three Volga
Bulgarian dialects developed, and Chuvash is the descendant of the 3rd dialect of Volga Bulgarian (Agyagási 2019: 160–183). Sources refer to it as a separate language beginning with 1508
1724:
for diachronic development between the two has been established. As there were several distinct Oghur languages in the Middle Ages, Volga
Bulghar could represent one of these and Chuvash another.
1241:
The ethnonym of the Huns, like those of Scythians and Türks, became a generic term for steppe-people (nomads) and invading enemies from the East, no matter of their actual origin and identity.
860:. This people is (one) of the most powerful because of their numbers and their training for war in full battle-gear. They have made their abodes towards the East, whence flows the river
731:
may have represented a large confederation of which the Onoghurs formed one of the core tribes, together with the remnants of the Utigurs and Kutrigurs, among others.
2381:
1450:
900:
and other tribes for the original Avars, and as such the Uar and Huns took advantage of the situation and began call themselves Avars. Simokattes also recounts "
970:
2537:
Wang, Chuan-Chao; Posth, Cosimo; Furtwängler, Anja; Sümegi, Katalin; Bánfai, Zsolt; Kásler, Miklós; Krause, Johannes; Melegh, Béla (28 September 2021).
4102:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
2850:
1698:
755:, marten skin was used as a substitute for minted money. This also indicates they lived near forests and were in contact with Finno-Ugrian peoples.
367:
believed that the differences noted above suggest that the Oghur-speaking tribes could not have originated in territories inhabited by speakers of
1384:
2709:
An introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East
2654:
2521:
2027:
1960:
1886:
1788:
1573:
1548:
1475:
2756:
Fiedler, Uwe (2008). "Bulgars in the Lower Danube region: A survey of the archaeological evidence and of the state of current research". In
1327:
Bennett, Casey; Kaestle, Frederika A. (2006). "A Reanalysis of Eurasian Population History: Ancient DNA Evidence of Population Affinities".
1399:
1080:
of 1223–1236, the Golden Horde annexed Volga Bulgaria. Most of the population survived, and a certain degree of mixing between it and the
2809:
1465:
2795:
2771:
2746:
2725:
2694:
2147:
1827:
1716:
1681:
1654:
1627:
1077:
1752:"Eṣṭaḵri stated in one place that the Bulḡar language is like the language of the Khazars, thus giving rise to the Chuvash-Bulḡar"
3129:
1217:
978:
184:
although the classification of Khazar language debated among scholars. Chuvash has two to three dialects. Chuvash language is
1012:
1737:
358:
1144:
603:
Turkic tribes that entered the Ponto-Caspian steppes as the result of migrations set off in Inner Asia. The 10th century
3664:
2843:
1222:
241:
85:
399:'twins', and holds the contradictory view that the Oghur inhabited the borderlands of Mongolia before the 5th century.
3730:
1851:
57:
799:
The Onoghurs (Oghurs), in the 6th and 7th century sources, were mentioned mostly in connection with the Avar and
4062:
4021:
3189:
1024:
4126:
3229:
3154:
2918:
2911:
2836:
2680:
2133:
759:
4052:
864:, which the Turks have the custom of calling the "Black". The oldest chieftains of this people are called
2539:"Genome-wide autosomal, mtDNA, and Y chromosome analysis of King Bela III of the Hungarian Arpad dynasty"
3708:
3003:
2805:
2781:
2703:
1152:
827:
604:
376:
648:
came to the Emperor in Constantinople, and explained they had been driven out of their homeland by the
2501:
4047:
3384:
3008:
2888:
2550:
1411:
559:
203:
The Oghuric languages are also known as "-r Turkic" because the final consonant in certain words is
3911:
3199:
2934:
2717:
1116:
1049:
456:
437:
3592:
3394:
3304:
3204:
2362:
1845:
1763:
1491:
1444:
1362:
1336:
1085:
1032:
998:
881:
820:
804:
685:
380:
368:
200:
is distinguished from the rest of the Turkic family by sound changes and it has a special place.
611:, "a Hun from the Honk" who raided Persia, which were related to the Onoghurs, and located near
3750:
3649:
3110:
2968:
2818:
2791:
2767:
2742:
2721:
2690:
2650:
2576:
2517:
2143:
1882:
1833:
1823:
1712:
1677:
1650:
1623:
1617:
1569:
1544:
1471:
1403:
1354:
1124:
1104:
848:
585:
197:
177:
157:
137:
131:
1671:
1644:
696:
roughly corresponding to 20th century Ukraine. Later kings of the Onogur Huns included Grod,
4057:
3703:
3550:
3419:
3351:
3280:
3224:
3209:
3194:
3179:
3149:
3139:
3115:
3051:
2958:
2566:
2558:
1874:
1704:
1536:
1346:
1069:
835:
616:
562:
445:
441:
433:
429:
220:
212:
193:
153:
141:
65:
902:
when the Ogor, then, were brought completely to heel, the Qaγan gave over the chief of the
4067:
3674:
3585:
3424:
3404:
3309:
3299:
3285:
3214:
3174:
3169:
3134:
3035:
2989:
2963:
2374:
1503:
1380:
1160:
1054:
986:
955:
943:
935:
664:. It is considered they belonged to the westernmost Tiele tribes, which also included the
656:
in Inner Asia. This tangle of events indicates that the Oghuric tribes are related to the
653:
600:
555:
181:
173:
149:
145:
119:
53:
2902:
2139:
Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present
1878:
2554:
1866:
1068:
river in the 7th century AD and converted to Islam in 922 during the missionary work of
4103:
3986:
3872:
3836:
3735:
3571:
3490:
3414:
3356:
3275:
3270:
3219:
3184:
3159:
3144:
3075:
2867:
2859:
2571:
2538:
2079:
1207:
1081:
947:
929:
511:'whip'. A number of Hungarian loanwords were borrowed before the 9th century, shown by
464:
449:
228:
50:
2504:[Outline of the background of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin]
49:(Ὀνόγουροι, Οὔρωγοι, Οὔγωροι; Onογurs, Ογurs; "ten tribes", "tribes") were a group of
4120:
4031:
3806:
3740:
3679:
3564:
3511:
3399:
3389:
3164:
2984:
1590:
612:
354:
185:
165:
1366:
800:
180:
language. Chuvash is sometimes considered to share a linguistic connection with the
4079:
3946:
3931:
3745:
3684:
3654:
3618:
3578:
3442:
3314:
3291:
3059:
2995:
2882:
2757:
661:
649:
61:
3102:
2761:
2736:
2684:
2137:
1804:
Struktur und Gesellschaft des Chazaren-Reiches im Licht der schriftlichen Quellen
920:
would be the Oghurs, while if it is in Inner Asia, then it could be the Uyghurs.
4083:
3966:
3961:
3905:
3409:
3325:
3252:
3121:
2925:
2352:
1435:
Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). "The Proto-Bulgarian Military Inventory Inscriptions".
967:
816:
752:
673:
669:
364:
98:, meaning "kinship or being akin to". The terms initially were not the same, as
2562:
3951:
3766:
3095:
3013:
681:
408:
403:
189:
169:
1407:
1163:. All the forms show the phonetic changes typical of late Oghuric (prothetic
908:", shows Oghurs resistance toward Turkic authority. Scholars consider if the
3981:
3971:
3918:
3885:
3771:
3557:
3519:
3500:
3480:
3455:
3361:
2895:
2713:
1837:
1197:
1132:
1073:
951:
720:
713:
709:
581:
2580:
1358:
2738:
In Search of the Lost Tribe: The Origins and Making of the Croatian Nation
1708:
1530:
1350:
1091:
This association was previously mirrored in Armenian sources, such as the
172:. Some scholars consider the Chuvash as the sole living representative of
4091:
3936:
3880:
3866:
3851:
3826:
3816:
3786:
3475:
3462:
3448:
3029:
2097:
1817:
1540:
963:
734:
701:
693:
689:
657:
645:
637:
31:
2817:, Turkish and Middle Eastern Studies, Rutgers University, archived from
2351:
D. Dimitrov (1987). "Bulgars, Unogundurs, Onogurs, Utigurs, Kutrigurs".
1568:. Collected studies series. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate. p. 336.
1057:(mid-10th century) remarked that the Bulgars formerly called themselves
946:
that lasted for 250 years. Related peoples from the east arrived in the
838:
name indicates it was situated in the vicinity of Iranian Central Asia.
4026:
3976:
3900:
3895:
3856:
3846:
3801:
3796:
3781:
3698:
3644:
3607:
3602:
3495:
3485:
3470:
3319:
3088:
3042:
2953:
2763:
The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans
1591:"A Volga Bulgarian Classifier: A Historical and Areal Linguistic Study"
1212:
1202:
1192:
1156:
1107:, which includes an additional comment from a 9th-century writer about
939:
893:
784:
728:
724:
705:
677:
665:
629:
621:
460:
115:
84:"ten Oğurs (tribes)". Modern scholars consider Turkic terms for tribe
4001:
3991:
3941:
3890:
3841:
3831:
3811:
3791:
3776:
3690:
3626:
3612:
3544:
3529:
3524:
3505:
3333:
3247:
1016:
1003:
897:
856:"...the Qaghan set off on another undertaking and subjugated all the
844:
748:
739:
452:
17:
2707:
2785:
122:) is usually believed to be derived from On-Oğur (> (H)Ungari).
4099:
3996:
3956:
3861:
3821:
3539:
3534:
3366:
3081:
2168:
1341:
1084:
of the Horde ensued. Onoghur-Bulgar group as a whole accepted the
1065:
982:
812:
788:
697:
633:
573:
2828:
1031:. Kubrat successfully revolted against the Avars and founded the
176:. while others support the idea that Chuvash is another distinct
27:
5th–7th-century Turkic nomadic group of the Pontic–Caspian steppe
4095:
4087:
889:
2832:
2790:. Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei.
892:) who arrived to Eastern Europe were mistook by the Onoghurs,
2084:
An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish
406:, whose exo-ethnonym is usually believed to be derived from
2787:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
2686:
The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture
1310:
1308:
803:
conquest of Western Eurasia. According to the 6th century
2110:(in Russian). Cheboksary: Чувашское книжное издательство.
249:"tribe" in Common Turkic. Other correspondences are Com.
2628:
2626:
2502:"Vázlat a magyar honfoglalás Kárpát-medencei hátteréről"
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2317:
2315:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2051:
2049:
1822:. Carl Skutsch, Martin Ryle. New York: Routledge. 2005.
916:(Black Itil) i.e. Volga (Atil/Itil), then the mentioned
834:
was destroyed by an earthquake before his lifetime. The
1914:
1912:
1910:
1619:
The Uralic language family: facts, myths and statistics
192:. In this respect, it's almost no different from other
1283:
1281:
576:
animal), and is a reflection of the Chuvash language w
379:, however, has noted that there are many loanwords in
1111:. Marquart and Golden connected these forms with the
4040:
4014:
3759:
3717:
3663:
3635:
3433:
3375:
3342:
3261:
3238:
3068:
3022:
2977:
2946:
2875:
2866:
2170:
Medieval Syriac Historians' Perceptionsof the Turks
2026:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFGuglielminoBéres1996 (
791:, during the first half of 6th century, he added: "
747:(believed to be the Onoghurs) were notable for the
1535:. Central European University Press. p. 208.
114:meant "to be like, resemble". The modern name of "
2354:Prabylgarite po severnoto i zapadnoto Chernomorie
459:Veñgras. The Hungarians are culturally of mixed
2649:. New York, New York: NYU Press. pp. 3–40.
2645:Faḍlān, Ahmad ibn; Montgomery, James E. (2017).
2021:
188:in the structure of grammar, phonetically it is
168:in the structure of grammar, phonetically it is
2394:
1871:The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages
607:recorded, considered late 4th century, certain
402:The Oghuric tribes are also connected with the
1532:Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages
1135:(10th century) and Hungarian name for Belgrad
2844:
2516:] (in Hungarian). Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum.
8:
2514:Peoples and cultures in the Carpathian Basin
2096:Егоров (Egorov), Василий Георгиевич (1964).
371:, given that Mongolian dialects feature the
1697:Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á, eds. (2021).
688:granted Ernak the lands of the treacherous
2872:
2851:
2837:
2829:
2176:tribes, in the generic sense of 'nomads'".
2142:. Princeton University Press. p. 99.
1673:Studies in Turkic and Mongolic linguistics
1449:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
64:between 5th and 7th century, and spoke an
2570:
2346:
2344:
2342:
1787:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGolden2006 (
1340:
1072:, inhabited the present-day territory of
2104:Этимологический словарь чувашского языка
1470:. Oxford University Press. p. 448.
1385:"The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan"
954:, and then around 670 the Onoghurs. The
766:(c. 555) in Western Eurasia records the
708:were engaged in a civil war against the
676:, and were initially located in Western
495:'ring', and terms of equestrian culture
2593:
2380:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2173:. University of Cambridge. p. 19.
1959:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDybo2014 (
1646:Encyclopedia of the languages of Europe
1253:
1234:
876:According to the Qaghan, part of those
2669:
2632:
2617:
2605:
2487:
2475:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2370:
2360:
2333:
2321:
2306:
2294:
2282:
2270:
2258:
2246:
2234:
2222:
2210:
2198:
2120:
2067:
2055:
2040:
2009:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1901:
1843:
1819:Encyclopedia of the world's minorities
1782:
1516:
1499:
1489:
1442:
1314:
1299:
1287:
1272:
1260:
2510:Népek és kultúrák a Kárpát-medencében
2086:, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page: 120.
1867:"Chuvash and the Bulgharic languages"
1764:"Chuvash and the Bulgharic languages"
778:(Oghur).The author wrote following: "
7:
1954:
1676:. Taylor & Francis. p. 38.
1437:Turkic-Bulgarian-Hungarian relations
1400:Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute
1467:Chuvash and the Bulgharic Languages
1464:Savelyev, Alexander (27 May 2020).
1064:Onoghur-Bulgars who settled on the
830:recorded that certain Onoghur city
357:calls the sound change the "Bulgar
2689:, University of California Press,
1879:10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0028
1865:Savelyev, Alexander (2020-06-30).
981:together with the Turkic-speaking
599:The Onogurs were one of the first
333:(after 9th cent.). The shift from
25:
1762:Savelyev, Alexander (June 2020).
80:is widely thought to derive from
4094:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
1622:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 167.
1109:the colony of the Vłĕndur Bułkar
811:" had the authority of the Turk
770:(Aunagur; considered Onoghurs),
632:, in 463 the representatives of
110:was "tribe, clan", and the verb
1649:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 88.
1529:RÓNA-TAS, ANDRÁS (1999-03-01).
1398:(4). Cambridge, Massachusetts:
1015:(early 9th century) noted that
906:(Kolx) to the bite of the sword
652:, who had been attacked by the
383:from Oghuric, such as Mongolic
106:meant "offspring, child, son",
2099:Чăваш чĕлхин этимологи словарĕ
1566:Studies in medieval inner Asia
971:conquered the Carpathian Basin
950:several times: around 595 the
758:The Syriac translation of the
644:, "White Oghurs"), Oghurs and
232:
1:
974:
959:
942:established an empire in the
4114:[[Category:Migration Period
2022:Guglielmino & Béres 1996
1742:Encyclopaedia Iranica Online
1616:Marcantonio, Angela (2002).
1223:Turkic tribal confederations
2766:. Brill. pp. 151–236.
1736:Shapira, Dan (2020-12-14),
852:recorded a complex notice:
619:. Scholars also relate the
156:and refer to this extended
4143:
2681:Maenchen-Helfen, Otto John
2563:10.1038/s41598-021-98796-x
996:
962:822, a few decades later,
927:
843:Letter of the Turk Qaγan (
129:
94:to be derived from Turkic
29:
4076:
3195:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
2760:; Kovalev, Roman (eds.).
2500:Szabados, György (2016).
1643:Price, Glanville (2000).
1392:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
1009:nation of Onoghur Bulgars
743:(551) mentioned that the
236:
216:
4063:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
3731:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
2134:Beckwith, Christopher I.
1670:Clauson, Gerard (2002).
828:Theophylaktos Simokattes
815:Khagan in the region of
144:. Some scholars suggest
3220:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
2876:Azerbaijani communities
2735:Karatay, Osman (2003).
1802:Ludwig, Dieter (1982).
760:Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor
455:Węgier, Węgrzyn, ->
4053:Crimean Tatar diaspora
3230:Western Thracian Turks
3165:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
2704:Golden, Peter Benjamin
2167:Dickens, Mark (2004).
1945:, p. 30, 236–239.
1850:: CS1 maint: others (
1595:University of Debrecen
1218:Extinct Turkic peoples
1099:, and the 5th century
1095:, which refers to the
874:
809:leader of the Οὐγούρων
764:Ecclesiastical History
224:
56:who flourished in the
3760:Extinct Turkic groups
3718:Turkic minorities in
3665:Turkic minorities in
3636:Turkic minorities in
3434:Turkic minorities in
2912:Georgian Azerbaijanis
2123:, p. 92–93, 103.
1709:10.4324/9781003243809
1589:Agyagási, K. (2020).
1564:Sinor, Denis (1997).
1351:10.1353/hub.2006.0052
854:
826:In early 7th century
605:Movses Kaghankatvatsi
527:), for example Hung.
448:. Vogr, Vogrin ->
211:as in Common Turkic.
174:Volga Bulgar language
148:had strong ties with
102:meant "arrow", while
58:Pontic–Caspian steppe
4078:Central Asian (i.e.
4048:Azerbaijani diaspora
3385:Iranian Azerbaijanis
3023:Turkmen communities
2919:Western Azerbaijanis
2889:Iranian Azerbaijanis
2395:Maenchen-Helfen 1973
2225:, p. 92–93, 97.
1873:. pp. 446–464.
1700:The Turkic Languages
1541:10.7829/j.ctv280b77f
1027:referred to them as
1019:was the lord of the
979:Hungarian conquerors
428:): On ogur -> up.
164:Chuvash language is
140:are a branch of the
3069:Turkish communities
2935:Javanshir Qizilbash
2555:2021NatSR..1119210W
2336:, p. 100, 103.
2273:, p. 138, 141.
1147:(11th century) and
1078:Batu Khan invasions
1050:Ravenna Cosmography
1023:; his contemporary
751:skin trade. In the
432:Won ogur -> dow.
54:nomadic equestrians
3593:Siberian Bukharans
3395:Chaharmahali Turks
3376:Turkic minorities
3343:Turkic minorities
3262:Turkic minorities
2978:Kyrgyz communities
2947:Kazakh communities
2543:Scientific Reports
2457:, p. 100–102.
2043:, p. 259–260.
2024:, p. 351-353.
1806:(Thesis). Münster.
1519:, pp. 88, 89.
1317:, p. 102–103.
1275:, p. 23, 237.
1263:, p. 135–145.
1041:Onoghundur–Bulgars
1033:Old Great Bulgaria
1029:Onoghundur–Bulgars
999:Old Great Bulgaria
841:Simokattes in the
805:Menander Protector
719:The origin of the
686:Leo I the Thracian
369:Mongolic languages
309:(10th cent.) >
30:For the town, see
4111:
4110:
4010:
4009:
3921:
3914:
3875:
3751:Tatars of Romania
3724:
3693:
3650:Mongolian Kazakhs
3621:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3328:
3294:
3205:Palestinian Turks
3200:Montenegrin Turks
3124:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3054:
3045:
3038:
2998:
2969:Mongolian Kazakhs
2937:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2811:Oq and Oğur~Oğuz*
2718:Otto Harrassowitz
2656:978-1-4798-2669-8
2523:978-615-5209-56-7
1933:, p. 20, 96.
1888:978-0-19-880462-8
1575:978-0-86078-632-0
1550:978-963-386-572-9
1477:978-0-19-880462-8
1105:Movses Khorenatsi
1039:), also known as
847:) to the Emperor
625:to this account.
586:Kipchak languages
239:. Hence the name
138:Oghuric languages
136:The Onoghuric or
132:Oghuric languages
16:(Redirected from
4134:
4058:Turkish diaspora
3917:
3910:
3871:
3722:
3704:Karategin Uzbeks
3689:
3617:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3551:Astrakhan Tatars
3549:
3514:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3420:Iranian Turkmens
3352:Crimean Karaites
3324:
3290:
3190:Macedonian Turks
3155:Dodecanese Turks
3120:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3052:Iranian Turkmens
3050:
3041:
3034:
2994:
2933:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2873:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2816:
2806:Golden, Peter B.
2801:
2782:Golden, Peter B.
2777:
2752:
2741:. Ayse Demiral.
2731:
2699:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2647:Mission to Volga
2642:
2636:
2630:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2507:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2358:
2348:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2261:, p. 32–33.
2256:
2250:
2249:, p. 93–95.
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2213:, p. 92–93.
2208:
2202:
2196:
2179:
2178:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2093:
2087:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1905:
1904:, p. 95–96.
1899:
1893:
1892:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1841:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1410:. Archived from
1389:
1381:Pritsak, Omeljan
1377:
1371:
1370:
1344:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1242:
1239:
1115:(*Uluġundur) of
1070:Ahmad ibn Fadlan
976:
961:
958:collapsed after
944:Carpathian Basin
617:Sassanian Empire
584:is used, in the
547:'tailor', Hung.
426:ten oghur tribes
395:, Common Turkic
341:operates before
238:
234:
218:
194:Turkic languages
142:Turkic languages
66:Oghuric language
21:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4107:
4072:
4068:Kazakh diaspora
4036:
4006:
3755:
3721:
3719:
3713:
3675:Afghan Turkmens
3666:
3659:
3637:
3631:
3586:Siberian Tatars
3510:
3435:
3429:
3425:Iranian Kazakhs
3405:Khorasani Turks
3377:
3371:
3344:
3338:
3281:Chinese Kazakhs
3263:
3257:
3240:
3239:Turkic peoples
3234:
3135:Bulgarian Turks
3111:Abkhazian Turks
3064:
3036:Afghan Turkmens
3018:
2973:
2964:Iranian Kazakhs
2959:Chinese Kazakhs
2942:
2862:
2857:
2821:
2814:
2804:
2798:
2780:
2774:
2755:
2749:
2734:
2728:
2702:
2697:
2679:
2676:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2592:
2588:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2474:
2461:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2182:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2150:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2080:Clauson, Gerard
2078:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1842:
1830:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1747:
1745:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1719:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1498:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1189:
1131:(*Wulundur) of
1123:(*Wunundur) of
1055:Constantine VII
1045:Patria Onoguria
1001:
995:
985:integrated the
938:, under Khagan
932:
926:
597:
556:Oghuz languages
436:Wun ogur ->
313:(13th cent.)";
245:corresponds to
182:Khazar language
134:
128:
120:name of Hungary
74:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4140:
4138:
4130:
4129:
4127:Turkic peoples
4119:
4118:
4109:
4108:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3987:Yenisei Kyrgyz
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3915:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3736:Finnish Tatars
3733:
3727:
3725:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3439:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3357:Crimean Tatars
3354:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3300:Chinese Uzbeks
3297:
3296:
3295:
3286:Chinese Kyrgyz
3283:
3278:
3276:Chinese Tatars
3273:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3225:Tunisian Turks
3222:
3217:
3212:
3210:Romanian Turks
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3180:Lebanese Turks
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3160:Egyptian Turks
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3140:Croatian Turks
3137:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3116:Algerian Turks
3113:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2990:Chinese Kyrgyz
2987:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2915:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2899:
2879:
2877:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2860:Turkic peoples
2858:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2802:
2796:
2778:
2772:
2753:
2747:
2732:
2726:
2700:
2695:
2675:
2674:
2672:, p. 239.
2662:
2655:
2637:
2635:, p. 102.
2622:
2620:, p. 144.
2610:
2608:, p. 245.
2598:
2596:, p. 152.
2586:
2529:
2522:
2492:
2490:, p. 109.
2480:
2478:, p. 142.
2459:
2447:
2435:
2433:, p. 112.
2423:
2421:, p. 254.
2411:
2399:
2397:, p. 431.
2387:
2338:
2326:
2324:, p. 143.
2311:
2309:, p. 244.
2299:
2297:, p. 140.
2287:
2275:
2263:
2251:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2201:, p. 141.
2180:
2159:
2148:
2125:
2113:
2088:
2072:
2070:, p. 259.
2060:
2058:, p. 164.
2045:
2033:
2014:
2012:, p. 333.
2002:
2000:, p. 262.
1990:
1978:
1966:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1906:
1894:
1887:
1857:
1828:
1809:
1794:
1775:
1754:
1728:
1717:
1689:
1682:
1662:
1655:
1635:
1628:
1608:
1581:
1574:
1556:
1549:
1521:
1509:
1500:|website=
1476:
1456:
1427:
1372:
1335:(4): 413–440.
1319:
1304:
1292:
1277:
1265:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1208:Chuvash people
1205:
1200:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1137:Nándorfehérvár
1125:Hudud al-'Alam
1119:(c. 820), the
1097:Olxontor Błkar
1093:Ashkharatsuyts
1037:Magna Bulgaria
997:Main article:
994:
991:
989:and Onoghurs.
956:Avar Khaganate
930:Avar Khaganate
928:Main article:
925:
924:Avar Khaganate
922:
596:
593:
543:'wind', Hung.
519:) rather than
440:Wugorac ->
359:palatalization
325:(14th cent.);
253: : Oghur
198:Oghuric family
152:and to modern
130:Main article:
127:
124:
73:
70:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4139:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4115:
4106:territories).
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Black Klobuks
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3723:(exc. Russia)
3716:
3710:
3709:Afghan Kyrgyz
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3565:Mishar Tatars
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:in Uzbekistan
3237:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3215:Serbian Turks
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:Kosovan Turks
3173:
3171:
3170:Israeli Turks
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3150:Cypriot Turks
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:Bosnian Turks
3128:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:Afghan Kyrgyz
3002:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2824:on 2015-04-19
2820:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2797:9789732721520
2793:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2773:9789004163898
2769:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2758:Curta, Florin
2754:
2750:
2748:9789756467077
2744:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2729:
2727:9783447032742
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2696:9780520015968
2692:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2671:
2666:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2448:
2445:, p. 97.
2444:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2412:
2409:, p. 98.
2408:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2285:, p. 99.
2284:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2237:, p. 70.
2236:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2149:9781400829941
2145:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1988:, p. 31.
1987:
1982:
1979:
1976:, p. 29.
1975:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1957:, p. 13.
1956:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1921:, p. 30.
1920:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1829:1-57958-392-X
1825:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1785:, p. 91.
1784:
1779:
1776:
1765:
1758:
1755:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1718:9781003243809
1714:
1710:
1706:
1703:. Routledge.
1702:
1701:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1683:0-415-29772-9
1679:
1675:
1674:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1656:0-631-22039-9
1652:
1648:
1647:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1629:0-631-23170-6
1625:
1621:
1620:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1493:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1438:
1431:
1428:
1417:on 2016-12-13
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:Human Biology
1323:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1302:, p. 96.
1301:
1296:
1293:
1290:, p. 96.
1289:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1238:
1235:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1143:(*Nandur) of
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1000:
992:
990:
988:
984:
980:
977:862–895. The
972:
969:
965:
957:
953:
949:
948:Avar Kaganate
945:
941:
937:
931:
923:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
853:
851:
850:
846:
839:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
819:to the lower
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
790:
786:
783:". About the
782:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
741:
736:
732:
730:
726:
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
628:According to
626:
624:
623:
618:
614:
613:Transcaucasia
610:
606:
602:
594:
592:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
564:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:'sea', Hung.
482:
478:
474:
469:
466:
462:
458:
454:
451:
447:
444:Wenger ->
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
360:
356:
355:Vladimir Dybo
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:
230:
226:
222:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:agglutinative
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:agglutinative
162:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
133:
125:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
92:
88:
83:
79:
71:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4113:
3926:
3746:Lipka Tatars
3619:Tozhu Tuvans
3579:Volga Tatars
3292:Akto Turkmen
3185:Libyan Turks
3145:Cretan Turks
3060:Akto Turkmen
3009:Tajik Kyrgyz
2996:Akto Turkmen
2883:Azerbaijanis
2819:the original
2810:
2786:
2762:
2737:
2708:
2685:
2665:
2646:
2640:
2613:
2601:
2594:Fiedler 2008
2589:
2549:(1): 19210.
2546:
2542:
2532:
2513:
2509:
2495:
2483:
2450:
2438:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2390:
2353:
2329:
2302:
2290:
2278:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2218:
2206:
2174:
2169:
2162:
2153:
2138:
2128:
2116:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2063:
2036:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1897:
1870:
1860:
1818:
1812:
1803:
1797:
1778:
1767:. Retrieved
1757:
1746:, retrieved
1741:
1731:
1722:
1699:
1692:
1672:
1665:
1645:
1638:
1618:
1611:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1565:
1559:
1531:
1524:
1512:
1481:. Retrieved
1466:
1459:
1436:
1430:
1419:. Retrieved
1412:the original
1395:
1391:
1375:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1295:
1268:
1256:
1237:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1117:Ibn al-Kalbi
1112:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1076:. After the
1063:
1058:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1013:Nikephoros I
1008:
1002:
993:Old Bulgaria
966:and his son
933:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
885:
877:
875:
869:
865:
861:
857:
855:
842:
840:
831:
825:
808:
798:
792:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
757:
744:
738:
733:
718:
662:Tiele people
641:
627:
620:
608:
598:
589:
577:
569:
565:
553:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
470:
425:
421:
417:
413:
407:
401:
396:
392:
391:, Hungarian
388:
384:
377:Peter Golden
372:
363:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
265:, 'stone');
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
240:
208:
204:
202:
178:Oghur Turkic
163:
135:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
90:
86:
81:
77:
75:
62:Volga region
46:
42:
38:
36:
3967:Toquz Oghuz
3906:Oghuz Turks
3873:Sir-Kıvchak
3667:Afghanistan
3410:Qarai Turks
3326:Tor Uyghurs
3305:Fuyu Kyrgyz
3253:Karakalpaks
3122:Kouloughlis
2926:Karapapakhs
2670:Golden 2011
2633:Golden 1992
2618:Golden 2011
2606:Golden 1992
2488:Golden 1992
2476:Golden 2011
2455:Golden 1992
2443:Golden 1992
2431:Golden 1992
2419:Golden 1992
2407:Golden 1992
2371:|work=
2334:Golden 1992
2322:Golden 2011
2307:Golden 1992
2295:Golden 2011
2283:Golden 1992
2271:Golden 2011
2259:Golden 2011
2247:Golden 1992
2235:Golden 2011
2223:Golden 1992
2211:Golden 1992
2199:Golden 2011
2121:Golden 1992
2068:Golden 1992
2056:Golden 2011
2041:Golden 1992
2010:Golden 2011
1998:Golden 1992
1986:Golden 2011
1974:Golden 2011
1943:Golden 2011
1931:Golden 1992
1919:Golden 2011
1902:Golden 1992
1783:Golden 2006
1517:Golden 1992
1439:. Budapest.
1315:Golden 1992
1300:Golden 2012
1288:Golden 1992
1273:Golden 2011
1261:Golden 2011
1127:(982), the
1021:Onoghundurs
934:By 568 the
817:Kuban River
753:Middle Ages
674:Oghuz Turks
670:Toquz Oghuz
365:Denis Sinor
235:- English:
190:synharmonic
170:synharmonic
3014:Van Kyrgyz
2896:Shahsevans
1769:2023-04-25
1748:2022-05-05
1483:2024-03-30
1421:2023-04-26
1249:References
1088:"Tatars."
1059:Onogundurs
1043:state, or
1025:Theophanes
774:(Onoğur),
682:Kazakhstan
551:'grapes'.
523:(< Oğ.
515:(< Oğ.
507:'bridle',
503:'saddle',
418:Hungarians
404:Hungarians
387:, Oghuric
112:oğša-/oqša
4041:Diasporas
3982:Xueyantuo
3972:Uriankhai
3919:Pechenegs
3912:Turkomans
3886:Kutrigurs
3558:Kryashens
3520:Kumandins
3501:Karachays
3481:Besermyan
3456:Telengits
3362:Krymchaks
3345:in Crimea
3310:Ili Turks
2903:Küresünni
2714:Wiesbaden
2373:ignored (
2363:cite book
2155:identity.
1955:Dybo 2014
1846:cite book
1738:"KHAZARS"
1502:ignored (
1492:cite book
1445:cite book
1408:0363-5570
1342:1112.2013
1198:Kutrigurs
1149:*Wununtur
1133:Al-Masudi
1074:Tatarstan
952:Kutrigurs
914:Qara Itil
849:Maurikios
781:(plunder)
721:Kutrigurs
714:Khinialon
710:Kutrigurs
694:Akatziroi
658:Ting-ling
638:Saraghurs
582:rhotacism
539:, Comm.
531:, Oghur.
499:'horse',
487:, Oghur.
475:, Oghur.
422:Hun Oghur
414:(H)Ungari
108:oğuš/uğuš
76:The name
72:Etymology
4121:Category
4092:Turkmens
4080:Turkmeni
3937:Saragurs
3881:Kurykans
3867:Kipchaks
3852:Keraites
3837:Göktürks
3827:Dughlats
3817:Dingling
3787:Berendei
3638:Mongolia
3608:Tofalars
3572:Nağaybäk
3476:Bashkirs
3463:Tubalars
3449:Chelkans
3443:Altaians
3264:in China
3096:Tahtacıs
3089:Muhacirs
3030:Turkmens
2808:(2012),
2784:(2011).
2706:(1992).
2683:(1973),
2581:34584164
2357:. Varna.
2136:(2009).
2082:(1972),
1838:56420105
1383:(1982).
1367:13463642
1359:17278619
1187:See also
1082:Kipchaks
745:Hunuguri
735:Jordanes
704:, whose
702:Sandilch
690:Karadach
672:and the
646:Onoghurs
640:(Oghur.
615:and the
535:, Chuv.
491:, Comm.
479:, Comm.
381:Mongolic
375:suffix.
261: :
126:Language
100:oq/ogsiz
60:and the
39:Onoghurs
32:Onoguris
4104:Ottoman
4088:Iranian
4084:Afghani
4032:Mughals
4027:Hazaras
3977:Utigurs
3952:Türgesh
3927:Onogurs
3901:Nushibi
3896:Naimans
3857:Khazars
3847:Karluks
3802:Chigils
3797:Bulgars
3782:Barsils
3720:Europe
3699:Ansarlu
3645:Khotons
3603:Teleuts
3496:Dolgans
3491:Chuvash
3486:Chulyms
3471:Balkars
3415:Qashqai
3400:Khalajs
3378:in Iran
3320:Uyghurs
3043:Ansarlu
2954:Kazakhs
2868:Peoples
2572:8478946
2551:Bibcode
1744:, Brill
1402:: 470.
1213:Khazars
1203:Utigurs
1193:Bulgars
1155:by the
1151:in the
1145:Gardīzī
1101:History
1047:in the
973:around
940:Bayan I
894:Barsils
886:Khounni
836:Sogdian
807:, the "
801:Göktürk
785:Bulgars
768:Avnagur
729:Bulgars
725:Utigurs
706:Utigurs
678:Siberia
666:Uyghurs
630:Priscus
609:Honagur
601:Oghuric
595:History
574:totemic
554:In the
481:*tengiz
477:*tengir
424:-> (
409:On-Oğur
221:Turkish
213:Chuvash
158:Oghuric
154:Chuvash
118:" (see
116:Hungary
82:On-Oğur
43:Onoğurs
4100:Syrian
4022:Abdals
4015:Others
4002:Yabaku
3992:Yueban
3942:Shatuo
3932:Sabirs
3891:Merkit
3842:Kangly
3832:Esegel
3812:Cumans
3792:Bulaqs
3777:Basmyl
3741:Gagauz
3691:Timuri
3685:Aimaqs
3680:Afshar
3627:Yakuts
3613:Tuvans
3545:Tatars
3540:Soyots
3530:Nogais
3525:Kumyks
3512:Koibal
3506:Khakas
3436:Russia
3390:Afshar
3334:Yugurs
3248:Uzbeks
3103:Yörüks
2985:Kyrgyz
2794:
2770:
2745:
2724:
2693:
2653:
2579:
2569:
2520:
2146:
2106:]
1885:
1836:
1826:
1715:
1680:
1653:
1626:
1572:
1547:
1474:
1406:
1365:
1357:
1161:Joseph
1157:Khazar
1153:letter
1139:, the
1121:Vnndur
1086:exonym
1017:Kubrat
1004:Kubrat
983:Kabars
898:Sabirs
884:) and
870:Χουννί
845:Tamgan
794:towns.
749:marten
740:Getica
650:Sabirs
588:it is
580:where
568:means
501:nyereg
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