289:
glacier within the
Athabasca River valley. On its top, the narrow valley glacier carried eastward this mass of Gog Group quartzite and quartzitic conglomerate. Because it lay on and within the top of this glacier, the highly fractured boulders were neither broken up into smaller blocks nor rounded by movement of the glaciers that transported it. After leaving the Rocky Mountains, the valley glacier collided with the westward moving ice streams of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and both it, other Rocky Mountain valley glaciers, and Laurentide ice streams coalesced as ice streams and were diverted southward and parallel to the eastern flanks of the Rocky Mountains. Together they flowed as far south as northern Montana as an ice sheet before they stagnated and melted. When the ice sheet melted, erratics of Gog quartzite and quartzitic conglomerate were dropped to form the line of rocks known as the Foothills Erratics Train. Big Rock is one of these glacial erratics of Gog quartzite and quartzitic conglomerate that originated as part of a landslide in the Athabasca River valley and carried on the top of a glacier, later ice stream, to its present site.
347:
the wind whistled and the rain fell. Napi asked the rock to return his robe, but the rock refused. Napi got mad and just took the clothing. As he strolled away, he heard a loud noise and turning, he saw the rock was rolling after him. Napi ran for his life. The deer, the bison and the pronghorn were Napi's friends, and they tried to stop the rock by running in front of it. The rock rolled over them. Napi's last chance was to call on the bats for help. Fortunately, they did better than their hoofed neighbours, and by diving at the rock and colliding with it, one of them finally hit the rock just right and it broke into two pieces.
56:
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One hot summer day, Napi, the supernatural trickster of the
Blackfoot peoples, rested on the rock because the day was warm and he was tired. He spread his robe on the rock, telling the rock to keep the robe in return for letting Napi rest there. Suddenly, the weather changed and Napi became cold as
288:
Period, between 12,000 and 17,000 years ago, a massive landslide occurred within the upper reaches of the
Athabasca River valley. As a result of this landslide, millions of tonnes of beige to pinkish quartzite and quartzitic conglomerate slid from the side of a mountain and onto the top of a valley
267:
Valley of central western
Alberta. Big Rock is the largest erratic within the Foothills Erratics Train. Lying on prairie to the east of the Rocky Mountains and like all the larger erratics. it is visible for a considerable distance across the prairie and, likely served as a prominent landmark for
428:
Stalker, A MacS (1975). "The big rock." In
Structural geology of the foothills between Savanna Creek and Panther River, S.W. Alberta, Canada. May 23, 1975. H. J. Evers and J. E. Thorpe, eds., pp. 9-11. Calgary, Alberta, Canada: Canadian Society of Petroleum
358:
Although it has been claimed to be the largest glacial erratic in the world, e.g. Sterenberg (2013), Big Rock is not. For example, one large glacial erratic in
Germany measures 3 by 6 km (2 by 4 mi) and is 9 m (30 ft) thick. Near
321:, and may refer to the rock. The rock also contains native pictographs and was considered a medicine rock to the natives. In the 1970s the government declared it a Provincial Historic Site to protect its geological and cultural importance.
378:, and public parking is available at the turn-off. Despite the presence of a fence around Big Rock and a sign telling people not to climb, many tourists, who visit the rock, ignore the warnings to either
445:
Geology of the Frank Slide and southwestern
Alberta. Edmonton Geological Society â Geological Association of Canada annual field trip celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Frank Slide Disaster.
350:
Not only does this story explain why the rock is in two pieces, but also why bats have squashed-looking faces. The tale provides helpful caution against taking back what you have given away.
216:
quartzite that is light grey, pink, to purplish. Besides having been extensively fractured by frost action, it is unweathered. Big Rock lies about 8 km (5 mi) west of the town of
367:, covers an area of at least 10 km (4 sq mi), has a length of 4.0 km (2.5 mi) and is about 10 m (33 ft) thick. Pollen studies indicate that the Lower
208:
This massive angular boulder, which is broken into two main pieces, measures about 41 by 18 metres (135 by 60 feet) and is 9 m (30 ft) high. It consists of thick-bedded,
1502:
239:
quartzite glacial erratics between 30 cm (1 ft) and 41 m (135 ft) in length. This linear scatter of distinctive quartzite glacial erratics is known as the
2252:
1543:
768:
662:
Stalker, A MacS (1976). "Megablocks, or the enormous erratics of the
Albertan prairies." Paper no. 76-1C, pp. 185-188. Ottawa, Ontario: Geological Survey of Canada.
1989:
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1983:
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that is part of a 930 km (580 mi) long, narrow (1.00 to 22.05 km (0.62 to 13.7 mi) wide), linear scatter of thousands of distinctive
783:
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688:
Patterson, M., and N. Hoalst-Pullen (2014) "The
Geography of Beer: Regions, Environment, and Societies." New York, New York: Springer Dordrecht.
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Jackson, Lionel E.; Elizabeth R. Leboe; Edward C.Little; Phillip J. Holme; Stephen R. Hicock; Kazuharu
Shimamura; Faye E. Nelson (2008).
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Lionel E. Jackson, Jr.; Elizabeth R. Leboe; Edward C. Little; Philip J. Holme; Stephen R. Hicock & Kazuharu Shimamura (1999).
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One interesting feature of Big Rock is the large split down the middle. A Blackfoot story describes how this may have happened:
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sedimentary strata that comprise this glacial erratic were transported a minimum distance of about 260 km (160 mi).
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to the International Border. The boulders and smaller gravel, which comprises the Foothills Erratics Train, consist of Lower
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456:
Stalker, A MacS (1956). "The erratics train, Foothills of Alberta." Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin no. 37, 28 p.
224:, Canada, 18 km (11 mi) south of Calgary in the SE. 1/4 of Sec. 21, Township 20, Range 1, West 5th Meridian.
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V. P. Singh, P. Singh, and U. K. Haritashya, eds., pp. 693-694. Springer, AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1254 pages
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513:"CANQUA 99 Guidebook: Late Quaternary Geology of the Foothills, from Calgary to the AlbertaâMontana Border"
1995:
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308:(where Okotoks stands today) long before European settlement. The town's name, Okotoks, is derived from
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679:, edited by Timothy Darvill and AntĂłnio Pedro Batarda Fernandes, pp. 174â188. Routledge, New York.
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471:"Cosmogenic Cl dating of the maximum limit of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in southwestern Alberta"
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689:
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190:
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1335:
565:
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552:"Quaternary stratigraphy and geology of the Rocky Mountain Foothills, southwestern Alberta"
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2016:
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Open-Air Rock-Art Conservation and Management: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
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Managing Chaos: Vandalism and Rock-Art at the Okotoks Erratic, Alberta, Canada.
601:
2047:
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1759:
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1609:
644:
Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers, Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series.
379:
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that lies on the otherwise flat, relatively featureless, surface of the
2088:
1698:
1688:
331:, first documented the rock in 1863. He misidentified the feature as a
248:
243:. The Foothills Erratics Train extends along the eastern flanks of the
221:
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1345:
332:
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42:
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209:
1525:
725:
469:
Jackson, Lionel E.; Fred M. Phillips; Edward C. Little (1999).
363:, one of several large glacial erratics, which is called the
304:
used Big Rock as a landmark for finding a crossing over the
624:
Learning Indigenous and Western mathematics from place.
447:
Edmonton, Alberta: Edmonton Geological Society. 34 pp.
711:
Okotoks Big Rock â Managing Vandalism with Technology
197:. It is part of the 930-kilometre-long (580 mi)
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2009:
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21:
714:, Aboriginal Heritage Section, Alberta's history,
443:Cruden, DM, W Langenberg, and RC Paulen (2003).
1990:Withrow Moraine and Jameson Lake Drumlin Field
424:
422:
1537:
737:
201:of typically angular boulders of distinctive
8:
1984:Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area
1804:
1729:
1637:
1544:
1530:
1522:
1467:Scandia Eastern Irrigation District Museum
744:
730:
722:
506:
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502:
18:
784:Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park
569:
2253:Provincial Historic Resources of Alberta
1369:Canadian Grain Elevator Discovery Center
386:the 9 m (30 ft) tall erratic.
259:quartzite, which occurs only within the
418:
149:
129:
114:
48:
39:
1918:Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail
1882:Chippewa Moraine State Recreation Area
627:Mathematics Education Research Journal
532:
521:
374:Big Rock is located along the side of
312:
718:, Alberta Government (June 17, 2014).
585:Town of Okotoks - Okotoks' Beginnings
139:
7:
2248:Provincial historic sites of Alberta
1331:University of Alberta Botanic Garden
640:Landforms of Glacial Transportation.
557:Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin
397:in Calgary is named after Big Rock.
1924:Ice Age National Scientific Reserve
1477:Spruce Grove Grain Elevator Museum
598:"Okotoks Erratic - "The Big Rock""
476:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
16:Glacial erratic in Alberta, Canada
14:
1912:Horicon Marsh State Wildlife Area
365:Cooking Lake (Number 6) megablock
185:) is a 16,500-tonne (18,200-ton)
2202:
2201:
1857:Origin of the Oak Ridges Moraine
62:
61:
54:
41:
1311:North Saskatchewan River Valley
1920:, Idaho, Oregon and Washington
1482:St. Albert Grain Elevator Park
1359:Alberta Central Railway Museum
1113:Peter Lougheed Provincial Park
1:
2164:HuelmoâMascardi Cold Reversal
1472:South Peace Centennial Museum
794:Writing-on-Stone / ĂĂsĂnaiâpi
769:Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks
255:shallow marine quartzite and
1585:Glacial history of Minnesota
846:wildlands & wildernesses
779:Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump
1948:Kettle Moraine State Forest
1851:Lion's Head Provincial Park
2279:
2233:Glacial erratics of Canada
2094:Penultimate Glacial Period
1821:Big Rock (glacial erratic)
1422:Heritage Acres Farm Museum
1412:Galt Historic Railway Park
789:Wood Buffalo National Park
753:Protected areas in Alberta
100:50.7058833°N 114.0764222°W
2197:
2159:Late Glacial Interstadial
1938:, Minnesota and Wisconsin
1815:Arrowhead Provincial Park
1590:List of prehistoric lakes
1510:Provincial historic sites
1447:Remington Carriage Museum
80:
49:
40:
31:
2114:Holocene glacial retreat
1906:Glacial Lakes State Park
1845:Foothills Erratics Train
774:Dinosaur Provincial Park
407:List of individual rocks
317:, meaning "rock" in the
247:of Alberta and northern
241:Foothills Erratics Train
199:Foothills Erratics Train
105:50.7058833; -114.0764222
2154:BøllingâAllerød warming
1894:Devil's Lake State Park
1863:Ovayok Territorial Park
1552:Continental glaciations
1503:National historic sites
1442:Prairie Elevator Museum
1373:Canadian Tractor Museum
968:Dry Island Buffalo Jump
638:Shroder, J. F. (2011).
327:, a geologist with the
1996:Yosemite National Park
1900:Glacial Lake Wisconsin
1839:Eskers Provincial Park
1827:Cypress Hills (Canada)
1625:Timeline of glaciation
622:Sterenberg, G., 2013.
531:Cite journal requires
489:10.1139/cjes-36-8-1347
339:Indigenous perspective
281:
205:and pebbly quartzite.
173:(also known as either
2139:Quaternary glaciation
2074:Quaternary glaciation
1972:Mill Bluff State Park
1936:Interstate State Park
1750:Giant current ripples
1565:Cordilleran ice sheet
1168:Sir Winston Churchill
903:Canmore Nordic Centre
361:Cooking Lake, Alberta
279:
2258:Quartzite formations
2228:Landforms of Alberta
2149:Wisconsin glaciation
2104:Last Glacial Maximum
1620:Post-glacial rebound
1575:Last Glacial Maximum
1570:Laurentide ice sheet
1306:Muttart Conservatory
1058:Lois Hole Centennial
761:World Heritage Sites
613:Retrieved 2016-02-11
587:Retrieved 2012-02-09
284:Near the end of the
263:and is found in the
2134:Pre-Illinoian Stage
2099:Last Glacial Period
1888:Coteau des Prairies
1799:Greenland ice sheet
1492:Warner elevator row
1377:Cold Lake Air Force
1321:Oldman River Valley
1291:Edmonton Valley Zoo
1233:Willmore Wilderness
1118:Pierre Grey's Lakes
671:Brink, J.W., 2014.
629:, 25(1), pp.91-108.
329:Palliser Expedition
268:Indigenous people.
96: /
2179:4.2 kiloyear event
2174:8.2 kiloyear event
2109:Mousterian Pluvial
1841:, British Columbia
1432:Krause Milling Co.
1392:Fort Edmonton Park
1326:Pearce Estate Park
1223:William A. Switzer
1178:Strathcona Science
1033:Kananaskis Country
390:In popular culture
319:Blackfoot language
297:The people of the
282:
2215:
2214:
2184:Piora Oscillation
2144:Sangamonian Stage
2005:
2004:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1519:
1518:
1487:Ukrainian Village
1258:Wyndham-Carseland
1043:Lesser Slave Lake
908:Caribou Mountains
708:Brink, J. (2014)
694:978-94-007-7786-6
652:978-90-481-2641-5
314:[ËokÉtok]
191:Canadian Prairies
168:
167:
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2263:Individual rocks
2238:Foothills County
2205:
2204:
1805:
1730:
1714:Terminal moraine
1638:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1523:
1286:Devonian Gardens
1253:Writing-on-Stone
1158:Saskatoon Island
868:Big Hill Springs
842:Provincial parks
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696:
686:
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600:. Archived from
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491:. Archived from
483:(8): 1347â1356.
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395:Big Rock Brewery
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272:Geologic history
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2053:Lambert Glacier
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2022:Killary Harbour
2001:
1954:Lake Bonneville
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1663:Roche moutonnĂŠe
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1595:Proglacial lake
1580:Canadian Shield
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1520:
1515:
1382:Ellis Bird Farm
1364:Atlas Coal Mine
1349:
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1133:Queen Elizabeth
1028:Kinbrook Island
998:Gooseberry Lake
923:Castle Wildland
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280:Okotoks Erratic
274:
265:Athabasca River
245:Rocky Mountains
229:glacial erratic
171:Okotoks Erratic
145:glacial erratic
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23:Okotoks Erratic
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1013:Hilliard's Bay
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604:on 2015-08-15
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88:50°42â˛21.18âłN
81:Coordinates:
79:
57:
44:
35:
30:
20:
2119:Oldest Dryas
2089:Interstadial
2084:Interglacial
2067:Time periods
1998:, California
1992:, Washington
1733:Glacifluvial
1682:Depositional
1605:Lake Chicago
1600:Lake Agassiz
1508:
1501:
1387:Fort Calgary
1238:Willow Creek
1213:Wabamun Lake
1193:Thunder Lake
1173:Spray Valley
1148:Rochon Sands
938:Crimson Lake
898:Calling Lake
893:Brown-Lowery
832:Wood Buffalo
710:
684:
676:
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643:
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634:
626:
623:
618:
606:. Retrieved
602:the original
592:
580:
561:
555:
545:
524:cite journal
493:the original
480:
474:
452:
444:
393:
373:
364:
357:
349:
345:
342:
325:James Hector
323:
309:
302:First Nation
296:
283:
226:
207:
182:
174:
170:
169:
2129:Pleistocene
2124:Older Dryas
1986:, Wisconsin
1978:Oneida Lake
1974:, Wisconsin
1950:, Wisconsin
1932:, Wisconsin
1926:, Wisconsin
1914:, Wisconsin
1908:, Minnesota
1902:, Wisconsin
1896:, Wisconsin
1884:, Wisconsin
1770:Outwash fan
1765:Kettle hole
1658:Ribbon lake
1615:Teays River
1407:Frank Slide
1336:Sylvan Lake
1281:Calgary Zoo
1273:Urban parks
1188:Sylvan Lake
1163:Sheep River
1123:Pigeon Lake
1053:Little Fish
988:Garner Lake
978:Eagle Point
928:Chain Lakes
888:Bragg Creek
853:Aspen Beach
716:Retroactive
429:Geologists.
354:Present day
306:Sheep River
286:Pleistocene
214:feldspathic
103: /
2222:Categories
2048:Antarctica
2041:Antarctica
2027:Monte Rosa
1980:, New York
1760:Kame delta
1719:Till plain
1610:Lake Tight
1228:Williamson
1198:Tillebrook
1083:Moose Lake
1048:Little Bow
1023:Jarvis Bay
983:Fish Creek
943:Cross Lake
883:Bow Valley
873:Big Island
817:Elk Island
608:2015-07-20
413:References
369:Cretaceous
1968:, Montana
1865:, Nunavut
1859:, Ontario
1853:, Ontario
1847:, Alberta
1835:, Ontario
1823:, Alberta
1817:, Ontario
1641:Erosional
1634:Landforms
1316:Nose Hill
1208:Vermilion
1203:Two Lakes
1153:Rock Lake
1143:Red Lodge
1138:Ram Falls
1103:Park Lake
1093:Obed Lake
1088:Notikewin
1063:Long Lake
948:Crow Lake
933:Cold Lake
878:Big Knife
376:Highway 7
310:"o'kotok"
299:Blackfoot
261:Gog Group
233:quartzite
210:micaceous
203:quartzite
179:Blackfoot
135:quartzite
131:Formed by
2207:Category
2032:Svalbard
1962:, Nevada
1740:Diluvium
1452:Reynolds
1248:Woolford
1183:Sundance
1038:Lakeland
973:Dunvegan
963:Dinosaur
401:See also
253:Cambrian
175:Big Rock
152:Topo map
116:Location
69:Big Rock
26:Big Rock
2243:Okotoks
2010:Eurasia
1699:Moraine
1689:Drumlin
1558:General
1346:Museums
1098:O'Brien
1068:Midland
380:boulder
293:History
249:Montana
222:Alberta
218:Okotoks
195:Alberta
187:boulder
177:or, in
141:Geology
125:Alberta
121:Okotoks
1956:, Utah
1944:, Ohio
1875:States
1873:United
1808:Canada
1775:Sandur
918:Castle
822:Jasper
692:
650:
333:klippe
237:pebbly
183:Okotok
1745:Esker
1648:Fjord
1497:Whyte
1348:&
812:Banff
516:(PDF)
384:climb
181:, as
119:near
1755:Kame
690:ISBN
648:ISBN
537:help
235:and
160:82J9
675:In
642:In
566:doi
562:583
485:doi
382:or
193:in
157:NTS
2224::
564:.
560:.
554:.
528::
526:}}
522:{{
501:^
481:36
479:.
473:.
461:^
434:^
421:^
335:.
220:,
212:,
123:,
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1538:t
1531:v
844:,
745:e
738:t
731:v
611:.
574:.
568::
539:)
535:(
518:.
487::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
