92:
692:
508:
955:
819:, along with their four children, moved to the Finke River Mission in 1965. Both worked with the Aboriginal community until 1969. They both loved music, and worked with the choir, including taking the singers on a tour to the southern states in 1967, for which Olga was the piano accompanist and organist. After leaving Hermannsburg they moved on to work with other Lutheran congregations, until Doug's untimely death, when Olga moved to Alice Springs to work at the
215:
360:
72:
99:
674:
The mission buildings, located adjacent to the town of Ntaria, are empty. The heritage precinct is owned by the local
Western Arrarnta people, represented by the Hermannsburg Historical Society, while the Finke River Mission (a term that now embraces all Lutheran missionary activities in the Northern
423:
They arrived with 37 horses, 20 cattle and nearly 2000 sheep, five dogs and chickens. Construction began on the first building in late June 1877, made from wood and reed grass. By August a stockyard, kitchen and living quarters were also completed. They had nearly no contact with
Aboriginal people in
569:
The mission was without a missionary until Pastor
Johannes Riedel arrived in late 1923, followed by Pastor Friedrich Wilhelm Albrecht on 19 April 1926 with his wife. They stayed until 1962. Drought struck again in 1927 causing ill heath and scurvy. There was yet another influx of Aboriginal people
498:
to
Hermannsburg. Many of the locals could by this time speak German, and Pastor Strehlow continued documenting the local language, and was involved with local people in Bible translation and hymn writing. In 1896 additional construction took place of a school house, which was also used as a chapel
515:
In mid-1910, the
Strehlows left on a break to Germany and placed their five eldest children with relatives and friends there, in order to secure a good education for them. While they were away, they were replaced by Leibler and then by teacher H. H. Heinrich. Carl, Frieda, and their son Theo
435:
in
October 1877, accompanying three additional lay workers and the wives of Kempe and Schwarz. With the additional workers, five buildings were complete by December 1878. By 1880, a church was constructed with the assistance of Aboriginal labour, and the first church service took place on 12
462:
While the population fluctuated, there were always about 100 people living at the mission as pastoralism increased and racial issues developed. Hostilities escalated in 1883 during a drought which saw local
Aboriginal people hunt wandering stock. Kempe endured trouble from the
543:" children had no contact with camp life. Hermannsburg was to be taken away from the Lutherans and "serve as a reserve for the remnants of the southern central tribes where they can, under proper and competent control, be trained to habits of industry". However, when the
424:
the first few months, although their activities were being observed. At the end of August, a group of 15 Arrernte men visited the mission camping near the settlement. Realising that communication was difficult, the missionaries quickly learnt the local
Arrernte language.
774:
started using the term to apply retrospectively to all
Lutheran missionary activity in Central Australia since the first mission was established at Hermannsburg in 1877, including establishments at Alice Springs, and the name continues to be used as of 2022.
742:, comprising 53 hymns. The congregation learnt to sing them, and a choir was born. Singing was an important part of the church activities, and there were many versions of the choir over the years, eventually evolving into what is as of 2022 called the
655:, who was born at Hermannsburg, "If the missionaries had not come to Hermannsburg, there would be no blackfellas in Central Australia" – this observation based on the attitude of the English-speaking administrators and other settlers in the region.
823:
as a volunteer. In 2003, she became a member of the
Prisoners' Aid and Rehabilitation Association of Alice Springs. She lobbied for a support group for people with mental illness, and has continued to work with churches and choirs. In the
2047:
493:
arrived in October 1894 (or 1895?) with his wife, Frieda Strehlow (née Kaysser). Frieda was born in 1875, and had met Strehlow when he was training to be a missionary in 1892. After marrying in Adelaide, the couple travelled by
750:. Initially a mixed choir, it became women-only in the 1970s until the late 2010s, when men joined the choir again. It is today world-famous and has produced several albums. As of 2020 it included six women and two men.
499:
and an eating house. Frieda taught the women about a healthy diet and how to reduce child mortality. Severe droughts during 1897-8 and again in 1903 meant poor food production and an influx of Aboriginal people.
2040:
539:
where the children would be denied any contact with their parents, be prevented from speaking their languages and made incapable of living in the bush. He was particularly keen to make sure that "
2033:
2234:
1782:
581:
and her sister Una, and was completed on 1 October 1935. Albrecht also developed various other enterprises such as a large vegetable garden and orchard, beef cattle ranching and a
620:
By 2014, there were 24 Aboriginal pastors, and more than 40 trainees and female church leaders. The congregation included around 6,000 people, and sermons were being delivered in
201:
189:
91:
758:"Finke River Mission" was initially an alternative name for the Hermannsburg Mission, but this name was later often used to include the newer government settlements at
482:
Fried Schwartz left the mission in 1889 due to ill health, followed by Schulze in 1891. Kempe lost his wife and child during childbirth and was himself suffering from
439:
A 54-page dictionary of 1750 words was published in 1890. In 1891 the mission published an Arrernte-language book on Christian instruction and worship, containing a
2229:
124:
825:
1567:
527:
Many English-speaking people in the area mistrusted the German missionaries, and did not have a high opinion of the Aboriginal people. From 1912 to 1922,
2244:
640:
The Lutherans worked at keeping the local languages alive, and the Strehlows greatly increased the knowledge of Aranda culture. Much is preserved in the
2254:
2224:
2239:
544:
535:, attempted to shut down the mission. In his 1913 report, Spencer proposed taking all Aboriginal children away from their parents and setting up
796:
As of 2015, there were 21 Aboriginal pastors and many other church workers employed by Finke River Mission, serving over 30 communities in five
1094:
1415:
1007:
467:, who would bribe some Aboriginal men to kill their fellow tribesmen, sometimes offering them sex with the women as a reward. Kempe assisted
1963:
436:
November, followed by school on 14 November. The first Aboriginal baptisms took place and in 1887 as many as 20 young people were baptised.
664:
1815:
1877:
1482:
1379:
668:
609:
242:
182:
1698:
990:
The Aranda's Pepa: An introduction to Carl Strehlow's Masterpiece Die Aranda- und Loritja-Stämme in Zentral-Australien (1907-1920)
577:, which piped water from a permanent water hole 6 km (3.7 mi) to the mission. It was funded in part by Melbourne artist
2183:
2091:
1441:
456:
2111:
933:
829:
815:
797:
601:
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published Schulze's thesis on the habits and customs of the local Aboriginal people and the geography of the Finke River area.
297:
284:, but the former term was later used to included a few more settlements, and from 2014 has applied to all Lutheran missions in
194:
2122:
2071:
1189:
1159:
1067:
2137:
2132:
2106:
532:
472:
1226:
2163:
2117:
1804:
1472:
1099:
771:
763:
117:
2178:
2142:
790:
521:
329:
832:
for service to the community of Alice Springs. In 2021, she wrote and published a book about the 1967 tour, entitled
1974:
2259:
2168:
552:
937:
691:
2193:
2076:
1945:
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574:
55:
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and 85 per cent of Aboriginal children died during this time. A delivery of oranges was considered "a miracle".
2101:
2086:
2081:
1846:
1519:
1407:
911:
888:
861:
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401:
1287:
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747:
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1343:
1316:
563:
528:
373:
348:
230:
168:
160:
855:
1403:
Hermannsburg Choir on Tour - Remembering the 1967 Choir Tour; Including the Original 'Choir Tour Diary'
789:
run by Finke River Mission, catering for around 200 Aboriginal students. It also has a small campus in
486:, so also left the mission in 1891. In this way the first term of administration of the mission ended.
351:, the suburb had decreased in population to 551, of whom 491 (89.1 per cent) identified as Aboriginal.
2025:
713:
397:
206:
28:
1936:
1295:
1104:
706:
341:
864:, after a visit to Hermannsburg with Warren H Williams, wrote a song called "Hermannsburg" in 2015
1538:
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625:
536:
238:
62:
359:
214:
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898:
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648:, son of Ted, has written a two-volume book about his grandparents, Carl and Frieda Strehlow.
629:
322:
318:
292:
285:
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1994:
1467:
Parliament of Australia. House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs;
993:
967:
735:
702:
695:
621:
344:, Hermannsburg had a population of 625, of whom 537 (86 per cent) identified as Aboriginal.
269:
234:
1514:
1468:
782:
548:
495:
413:
409:
302:
273:
250:
1929:
1672:
592:
The first two Aboriginal pastors were ordained in 1964, Conrad Rabaraba and Cyril Motna.
705:(1902–1959), famous for his watercolour landscapes, founded a style later known as the
954:
878:
778:
589:
landscape artists, which became one of the special heritages of the Hermannsburg area.
555:
in 1913 to see whether these negative reports were true, he gave Strehlow his support.
468:
405:
393:
1949:. Vol. LI, no. 12, 231. p. 7 – via National Library of Australia.
2218:
2006:
1951:
Detailed report compiled in 1885 from data supplied by Kempe and a letter by Schwarz.
868:
786:
645:
578:
490:
464:
265:
1774:
2173:
1970:
1352:, Bulletin of the Northern Territory, no. 7, Dept. of External Affairs, p. 20a
1033:
874:
759:
743:
729:
517:
476:
417:
1325:, Bulletin of the Northern Territory, no. 7, Dept. of External Affairs, p. 23
1836:
1723:
1401:
683:
The Finke River Mission operates the general store, by request of the community.
1014:
845:
717:
586:
385:
314:
257:
246:
77:
593:
558:
The Strehlows finally left on 22 October 1922 when Pastor Strehlow contracted
540:
71:
1940:
1887:
1564:"Australian National Heritage listing for the Hermannsburg Historic Precinct"
139:
126:
2198:
2158:
2127:
1749:
1644:
739:
599:
The mission land was handed over to traditional ownership in 1982 under the
440:
27:
This article is about the Australian community. For the German mission, see
1233:. Speech by former Administrator Ted Egan AO at the launch of Volume II of
1618:
17:
2020:
1347:
1320:
1222:
849:
432:
381:
261:
998:
2188:
2014:
1870:
Albert : Albert Namatjira and the Hermannsburg Watercolour Artists
1841:
767:
582:
483:
389:
452:
428:
690:
559:
506:
448:
444:
358:
213:
867:
Otto Pareroultja, first painter in the region to paint in a more
1180:
M. Lohe; F.W. Albrecht; L.H. Leske (1977). Everard Leske (ed.).
2029:
1349:
Preliminary report on the Aboriginals of the Northern Territory
1322:
Preliminary report on the Aboriginals of the Northern Territory
608:
The settlement and its satellite communities were funded as an
1539:"Hermannsburg Historic Precinct and Finke River Mission Today"
836:. The book includes her original detailed "Choir Tour Diary".
241:
of Australia, 125 kilometres (78 mi); west southwest of
1129:
Watson, Penny (1987). "Early Missionaries of Hermannsburg".
834:
Hermannsburg Choir on Tour - Remembering the 1967 Choir Tour
1775:"Mrs Olga Josephine RADKE: Medal of the Order of Australia"
1699:"Indigenous Women's Only Ntaria Choir Reaches Back To Bach"
1619:"Hermannsburg Potters: Aranda Artists of Central Australia"
1474:
Inquiry into the Aboriginal homelands movement in Australia
380:
dreaming. It was conceived as an Aboriginal mission by two
1594:"Finke River Mission - Glossary Term - Northern Territory"
1805:"Historic Hermannsburg Choir tour celebrated in new book"
520:), returned in 1912, having received letters from Aranda
489:
The settlement was continued by lay workers until Pastor
1783:
Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)
1154:. Alice Springs, N.T.: Strehlow Research Centre. 1993.
585:. They also supported the development of the school of
376:
known as Ntaria, which was associated with the Aranda
47:
663:
The Hermannsburg Historic Precinct was listed on the
1346:; Australia. Department of External Affairs (1913),
1319:; Australia. Department of External Affairs (1913),
2151:
2064:
1932:
South Australian History - Flinders Ranges Research
852:, has lived in Hermannsburg since 2009 (as of 2021)
200:
188:
177:
167:
155:
116:
41:
1372:Kuprilya Springs: Hermannsburg & other things
372:Hermannsburg was established on 4 June 1877 at a
2235:Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory
2007:"Albert Namatjira: Mt Hermannsburg, Finke River"
1954:Roennfeldt, D. and the community members (2006)
1175:
1173:
1171:
938:"2021 Community Profiles: Hermannsburg (Suburb)"
720:, and many successful artists live in the town.
573:Albrecht was integral to the development of the
511:The new Bethlehem Lutheran church, built in 1964
793:(Walungurru), catering for around 30 students.
1436:
1434:
400:from Germany, who had travelled overland from
2041:
1592:George, Karen; George, Gary (17 March 2017).
1227:"Hermannsburg Mission: questions of survival"
734:In 1891 Pastors Kempe and Schwarze created a
218:The Hermannsburg Lutheran Church in 1957/1958
98:
8:
1958:. IAD Press, Northern Territory, Australia.
1477:. Australian Government Publishing Service.
813:Reverend Doug Radke and his wife Olga Radke
1868:Kamholtz, Damien; Namatjira, Lenie (2006).
1667:
1665:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
746:. The choir sings in Western Arrernte and
2048:
2034:
2026:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
953:
70:
38:
997:
412:. They named their new mission among the
36:Town in the Northern Territory, Australia
1442:"Hermannsburg Historic Village Precinct"
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
427:A third missionary, Louis Schulze (from
1930:Hermannsburg Aboriginal Mission, Ntaria
1095:"Finke River Mission 135th Anniversary"
983:
981:
922:
545:Administrator of the Northern Territory
1587:
1585:
1510:
1500:
2011:Painting by Namatjira of the mountain
1374:. Alice Springs, N.T.: Jose Petrick.
1146:
1144:
1060:The Hermannsburg chronicle, 1877-1933
942:2021 Census of Population and Housing
928:
926:
384:missionaries, A. Hermann Kempe (from
328:It is within the jurisdiction of the
7:
2230:Populated places established in 1877
1570:from the original on 25 October 2012
1182:Hermannsburg: a vision and a mission
1027:
1025:
1023:
665:Northern Territory Heritage Register
624:, Western Arrarnta, Pitjantjatjara,
455:and 53 hymns. In the same year, the
420:in Germany where they had trained.
272:language during his time there. The
233:community in Ljirapinta Ward of the
1956:Western Arrarnta Picture Dictionary
1816:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
897:, son of Gus, also a singer, and a
2056:Localities and communities of the
2015:Photograph of Hermannsburg in 1994
1779:Australian Honours Search Facility
826:2015 Queen's Birthday honours list
325:region of the Northern Territory.
249:, in the traditional lands of the
25:
2245:Australian National Heritage List
1941:"The Finke River Mission Station"
1288:"Strehlow, Rev. Carl (1871-1922)"
1184:. Adelaide: Lutheran Pub. House.
738:language version of the Lutheran
669:Australian National Heritage List
2255:1877 establishments in Australia
2009:. National Gallery of Australia.
1872:. Adelaide: Openbook Australia.
1292:German Missionaries in Australia
988:Kenny, Anna (20 December 2013).
877:(1908–1978), son of Carl, noted
858:(1941–), botanist, grew up there
531:, then Special Commissioner and
457:Royal Society of South Australia
317:within the rolling hills of the
97:
90:
2225:Towns in the Northern Territory
1803:Barwick, Rohan (16 July 2021).
1697:Strahle, Graham (29 May 2019).
1448:. Northern Territory Government
1062:. Tanunda, S.A.: P.A. Scherer.
1034:"Hermannsburg Lutheran Mission"
934:Australian Bureau of Statistics
881:, initiated into Aranda customs
830:Medal of the Order of Australia
602:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976
596:was pastor from 1965 to 1969.
392:) and Wilhelm F. Schwarz (from
298:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976
2240:Australian Aboriginal missions
1677:Hermannsburg Historic Precinct
1649:Hermannsburg Historic Precinct
1543:Hermannsburg Historic Precinct
181:131 km (81 mi) from
1:
2017:National Library of Australia
1750:"Kintore Campus (Walungurru)"
1496:Published online 12 June 2011
644:in Alice Springs, and author
533:Chief Protector of Aborigines
1100:Lutheran Church of Australia
772:Lutheran Church of Australia
675:Territory) act as managers.
291:The land was handed over to
260:Aboriginal mission in 1877,
972:MacDonnell Regional Council
330:MacDonnell Regional Council
2276:
1235:The Tale of Frieda Kaysser
727:
667:on 19 May 2001 and on the
636:Legacy of the missionaries
562:. He died the next day at
524:imploring them to return.
471:in bringing the notorious
363:Aboriginal dwellings, 1923
26:
1976:Journey to Horseshoe Bend
1946:South Australian Register
1906:Aboriginal Bark Paintings
716:are well known for their
575:Kuprilya Springs Pipeline
313:Hermannsburg lies on the
85:
69:
1847:University of Queensland
1673:"The Hermannsburg Choir"
1408:Strehlow Research Centre
1152:Strehlow Research Centre
912:Strehlow Research Centre
889:Aboriginal country music
821:Strehlow Research Centre
642:Strehlow Research Centre
1344:Spencer, Walter Baldwin
1317:Spencer, Walter Baldwin
828:, Olga was awarded the
251:Western Arrarnta people
190:Territory electorate(s)
48:
1982:. Angus and Robertson.
1937:Krichauff, F. E. H. W.
1566:. Environment.gov.au.
1370:Petrick, Jose (2007).
1058:Scherer, P.A. (1995).
699:
651:According to musician
632:, as well as English.
512:
364:
301:, and the area is now
219:
140:23.94306°S 132.77778°E
754:"Finke River Mission"
694:
510:
362:
293:traditional ownership
268:documented the local
217:
105:Ntaria (Hermannsburg)
43:Ntaria (Hermannsburg)
2021:Hermannsburg Potters
1623:Hermannsburg Potters
1400:Radke, Olga (2021).
1225:(23 December 2019).
798:Aboriginal languages
781:is a co-educational
714:Hermannsburg Potters
398:Hermannsburg Mission
282:Hermannsburg Mission
145:-23.94306; 132.77778
29:Hermannsburg Mission
1939:(26 January 1886).
1728:Finke River Mission
1625:. 19 September 2022
1296:Griffith University
1261:Finke River Mission
999:10.22459/ap.12.2013
707:Hermannsburg School
473:Constable Willshire
443:, stories from the
278:Finke River Mission
264:and anthropologist
202:Federal division(s)
136: /
1999:MacDonnell Council
1971:Strehlow, T. G. H.
1902:"Otto Pareroultja"
1598:Find & Connect
1231:Alice Springs News
1131:Heritage Australia
700:
612:during the 1980s.
513:
365:
295:in 1982 under the
239:Northern Territory
220:
63:Northern Territory
2260:MacDonnell Region
2212:
2211:
2058:MacDonnell Region
1908:. 6 February 2018
1730:. 29 October 2018
1446:Heritage Register
1417:978-0-6485919-2-4
1406:. Friends of the
1263:. 19 October 2018
1009:978-1-921536-77-9
899:traditional owner
895:Warren H Williams
653:Warren H Williams
551:, came down from
323:Central Australia
319:MacDonnell Ranges
286:Central Australia
256:Established as a
212:
211:
16:(Redirected from
2267:
2204:Wallace Rockhole
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1983:
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1808:(audio, 30 mins)
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1237:by John Strehlow
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1107:on 24 June 2015.
1103:. Archived from
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1038:German Australia
1029:
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958:
957:
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950:
948:
936:(28 June 2022).
930:
818:
736:Western Arrernte
703:Albert Namatjira
696:Albert Namatjira
659:Heritage listing
321:in the southern
270:Western Arrernte
235:MacDonnell Shire
225:, also known as
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56:Western Arrarnta
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1924:Further reading
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1911:
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1849:. 9 August 2019
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1703:Music Australia
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1645:"Local artists"
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875:Ted Strehlow
840:Other people
833:
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475:to trial in
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368:19th century
346:
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336:Demographics
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223:Hermannsburg
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2112:Lake Mackay
1853:24 February
1821:10 November
1788:10 November
1574:25 December
1548:10 November
1423:10 November
1356:11 November
1329:11 November
1301:12 November
1267:14 November
1241:12 November
1137:(2): 31–34.
1043:14 November
846:Yvette Holt
718:ceramic art
587:watercolour
394:Württemberg
374:sacred site
349:2021 census
342:2011 census
315:Finke River
247:Finke River
169:Postcode(s)
161:2021 census
143: /
131:132°46′40″E
118:Coordinates
2219:Categories
2123:Mount Zeil
2072:Burt Plain
2065:Localities
1812:ABC Darwin
1759:9 December
1734:8 November
1708:8 November
1682:8 November
1654:8 November
1629:8 November
1603:8 November
1191:0859100448
1161:0724528210
1069:0646247921
918:References
856:Peter Latz
809:The Radkes
728:See also:
679:Facilities
626:Anmatyerre
610:outstation
594:Doug Radke
541:half-caste
231:Aboriginal
159:551 (
156:Population
128:23°56′35″S
18:Olga Radke
2199:Titjikala
2159:Amoonguna
2138:Petermann
2133:Namatjira
2128:Mutitjulu
2107:Kunparrka
1888:224953943
1513:ignored (
1503:cite book
1490:16 August
1257:"History"
1223:Egan, Ted
901:of Ntaria
740:hymn book
441:catechism
396:) of the
309:Geography
245:, on the
195:Namatjira
2250:Arrernte
2164:Areyonga
2143:Simpson
2118:Mereenie
1973:(1969).
1912:8 August
1568:Archived
1452:17 March
906:See also
850:Brisbane
764:Areyonga
698:monument
630:Alyawarr
537:reserves
433:Adelaide
382:Lutheran
262:linguist
258:Lutheran
229:, is an
207:Lingiari
178:Location
78:Lutheran
2189:Papunya
2179:Kintore
2169:Imanpa
1842:AustLit
1724:"About"
791:Kintore
768:Papunya
622:Luritja
583:tannery
484:typhoid
453:prayers
404:in the
402:Bethany
390:Dresden
388:, near
355:History
347:By the
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560:dropsy
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522:elders
449:psalms
429:Saxony
416:after
386:Dauban
378:ratapa
227:Ntaria
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2077:Finke
1980:(PDF)
871:style
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445:Bible
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2087:Hale
2082:Ghan
1960:ISBN
1914:2019
1884:OCLC
1874:ISBN
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1790:2022
1761:2022
1736:2022
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1631:2022
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1576:2012
1550:2022
1515:help
1492:2020
1479:ISBN
1454:2019
1425:2022
1412:ISBN
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