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Old Calendarists

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1983: 241: 187: 1894: 169: 151: 48: 2038:. Under Auxentios, "complicated patterns of division and realignment occurred both within his own jurisdiction and among the followers of Archbishop Matthew". Due to this, in 1999 there were at least five different Greek Old Calendarist churches, each headed by a different archbishop of Athens. Additionally, there was also a 2228: 2378:
with New Calendarists and all who refuse to reject the sacraments of the New Calendarists as outside the Orthodox Church and therefore as having sacraments devoid of grace." Churches which hold this position "see themselves as the surviving Orthodox church, maintaining the integrity of Orthodox
2091:
From 1935 and onwards, the Romanian government enacted "drastic measures" aimed to "eradicate organized opposition" to the Romanian Orthodox Church. Due to this, Romanian Old Calendarist churches and monasteries "were razed", and Romanian Old Calendarists activists were incarcerated. "Many, like
1954:
became the leader of the Greek Old Calendarist movement. Of the three bishops who had joined, Chrysostom of Zakynthos soon left the movement after the consecration and went back to the Church of Greece. Of the four bishops consecrated, two joined the Church of Greece. This left the Greek Old
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with the mainstream Eastern Orthodox which follow the old calendar, because the latter maintained communion with Eastern Orthodox churches which had adopted the revised calendar. Thus, to be "Old Calendarist" is not the same thing as only following the old calendar. The
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date of Easter. The astronomical Easter was unpopular and hardly used at all, and for the purpose of calculating the date of Easter the Julian calendar was restored. Not all Eastern Orthodox churches were represented at the congress or adopted its decisions, and the
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This article is about the Eastern Orthodox groups which have left their Churches due to disagreements concerning the Revised Julian calendar. For the other name of the Eastern Orthodox movement which separated from mainstream Eastern Orthodoxy in the 1920s, see
2289:" as well as its cooperation with the Cyprianite Old Calendarist Church. Two weeks prior to the Cyprianite Old Calendarist Church's decision, the ROCOR had severed communion with the Cyprianite Old Calendarist Church due to its leader consecrating a bishop in 2168:
Metropolitan Galaction was the first head of the Romanian Old Calendarist, until his death in 1959. Galaction was succeeded as head by Tănase, who became the second leader of the Romania Old Calendarist Church, from 1960 until his death in 1985. Tanase was
3246: 1213: 2419: 2465: 688: 698: 743: 748: 718: 2110:, joined the Old Calendarist movement in Romania. Before they were joined by a bishops, the Old Calendarist movement in Romania was only composed of priests and laypeople, of which "several hundreds monks from 2049:
In 1971, the ROCOR tried to unite the factions of Greek Old Calendarists, but failed. In 1999, the most important groups of Greek Old Calendarists were the Chrysostomites, the Matthewites, and the Cyprianites.
1955:
Calendarist movement with four bishops: Chrysostomos of Florina, Germanos of Demetria, Germanos of the Cyclades, and Matthew (Karpoudakis) of Vrestheni. Those remaining four bishops created an Old Calendarist
3262:Обзор неканонических православных юрисдикций XX—XXI вв.: монография. В 4 т. — Т. 4: Греческий старостильный раскол. — 2-е изд., испр. и доп. — СПб.: Своё издательство, 2018. — 282 с. 1921:, also called 'New calendar'. "At first, resistance to the New Calendar was muted". The Old Calendarists in Greece were at first a small number of laymen, priests and monks, whose number grew over the years. 1033: 240: 2022: 738: 3328: 2472: 2088:
By 1936, many parishes had left the Romanian Orthodox Church to become Old Calendarist, and more than forty new churches had been built for the use of Romanian Old Calendarist communities.
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After this, Matthew ordained a number of bishops himself, and formed a separate Holy Synod of which he was the head as archbishop of Athens. Matthew died in 1950.
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Before they were joined by bishops, the Old Calendarist movement in Greece was only composed of priests and laypeople, of which "several hundreds monks from
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Abbot Pambo, were killed and Glicherie Tănase was repeatedly imprisoned." Those persecutions went on "until the collapse of the regime at the end of the
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In 1999, it was estimated that "here are probably over one million Old Calendarists in Romania, somewhat fewer in Greece, and considerably fewer in
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tradition in the face of massive apostasy." This trend is to be found for example in the Old Calendarist churches of the Matthewite succession.
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The Cyprianite Old Calendarist Church severed its communion with the ROCOR in 2005, because they considered the ROCOR was going to enter into a
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in Greece, supporting the Old Calendarists, did not manage to consecrate Tanase a bishop due to interventions of the Greek State.
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Parry, Ken; Melling, David J.; Brady, Dimitri; Griffith, Sidney H.; Healey, John F., eds. (2017-09-01) . "True Orthodox church".
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and the Cyprianite Old Calendarist Church established full communion between those two churches, as well as between Romanian and
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archbishop. Akakios consecrated other bishops with the participation of another different ROCOR bishop. Akakios was succeeded by
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Parry, Ken; Melling, David J.; Brady, Dimitri; Griffith, Sidney H.; Healey, John F., eds. (2017-09-01). "True Orthodox church".
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Chrysostomos; Akakios (November 1, 1991). "The old calendarists: A social psychological profile of a Greek Orthodox minority".
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Chrysostomos; Akakios (November 1, 1991). "The old calendarists: A social psychological profile of a Greek Orthodox minority".
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Parry, Ken; Melling, David J.; Brady, Dimitri; Griffith, Sidney H.; Healey, John F., eds. (2017-09-01) . "Old Calendarists".
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The first position "expresses resistance to what it sees as unlawful innovation and walls itself off from churches using the
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portraying God the Father as "the Ancient of Days": some Old Calendarists reject the icon, others reject the rejecters as
1856: 1448: 1376: 439: 3329:"Report to the Episcopal Conference Concerning Accusations of ROCOR Interference in the Affairs of the Church of Greece" 1618: 1191: 1013: 429: 389: 95: 3426: 1716: 1568: 859: 1933:
In 1935, three bishops of the Church of Greece joined the movement and consecrated four new bishops for the movement.
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Kurian, George Thomas; Lamport, Mark A., eds. (2016). "Church of the Genuine Orthodox Christians of America".
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There exists two trends within Old Calendarism. The first one is "resistance Old Calendarism", the second is "
2239:
adopted the Revised Julian calendar in 2023. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church commonly referred to by the exonym
2593:"Refworld | U.S. Department of State Annual Report on International Religious Freedom for 2005 - Greece" 2017: 1880:
and some other Eastern Orthodox churches have continued to use the Julian calendar liturgically to this day.
84: 2340: 1995: 1918: 1877: 1860: 1810: 1791: 1782: 1727: 1341: 1106: 888: 844: 834: 631: 500: 495: 232: 211: 2344: 1608: 773: 530: 3150: 2727:
Parry, Ken; Melling, David J.; Brady, Dimitri; Griffith, Sidney H.; Healey, John F., eds. (2017-09-01) .
2133: 2028: 3354: 2360: 2196: 2043: 2003: 1963: 1818: 1705: 1543: 1301: 332: 2770: 2294: 1906: 1023: 2100: 2071: 2151: 1553: 1518: 903: 451: 357: 328: 3155:] Attitude Towards the Union of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad with the Moscow Patriarchate" 1990:
The Greek Old Calendarists experienced schism in 1937, due to a disagreement on the validity of the
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The Struggle Against Ecumenism: The History of the True Orthodox Church of Greece from 1924 to 1994
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In 1999, it was noted that "a more recent cause of division, especially among Matthewites, is the
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The Romanian Old Calendarist movement remained united, unlike the Greek Old Calendarist movement.
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what is designated by the expression "Old Calendarist", because they remain in communion with the
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After Chrysostomos' death in 1955, his group had no bishop until 1960, when two bishops of the
1962:
While the Greek Old Calendarists were "riginally perhaps a million strong", they were severely
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Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:
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with any mainstream Eastern Orthodox churches. "Old Calendarists" is another name for the
1731: 1573: 1528: 783: 658: 611: 3171: 2105: 1863:. This new calendar was different to the Julian calendar, and would not diverge from the 3094: 2333: 2252: 1998:. After Chrysostomos, head of the Holy Synod, refused to declare the sacraments of the 1893: 1738: 1696: 1664: 1598: 1356: 1321: 1243: 993: 956: 778: 32: 3122: 2274:
Old Calendarist churches. Those four churches were therefore "in a single communion".
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period, the Romania Old Calendarist Church "has flourished, establishing a vigorous
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adopted the revised calendar; at this moment the Old Calendarist movement began in
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for a further 800 years. The Revised Julian calendar replaced the tabular date of
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Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of North and South America and the British Isles
17: 2391: 2356: 1991: 1956: 1794:, for instance, is not Old Calendarist, but follows the old (Julian) calendar. 1467: 1346: 1326: 1180: 3001: 2884: 2807: 2728: 2620: 2461:
Church of the Genuine Orthodox Christians of Greece of the Patristic Calendar
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The Ecclesiological Position of the Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Bulgaria
2348: 2284: 2170: 2082: 1898: 1396: 1391: 1381: 1371: 1296: 1204: 1116: 998: 367: 304: 291: 3255:. Moscow: Изд-во Крутицкого подворья. Общество любителей церковной истории. 3011: 2817: 2738: 2630: 65: 2375: 2321: 2313: 2211: 2191:
adopted the revised Julian calendar in 1968. The Protection Convent near
1902: 1786: 1750: 1406: 1401: 1256: 1186: 1174: 1163: 602: 2763:"Independent Orthodox Churches or the Other Orthodox Family of Churches" 3409: 2569: 2290: 2063: 1951: 1746: 1271: 1121: 174: 2410:
Church of the Genuine Orthodox Christians of Greece (Kallinikos Synod)
3204:
The Old Calendarists and the Rise of Religious Conservatism in Greece
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Ware, Kallistos (2002). "Old Calendarists". In Clogg, Richard (ed.).
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Church of the Genuine Orthodox Christians of Greece (Gregorian Synod)
2317: 2155: 1971: 1967: 1868: 1758: 1754: 1558: 1151: 434: 419: 156: 2406:
Greek Old Calendarists, composed of numerous churches of which are:
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Church of the Genuine Orthodox Christians of Greece (Kirykos Synod)
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Church of the Genuine Orthodox Christians of Greece (Matthew Synod)
3039:"Mitropolitul Glicherie Tanase va fi canonizat saptamina viitoare" 2267: 2192: 2099:
In 1955, one bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan
2067: 2006:, bishop Matthew led the group which seceded from the Holy Synod. 1981: 1892: 1266: 1169: 3225:
A Short History of the True Orthodox Church of Greece (1970-2000)
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Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:
471:
Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:
3207:. Etna, California: Center for Traditionalist Orthodox Studies. 2704:"Περισσότερες από 500 επιθέσεις σε θρησκευτικούς χώρους το 2017" 2383: 1719:
who separated from mainstream Eastern Orthodox churches because
1131: 310: 3369:(1 (102)). Platina, CA: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood: 5–15. 1986:
Timeline of the main Greek Old Calendarist churches until 2021.
3252:Старостильный раскол в истории Православной Церкви (1924—2008) 2081:, became the head of the Old Calendarist movement in Romania. 41: 2733:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 498–9, 355. 2195:
became a center of the resistance to this adoption. In 1993,
2162:, the Romanian Old Calendarist movement "has grown notably." 1897:
Apparition of the Holy Cross over the Greek Old Calendarist
35:. For the Assyrian church which keeps its old calendar, see 2473:
Autonomous Orthodox Metropolis of Ecuador and Latin America
3293:. Vol. 5. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 575–6. 3006:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 353–6. 2812:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 498–9. 1994:
performed by members of churches which have adopted the
69: 2942:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 1–2, 10–12. 552:
Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches
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Publications by Old Calendarist clergy on the subject
2844:(2002). "Old Calendarists". In Clogg, Richard (ed.). 2676:(2002). "Old Calendarists". In Clogg, Richard (ed.). 2625:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 499. 1769:
Mainstream Eastern Orthodox Christians which use the
3241:. Требиње – Врњци: Братство Св. Симеона Мироточивог. 2490:
Orthodox Church of Greece (Holy Synod in Resistance)
2241:
Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate
2266:In 1994, an act establishing communion between the 1779:
Eastern Orthodox churches that use the new calendar
1710: 201: 183: 165: 147: 142: 2551: 2549: 2042:, whose adjective derives from its leader, bishop 3291:Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States 3272:Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition 2939:Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society 2910:Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition 2847:Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society 2679:Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society 2660:, p. 44. Brookline, MA: Holy Cross Orthodox Press 1730:while Old Calendarists remained committed to the 3003:The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity 2809:The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity 2730:The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity 2622:The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity 2591:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 161:250 000–2 million (1991); 500 000–800 000 (2005) 2682:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 2–4. 2243:did not switch to the Revised Julian calendar. 2173:by the Romania Old Calendarist Church in 1999. 27:Group of traditionalist Eastern Orthodox bodies 3314:The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey 2478:True Orthodox Metropolis of Germany and Europe 1970:; Metropolitan Chrysostomos was imprisoned in 2658:Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Churches 2145:a Holy Synod of the Romanian Old Calendarists 2121:, consecrated other Old Calendarist bishops: 1641: 8: 2850:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 9. 137: 74:introducing citations to additional sources 3151:"The Holy Synod in Resistance and Her [ 2206:of Triadista was consecrated bishop by the 3239:Заблуде расколника тзв. "старокалендараца" 1648: 1634: 219: 3359:"The True Orthodox Christians of Romania" 2040:'Cyprianite' Greek Old Calendarist Church 2014:Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2224:Reform of the church calendar in Ukraine 64:Relevant discussion may be found on the 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2545: 2508:Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Romania 2343:and compromised by what is seen as the 1974:in 1951 as part of those persecutions. 257: 231: 179:1 million (1991); over 1 million (1999) 2767:Orthodoxy Cognate PAGE - Media Network 2656:adherents, from Krindatch, A. (2011). 2503:Old Calendar Bulgarian Orthodox Church 2351:. It refuses, however, to condemn the 2183:Old Calendar Bulgarian Orthodox Church 1853:Pan-Orthodox Council of Constantinople 136: 3379:Holy Orthodox Church in North America 3033: 3031: 2931: 2929: 2873:"Merry (Russian Orthodox) Christmas!" 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2485:Holy Orthodox Church in North America 7: 3460:Eastern Orthodox belief and doctrine 3310:"The Old Calendar Orthodox Churches" 2668: 2666: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2520:Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar 2117:Metropolitan Galaction, while under 1835:difference between the two calendars 1604:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs 1214:Differences from the Catholic Church 1080:History of Eastern Orthodox theology 143:Regions with significant populations 2214:of the Bulgarian Old Calendarists. 926:Other possible ecumenical councils: 689:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania 2279:union with the Moscow Patriarchate 1837:is 13 days between 1900 and 2100. 25: 2370:The second position "rejects all 2359:of New Calendarists as devoid of 2257:Cyprianite Old Calendarist Church 2208:Cyprianite Old Calendarist Church 1785:). Old Calendarists have severed 796:American Orthodox Catholic Church 3095:"OCU switches to a new calendar" 2525:Independent sacramental movement 2402:Old Calendarist groups include: 1715:), are traditionalist groups of 699:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg 239: 185: 167: 149: 57:relies largely or entirely on a 46: 3436:, by Bishop Photii of Triaditsa 3274:. Routledge. pp. 1169–70. 2261:Romanian Old Calendarist Church 2143:, and Glycerius Tănase. Later, 1871:of the Julian calendar with an 1019:Christianization of Kievan Rus' 880:First Seven Ecumenical Councils 3047:. 20 June 1999. Archived from 2871:Anderson, L. V. (2013-01-07). 2158:and monastic life." Since the 1901:of St. John the Theologian in 1712:Gnisioi Orthodoxoi Christianoi 1: 3266:Speake, Graham (2021-01-31). 3260:Бочков П. В., свящ. 2904:Speake, Graham (2021-01-31). 1857:Meletius IV of Constantinople 1449:Intercession of the Theotokos 1224:Opposition to papal supremacy 1043:Moscow–Constantinople schism 744:Switzerland and Liechtenstein 2769:. 2010-10-23. Archived from 2281:, and had "jettisoned" its " 2147:was "formally established". 1737:Old Calendarists are not in 1701:Γνήσιοι Ορθόδοξοι Χριστιανοί 1014:Christianization of Bulgaria 3103:(in Ukrainian). 24 May 2023 2912:. Routledge. p. 1170. 2044:Cyprian of Oropos and Phyli 1909:in a newspaper at the time. 1717:Eastern Orthodox Christians 1711: 1685:Genuine Orthodox Christians 1569:Photios I of Constantinople 1086:20th century (Neo-Palamism) 1009:Christianization of Georgia 3481: 3420:– via Springer Link. 3355:Cyprian of Oropos and Fili 2580:– via Springer Link. 2496:Indonesian Orthodox Church 2251:In 1977, a declaration of 2237:Orthodox Church of Ukraine 2221: 2180: 1844: 1219:Opposition to the Filioque 762:Noncanonical jurisdictions 37:Ancient Church of the East 29: 2189:Bulgarian Orthodox Church 1941:Chrysostomos (Kavourides) 1700: 1456:The four fasting periods: 1337:Eastern Orthodox marriage 945:Other important councils: 801:American World Patriarchs 719:Great Britain and Ireland 206: 3176:www.interfax-religion.ru 2060:Romanian Orthodox Church 1936:Of those three bishops, 1689:True Orthodox Christians 1499:Athanasius of Alexandria 749:United States of America 541:Czech Lands and Slovakia 363:Four Marks of the Church 3222:Moss, Vladimir (2001). 2374:churches, all those in 1919:Revised Julian calendar 1878:Russian Orthodox Church 1861:Revised Julian calendar 1811:Eastern Orthodox Church 1792:Russian Orthodox Church 1783:Revised Julian calendar 1728:revised Julian calendar 1332:Eastern Orthodox bowing 233:Eastern Orthodox Church 2367:of Cyprianite stance. 1987: 1910: 1855:, called by Patriarch 1609:Eastern Orthodox cross 774:Spiritual Christianity 3450:Christian terminology 3012:10.1002/9781405166584 2818:10.1002/9781405166584 2739:10.1002/9781405166584 2631:10.1002/9781405166584 2222:Further information: 1985: 1896: 1819:Roman Catholic Church 1813:universally used the 1771:old (Julian) calendar 1619:Statistics by country 1544:Maximus the Confessor 972:Constantinople (1872) 197:at least 2,000 (2011) 2016:(ROCOR) consecrated 1554:Theodore the Studite 1519:Gregory of Nazianzus 1377:Russian bell ringing 1302:Liturgical entrances 1112:Essence vs. Energies 1107:Contemplative prayer 860:Evangelical Orthodox 682:Episcopal assemblies 405:Ecumenical Patriarch 358:Apostolic succession 70:improve this article 3398:Pastoral Psychology 2558:Pastoral Psychology 2415:Holy Synod of Milan 2134:Methodius Marinache 1564:Cyril and Methodius 1534:Cyril of Alexandria 1421:Liturgical calendar 1237:Liturgy and worship 873:Ecumenical councils 276:History of theology 139: 3432:2013-10-05 at the 3410:10.1007/BF01040490 3323:– via CNEWA. 3308:Roberson, Ronald. 3268:"Old Calendarists" 3131:. 26 December 2022 2906:"Old Calendarists" 2570:10.1007/BF01040490 2336:Old Calendarism". 2197:Photius Siromakhov 2058:Also in 1924, the 1988: 1911: 1907:Artist's rendition 1865:Gregorian calendar 1831:Gregorian calendar 1721:some of the latter 1681:palaioeortologitai 1673:palaioimerologites 1669:palaioimerologitai 1514:Cyril of Jerusalem 1444:Feast of Orthodoxy 739:Spain and Portugal 247:Christ Pantocrator 85:"Old Calendarists" 3388:978-0-943405-09-4 3363:The Orthodox Word 3300:978-1-4422-4432-0 3281:978-1-135-94206-9 3214:978-0-911165-33-3 3199:Kitsikis, Dimitri 3100:Istorychna Pravda 3044:Evenimentul Zilei 3021:978-1-4051-6658-4 2949:978-1-85065-705-7 2919:978-1-135-94206-9 2857:978-1-85065-705-7 2827:978-1-4051-6658-4 2748:978-1-4051-6658-4 2689:978-1-85065-705-7 2640:978-1-4051-6658-4 2160:fall of Ceaușescu 1996:reformed calendar 1851:In May 1923, the 1829:resulting in the 1823:Pope Gregory XIII 1709: 1675:), also known as 1658: 1657: 1509:Basil of Caesarea 1504:Ephrem the Syrian 1387:Sign of the cross 1362:Paschal troparion 1142:Mystical theology 952:Quinisext Council 653:Semi-Autonomous: 298:View of salvation 218: 217: 212:Eastern Orthodoxy 135: 134: 120: 16:(Redirected from 3472: 3421: 3392: 3370: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3324: 3322: 3321: 3304: 3285: 3256: 3242: 3229: 3218: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3128:Interfax-Ukraine 3119: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3081: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3056: 3035: 3026: 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3439: 3434:Wayback Machine 3395: 3389: 3373: 3353: 3338: 3336: 3327: 3319: 3317: 3307: 3301: 3288: 3282: 3265: 3245: 3232: 3221: 3215: 3197: 3194: 3192:Further reading 3189: 3180: 3178: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3157: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3134: 3132: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3106: 3104: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3079: 3077: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3054: 3052: 3037: 3036: 3029: 3022: 2999: 2998: 2957: 2950: 2935: 2934: 2927: 2920: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2889: 2887: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2858: 2842:Ware, Kallistos 2840: 2839: 2835: 2828: 2805: 2804: 2785: 2776: 2774: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2749: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2712: 2710: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2690: 2674:Ware, Kallistos 2672: 2671: 2664: 2652: 2648: 2641: 2618: 2617: 2604: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2555: 2554: 2547: 2543: 2516: 2463: 2451: 2439: 2427: 2400: 2372:New Calendarist 2330: 2310: 2297: 2249: 2233: 2226: 2220: 2199: 2185: 2179: 2136: 2125: 2103: 2074: 2056: 2031: 2020: 1980: 1968:State of Greece 1943: 1891: 1886: 1849: 1843: 1827:calendar reform 1815:Julian calendar 1807: 1802: 1767: 1732:Julian calendar 1654: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1588: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1574:Gregory Palamas 1529:John Chrysostom 1493: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1453: 1433:12 Great Feasts 1423: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1307:Liturgical fans 1249:Divine Services 1239: 1229: 1228: 1210: 1075: 1065: 1064: 1063: 988: 978: 977: 976: 942: 923: 875: 865: 864: 856: 805: 784:Catacomb Church 763: 755: 754: 753: 724:Italy and Malta 683: 675: 674: 673: 651: 642:Bessarabia (RP) 606: 595: 594: 593: 591: 589: 566: 550: 546:North Macedonia 469: 458: 457: 456: 384: 374: 373: 372: 341: 338: 323: 315: 253: 186: 184: 168: 166: 150: 148: 131: 125: 122: 79: 77: 63: 51: 40: 28: 23: 22: 18:Old Calendarist 15: 12: 11: 5: 3478: 3476: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3423: 3422: 3393: 3387: 3377:. Boston, MA: 3371: 3345: 3344: 3325: 3316:(7th ed.) 3305: 3299: 3286: 3280: 3263: 3257: 3247:Слесарев А. В. 3243: 3230: 3219: 3213: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3187: 3163: 3142: 3114: 3086: 3076:. 29 June 1999 3074:Ziarul de Iași 3061: 3027: 3020: 2955: 2948: 2925: 2918: 2896: 2863: 2856: 2833: 2826: 2783: 2754: 2747: 2719: 2695: 2688: 2662: 2646: 2639: 2602: 2583: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2515: 2512: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2499: 2498: 2493: 2487: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2475: 2458: 2446: 2434: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2399: 2396: 2329: 2326: 2309: 2306: 2253:intercommunion 2248: 2247:Intercommunion 2245: 2219: 2216: 2178: 2175: 2055: 2052: 1979: 1976: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1859:, adopted the 1842: 1839: 1825:, conducted a 1817:, whereas the 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1766: 1763: 1656: 1655: 1653: 1652: 1645: 1638: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1622: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1475: 1473:Apostles' Fast 1470: 1465: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1430: 1424: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1410: 1409: 1407:Use of incense 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1357:Paschal Homily 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1322:Memory Eternal 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1244:Divine Liturgy 1240: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1209: 1208: 1201: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1076: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1041: 1036: 1034:Ottoman Empire 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 994:Church Fathers 990: 989: 984: 983: 980: 979: 975: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 948: 947: 946: 941: 940: 935: 929: 928: 927: 922: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 885: 884: 883: 876: 871: 870: 867: 866: 863: 862: 855: 854: 853: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 814: 813: 812: 804: 803: 798: 793: 792: 791: 786: 779:True Orthodoxy 776: 771: 765: 764: 761: 760: 757: 756: 752: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 685: 684: 681: 680: 677: 676: 672: 671: 666: 661: 655: 650: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 608: 607: 601: 600: 597: 596: 588: 587: 581: 577: 576: 570: 565: 564: 558: 549: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 476:Constantinople 472: 470: 464: 463: 460: 459: 455: 454: 449: 448: 447: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 386: 385: 380: 379: 376: 375: 371: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 344: 343: 342: 327: 324: 321: 320: 317: 316: 314: 313: 308: 301: 294: 292:Holy Mysteries 289: 287:Church history 284: 279: 269: 263: 260: 259: 255: 254: 244: 236: 235: 229: 228: 216: 215: 204: 203: 199: 198: 195: 181: 180: 177: 163: 162: 159: 145: 144: 133: 132: 68:. Please help 54: 52: 45: 33:True Orthodoxy 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3477: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3349: 3334: 3333:ROCOR Studies 3330: 3326: 3315: 3311: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3226: 3220: 3216: 3210: 3206: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3156: 3154: 3146: 3143: 3130: 3129: 3124: 3118: 3115: 3102: 3101: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3051:on 2013-07-05 3050: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3004: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2945: 2941: 2940: 2932: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2900: 2897: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2867: 2864: 2859: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2843: 2837: 2834: 2829: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2810: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2773:on 2021-09-06 2772: 2768: 2764: 2758: 2755: 2750: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2731: 2723: 2720: 2709: 2705: 2699: 2696: 2691: 2685: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2647: 2642: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2587: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2536: 2535:Old Believers 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2467: 2462: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2366: 2365:True Orthodox 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2335: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2286: 2280: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2230: 2225: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2203: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2140: 2135: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2095: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2078: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2035: 2030: 2024: 2019: 2015: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1984: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1953: 1947: 1942: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1929: 1924: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1913:In 1924, the 1908: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1848: 1841:1923 Congress 1840: 1838: 1836: 1833:in 1582. The 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1804: 1799: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1743:True Orthodox 1740: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1707: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1628: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1584: 1583: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1539:John Climacus 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1492:Major figures 1489: 1488: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1463:Nativity Fast 1461: 1460: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1437:Other feasts: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1428:Paschal cycle 1426: 1425: 1422: 1417: 1416: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1233: 1232: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1182: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1087: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1069: 1068: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1039:North America 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 991: 987: 982: 981: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 949: 944: 943: 939: 936: 934: 931: 930: 925: 924: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 886: 881: 878: 877: 874: 869: 868: 861: 858: 857: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 817: 816: 815: 810: 807: 806: 802: 799: 797: 794: 790: 787: 785: 782: 781: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 769:Old Believers 767: 766: 759: 758: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 729:Latin America 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 686: 679: 678: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 656: 654: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 637:Americas (RP) 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 609: 605:jurisdictions 604: 599: 598: 592: 586: 585:Ukraine (UOC) 583: 582: 580: 575: 574:Ukraine (OCU) 572: 571: 569: 563: 560: 559: 557: 555: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 473: 468:jurisdictions 467: 466:Autocephalous 462: 461: 453: 450: 446: 443: 442: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 387: 383: 378: 377: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 345: 340: 334: 330: 326: 325: 319: 318: 312: 311:View of icons 309: 307: 306: 302: 300: 299: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 277: 273: 270: 268: 265: 264: 262: 261: 256: 252: 248: 242: 238: 237: 234: 230: 226: 222: 221: 213: 209: 205: 200: 196: 194: 182: 178: 176: 164: 160: 158: 146: 141: 129: 126:November 2021 118: 115: 111: 108: 104: 101: 97: 94: 90: 87: –  86: 82: 81:Find sources: 75: 71: 67: 61: 60: 59:single source 55:This article 53: 49: 44: 43: 38: 34: 19: 3404:(2): 83–91. 3401: 3397: 3374: 3366: 3362: 3347: 3346: 3337:. 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