201:
52:
248:
1442:
Many nouns and verbs in its most basic form ("root") ended in consonants. However, the language did not allow lexemes to end in consonants. Therefore this form was never used alone by itself in speech but existed only hypothetically. It was, however, used accompanied by suffixes. For dictionaries and
361:
After the expulsion of the
Jesuits, the residents of the reductions emigrated gradually towards territories of current Paraguay, Corrientes, Uruguay, Entre Ríos and those to the North of Río Salado. These migratory moves caused a one-sided change in the language, making it stray far from the original
365:
Classical
Guarani kept away from Hispanicisms, favoring the use of the language's agglutinative nature to coin new terms. This process would often lead to the Jesuits using more complex and synthetic terms to transmit Western concepts. Criollo Guarani, on the other hand, has been characterized by a
1489:
Tȗpȃ́ eté Aba eté abé eicóbo, amboaçĭ chepĭ á guibé, ndebe cheangaipá haguêra nde Tȗpȃ́ etérȃmȏ nderecó rehé, che nde raĭhú rehé mbaepȃbȇ́ açoçé abé. Tapoí coĭterȏ́ che angaipábaguî, tañêmombeû Paí vpé, nde ñỹrȏ́ angá chébe, nde remȋ́mborará rehé, ndereȏ́ rehé abé. Amen
349:
Criollo
Guarani has its roots in the Classical Guarani as spoken outside Jesuit missions, once the Society of Jesus was suppressed. Modern scholars have shown that Guarani has always been the main language of the Jesuit Guarani missions and, later on, to the whole
1331:
Early scholars failed to represent the glottal stop. This is due to the prevailing view at the time among scholars (which lasted until the sixties) that the glottal stop in
Guarani was a suprasegmental phenomenon (hiatus, stress, syllable, etc.).
385:
Because of the emigration from the reductions, Classical and
Criollo got to come to a wide contact with each other. Most speakers abandoned the Classical variant, more complicated and with more rules, in favor of the more practical Criollo.
340:
Despite its extinction, its bibliographical production and that of written documents was rich and is still mostly conserved. Therefore, it is considered an important literary branch in the history of
Guarani.
333:). The Jesuits studied the language for around 160 years, assigning it a writing system and consolidating several dialects into one unified language. Classical Guarani went extinct gradually after their
1548:
1844:
1163:
681:
1544:
366:
free influx, unregulated with regards to
Hispanicisms which were often incorporated with a minimal phonological adaptation. Thus, the word for
1707:
1672:
355:
1559:
1509:
657:
318:
106:
92:
999:
600:
334:
1315:
unless a circumflex accent is added to form a diphthong in which case the syllable is always stressed unless specified otherwise (e.g.
663:
1777:
1809:
1443:
other books with the purpose of studying the language, this form was written with the last consonant between two full stops (e.g.
1005:
606:
1640:
1019:
797:
260:
1340:
Classical
Guarani only had four numbers on its own. Bigger numbers were introduced later on in the rest of Guarani languages.
978:
633:
1067:
743:
1129:
1012:
985:
811:
593:
1053:
1046:
736:
619:
136:
1839:
1190:
1170:
1143:
964:
804:
472:
465:
1721:
1040:
613:
421:
1615:"Tras los Expulsos. Cambios demográficos y territoriales en el Paraguay después de la expulsión de los jesuitas"
1177:
1033:
750:
644:
270:
1478:
1156:
991:
487:
351:
1115:
1102:
1095:
1081:
569:
556:
530:
517:
478:
1454:
The language had no gender and no number as well. If an emphasis was to be made, they used words such as
1088:
1074:
543:
536:
523:
1578:"Los guaraníes después de la expulsión de los jesuitas: dinámicas políticas y transacciones simbólicas"
1122:
549:
458:
304:
146:
1769:
1108:
562:
416:
1520:
1815:
1805:
1761:
1713:
1703:
1678:
1668:
1632:
1595:
1466:
431:
141:
102:
1751:
1622:
1585:
510:
411:
314:
310:
176:
131:
51:
1743:
426:
123:
1756:
854:
673:
452:
206:
169:
238:
1833:
1773:
1150:
713:
575:
494:
444:
1614:
1312:
650:
501:
180:
1744:"Gestión glotopolítica del Paraguay: ¿Primero normativizar, después normalizar?"
1197:
1184:
1136:
1060:
1026:
971:
839:
832:
825:
778:
771:
764:
725:
708:
627:
786:
718:
1819:
1765:
1717:
1682:
1636:
1627:
1599:
1590:
1577:
1474:
585:
367:
326:
231:
219:
78:
17:
322:
278:
266:
74:
63:
1667:. Buenos Aires: Centro de Estudios Paraguayos "Antonio Guasch" (CEPAG).
247:
1302:
400:
274:
1799:
1697:
1662:
330:
82:
1486:
1267:, in which case it always forms a diphthong or triphthong (e.g.
1702:. Centro de Estudios Paraguayos "Antonio Guasch" (CEPAG).
277:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1308:
Syllables with circumflex accents are always stressed.
229:
217:
212:
192:
187:
166:
120:
112:
98:
88:
70:
58:
32:
1311:Two vowels next to each other are separated by a
1206:Some of the orthographical rules are as follows:
857:assigned to each phoneme by Jesuit missionaries.
1483:
1434:'human hands and also human feet' for twenty.
252:Map of the Jesuit reductions among the Guarani
8:
317:. It was spoken in the region of the thirty
303:
1582:Revista Complutense de Historia de América
1485:Hae oȃngaipapaguê mboaçĭpa nateí. Cheyara
246:
50:
29:
1755:
1626:
1589:
1458:(many) or specified the cardinal number.
853:Classical Guarani using letters from the
859:
702:
405:
27:Extinct Guarani variant of South America
1801:Arte y vocabulario de la lengua guaraní
1500:
271:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
362:dialect that the Jesuits had studied.
1237:is used only before the vowels where
408:
403:of Classical Guarani are as follows:
62:
7:
1757:10.11606/issn.2317-9651.i20p232-269
1845:Extinct languages of South America
356:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
25:
1798:Ruiz de Montoya, Antonio (1640).
1696:Ruiz de Montoya, Antonio (1639).
1661:Ruiz de Montoya, Antonio (1640).
1196:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
998:
990:
984:
977:
970:
963:
838:
831:
824:
810:
803:
796:
777:
770:
763:
749:
742:
735:
680:
662:
656:
649:
643:
632:
618:
612:
605:
599:
592:
574:
568:
561:
555:
548:
542:
535:
529:
522:
516:
500:
493:
486:
477:
471:
464:
374:whereas in Criollo Guarani it is
319:Jesuit missions among the Guarani
93:Jesuit missions among the Guaraní
1549:"La lengua guaraní del Paraguay"
1241:would otherwise be read as /k/ (
199:
1780:from the original on 2022-10-25
1724:from the original on 2023-04-23
1643:from the original on 2022-10-20
1613:Telesca, Ignacio (2009-10-22).
345:Shift from Classical to Criollo
309:'the people's language') is an
38:Missionary Guarani, Old Guarani
1664:Catecismo de la lengua guaraní
1471:Catecismo de la lengua guaraní
1423:'two human hands' for ten and
370:in Classical Guarani would be
116:16th century – 18th century AD
1:
1508:Fernández, Manuel F. (2002).
1479:Friar Antonio Ruiz de Montoya
1750:(in Spanish) (20): 232–269.
1510:"Breve historia del guaraní"
1351:moñepeteȋ́, moñepê, moñepeȋ́
1742:Penner, Hedy (2020-12-23).
1699:Tesoro de la lengua guaraní
1556:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1545:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1419:'one human hand' for five,
1225:. It is read as /s/ before
1861:
1619:Nuevo Mundo, Mundos Nuevos
1576:Wilde, Guillermo (2001).
1427:'hands and also feet' or
785:
724:
705:
672:
626:
611:
584:
451:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
257:
245:
194:Official language in
49:
42:
37:
1628:10.4000/nuevomundo.57310
321:(current territories of
352:Governorate of Paraguay
207:Governorate of Paraguay
1591:10.5209/rcha/crossmark
1492:
1255:is read as /k/ before
1213:is read as /k/ before
354:which belonged to the
259:This article contains
1804:. Cultura Hispánica.
1451:is the nominative).
1411:Sometimes they used
1293:Syllables ending in
1290:are always stressed.
1263:and as /kʷ/ before
861:
107:Jesuit missionaries
64:[ʔaʋaɲẽˈʔẽ]
860:
292:Missionary Guarani
1840:Guarani languages
1709:978-99953-49-09-7
1674:978-99953-49-11-0
1467:Act of Contrition
1409:
1408:
1399:mbo mȏcȏî ya catú
1327:is read as /kʷe/)
1204:
1203:
995:(before a, o, u)
846:
845:
696:
695:
308:
288:Classical Guarani
285:
284:
267:rendering support
263:phonetic symbols.
152:Classical Guarani
33:Classical Guarani
16:(Redirected from
1852:
1824:
1823:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1759:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1630:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1593:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1558:. Archived from
1553:
1547:(October 2012).
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1519:. Archived from
1514:
1505:
1413:yrundĭ hae nirȗî
1343:
1342:
1200:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1002:
994:
988:
981:
974:
967:
862:
842:
835:
828:
821:
814:
807:
800:
793:
781:
774:
767:
760:
753:
746:
739:
732:
703:
684:
666:
660:
653:
647:
636:
622:
616:
609:
603:
596:
578:
572:
565:
559:
552:
546:
539:
533:
526:
520:
513:
504:
497:
490:
481:
475:
468:
461:
447:
440:
406:
315:Guarani language
307:
302:
290:, also known as
250:
241:
222:
205:
203:
202:
177:Guarani alphabet
172:
126:
66:
54:
30:
21:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1812:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1783:
1781:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1710:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1675:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1644:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1551:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1477:in Guarani, by
1464:
1440:
1338:
1282:Syllables with
851:
819:
791:
758:
730:
701:
509:
457:
443:
438:
422:Alveolo-palatal
397:
392:
347:
313:variant of the
265:Without proper
253:
237:
218:
200:
198:
195:
188:Official status
173:
168:
162:
127:
124:Language family
122:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1858:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1810:
1790:
1734:
1708:
1688:
1673:
1653:
1605:
1568:
1565:on 2014-07-25.
1536:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1463:
1460:
1439:
1436:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1319:is read as /ku
1309:
1306:
1291:
1280:
1250:
1245:/so/ to avoid
1202:
1201:
1194:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
996:
989:(before e, i)
982:
975:
968:
961:
957:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
855:Latin alphabet
850:
847:
844:
843:
836:
829:
822:
816:
815:
808:
801:
794:
789:
783:
782:
775:
768:
761:
755:
754:
747:
740:
733:
728:
722:
721:
716:
711:
706:
700:
697:
694:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
678:
676:
670:
669:
667:
654:
641:
639:
637:
630:
624:
623:
610:
597:
590:
588:
582:
581:
579:
566:
553:
540:
527:
514:
506:
505:
498:
491:
484:
482:
469:
462:
455:
449:
448:
441:
435:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
399:The consonant
396:
393:
391:
388:
378:(from Spanish
346:
343:
283:
282:
269:, you may see
255:
254:
251:
243:
242:
235:
227:
226:
223:
215:
214:
213:Language codes
210:
209:
196:
193:
190:
189:
185:
184:
174:
170:Writing system
167:
164:
163:
161:
160:
159:
158:
157:
156:
155:
154:
130:
128:
121:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
72:
71:Native to
68:
67:
60:
56:
55:
47:
46:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1857:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1811:84-7232-728-0
1807:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1791:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1735:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1657:
1654:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1526:on 2012-02-29
1522:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1501:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1447:is the root,
1446:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1001:
997:
993:
987:
983:
980:
976:
973:
969:
966:
962:
959:
958:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
863:
858:
856:
848:
841:
837:
834:
830:
827:
823:
818:
817:
813:
809:
806:
802:
799:
795:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:
769:
766:
762:
757:
756:
752:
748:
745:
741:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
704:
698:
692:
690:
688:
686:
683:
679:
677:
675:
671:
668:
665:
659:
655:
652:
646:
642:
640:
638:
635:
631:
629:
625:
621:
615:
608:
602:
598:
595:
591:
589:
587:
583:
580:
577:
571:
567:
564:
558:
554:
551:
545:
541:
538:
532:
528:
525:
519:
515:
512:
508:
507:
503:
499:
496:
492:
489:
485:
483:
480:
474:
470:
467:
463:
460:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
436:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
407:
404:
402:
394:
389:
387:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
363:
359:
357:
353:
344:
342:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
306:
301:
297:
293:
289:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
262:
256:
249:
244:
240:
236:
234:
233:
228:
224:
221:
216:
211:
208:
197:
191:
186:
182:
178:
175:
171:
165:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
129:
125:
119:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
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59:Pronunciation
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1800:
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1782:. Retrieved
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1618:
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1560:the original
1555:
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1528:. Retrieved
1521:the original
1516:
1503:
1487:Ieſu Chriſto
1484:
1473:, the first
1470:
1465:
1462:Example text
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1453:
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1417:ace pópeteȋ́
1416:
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1346:
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1316:
1313:glottal stop
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287:
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258:
230:
181:Latin script
151:
137:Tupi–Guarani
43:
1425:mbó mbĭ abé
1421:ace pómȏcȏî
1301:are always
849:Orthography
628:Approximant
335:suppression
296:Old Guarani
273:instead of
142:Guarani (I)
18:Old Guarani
1834:Categories
1784:2022-10-25
1728:2022-10-25
1647:2022-10-20
1530:2008-05-22
1495:References
1429:ace pó ace
1323:ʔe/ while
395:Consonants
1820:434440201
1774:234408992
1766:2317-9651
1718:801635986
1683:801635983
1637:1626-0252
1600:1132-8312
1475:catechism
865:Grapheme
586:Fricative
459:Voiceless
390:Phonology
372:Tȗpȃ́rára
368:communion
337:in 1767.
327:Argentina
232:Glottolog
220:ISO 639-3
99:Ethnicity
79:Argentina
1778:Archived
1722:Archived
1641:Archived
1303:oxytones
960:Phoneme
417:Alveolar
401:phonemes
380:comunión
323:Paraguay
300:abá ñeȇ́
279:Help:IPA
239:oldp1258
75:Paraguay
44:abá ñeȇ́
1748:Caracol
1517:Datamex
1438:Grammar
1375:mbohapĭ
1336:Numbers
1279:kʷaj/).
714:Central
432:Glottal
311:extinct
275:Unicode
147:Guaraní
103:Guaraní
1818:
1808:
1772:
1764:
1716:
1706:
1681:
1671:
1635:
1598:
1584:(27).
1490:Ieſus.
1432:pĭ abé
1387:yrundĭ
1381:three
1347:peteȋ́
1273:tequay
1271:/ke/,
1249:/ko/).
699:Vowels
511:Voiced
412:Labial
376:komuño
331:Brazil
204:
132:Tupian
89:Region
83:Brazil
1770:S2CID
1563:(PDF)
1552:(PDF)
1524:(PDF)
1513:(PDF)
1469:from
1445:tú.b.
1393:four
1363:mȏcȏî
820:nasal
759:nasal
726:Close
709:Front
439:plain
427:Velar
1816:OCLC
1806:ISBN
1762:ISSN
1714:OCLC
1704:ISBN
1679:OCLC
1669:ISBN
1633:ISSN
1596:ISSN
1456:hetá
1449:túba
1405:ten
1369:two
1357:one
1297:and
1286:and
1259:and
1229:and
1221:and
1193:, j
792:oral
787:Open
731:oral
719:Back
674:Flap
453:Stop
445:lab.
329:and
305:lit.
1752:doi
1623:doi
1586:doi
1415:or
1325:cuê
1317:cue
1275:/te
1269:que
937:qu
922:nt
919:ng
916:nd
910:mb
880:ch
570:ᵑɡʷ
382:).
294:or
261:IPA
113:Era
1836::
1814:.
1776:.
1768:.
1760:.
1746:.
1720:.
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1631:.
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1349:,
1253:qu
1247:co
1243:ço
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1217:,
1198:ɨ̃
1154:,
1151:kʷ
1116:ⁿt
1106:,
1103:ᵑɡ
1096:ⁿd
1082:ᵐb
1044:~
955:ỹ
952:y
949:ȗ
946:u
943:t
940:r
934:p
931:ȏ
928:o
925:ñ
913:n
907:m
904:ĭ
901:ȋ
898:i
895:h
892:g
889:ȇ
886:e
883:ç
877:c
874:b
871:ȃ
868:a
772:ɨ̃
664:w̃
661:~
651:ɰ̃
648:~
617:~
576:ŋʷ
557:ᵑɡ
544:ᵈj
531:ⁿd
518:ᵐb
495:kʷ
479:ⁿt
358:.
325:,
105:,
81:,
77:,
1822:.
1787:.
1754::
1731:.
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1650:.
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1588::
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1321:ˈ
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1299:ỹ
1295:ĭ
1288:ỹ
1284:ĭ
1277:ˈ
1265:a
1261:i
1257:e
1239:c
1235:ç
1231:i
1227:e
1223:u
1219:o
1215:a
1211:c
1191:ʝ
1185:ũ
1178:u
1171:t
1164:ɾ
1157:k
1144:p
1137:õ
1130:o
1123:ɲ
1109:ŋ
1089:n
1075:m
1068:ɨ
1061:ĩ
1054:i
1047:h
1041:x
1034:ɰ
1027:ẽ
1020:e
1013:s
1006:ʃ
1003:~
1000:ɕ
992:k
986:s
979:ʋ
972:ã
965:a
840:õ
833:ã
826:ẽ
812:o
805:a
798:e
779:ũ
765:ĩ
751:u
744:ɨ
737:i
682:ɾ
658:w
645:ɰ
634:ʋ
620:h
614:x
607:ʃ
604:~
601:ɕ
594:s
573:~
563:ŋ
560:~
550:ɲ
547:~
537:n
534:~
524:m
521:~
502:ʔ
488:k
476:~
473:t
466:p
298:(
281:.
225:–
183:)
179:(
20:)
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