138:, but over a concern for the nature of their communities. Community is important to members of Old Order Anabaptist groups, and a technology or practice is rejected if it would adversely affect it. This means that the prohibitions are not usually absolute; a member who would not own a car may accept a ride in a car or other modern transport if a pressing need arises. This basis also means that most Old Orders see no contradiction in having electricity in their milking barn, since that is necessary to comply with regulations on milk cooling, but not in their house.
35:
20:
145:. “Plain” to Old Orders is the opposite of showy, fancy or ostentatious, and is considered a virtue opposed to pridefulness, related to humility. It is based on the belief that a person's true worth is spiritual, and so does not lie in their clothes or appearance. The foundation of plain dress comes from the desire to obey the New Testament's instructions against outward adornment and fashionable, expensive clothing.
1713:
1358:
581:
296:. The Amish and Mennonite Old Orders have growth rates between 3 and 5 percent a year, in average about 3.7 percent. Old Order Schwarzenau and River Brethren groups in contrast have low growth rates and were even shrinking during the 20th century. All English speaking groups tend to grow much more slowly than their German speaking brothers.
691:
The distinctiveness of the Old Order
Anabaptists became emphasized in the late nineteenth century as Amish and Mennonite groups splintered over how to preserve religious values in an industrializing society (the Amish were originally a seventeenth-century splinter group from the
658:
Many of the original members of
Hutterites joined various Mennonite groups in the United States. The minority continued communal living and are described as Old Order, and those members fall into one of three tribes: Schmiedleut, Dariuslet, and Lehrerleut, with
231:
All Old Order Amish groups are horse and buggy groups, including the New Order Amish. Among the Old Order
Mennonites, there are both horse and buggy and car driving groups. The same is true for the Old Orders among the Schwarzenau Brethren. The
91:
The Old Order Amish and the Old Order
Mennonites are not premodern relics from a bygone era. The Old Order movement is a conscious attempt to maintain a style of Christian living based on principles different from those of the larger
272:, all horse and buggy groups, except the Virginia groups, speak Pennsylvania German. The car driving groups of Old Order Mennonites shifted to English in the second half of the 20th century. The groups from which the
83:
groups between 1845 and 1901. All Old Order
Anabaptist groups that emerged after 1901 divided from established Old Order Anabaptist groups or were formed by people coming from different Old Order Anabaptist groups.
96:
By the close of the 20th century, there were over a quarter of a million Old Order
Anabaptists in North America alone. Old Order Anabaptists enjoy a rich spiritual and community life, which has attracted
79:
are additionally regarded as being Old Order
Anabaptists, as they continued the practice of communal living. The Old Order movement led to several Old Order divisions from mainstream
119:
Old Order
Anabaptist groups do not have seminary trained pastors and never developed written sophisticated theology. Many practices among the Old Orders stem from the
240:
are a group of 3 congregations in Ohio who still use horses and buggies, and do not have electricity in their homes. The
Hutterite groups are entirely car-driving.
763:
276:
and Old Order River
Brethren split, had already started shifting to English in the 19th century and mostly completed it in the first half of the 20th century.
750:...by the end of the twentieth century, there are now more than a quarter million Old Order Anabaptists in North America, in 27 states and several provinces.
503:
406:
412:
1553:
454:
908:
874:
767:
743:
684:
651:
623:
418:
400:
630:
Self-sufficiency, smallness and homogeneity are central principles of the maintenance of Old Order Anabaptist communities (Hostetler, 1968).
1606:
311:(selection of affiliations; there are some 40 major affiliations, partly with subgroups, and more than 100 unaffiliated congregations)
1432:
1427:
368:
362:
1638:
491:
430:
237:
1138:
1393:
551:
460:
236:
are a car driving group, except a small subgroup of about half a dozen members, that still use horse and buggy transportation.
134:
The avoidance of technologies by Old Order Anabaptist communities is based not on a belief that the technology is in some way
1204:
563:
1756:
1751:
1121:
1179:
482:, emerged 1881, the largest Old Order group of the Schwarzenau Brethren and more liberal than the following three groups
253:
445:, emerged in 1963 through a long process that started in 1940s, concerning technology the most restricted of all groups
1633:
1422:
1199:
497:
479:
374:
1344:
1437:
1184:
1078:
466:
332:
124:
1579:
1066:
901:
557:
403:, largest horse and buggy group, emerged 1927 in Pennsylvania as a split from the Weaverland Mennonite Conference
488:, emerged 1913, a bit more conservative than the Old German Baptist Brethren but in many aspects similar to them
1061:
966:
594:
511:
451:, emerged in 1917, the most isolated from other Old Order groups, do not talk about their belief with outsiders
289:
233:
38:
1684:
1497:
1099:
1007:
448:
380:
56:
encompasses those groups which have preserved the old ways of Anabaptist Christian religion and lifestyle.
1601:
1596:
1154:
1116:
931:
800:
141:
Other aspects of Old Order Anabaptist life are concerned with plainness, which dictates their distinctive
27:
500:, emerged 1939, a horse and buggy group that uses horses also for field work, the most conservative group
1246:
1073:
442:
184:
1236:
421:, largest car driving group in Canada, emerged 1939 as a division from the Ontario Mennonite Conference
168:
463:, emerged in 1942 as a split from the Groffdale Conference, divided in very small endogamous subgroups
1746:
1669:
1442:
1104:
1051:
1046:
946:
894:
724:(editor): Amish Roots: A Treasury of History, Wisdom, and Lore, Baltimore and London, 1989, page 286.
474:
394:
320:
68:
1736:
1717:
1386:
1362:
1169:
1164:
1002:
936:
586:
436:
269:
128:
114:
98:
46:
23:
34:
1558:
1536:
1410:
1314:
1133:
546:
424:
308:
285:
273:
249:
317:, the most conservative of all Old Order groups, emerged in 1881 as a split from the Byler Amish
1591:
1563:
1471:
1319:
1159:
1012:
870:
739:
721:
680:
647:
619:
514:, emerged 1856, divided in three subgroups, mostly car driving, the only Old Orders among the
338:
102:
19:
616:
Stability and Change in an Old Order Mennonite Farming System in the Waterloo Region, Ontario
329:, two different groups, speak two different Alemannic dialects instead of Pennsylvania German
59:
Historically, an Old Order movement emerged in the second half of the 19th century among the
1241:
961:
956:
284:
There are about 350,000 Old Order Amish, 60,000 to 80,000 Old Order Mennonites, about 7,000
265:
257:
1699:
1689:
1659:
1299:
1294:
1034:
1024:
951:
386:
173:
155:
1741:
1502:
1379:
1339:
1214:
1174:
1110:
1083:
1056:
982:
764:"Who wants to join the Plain Mennonites and Amish? The real seekers of Anabaptist life"
515:
314:
72:
844:
1730:
1289:
1266:
1189:
189:
148:
158:
and Carl Bowman the following additional practices are common among the Old Orders:
1694:
1674:
1654:
1458:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1309:
1029:
992:
532:
485:
344:
677:
Serious Nonsense: Groundhog Lodges, Versammlinge, and Pennsylvania German Heritage
614:
Wandel, Johanna; Mage, Julius A.; Geography, University of Guelph Dept of (1998).
1611:
1507:
1463:
1453:
1256:
1231:
1208:
1041:
941:
789:
On the Backroad to Heaven: Old Order Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish, and Brethren
705:
On the Backroad to Heaven: Old Order Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish, and Brethren
356:
350:
326:
261:
216:
142:
1679:
1664:
1530:
1304:
1284:
997:
987:
917:
576:
538:
526:
521:
293:
80:
76:
42:
566:, emerged in 2004 when members of different Old Order groups formed a new one
554:, emerged in 1973 when members of different Old Order groups formed a new one
1712:
1616:
1357:
580:
162:
64:
409:, largest car driving group, emerged in 1893, allowed cars in the mid-1920s
1261:
1194:
506:, emerged 2009, a more liberal split from the Old German Baptist Brethren
494:, emerged 1921, a horse and buggy group that uses tractors for field work
831:
Plain Buggies: Amish, Mennonite, and Brethren Horse-drawn Transportation
1584:
1251:
1127:
220:
469:, emerged in 1952/53 as a split from the Virginia Old Order Mennonites
383:, emerged in the 1970s, in many aspects similar to the New Order Amish
219:
and all their forms of dress share the same roots in the Pennsylvania
1621:
560:, emerged in 1996 as a split from the Believers in Christ, Lobelville
457:, emerged in 1901, the latest Old Order split from a mainstream group
867:
Violence and Aggression: Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice
529:, the most traditional of the Hutterite groups that emerged in 1877
389:, emerged in the 1960s, the most liberal among the Amish Old Orders
151:
and loving one's enemies is a belief held by all Old Order groups.
1626:
1402:
1019:
818:
Concise Encyclopedia of Amish, Brethren, Hutterites and Mennonites
120:
60:
18:
323:, largest very conservative group, emerged between 1913 and 1917
178:
135:
87:
In 1989, Sandra L. Cronk wrote about the Old Order Anabaptists:
1375:
890:
439:, emerged in 1958, a merger of several very conservative groups
886:
644:
The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives
304:
The Old Order Anabaptists comprise the following groups:
1371:
736:
Through Fire and Water: An Overview of Mennonite History
415:, largest horse and buggy group in Canada, emerged 1889
347:, emerged in 1932 as a split from the Swartzentrubers
1647:
1572:
1546:
1409:
1275:
1224:
1147:
1092:
975:
924:
67:of South German and Swiss ancestry as well as the
618:. Department of Geography, University of Guelph.
541:, a branch of the Hutterites that emerged in 1860
252:speak a German dialect in everyday life, either
734:Nolt, Steven M.; Loewen, Harry (11 June 2010).
377:, largest Amish affiliation, relatively liberal
89:
335:, most spread out affiliation, emerged in 1914
1387:
902:
359:, a quite conservative group, emerged in 1863
8:
504:Old German Baptist Brethren, New Conference
1394:
1380:
1372:
909:
895:
887:
707:, Baltimore and London, 2001, pages 10-11.
433:, emerged in 1872, now a car driving group
341:, relatively conservative, emerged in 1952
718:A Network of Loving, Caring Relationships
427:, oldest Old Order group, emerged in 1845
33:
1554:List of U.S. states by Amish population
791:, Baltimore and London, 2001, page 201.
606:
455:Virginia Old Order Mennonite Conference
105:of Old Order Anabaptist denominations.
1052:Schwarzenau (German Baptist) Brethren
768:Association of Religion Data Archives
419:Markham-Waterloo Mennonite Conference
401:Groffdale Conference Mennonite Church
353:, a very early split, emerged in 1849
75:in the United States and Canada. The
7:
397:(groups with more than 300 members)
264:), or in the case of the Hutterites—
1607:List of Amish and their descendants
203:Separation by gender during worship
535:, Hutterite group emerging in 1859
365:, second largest Amish affiliation
197:Multiple ministers lead in worship
14:
1639:Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch
865:Sturmey, Peter (23 August 2022).
845:"The Hutterites & Technology"
787:Donald B. Kraybill, Carl Bowman:
703:Donald B. Kraybill, Carl Bowman:
675:Donner, William W. (8 May 2016).
492:Old Order German Baptist Brethren
431:Ohio-Indiana Mennonite Conference
371:, third largest Amish affiliation
238:Old Order German Baptist Brethren
206:Self-examination before communion
16:Branch of Anabaptist Christianity
1711:
1356:
869:. Springer Nature. p. 332.
762:Briggs, David (28 August 2013).
579:
215:All Old Order Anabaptist groups
1415:(by number of church districts)
552:Believers in Christ, Lobelville
461:Reidenbach Old Order Mennonites
407:Weaverland Mennonite Conference
1205:Separation of church and state
843:Maendel, Linda (19 May 2015).
564:Caneyville Christian Community
274:Old Order Schwarzenau Brethren
1:
1122:Dordrecht Confession of Faith
642:Joseph, Paul (15 June 2016).
820:, Baltimore, 2010, page 247.
498:Old Brethren German Baptists
413:Ontario Mennonite Conference
200:Ordination of leaders by lot
1634:Pennsylvania Dutch language
1200:Priesthood of all believers
1139:Anabaptist–Jewish relations
480:Old German Baptist Brethren
1773:
1185:Nonconformity to the world
1079:Apostolic Christian Church
805:Why Do They Dress That Way
467:John Dan Wenger Mennonites
125:nonconformity to the world
112:
1708:
1580:Amish religious practices
1494:Jamesport/Bloomfield (MO)
1353:
1067:Brethren in Christ Church
558:Vernon Community, Hestand
1345:Samuel Heinrich Fröhlich
1062:Old Order River Brethren
595:Conservative Anabaptists
512:Old Order River Brethren
290:Old Order River Brethren
234:Old Order River Brethren
131:and other Bible verses.
39:Old Order River Brethren
1718:Christianity portal
1685:Literature on the Amish
1363:Christianity portal
1008:Conservative Mennonites
833:, Intercourse, PA 1981.
807:, Intercourse, PA 1986.
449:David Martin Mennonites
381:Michigan Amish Churches
1602:Women in Amish society
1597:Health among the Amish
1155:Theology of Anabaptism
1117:Schleitheim Confession
932:Protestant Reformation
369:Elkhart-LaGrange Amish
363:Holmes Old Order Amish
250:Old Order Amish groups
94:
50:
31:
28:Oxford County, Ontario
26:horse and carriage in
646:. SAGE Publications.
443:Noah Hoover Mennonite
113:Further information:
101:who desire to become
37:
22:
1757:Schwarzenau Brethren
1752:Old Order Mennonites
1670:Amish preaching soup
1100:German Peasants' War
1003:Old Order Mennonites
816:Donald B. Kraybill:
679:. Penn State Press.
475:Schwarzenau Brethren
395:Old Order Mennonites
321:Swartzentruber Amish
292:, and around 50,000
270:Old Order Mennonites
69:Schwarzenau Brethren
54:Old Order Anabaptism
41:young women wearing
1482:New Wilmington (PA)
1170:Freedom of religion
1165:Christian communism
937:Radical Reformation
587:Christianity portal
437:Orthodox Mennonites
254:Pennsylvania German
194:Kneeling for prayer
115:Anabaptist doctrine
109:Belief and practice
24:Old Order Mennonite
1512:Fredericktown (OH)
1315:Balthasar Hubmaier
1237:Believer's baptism
1134:Old Order Movement
1013:Russian Mennonites
425:Stauffer Mennonite
286:Old Order Brethren
258:Alemannic dialects
169:Believer's baptism
51:
47:kapp headcoverings
32:
1724:
1723:
1592:Amish way of life
1524:Missouri/Illinois
1416:
1369:
1368:
1320:Bernhard Rothmann
1160:Church discipline
1105:MĂĽnster rebellion
967:Congregationalism
876:978-3-031-04386-4
745:978-0-8316-9701-3
722:John A. Hostetler
716:Sandra L. Cronk:
686:978-0-271-07720-8
663:meaning "people."
653:978-1-4833-5991-5
625:978-0-88955-493-1
547:Para-Amish groups
339:Andy Weaver Amish
1764:
1716:
1715:
1468:Dover (Delaware)
1428:Elkhart-LaGrange
1414:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1373:
1361:
1360:
1242:Closed communion
1035:Amish Mennonites
962:Zwickau prophets
957:German mysticism
911:
904:
897:
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880:
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266:Hutterite German
256:, or one of two
227:Buggies and cars
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1727:
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1690:Amish Mennonite
1660:Amish furniture
1643:
1568:
1542:
1518:Kansas/Oklahoma
1413:
1405:
1400:
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1365:
1355:
1349:
1300:Michael Sattler
1295:Pilgram Marpeck
1277:
1271:
1220:
1143:
1088:
1025:New Order Amish
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952:Moravian Church
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829:Stephen Scott:
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387:New Order Amish
375:Lancaster Amish
302:
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174:Excommunication
156:Donald Kraybill
127:, according to
117:
111:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1521:Milverton (ON)
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1111:Martyrs Mirror
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1084:Peace churches
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1057:River Brethren
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1047:Schwenkfelders
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1038:
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983:Swiss Brethren
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947:Petr ChelÄŤickĂ˝
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738:. MennoMedia.
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333:Buchanan Amish
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315:Nebraska Amish
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179:Fermented wine
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103:church members
73:River Brethren
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1476:Nappanee (IN)
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1190:Nonresistance
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801:Stephen Scott
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223:dress style.
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154:According to
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149:Nonresistance
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123:principle of
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36:
29:
25:
21:
1695:Beachy Amish
1675:Barn raising
1655:Jakob Ammann
1547:Distribution
1535:
1491:Ashland (OH)
1485:Daviess (IN)
1411:Affiliations
1335:Jakob Ammann
1330:Menno Simons
1325:Dirk Philips
1310:Jakob Hutter
1247:Foot washing
1213:
1126:
1109:
1042:Abecedarians
1030:Beachy Amish
993:Batenburgers
866:
860:
848:. Retrieved
838:
830:
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817:
812:
804:
796:
788:
783:
771:. Retrieved
757:
749:
735:
729:
717:
712:
704:
699:
692:Mennonites).
690:
676:
670:
660:
657:
643:
637:
629:
615:
609:
533:Schmiedeleut
486:Old Brethren
345:Troyer Amish
303:
288:, about 350
283:
280:Demographics
268:. Among the
247:
230:
214:
185:Foot washing
181:in communion
153:
147:
140:
133:
118:
95:
90:
86:
58:
53:
52:
43:cape dresses
1747:Mennonitism
1612:Hochstetler
1573:Way of life
1515:Kalona (IA)
1488:Kenton (IN)
1479:Arthur (IL)
1472:Andy Weaver
1278:Anabaptists
1257:Plain dress
1232:Agape feast
1209:free church
1180:Memorialism
942:Waldensians
357:Renno Amish
351:Byler Amish
327:Swiss Amish
262:Swiss Amish
248:Almost all
217:dress plain
129:Romans 12:2
1737:Anabaptism
1731:Categories
1680:Rumspringa
1665:Amish doll
1537:and others
1305:Hans Denck
1285:Felix Manz
998:Mennonites
988:Hutterites
925:Background
918:Anabaptism
850:1 February
601:References
539:Dariusleut
527:Lehrerleut
522:Hutterites
294:Hutterites
81:Anabaptist
77:Hutterites
65:Mennonites
1700:New Order
1617:Stoltzfus
1450:Geauga II
1423:Lancaster
1225:Practices
1074:Bruderhof
190:Holy Kiss
163:A capella
1564:Maryland
1503:Nebraska
1498:Michigan
1447:Geauga I
1438:Buchanan
1262:Shunning
1195:Pacifism
1148:Theology
573:See also
244:Language
121:biblical
92:society.
1585:Ordnung
1276:Notable
1252:Ordnung
1128:Ausbund
1093:History
165:singing
99:seekers
1622:Troyer
1459:Troyer
1433:Holmes
976:Groups
873:
773:27 May
742:
683:
650:
622:
300:Groups
221:Quaker
49:(2006)
30:(2006)
1742:Amish
1648:Other
1627:Yoder
1508:Renno
1403:Amish
1020:Amish
309:Amish
211:Dress
143:dress
61:Amish
1559:Ohio
871:ISBN
852:2023
775:2022
740:ISBN
681:ISBN
661:leut
648:ISBN
620:ISBN
136:evil
71:and
45:and
720:in
1733::
1207:–
803::
766:.
748:.
689:.
656:.
628:.
63:,
1395:e
1388:t
1381:v
910:e
903:t
896:v
879:.
854:.
777:.
518:.
260:(
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