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Tampa Bay area's economy, it has also damaged the bay's water quality and ecology. More care has been taken in recent decades to lessen the environmental impact of dredging. Dredged material has also been used to create several spoil islands on the eastern side of
Hillsboro Bay. These islands have become important nesting sites for many seabirds, including threatened species such as
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279:, which comprises many towns and cities in several counties surrounding the large body of water. Local marketing and branding efforts (including several professional sports teams, tourist boards, and chambers of commerce) commonly use the moniker "Tampa Bay", furthering the misconception that it is the name of a particular municipality when this is not the case.
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781:, the Tampa Bay would be a primary point of confrontation, detention, and forced expulsion of the Seminole & Miccosukee people of Florida. Fort Brooke, Fort Dade, and the American military's miscellaneous Egmont Key facilities were the primary sites associated with the removal of the Seminole in the Floridian leg of the
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sites have been found near rivers and lakes in northern
Florida, leading to speculation that these first Floridians also lived on Tampa Bay when it was still a freshwater lake. Evidence of human habitation from this early period has been found at the Harney Flats site, which is approximately 10 miles
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was likely the dominant chiefdom in the area when
Spanish explorers arrived in the early 1500s, but there were likely smaller chiefdoms on the eastern side of the bay which were not well documented. The indigenous population had been decimated by disease and warfare by the late 1600s, and there were
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In the early 20th century, traveling overland between the growing communities around Tampa Bay was an arduous process. The trip between Tampa and St. Petersburg was almost 50 miles (80 km) around the north end of Old Tampa Bay and took up to 12 hours by train and over a full day over uncertain
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As Tampa began to grow in the mid-1800s, roads across central
Florida were still just rough trails and rail lines did not yet extend down the Florida peninsula, so the most convenient means of traveling to and from the area was by sea. By the late 19th century, however, the shallow nature of Tampa
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The communities surrounding Tampa Bay grew tremendously during the 20th century. Today, the area is home to about 4 million residents, making Tampa Bay a heavily used commercial and recreational waterway and subjecting it to increasing amounts of pollutants from industry, agriculture, sewage,
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The Corps of
Engineers currently maintains more than 80 miles of deep-water channels in Tampa Bay up to a depth of 47 feet. These must be continuously re-dredged and deepened due to the sandy nature of the bay bottom. While dredging has enabled seaborne commerce to become an important part of the
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However, industrial and agricultural runoff along with runoff from developed areas pose a continuing threat to marine ecosystems in the bay, particularly by clouding the water with sediments and algae blooms, and seagrass coverage declined slightly in the late 2010s. Wastewater pollution from old
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decimated the native population over the ensuing decades, leading to the near-total collapse of every established culture across peninsular
Florida. Between this depopulation and the indifference of its colonial owners, the Tampa Bay region would be virtually uninhabited for almost 200 years.
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Edgar, N. T.; Willard, D. A.; Brooks, G. R.; Cronin, T. D.; Hastings, D. W.; Flower, B. P.; Swarzenski, P. W.; Hollander, D. J.; Larson, R.; Hine, A. C.; Suthard, B. C.; Locker, S. D.; Greenwood, W. J. (2002). "Holocene and
Pleistocene Marine and Non-marine Sediment from Tampa Bay, Florida".
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657:, who lived in the area beginning around 5,000–6,000 years ago, after sea levels had risen to near modern levels and the bay was connected to the Gulf of Mexico. This culture, which relied almost exclusively on the bay for food and other resources, was in turn replaced by the similar
256:. The bay's water quality was seriously degraded by the early 1980s, resulting in a sharp decline in sea life and decreased availability for recreational use. Greater care has been taken in recent decades to mitigate the effects of human habitation on Tampa Bay, most notably upgraded
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lived almost entirely from mullet, shellfish, sea turtles, manatees, crabs, and other bounties harvested from the sea. As late as the early 20th century, visitors still reported huge schools of mullet swimming across the bay in such numbers that they "impeded the passage of boats".
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Bay made it impossible for large modern vessels with deeper drafts to reach the city of Tampa's downtown wharves on
Hillsboro Bay. Most ships would anchor well out from shore and transfer cargo and passengers to and from the city in smaller boats.
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caused by climate change. The sea level has risen 8 inches (200 mm) since 1946. Tampa Bay is also one of the areas in the US most at risk when hurricanes arrive because of its location, growing population, and the geography of the bay.
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coverage by more than 80% compared to earlier in the century and severely impacting the marine ecosystem. Many previously common species became scarce, and bay beaches were regularly closed due to unsafe levels of bacteria and pollutants.
1033:) was built between Clearwater and Tampa. More bridges criss-crossed Tampa Bay over the ensuing decades, making travel between the surrounding communities much faster and furthering the economic development of the Tampa Bay area.
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Humans have lived in
Florida for millennia, at least 14,000 years. Due to worldwide glaciation, sea levels were much lower at the time, and Florida's peninsula extended almost 60 miles west of today's coastline.
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and other pollutants into the bay, which drastically degraded water quality. The bay's health reached a low point in the 1970s. The water was so murky that sunlight could not reach the shallow bottom, reducing
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in the 1820s. Currently centered east and southeast of downtown Tampa on
Hillsboro and McKay Bays. Largest port in Florida; 10th largest in the nation. Port Tampa Bay accommodates half of Florida's
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The establishment and rapid growth of surrounding communities during the 20th century caused serious damage to the bay's natural environment. Heavy harvesting of fish and other sea life, constant
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for thousands of years. These cultures relied heavily on Tampa Bay for food, and the waters were rich enough that they were one of the few Native American cultures that did not have to farm. The
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roads by car. The trip between St. Petersburg and Bradenton was even longer – over 70 miles (110 km) all the way around Tampa Bay, a trip that still took about two hours into the 1950s.
979:: Located on the southern shore of Lower Tampa Bay. Most refrigerated dockside space of any Gulf of Mexico port. Ranked fifth among Florida's fourteen seaports in total annual cargo tonnage.
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are off-limits to the public, due to their fragile ecology and their use as nesting sites by many species of birds. The Tampa Bay Estuary Program keeps watch over the Bay's health.
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to begin the first large dredging operation in Tampa Bay. A deep shipping channel was created which linked Port Tampa to the mouth of the bay, enabling Plant to greatly expand his
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Not finding gold or silver in the vicinity and unable to convert the native inhabitants to Christianity, the Spanish did not remain in the Tampa Bay area for long. However,
621:, 1757. Map is oriented with east at the top. Pinellas peninsula is at bottom, Tampa peninsula in middle, Hillsborough River shown extending into the interior at top left.
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railroad line on the eastern shore of Old Tampa Bay. Eclipsed in tonnage and importance by the Port of Tampa in the early 1900s, but still an important arrival point for
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line. In 1917, the Corps of Engineers dredged another channel from the mouth of Tampa Bay to the Port of Tampa, instantly making the city an important shipping center.
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over Old Tampa Bay reduced the driving distance between Tampa and St. Petersburg to 19 miles (31 km). Ten years later, the Davis Causeway (later renamed the
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2050:"University of Georgia Libraries, Hargrett Rare Books and Manuscript Library: An exact map of North and South Carolina & Georgia, with East and West Florida"
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393:-dominated wetlands, the bay provides habitat for a wide variety of wildlife. More than 200 species of fish are found in the waters of the bay, along with
330:. Though the exact process of the lake-to-bay transformation is not completely understood, the leading theory is that rising sea levels following the last
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seems to have disappeared from maps of the region in favor of "Tampa Bay" (sometimes divided into Tampa and Hillsboro Bays) soon after the US established
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at its terminus. In 1898, Plant used his connections in the federal government to make Port Tampa a major embarkation point for the U.S. Army during the
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The difficulty of traveling between Tampa and St. Petersburg in the early 20th century inspired the world's first scheduled air service, the
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phosphate plants near the shoreline has been a particular problem. For example, in 2004, a leak of 65 million gallons of acidic water from a
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The bottom of Tampa Bay is silty and sandy, with an average water depth of only about 12 feet (3.7 m). The relatively shallow water and
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The Tampa Bay Regional Resiliency Coalition coordinates the region's response to climate change. Communities throughout the Bay, including
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1067:: Opened 1924 (first roadway bridge over Tampa Bay). Spans Old Tampa Bay from Tampa on the east to St. Petersburg on the west. Part of
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While the construction of bridges made air travel across Tampa Bay unnecessary, several airports have been built along the shoreline.
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counties. The freshwater sources of the bay are distributed among over a hundred small tributaries, rather than a single river. The
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no permanent human settlements in the area for over a century. The United States took possession of Florida in 1821 and established
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reached the area in 1884 and ran across the Interbay Peninsula to Old Tampa Bay, where he built the town and shipping facility of
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in the northwest corner of Old Tampa Bay, are the most documented group from that era because they had the most interactions with
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and killed over 1000 tons of fish in the bay and along the nearby gulf coast and may lead to further damage to seagrass beds.
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waterfront on Old Tampa Bay and operated by the city. Smallest of Florida's ports, caters mainly to private vessels. Site of
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Tampa Bay is Florida's largest open-water estuary, extending over 400 square miles (1,000 km) and forming coastlines of
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on the south to St. Petersburg on the north, greatly reducing travel times between Manatee and Pinellas Counties. Part of
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Beginning in the early 1980s after federal and state legislation to improve water quality, authorities installed improved
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The Safety Harbor culture was dominant in the area at the time of first contact with Europeans in the mid-1500s. The
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grew quickly after its founding in the late 19th century, on the western bay shore opposite Tampa. By 2010, the
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nation, who are known to be among the ancestors of the contemporary Seminole and Miccosukee Tribes of Florida.
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by approximately 800 AD. The pre-contact Indigenous nation most associated with the Tampa Bay are the historic
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703:. However, there were many other coastal villages organized into various small chiefdoms all around the bay.
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1107:/ St. Petersburg on the south to Clearwater on the north. Built to help relieve traffic congestion on nearby
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Tampa Bay was given different names by early mapmakers. Spanish maps dated from 1584 identifies Tampa Bay as
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2024:"Historical Map Archive: The Peninsula and Gulf of Florida, or New Bahama Channel, with the Bahama Islands"
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216:, Old Tampa Bay, Middle Tampa Bay, and Lower Tampa Bay. The largest freshwater inflow into the bay is the
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1721:"A worst case at Piney Point? 20-foot (6.1 m) wall of water. DeSantis tours site, stresses safety"
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1091:: Opened 1934. Spans northern Old Tampa Bay from Tampa on the east to Clearwater on the west. Part of
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2134:"'We're not extinct': Seminole Tribe of Florida highlights Tampa history for Indigenous People's Day"
1972:"University of Georgia Libraries, Hargrett Rare Books and Manuscript Library: 1584 map of La Florida"
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1079:: Opened 1960. Spans middle of Old Tampa Bay from Tampa on the east to St. Pete on the west. Part of
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Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida.
1998:"University of Georgia Libraries, Hargrett Rare Books and Manuscript Library: 1695 Spanish Map"
1900:
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on the northeast shore, Fort Harrison (a minor military outpost on Florida's west coast) begat
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covers portions of five Florida counties and approximately 2,200 square miles (5,700 km).
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1955:
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2183:"They can't turn back waves, but USF and Seminoles are preserving Egmont Key in digital form"
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The earliest evidence of human habitation directly on the shores of Tampa Bay comes from the
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species joining them in the winter. The cooler months are also when warm-water outfalls from
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For the next 100 years, many new communities were founded around the bay. Fort Brooke begat
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1478:"Some Historical Accounts of the Natural Conditions in Tampa Bay and Hillsborough County"
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at the mouth of the Hillsborough River in 1824. For the next several decades, during the
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restoration projects, resulting in improved water quality over time. However, occasional
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1119:: Opened 1926. Bridge portion spans the mouth of McKay Bay near Port Tampa Bay. Part of
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224:. Many other smaller rivers and streams also flow into Tampa Bay, resulting in a large
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on the bay's southern shore severely impacted wetlands in the vicinity of the spill.
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near the current mouth of the bay created a connection between the lake and the gulf.
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for shoreline development were important factors. Most damaging was the discharge of
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rivers the next largest sources. Because of these many flows into the bay, its large
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1747:"26 feet of water: What the worst-case hurricane scenario looks like for Tampa Bay"
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1005:
856:, and have been designated as "sanctuary islands" that are off-limits to boaters.
730:. Later maps dated 1794 and 1800 show the bay divided with three different names,
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make their year-round home along its shores and small islands, with several other
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3004:
2979:
2573:
Provenzo. Jr. , Eugene F. (July 1979). "The St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line".
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1103:: Opened 1993. Runs roughly parallel to the western shore of Old Tampa Bay from
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The term "Tampa Bay" is often used as shorthand to refer to all or parts of the
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1627:"Tampa Bay sea grasses, a leading indicator of water health, hit 60-year high"
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until 2014): Oldest port on Tampa Bay, can trace its roots to the wharves of
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Earliest known detailed map of Tampa Bay, by Don Francisco Maria Celi of the
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2438:"Port of Tampa will fuel region with new $ 56 million petroleum terminal"
1304:"Tampa Bay environmental atlas", U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 85(15)
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635:
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And in April 2021, a breach of a wastewater reservoir at the long-closed
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Tampa Bay was designated as an "estuary of national significance" by the
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398:
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This article is about the body of water. For the demographic region, see
2107:"Historical Map Archive: 1933 Map of Florida by A. Finley, Philadelphia"
1279:"Tampa Bay is not the name of a city, locals say. History proves it was"
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are adapting infrastructure and buildings to face changes in sea level.
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1690:"Mosaic Co. environmental project to revive ecological disaster area"
490:. Most of the islands (including several man-made islands built from
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blooms have caused concern about the ongoing health of the estuary.
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Tampa Bay was once teeming with fish and wildlife. People of the
2157:"Seminole Tribe searches for remains of ancestors on Egmont Key"
769:
The United States acquired Florida from Spain in 1821. The name
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2660:
1659:"Tampa Bay cities prepare for rising sea levels and storm risk"
1441:"Can manatees survive without warm waters from power plants?",
1170:
near downtown Tampa were both established in the 1930s. Later,
1223:"Red Tide's return raises fears about the health of Tampa Bay"
679:
Hernando de Soto § De Soto's exploration of North America
646:
east of the current location of Tampa's downtown waterfront.
27:
Estuary and natural harbor in Florida, off the Gulf of Mexico
1772:"Climate change is here. Will Tampa Bay finally get ready?"
1573:"Seagrass In Tampa Bay Declined 13 Percent In Recent Years"
840:, leading to the U.S. Congress appropriating funds for the
2408:"Port Tampa Bay has to dredge with care in nesting season"
1182:
opened on the southern tip of Tampa's Interbay Peninsula.
2602:"Spectacular Sunshine Skyway replaced ferryboats in 1954"
1178:
were established on opposite sides of Old Tampa Bay, and
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streaming into lower Tampa Bay. The resulting growth of
1422:
1598:"Ten Communities: Profiles in Environmental Progress"
796:, the trading post of "Braden's Town" developed into
2235:"National Wildlife Refuges Along the Trail of Tears"
1155:, which operated during the tourist season of 1914.
306:
Tampa Bay formed approximately 6,000 years ago as a
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2932:
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2547:. Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. 2007.
748:. At other times, the entire bay was identified as
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99:
47:
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1221:Sampson, Zachary; Weber, Natalie (July 23, 2021).
425:. More than two dozen species of birds, including
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1530:
562:sent over 200 millions gallons of nutrient-rich
362:is the largest such freshwater source, with the
248:at the mouth of the Hillsborough River in 1824.
100:
3239:Bodies of water of Hillsborough County, Florida
2631:George Gandy Sr. Made $ 1,932,000 Span Possible
2290:"Corps, Port Consider Channel Widening Options"
1952:Indians of Central and South Florida: 1513-1763
547:had improved to levels last seen in the 1950s.
182:Florida Department of Environmental Protection
2909:
2672:
476:United States Environmental Protection Agency
8:
724:"). A map dated 1695 identifies the area as
3249:Bodies of water of Pinellas County, Florida
2346:"Dredging and Dredged: Material Management"
808:was home to over 4 million residents.
176:Southwest Florida Water Management District
3244:Bodies of water of Manatee County, Florida
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2902:
2894:
2679:
2665:
2657:
1566:
1564:
1538:"Seagrass Meadows of Tampa Bay - A Review"
1472:
1470:
1455:"Dredging and Dredged Material Management"
1047:: Opened 1954. Spans Lower Tampa Bay from
518:of shipping channels, and the clearing of
44:
2077:"De Soto's First Headquarters in Florida"
1216:
1214:
1212:
1176:St. Pete–Clearwater International Airport
231:The shores of Tampa Bay were home to the
2539:
2537:
1143:over Tampa Bay, 1914. The aircraft is a
334:coupled with the formation of a massive
1656:Fortado, Lindsay (September 20, 2019).
1208:
858:
314:with a wide mouth connecting it to the
220:, which flows into Hillsborough Bay in
2568:
2566:
2474:from the original on 16 September 2015
2448:from the original on 24 September 2015
1418:
1416:
1414:
1249:"Media found the Rays, lost the 'Bay'"
461:, an endangered species, to the area.
3224:Bays of Florida on the Gulf of Mexico
2545:"The World's First Scheduled Airline"
2418:from the original on 26 February 2016
2296:from the original on 7 September 2015
1978:from the original on January 14, 2009
1828:from the original on 22 February 2015
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1313:, page 3. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
1302:Kunneke, J.T., and T.F. Palik, 1984.
1162:on the St. Petersburg waterfront and
842:United States Army Corps of Engineers
389:beds, and along with the surrounding
318:. Prior to that time, it was a large
7:
2633:St. Petersburg Times, April 18, 1956
1696:. Tampa Bay, Florida. Archived from
1688:Salinero, Mike (September 2, 2012).
1608:from the original on 13 January 2015
742:on the east with an overall name of
2551:from the original on 2 October 2015
1850:. Co.pinellas.fl.us. Archived from
1770:Wilson, Kirby (February 22, 2019).
736:west of the Interbay peninsula and
2732:Hillsborough County Public Schools
2233:O'Brian, Bill (16 February 2022).
2004:from the original on June 24, 2009
25:
2652:Tampa Bay Watershed – Florida DEP
2600:Blizin, Jerry (20 October 2009).
2500:from the original on 2 April 2015
2406:Hammett, Yvette (12 April 2015).
2387:from the original on 2 April 2015
2213:Seminole Nation, Indian Territory
2056:from the original on June 1, 2010
1802:from the original on 2 April 2015
1277:Guzzo, Paul (November 16, 2022).
1153:St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line
484:Pinellas National Wildlife Refuge
81:
2877:
2575:The Florida Historical Quarterly
2530:from the original on 2015-04-01.
2520:"Port St. Pete - St. Petersburg"
2468:"About the Tampa Port Authority"
2239:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
2081:The Florida Historical Quarterly
1719:Callihan, Ryan (April 4, 2021).
1401:"Map of the Tampa Bay Watershed"
888:
873:
861:
80:
73:
53:
3234:Geography of the Tampa Bay area
2260:"Henry Plant's Southern Empire"
2075:Swanton, John R. (April 1952).
1954:. University Press of Florida.
1933:from the original on 2010-04-06
1927:"Tocobaga Indians of Tampa Bay"
1874:"Tocobaga Indians of Tampa Bay"
1670:from the original on 2022-12-10
1550:from the original on 2011-07-20
1490:from the original on 2011-07-20
1403:. 22 March 2009. Archived from
1375:"GulfBase - Tampa Bay and Keys"
1141:first scheduled airline service
212:, comprising Hillsborough Bay,
1571:Carter, Cathy (May 17, 2021).
1377:. gulfbase.org. Archived from
1356:Depths detail bay's beginnings
1247:Craig Pittman (July 7, 2008).
455:power plants bordering the bay
1:
1880:. University of South Florida
1745:Resnick, Brian (2019-09-11).
1192:Climate of the Tampa Bay area
632:Indigenous peoples of Florida
589:, is extremely vulnerable to
208:on the west-central coast of
2136:. Channel 10 News, Tampa Bay
1037:Bridges that cross Tampa Bay
1013:from its southern approach,
539:and tightened regulation of
2742:University of South Florida
2727:Tampa International Airport
1464:, Tampa Bay Estuary Program
1423:"Tampa Bay Estuary Program"
1172:Tampa International Airport
965:Tampa International Airport
560:Piney Point phosphate plant
3275:
2316:"The Spanish–American War"
2209:"Seminole Trails of Tears"
1088:Courtney Campbell Causeway
1031:Courtney Campbell Causeway
758:
672:
629:
482:are located in Tampa Bay:
457:draw one out of every six
322:lake, possibly fed by the
310:drowned river valley type
29:
2871:
1905:Seminole Tribe of Florida
963:which is piped to nearby
951:: Established in 1885 by
868:Tampa's waterfront, 1890.
761:History of Tampa, Florida
480:National Wildlife Refuges
68:
52:
1822:"Florida anthropologist"
1445:(tbo.com), Jan. 8, 2011.
708:diseases they introduced
2737:Pinellas County Schools
1164:Peter O. Knight Airport
1076:Howard Frankland Bridge
955:at the terminus of the
553:Cargill phosphate plant
260:facilities and several
3198:List of Florida rivers
1950:Hann, John H. (2003).
1180:MacDill Air Force Base
1160:Albert Whitted Airport
1148:
1044:Sunshine Skyway Bridge
1018:
985:Port of St. Petersburg
969:MacDill Air Force Base
622:
587:other parts of Florida
537:water treatment plants
298:
40:Tampa (disambiguation)
38:. For other uses, see
3193:Intracoastal Waterway
2647:Tampa Bay Water Atlas
1139:piloting the world's
1135:
1093:Florida State Road 60
1008:
935:in the form of bulk,
755:United States control
717:Baya de Spirito Santo
659:Safety Harbor culture
655:Weeden Island culture
616:
508:Safety Harbor culture
401:, plus many types of
290:
237:Safety Harbor culture
233:Weedon Island Culture
123:27.76250°N 82.54583°W
3229:Estuaries of Florida
2612:on 24 September 2015
2292:. Baysoundings.com.
2113:on February 14, 2009
2030:on February 14, 2009
1638:St. Petersburg Times
1381:on 13 September 2015
1352:St. Petersburg Times
1253:St. Petersburg Times
1116:22nd Street Causeway
838:Spanish–American War
750:The Bay of Tocobaga.
745:Bay of Spiritu Santo
669:European exploration
541:industrial discharge
465:Environmental issues
459:West Indian manatees
403:marine invertebrates
34:. For the city, see
2777:Smaller communities
2496:. portmanatee.com.
2377:"Sanctuary Islands"
2326:on 17 February 2015
2187:The Tampa Bay Times
2161:The Tampa Bay Times
1796:"Florida's Indians"
1700:on February 4, 2013
1338:2002AGUFMOS61A0191E
653:, a variant of the
619:Spanish Royal Fleet
429:, several types of
395:bottlenose dolphins
292:Tampa Bay Watershed
196:is a large natural
128:27.76250; -82.54583
119: /
3188:Florida Everglades
2924:Coastal waters of
1632:2011-01-24 at the
1460:2015-09-24 at the
1432:, Official Website
1428:2007-08-30 at the
1361:2011-12-25 at the
1309:2010-05-27 at the
1149:
1019:
913:Ports on Tampa Bay
800:on the south, and
765:History of Florida
691:, who built their
675:Narváez expedition
623:
486:and the refuge on
439:Roseate spoonbills
360:Hillsborough River
299:
218:Hillsborough River
3206:
3205:
2891:
2890:
2132:Morrow, Emerald.
1878:Exploring Florida
1694:The Tampa Tribune
1577:WUSF Public Media
1407:on 22 March 2009.
988:: Located on the
701:Spanish explorers
626:Early inhabitants
204:connected to the
191:
190:
63:satellite in 2006
59:Tampa Bay from a
16:(Redirected from
3266:
3111:South Lake Worth
3051:Baker's Haulover
2918:
2911:
2904:
2895:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2658:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2608:. Archived from
2597:
2591:
2590:
2570:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2351:. Archived from
2350:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2322:. Archived from
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2266:. Archived from
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2207:Simpson, Linda.
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2109:. Archived from
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2026:. Archived from
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1968:
1962:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1929:. Fcit.usf.edu.
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1907:. Seminole Tribe
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1661:
1653:
1640:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1542:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1489:
1482:
1474:
1465:
1452:
1446:
1439:
1433:
1420:
1409:
1408:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1371:
1365:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1320:
1314:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1255:. Archived from
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1218:
1197:History of Tampa
1017:in the distance.
994:U.S. Coast Guard
937:roll-on/roll-off
892:
877:
865:
651:Manasota culture
609:Human habitation
585:Tampa Bay, like
385:allow for large
324:Floridan Aquifer
258:sewage treatment
158:
157:Primary outflows
134:
133:
131:
130:
129:
124:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
102:
84:
83:
77:
57:
45:
21:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3171:
3167:Mosquito Lagoon
3120:
3071:Gasparilla Pass
3039:
2928:
2922:
2892:
2887:
2878:
2876:
2867:
2833:
2829:Sun City Center
2772:
2746:
2690:
2685:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2606:Tampa Bay Times
2599:
2598:
2594:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2442:Tampa Bay Times
2436:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2320:plantmuseum.com
2314:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2271:
2270:on 3 April 2015
2264:plantmuseum.com
2258:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1949:
1945:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1901:"The Ancestors"
1898:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1857:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1780:
1778:
1776:Tampa Bay Times
1769:
1768:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1673:
1671:
1664:Financial Times
1655:
1654:
1643:
1634:Wayback Machine
1625:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1515:. 26 March 2015
1507:
1506:
1502:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1462:Wayback Machine
1453:
1449:
1440:
1436:
1430:Wayback Machine
1421:
1412:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1363:Wayback Machine
1349:
1345:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1311:Wayback Machine
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1283:Tampa Bay Times
1276:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1260:
1259:on June 7, 2011
1246:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1227:Tampa Bay Times
1220:
1219:
1210:
1205:
1188:
1130:
1039:
1011:Sunshine Skyway
1003:
915:
908:
893:
884:
878:
869:
866:
819:
814:
767:
757:
685:
683:Spanish Florida
671:
638:
628:
611:
583:
504:
472:
467:
383:tidal mud flats
344:
328:natural springs
304:
285:
187:
169:Managing agency
127:
125:
121:
118:
113:
110:
108:
106:
105:
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:
89:
85:
64:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3272:
3270:
3262:
3261:
3259:Eutrophication
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3211:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3183:Big Bend Coast
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3162:Matanzas River
3159:
3157:Marquesas Keys
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3091:Pensacola Pass
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2960:Choctawhatchee
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2819:Tarpon Springs
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:Temple Terrace
2786:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2763:St. Petersburg
2760:
2754:
2752:
2751:Central cities
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2688:Tampa Bay area
2686:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2642:
2641:External links
2639:
2636:
2635:
2623:
2592:
2562:
2533:
2524:www.stpete.org
2511:
2485:
2459:
2429:
2398:
2368:
2337:
2307:
2281:
2251:
2225:
2199:
2173:
2147:
2124:
2098:
2067:
2041:
2015:
1989:
1963:
1943:
1918:
1891:
1864:
1839:
1813:
1787:
1762:
1737:
1711:
1680:
1641:
1619:
1589:
1560:
1526:
1500:
1466:
1447:
1434:
1410:
1392:
1366:
1343:
1315:
1295:
1269:
1239:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1112:
1100:Bayside Bridge
1096:
1084:
1072:
1060:
1038:
1035:
1015:St. Petersburg
1002:
999:
998:
997:
990:St. Petersburg
980:
972:
953:Henry B. Plant
944:
923:(known as the
920:Port Tampa Bay
914:
911:
910:
909:
905:downtown Tampa
897:Port Tampa Bay
895:Facilities at
894:
887:
885:
879:
872:
870:
867:
860:
854:oystercatchers
826:Henry B. Plant
818:
815:
813:
812:Transportation
810:
806:Tampa Bay Area
802:St. Petersburg
783:Trail of Tears
756:
753:
693:principal town
670:
667:
627:
624:
610:
607:
599:St. Petersburg
591:sea level rise
582:
581:Climate change
579:
503:
500:
471:
468:
466:
463:
447:laughing gulls
427:brown pelicans
372:Little Manatee
343:
340:
316:Gulf of Mexico
303:
300:
284:
281:
277:Tampa Bay area
254:surface runoff
226:watershed area
222:downtown Tampa
206:Gulf of Mexico
189:
188:
186:
185:
179:
172:
170:
166:
165:
163:Gulf of Mexico
160:
152:
151:
142:
136:
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103:
97:
96:
87:
86:
79:
78:
72:
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
58:
50:
49:
36:Tampa, Florida
32:Tampa Bay area
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3271:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
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3217:
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3214:
3199:
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3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
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3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:Halifax River
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:Ponce de Leon
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3066:Caxambas Pass
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3010:Ponce de Leon
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
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2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2907:
2905:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2886:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2784:Pinellas Park
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2749:
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2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2677:
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2670:
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2659:
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2650:
2648:
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2607:
2603:
2596:
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2529:
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2521:
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2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2417:
2413:
2412:Tampa Tribune
2409:
2402:
2399:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2358:on 2015-04-02
2354:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2295:
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2255:
2252:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2226:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2200:
2188:
2184:
2181:Guzzo, Paul.
2177:
2174:
2162:
2158:
2155:Guzzo, Paul.
2151:
2148:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2068:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1960:0-8130-2645-8
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1892:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1865:
1854:on 2016-03-04
1853:
1849:
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1827:
1823:
1817:
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1801:
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3101:Redfish Pass
3061:Captiva Pass
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2853:Hillsborough
2838:Counties in
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470:Conservation
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348:Hillsborough
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230:
200:and shallow
193:
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3137:Guana River
3020:St. Andrews
2799:Zephyrhills
2478:5 September
2381:audubon.org
2300:5 September
2244:9 September
2218:9 September
2192:9 September
2166:9 September
2140:9 September
1911:9 September
1884:9 September
1824:. ufl.edu.
1798:. ufl.edu.
1509:"Tampa Bay"
1326:Harvard.edu
1145:Benoist XIV
1137:Tony Jannus
941:cruise ship
929:Fort Brooke
775:Fort Brooke
727:Bahia Tampa
722:Holy Spirit
524:waste water
320:fresh water
246:Fort Brooke
126: /
101:Coordinates
3213:Categories
3152:Lake Worth
3081:Lake Worth
3056:Blind Pass
3035:Whitewater
3025:St. Joseph
2995:Palma Sola
2955:Blackwater
2804:Plant City
2768:Clearwater
2362:2015-03-23
2091:30 January
1937:2010-04-10
1899:SemTribe.
1858:2010-04-10
1848:"Manasota"
1781:2020-02-16
1756:2022-11-16
1674:2021-02-18
1582:August 30,
1554:2011-01-23
1494:2011-01-23
1263:2010-04-10
1232:August 30,
1203:References
948:Port Tampa
943:terminals.
883:, c. 1900.
881:Port Tampa
834:Port Tampa
794:Clearwater
759:See also:
673:See also:
630:See also:
573:led to an
488:Egmont Key
443:cormorants
405:including
268:and other
114:82°32′45″W
111:27°45′45″N
3219:Tampa Bay
3116:St. Lucie
3106:Sebastian
3076:Hillsboro
3000:Pensacola
2874:See also:
2702:Tampa Bay
2616:23 August
2555:23 August
2117:April 27,
2060:April 27,
2034:April 27,
2008:April 27,
1982:April 27,
1049:Bradenton
846:steamship
798:Bradenton
733:Tampa Bay
529:sea grass
520:mangroves
502:Pollution
451:migratory
387:sea grass
376:watershed
336:sink hole
283:Geography
262:sea grass
214:McKay Bay
194:Tampa Bay
88:Tampa Bay
48:Tampa Bay
3254:Red tide
3176:See also
3086:Matanzas
3015:Sarasota
2985:Matanzas
2970:Escambia
2950:Biscayne
2863:Pinellas
2848:Hernando
2549:Archived
2528:Archived
2504:12 April
2498:Archived
2472:Archived
2452:12 April
2446:Archived
2422:12 April
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2294:Archived
2274:12 April
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2054:Archived
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1976:Archived
1931:Archived
1832:12 April
1826:Archived
1806:12 April
1800:Archived
1668:Archived
1630:Archived
1612:12 April
1606:Archived
1602:nara.gov
1545:Archived
1519:12 April
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1458:Archived
1426:Archived
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1359:Archived
1307:Archived
1186:See also
996:station.
689:Tocobaga
663:Tocobaga
636:Tocobaga
568:red tide
516:dredging
496:sandbars
411:scallops
399:manatees
391:mangrove
356:Pinellas
326:through
308:brackish
266:red tide
241:Tocobaga
178:(SWFWMD)
3125:Lagoons
3005:Perdido
2980:Florida
2926:Florida
2885:Florida
2814:Dunedin
2794:Brandon
2712:History
2707:Climate
2587:3014618
1730:4 April
1513:epa.gov
1334:Bibcode
1001:By land
907:at left
575:ecocide
407:oysters
368:Manatee
352:Manatee
342:Ecology
332:ice age
312:estuary
210:Florida
202:estuary
149:estuary
3044:Inlets
2975:Estero
2945:Barnes
2882:
2722:Sports
2695:Topics
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1704:May 6,
1128:By air
1055:&
817:By sea
681:, and
494:) and
445:, and
419:shrimp
370:, and
364:Alafia
302:Origin
198:harbor
184:(FDEP)
145:harbor
3030:Tampa
2858:Pasco
2809:Largo
2758:Tampa
2717:Media
2583:JSTOR
2356:(PDF)
2349:(PDF)
1548:(PDF)
1541:(PDF)
1488:(PDF)
1481:(PDF)
1109:US-19
1105:Largo
1081:I-275
1057:US 19
1053:I-275
933:cargo
899:from
790:Tampa
603:Tampa
571:algae
435:egret
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294:from
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2990:Palm
2965:East
2933:Bays
2824:Lutz
2618:2015
2557:2015
2506:2015
2480:2015
2454:2015
2424:2015
2393:2015
2332:2015
2302:2015
2276:2015
2246:2022
2220:2022
2194:2022
2168:2022
2142:2022
2119:2009
2093:2023
2062:2009
2036:2009
2010:2009
1984:2009
1956:ISBN
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1834:2015
1808:2015
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