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437:. The plant damages wetland ecosystems, harming endangered species. The ferns ability to grow up and over trees and shrubs and to form dense horizontal canopies allows it to cover whole communities of plants, reducing native plant diversity. Old World climbing fern can grow in many diverse ecosystems.
441:
poses problems for fires, both natural and man-made, because it can lead fire into the tree canopy, killing trees. The fern rapidly spread in South
Florida's public conservation lands.
467:) have been released in several state parks to control the fern. Although some populations were devastated by a bout of cold weather, recently, reports of new activity have been made.
672:
Volin, John C.; Kruger, Eric L.; Volin, Valeria C.; Tobin, Michael F.; Kitajima, Kaoru (2009). "Does release from natural belowground enemies help explain the invasiveness of
825:
Soti, Pushpa G.; Jayachandran, Krish; Koptur, Suzanne; Volin, John C. (2015). "Effect of soil pH on growth, nutrient uptake, and mycorrhizal colonization in exotic invasive
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Pemberton, Robert W.; Ferriter, Amy P. (1998). "Old World
Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum), a Dangerous Invasive Weed in Florida".
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Absorption and
Translocation of Glyphosate, Metsulfuron, and Triclopyr in Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum)
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and
Australia. It is an invasive weed in Florida where it invades open forest and wetland areas. The
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984:( Lepidoptera: Crambidae) herbivory results in frond and rhizome mortality of the invasive fern
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Jeffrey T. Hutchinson, Kenneth A. Langeland, Gregory E. MacDonald and Robert Querns, 2010;
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is native to much of tropical Africa and South Africa; tropical Asia, including China,
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NatureServe
Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer
449:
Recently, the USDA approved the use of insects to keep the fern contained. Insects (
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Underside of spore-bearing leaflets, some leaflets produce spores; others do not.
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Rayamajhi, Min B; Pratt, Paul D; Leidi, Jorge; Center, Ted D (December 2014).
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1177:. Lists general information and resources for Old World Climbing Fern.
365:) is a climbing fern originating in tropical Africa, Southeast Asia,
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1466:
1212:
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1339:
378:
124:
897:
Smith, Melissa C; Lake; Pratt; Boughton; Pumberton (June 2014).
157:
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1216:
1115:
58:2, 118-125 Online publication date : 1-Apr-2010 (
1038:. Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
1672:
1225:
959:. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
1196:"Killer fern overruns refuge; agencies fight back"
875:. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden
1173:, National Invasive Species Information Center,
899:"Current status of the biological control agent
433:causes problems in the environments where it is
944:
942:
8:
801:"Global Fire Initiative: Fire and Invasives"
627:), this species name was published first in
1175:United States National Agricultural Library
1167:Species Profile - Old World Climbing Fern (
1213:
239:
88:
66:
42:
31:
1185:), a Dangerous Invasive Weed in Florida,"
1003:
922:
892:
890:
803:. The Nature Conservancy. Archived from
718:, was first described and published in
907:(Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae) in Florida"
743:United States Department of Agriculture
734:Germplasm Resources Information Network
652:United States Department of Agriculture
643:Germplasm Resources Information Network
615:
613:
611:
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601:
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1894:Taxa named by Antonio José Cavanilles
950:"Weed alert: Old World climbing fern"
7:
505:fibers (as well as other species of
1814:IUCN Red List least concern species
676:? A cross-continental comparison".
546:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1765:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17233430-1
1623:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17143140-1
584:. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe
25:
1884:Flora of the Northwestern Pacific
720:Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum
629:Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae
373:was collected in the vicinity of
1194:Fleshler, David (15 June 2018).
515:, are used to weave traditional
111:
572:NatureServe (3 November 2023).
400:of Japan; Australia; Fiji, the
349:(commonly known as, variously,
1:
903:(Lepidoptera: Crambidae), on
739:Agricultural Research Service
648:Agricultural Research Service
619: Under its treatment as
722:6: 76, pl. 595, f. 2. 1801.
1879:Flora of the Ryukyu Islands
982:Austromusotima camptozonale
452:Austromusotima camptozonale
1910:
1819:NatureServe secure species
1181:"Old World Climbing Fern (
1059:Salakot and Other Headgear
988:(Schizaeles: Lygodiaceae)"
901:Neomusotima conspurcatalis
458:Neomusotima conspurcatalis
426:Effects on the environment
843:10.1007/s11258-015-0484-6
780:Missouri Botanical Garden
690:10.1007/s11258-009-9700-6
519:hats in the Philippines.
478:has been used locally in
259:
252:
247:
238:
216:
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108:Scientific classification
106:
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55:
50:
41:
34:
1844:Plants described in 1801
359:small-leaf climbing fern
351:climbing maidenhair fern
535:Irudayaraj, V. (2011).
486:ailments and problems,
355:Old World climbing fern
18:Old World climbing fern
1854:Flora of tropical Asia
623:(from its basionym of
381:in the Philippines by
317:Ophioglossum filiforme
1558:Lygodium~microphyllum
1379:Lygodium microphyllum
1257:Lygodium microphyllum
1227:Lygodium microphyllum
1188:American Fern Journal
1183:Lygodium microphyllum
1169:Lygodium microphyllum
1132:American Fern Journal
1034:Lygodium microphyllum
986:Lygodium microphyllum
905:Lygodium microphyllum
827:Lygodium microphyllum
776:Saint Louis, Missouri
674:Lygodium microphyllum
636:Lygodium microphyllum
621:Lygodium microphyllum
576:Lygodium microphyllum
539:Lygodium microphyllum
503:Lygodium microphyllum
476:Lygodium microphyllum
439:Lygodium microphyllum
431:Lygodium microphyllum
418:in the Caribbean and
412:Lygodium microphyllum
394:Lygodium microphyllum
346:Lygodium microphyllum
220:Lygodium microphyllum
36:Lygodium microphyllum
1839:Ferns of Australasia
1190:Vol. 88 No. 4 (1998)
1005:10.1653/024.097.0405
992:Florida Entomologist
924:10.1653/024.097.0268
911:Florida Entomologist
716:L. microphyllum
248:Global distribution
202:L. microphyllum
553:: e.T194153A8883960
464:Floracarus perrepae
377:, on the island of
58:Conservation status
1859:Flora of Australia
714:, the basionym of
1801:
1800:
1674:Ugena microphylla
1579:Open Tree of Life
1219:Taxon identifiers
1065:. ICHCAP, UNESCO.
867:Ugena microphylla
766:Ugena microphylla
727:Ugena microphylla
712:Ugena microphylla
625:Ugena microphylla
342:
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1036:(SCHIZAEACEAE)"
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1527:NatureServe
1439:iNaturalist
1251:Wikispecies
1042:November 2,
879:November 2,
785:November 2,
748:November 2,
657:November 2,
631:162. 1810.
588:26 November
471:Ethnobotany
445:Containment
416:naturalized
414:has become
292:intermedium
178:Lygodiaceae
168:Schizaeales
98:NatureServe
1808:Categories
1752:17233430-1
1592:Plant List
1467:17143140-1
1205:2020-05-11
811:2008-12-12
684:(2): 223.
557:8 November
523:References
498:Other uses
363:snake fern
144:Division:
1689:Q38235408
1392:233500763
1366:233500763
1348:FloraBase
1301:407-1-1-3
1152:0002-8444
1081:(PROSEA)"
957:myFWC.com
492:dysentery
482:to treat
367:Melanesia
196:Species:
121:Kingdom:
1824:Lygodium
1778:26605865
1773:Tropicos
1683:Wikidata
1649:26602849
1644:Tropicos
1553:NSWFlora
1532:2.142044
1480:11097431
1242:Q5235063
1236:Wikidata
1117:abstract
1085:Pl@ntUse
1079:Lygodium
1014:24364092
933:24362579
873:Tropicos
865:"Name -
851:17894584
772:Tropicos
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698:38267539
508:Lygodium
488:swelling
435:invasive
383:Luis Née
334:basionym
254:Synonyms
189:Lygodium
174:Family:
78:IUCN 3.1
1726:3744382
1566:NTFlora
1405:2650435
1160:1547769
1090:3 March
517:salakot
311:Luerss.
309:(Cav.)
184:Genus:
164:Order:
154:Class:
125:Plantae
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1697:APDB:
1636:2564-3
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1451:IPA:
1374:FoAO2
1340:LYFMI
1314:3WQ88
1156:JSTOR
1063:(PDF)
1010:JSTOR
953:(PDF)
929:JSTOR
847:S2CID
694:S2CID
379:Luzon
375:Nabúa
361:, or
321:Roxb.
304:var.
290:var.
267:auct.
232:R.Br.
132:Clade
1760:POWO
1747:IPNI
1734:GRIN
1721:GBIF
1708:APNI
1618:POWO
1610:LYMI
1571:5402
1540:NCBI
1514:IUCN
1501:ITIS
1462:IPNI
1454:3046
1426:GRIN
1413:GISD
1400:GBIF
1335:EPPO
1286:APNI
1268:1638
1148:ISSN
1092:2020
1044:2011
965:2020
881:2011
869:Cav"
787:2011
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659:2011
590:2023
559:2022
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513:nito
490:and
484:skin
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1786:WFO
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1488:ISC
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