33:
46:
32:
264:
is a unicellular organism. Cells are rounded or pear-shaped, flattened and curved somewhat inwards. The cell membrane is covered in scales, fibrils, and bead-shaped protrusions; just underneat the
272:: one leads in front of the cell and is somewhat longer than the cell body, while the other trails behind and is equal in length to slightly shorter than the cell body. When swimming,
1407:
1091:
Inouye I, Hara Y, Chihara M (1992). "Further observations on
Olisthodiscus luteus (Raphidophyceae, Chromophyta): the flagellar apparatus ultrastructure".
1006:
Hara Y, Inouye I, Chihara M (1985). "Morphology and ultrastructure of
Olisthodiscus luteus (Raphidophyceae) with special reference to the taxonomy".
1297:
1215:
399:
appeared as a branch outside
Raphidophyceae or any other described ochrophyte class. Because of this, in 2013 it was assigned to a new subclass
384:
in
Raphidophyceae. A thesis from 1999 proposed Olisthodiscophyceae as a separate class for the first time, but it was never published in a
249:. After a long history of controversial classifications, in 2021 it was recognized as a phylogenetically distinct lineage from the rest of
912:
Dovilė Barcytė; Wenche Eikrem; Anette
Engesmo; Sergio Seoane; Jens Wohlmann; Aleš Horák; Tatiana Yurchenko; Marek Eliáš (2 March 2021).
1310:
1241:
1440:
380:
than to raphidophytes. Despite the differences, a revision in 1992 did not accept these arguments and preferred to maintain
1220:
45:
1412:
1435:
372:
and had a yellowish colour; additionally, it was observed that the flagellar root system was more similar to
797:
851:
832:
214:
1155:
841:
803:
791:
207:
815:
385:
1288:
1315:
1357:
1246:
809:
1371:
400:
392:
328:
293:
421:
1193:
1073:
1056:
Vesk M, Moestrup O (1987). "The flagellar root system in
Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae)".
1023:
988:
40:
1228:
1202:
1135:
980:
945:
734:
675:
469:
320:
289:
1233:
1127:
1065:
1015:
972:
935:
925:
695:
506:
412:
265:
654:
554:
437:
and proved it is a separate phylogenetic lineage. It was then placed in its own class,
408:
361:
305:
83:
70:
1110:
Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Scoble, Josephine
Margaret (2013). "Phylogeny of Heterokonta:
1429:
992:
710:
576:
491:
353:
1027:
1398:
1342:
1273:
1207:
1077:
591:
404:
181:
96:
1178:
1351:
1282:
1187:
963:
Graf L, Yoon HS (2021). "Olisthodiscophyceae, the 17th heterokont algal class".
377:
373:
1131:
448:
250:
231:
116:
1366:
1118:(Nanomonadea), and evidence that Actinophryida evolved from raphidophytes".
823:
416:
369:
57:
1139:
984:
949:
433:
from this organism it could not be confirmed. In 2021 a study investigated
237:, present in marine or brackish waters. It is the only genus in the family
1392:
1336:
1267:
1172:
324:
281:
269:
1302:
364:. However, publications from 1980 to 1992 noted the differences between
1069:
1019:
940:
277:
106:
976:
930:
913:
1149:
830:
as its only species, until 2021, when a new species was described:
297:
234:
878:
Carter N (1937). "New or interesting algae from brackish water".
356:. In 1985, a study of the ultrastructure of a Japanese strain of
159:
Cavalier-Smith, 2013 emend. Barcytė, Eikrem & M. Eliáš, 2021
145:
Cavalier-Smith, 2013 emend. Barcytė, Eikrem & M. Eliáš, 2021
1153:
430:
360:
concluded that it would be more appropriately placed in the
296:. However, it has a colored globule which is similar to
276:
glides along a substrate and does not rotate. Multiple
280:
are present, and are parietally located; they contain
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
914:"Olisthodiscus represents a new class of Ochrophyta"
795:, two other species were added in the 20th century:
1382:
1326:
1257:
1162:
807:, which were later recognized as conspecific with
368:and other raphidophytes, since it lacked ejectile
789:Apart from the type species described in 1937,
873:
871:
8:
1114:, a uniciliate gliding opalozoan related to
1150:
31:
20:
939:
929:
867:
1045:, AiO Tryk as, Odense, pp. 216 pp
268:are numerous vesicles. Cells have two
319:reproduces asexually by longitudinal
7:
856:Barcytė, Eikrem & M. Eliáš, 2021
419:of this class. It was proposed that
415:, although with low support for the
300:-storing vacuoles of other species.
131:Barcytė, Eikrem & M. Eliáš, 2021
688:
681:
632:
625:
569:
547:
539:
484:
462:
454:
444:
1043:Algae: A taxonomic survey. Fasc. 1
425:belonged to this class along with
14:
1120:European Journal of Protistology
44:
393:molecular phylogenetic analyses
348:After its description in 1937,
1:
819:respectively. This rendered
1457:
1132:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.09.002
732:
708:
693:
686:
679:
652:
637:
630:
623:
589:
574:
567:
552:
545:
537:
504:
489:
482:
467:
460:
452:
331:has not been observed in
203:
198:
187:
180:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
16:Class of heterokont algae
1441:Taxa described in 1937
1041:Christensen T (1980),
852:Olisthodiscus tomasii
429:, but due to lack of
386:peer-reviewed journal
215:Olisthodiscus tomasii
965:Journal of Phycology
918:Journal of Phycology
842:Olisthodiscus luteus
810:Heterosigma akashiwo
792:Olisthodiscus luteus
294:contractile vacuoles
208:Olisthodiscus luteus
189:Olisthodiscus luteus
1384:Olisthodiscophyceae
640:Olisthodiscophyceae
439:Olisthodiscophyceae
344:History of taxonomy
329:Sexual reproduction
323:. It also produces
247:Olisthodiscophyceae
127:Olisthodiscophyceae
1112:Incisomonas marina
1070:10.1007/BF01281173
1020:10.1007/BF02488775
816:Chattonella marina
1436:Ochrophyte genera
1423:
1422:
1229:Open Tree of Life
1156:Taxon identifiers
1008:Bot. Mag. (Tokyo)
977:10.1111/jpy.13184
931:10.1111/jpy.13155
880:Arch. Protistenkd
781:
780:
772:
771:
763:
762:
754:
753:
745:
744:
735:Eustigmatophyceae
721:
720:
665:
664:
611:
610:
602:
601:
526:
525:
517:
516:
470:Bacillariophyceae
403:as part of class
223:
222:
176:
160:
146:
132:
1448:
1416:
1415:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1375:
1374:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1319:
1318:
1306:
1305:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1289:Olisthodiscaceae
1278:
1277:
1276:
1259:Olisthodiscaceae
1250:
1249:
1237:
1236:
1224:
1223:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1151:
1144:
1143:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1003:
997:
996:
971:(4): 1091–1093.
960:
954:
953:
943:
933:
924:(4): 1094–1118.
909:
888:
887:
875:
857:
847:
696:Synchromophyceae
689:
682:
633:
626:
570:
548:
540:
507:Dictyochophyceae
485:
463:
455:
445:
391:With the use of
245:, and the class
239:Olisthodiscaceae
174:
158:
155:Olisthodiscaceae
144:
130:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1411:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1358:Olisthodiscales
1356:
1355:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1328:Olisthodiscales
1322:
1314:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1158:
1148:
1147:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1005:
1004:
1000:
962:
961:
957:
911:
910:
891:
877:
876:
869:
864:
855:
845:
787:
782:
773:
764:
755:
746:
722:
666:
612:
603:
527:
518:
346:
341:
314:
266:plasma membrane
259:
243:Olisthodiscales
194:
191:
173:
157:
143:
141:Olisthodiscales
129:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1454:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1404:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1363:
1348:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1307:
1294:
1279:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1238:
1225:
1212:
1199:
1184:
1168:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1126:(3): 328–353.
1102:
1093:Jap. J. Phycol
1083:
1048:
1033:
1014:(3): 251–262.
998:
955:
889:
866:
865:
863:
860:
859:
858:
848:
786:
783:
779:
778:
775:
774:
770:
769:
766:
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761:
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756:
752:
751:
748:
747:
743:
742:
739:
738:
731:
728:
727:
724:
723:
719:
718:
715:
714:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
692:
687:
685:
680:
678:
672:
671:
668:
667:
663:
662:
659:
658:
655:Pinguiophyceae
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:
636:
631:
629:
624:
622:
618:
617:
614:
613:
609:
608:
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596:
595:
588:
585:
584:
581:
580:
573:
568:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
555:Raphidophyceae
551:
546:
544:
538:
536:
533:
532:
529:
528:
524:
523:
520:
519:
515:
514:
511:
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495:
488:
483:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
466:
461:
459:
453:
451:
443:
362:Raphidophyceae
352:was placed in
345:
342:
340:
337:
313:
310:
258:
255:
230:is a genus of
221:
220:
219:
218:
211:
201:
200:
196:
195:
192:
185:
184:
178:
177:
166:
162:
161:
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148:
147:
138:
134:
133:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
81:
74:
73:
71:Diaphoretickes
68:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1453:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1194:Olisthodiscus
1189:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1164:Olisthodiscus
1161:
1157:
1152:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1002:
999:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:
956:
951:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
923:
919:
915:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
890:
885:
881:
874:
872:
868:
861:
854:
853:
849:
844:
843:
839:
838:
837:
835:
834:
829:
825:
822:
821:Olisthodiscus
818:
817:
812:
811:
806:
805:
800:
799:
794:
793:
784:
777:
776:
768:
767:
759:
758:
750:
749:
741:
740:
737:
736:
730:
729:
726:
725:
717:
716:
713:
712:
711:Chrysophyceae
706:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
691:
690:
684:
683:
677:
674:
673:
670:
669:
661:
660:
657:
656:
650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
635:
634:
628:
627:
620:
619:
616:
615:
607:
606:
598:
597:
594:
593:
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
577:Xanthophyceae
572:
571:
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
550:
549:
542:
541:
535:
534:
531:
530:
522:
521:
513:
512:
509:
508:
502:
501:
498:
497:
494:
493:
492:Pelagophyceae
487:
486:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
465:
464:
457:
456:
450:
447:
446:
442:
440:
436:
435:Olisthodiscus
432:
431:DNA sequences
428:
427:Olisthodiscus
424:
423:
418:
414:
410:
407:, along with
406:
402:
401:Sulcophycidae
398:
397:Olisthodiscus
394:
389:
387:
383:
382:Olisthodiscus
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:Olisthodiscus
363:
359:
358:Olisthodiscus
355:
354:Xanthophyceae
351:
350:Olisthodiscus
343:
338:
336:
334:
333:Olisthodiscus
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:Olisthodiscus
311:
309:
307:
303:
302:Olisthodiscus
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:Olisthodiscus
283:
279:
275:
274:Olisthodiscus
271:
267:
263:
262:Olisthodiscus
256:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:
229:
228:
227:Olisthodiscus
217:
216:
212:
210:
209:
205:
204:
202:
197:
190:
186:
183:
179:
172:
171:
170:Olisthodiscus
167:
164:
163:
156:
153:
150:
149:
142:
139:
136:
135:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
97:Stramenopiles
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
25:Olisthodiscus
22:
19:
1383:
1327:
1258:
1163:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1042:
1036:
1011:
1007:
1001:
968:
964:
958:
921:
917:
883:
879:
850:
846:Carter, 1937
840:
831:
827:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
788:
733:
709:
694:
653:
639:
638:
592:Phaeophyceae
590:
575:
553:
505:
490:
468:
438:
434:
426:
422:Sulcochrysis
420:
413:dictyophytes
409:pelagophytes
405:Hypogyristea
396:
390:
381:
374:chrysophytes
365:
357:
349:
347:
332:
316:
315:
312:Reproduction
304:can produce
301:
285:
273:
261:
260:
246:
242:
241:, the order
238:
226:
225:
224:
213:
206:
188:
182:Type species
169:
168:
154:
140:
126:
117:Ochrophytina
90:
77:
64:
24:
18:
1352:Wikispecies
1283:Wikispecies
1188:Wikispecies
1058:Protoplasma
941:10852/86515
798:O. carterae
378:brown algae
339:Systematics
257:Description
193:Carter 1937
175:Carter 1937
113:Subphylum:
1430:Categories
1399:Q111210859
1343:Q111210858
1274:Q111210857
1116:Solenicola
1099:: 333–348.
862:References
833:O. tomasii
449:Ochrophyta
370:organelles
251:ochrophyte
232:heterokont
1367:AlgaeBase
1179:Q25367492
1064:: 15–28.
993:236175098
828:O. luteus
824:monotypic
804:O. magnus
417:monophyly
325:zoospores
282:pyrenoids
253:classes.
58:Eukaryota
1393:Wikidata
1337:Wikidata
1303:11216055
1268:Wikidata
1173:Wikidata
1140:23219323
1028:36485087
985:34289104
950:33655496
676:Limnista
290:eyespots
278:plastids
270:flagella
199:Species
151:Family:
103:Phylum:
54:Domain:
1413:2816457
1316:1652997
1234:4029492
1078:7993537
886:: 1–68.
826:, with
785:Species
321:fission
165:Genus:
137:Order:
123:Class:
107:Gyrista
1372:183824
1247:233763
1138:
1076:
1026:
991:
983:
948:
288:lacks
1311:WoRMS
1242:WoRMS
1208:7PN6D
1074:S2CID
1024:S2CID
989:S2CID
458:SIII
306:cysts
298:lipid
235:algae
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
1408:NCBI
1298:GBIF
1221:1903
1216:ITIS
1136:PMID
981:PMID
946:PMID
813:and
801:and
621:SII
411:and
376:and
1203:CoL
1128:doi
1066:doi
1062:137
1016:doi
973:doi
936:hdl
926:doi
543:SI
292:or
84:SAR
1432::
1410::
1395::
1369::
1354::
1339::
1313::
1300::
1285::
1270::
1244::
1231::
1218::
1205::
1190::
1175::
1134:.
1124:49
1122:.
1097:40
1095:.
1072:.
1060:.
1022:.
1012:98
1010:.
987:.
979:.
969:57
967:.
944:.
934:.
922:57
920:.
916:.
892:^
884:90
882:.
870:^
836:.
441:.
395:,
388:.
335:.
327:.
308:.
284:.
93::
80::
67::
1142:.
1130::
1080:.
1068::
1030:.
1018::
995:.
975::
952:.
938::
928::
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