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churches or through roads. All the blocks were kept to between one and four acres and the form of houses tightly controlled. The
Fitzhardinges had Bridge End at No. 1 Warrawee Avenue, where they built a spreading single-storey house and established "quite a famous garden". As well-to-do citizens of the Empire they followed London manners and taste: in a world of "lounge" rooms they kept to a drawing-room.
284:'Mrs C.E. Prell', born Caroline Ivy Chave, was the wife of Gundowringa grazier Charles Ernest Prell and president of the Goulburn CWA. Prell was a famous investor and ideas man for improving pastures and stock in dry country. There was a Prell Scheme for introducing young English migrants to the land. The Prells were friends of Olive's father, the Fitzhardinges and their daughter Prudence.
22:
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the bride, and Peggy Prell (Goulburn) ⌠At Bridge End, Warrawee ⌠a marquee was erected on the lawn for the wedding breakfast ⌠Mrs. Fitzhardinge received her guests wearing a gown of silver grey lace and a black velvet toque, and carrying a posy of shaded berries ⌠Among the guests were ⌠Mr. and Mrs. L. Bice (Inverell) , Lady David ⌠Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Prell (Goulburn) âŚ
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plants best suited to prewar gardens. Even to post-war enthusiasts
Fitzhardinge's roses seemed under-bred. For instance, 'Sirius' 1939, a dark red climber, was criticised for lack of vigor by those who still grew it. Moreover, nearly all her roses have very double flowers which in humid climates can rot before opening.
281:' (Zara Hore-Ruthven) was the wife of Lord Gowrie (later the Earl of Gowrie) who was in turn Governor of South Australia, Governor of New South Wales (1935â1936), and Governor-General of Australia. Convention required the Governor to be patron of the NSW Rose Society, and the Society to name a rose after his wife.
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173:(pr. ManDOOrama) on the Central Tablelands of NSW. Despite her intentions, Mrs Fitzhardinge bred no more roses, though she continued to grow them in "drought, many high winds, and mineralised water." She did experiment with breeding improved geraniums. She died in 1956. Her son Colin, married to the writer
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in 1931 she had bred 12 satisfactory roses in ten years, so it is possible that her rose breeding (as opposed to testing and registration) had been completed between 1921 and 1930. Certainly all the plant material she bred from had been released by 1921 (see the list of her rose parents below). She
154:
A gleaming golden girdle added a note of colour to the mediaeval gown of white velvet worn by Miss
Prudence Hardinge Fitzhardinge for her wedding last night to Mr. Bowen Bartlett Bryant, which took place at St. John's Church, Wahroonga ⌠the two bridesmaids, the Misses Jean Fitzhardinge , sister of
125:
ennobled by Henry II in the twelfth century. In 1909 she married Dr
Hardinge Clarence Fitzhardinge (1878â1958), a Macquarie Street dental surgeon. He was the son of M.A.H. Fitzhardinge, a prominent Sydney solicitor from the second generation of the well-known NSW legal family founded in the 1840s by
207:
Australia had no Plant
Breeder's Rights Act at that time. The only way to secure rights was to take out an overseas patent. Fitzhardinge is the only Australian breeder before the 1960s known to have done so, in her case an American patent on 'Warrawee.' To that extent she had commercial ambitions
137:
21 km northwest of Sydney. As all North Shore suburbs with aboriginal names, Warrawee was the name of a railway station which became attached to the surrounding suburb. Warrawee had developed in the 1900s as an exclusive residential district with no shops, offices, post office, public school,
222:
But the predicted commercial triumph of her roses did not occur, though 'Warrawee' was introduced in
England and America in 1935. Her shrub roses had been modelled on 'Ophelia' as the ideal rose; after the war a shift in taste took place to roses modelled on 'Peace.' Her climbing roses were huge
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Olive
Fitzhardinge began to breed roses at Bridge End about 1920. Because she was wealthy and related to prominent people in the history of New South Wales, her activities as a rose breeder were unusually well reported. In fact society and rose-breeding themes were closely intertwined. The
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in
Turramurra after the Second World War. Olive Fitzhardinge described herself as an "amateur hybridiser" but behind a domestic facade she operated on a commercial scale. She knew people who ran big pasture and stock breeding businesses in country NSW and the Northern Territory.
185:
Fitzhardinge's roses were hybrid teas. She registered twelve between 1932 and 1939. Except for 'Beatrice
Berkeley' and 'Plain Jane' they were released for sale through Hazlewood Brothers' nursery. She was a friend of the Hazlewoods and of the rose breeders
72:(1881â1956) was an Australian rose breeder, the first to patent her work. Her four surviving roses are held in Australian collections. Her roses were well received in the 1930s but after the Second World War favoured styles of roses changed significantly.
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219:'Warrawee' especially received enthusiastic press notices, emphasising the ladylike quality of the rose, said to be due to its being bred by a lady. At the same time the rose was seen as an Australian nationalist venture into world markets.
84:, northern New South Wales. She was brought up in the country at Moree. She was the elder daughter of Colin James McMaster (1853â1930) and Sarah Ross (1855â1927). Her father was for twenty years Chief Commissioner and chairman of the
1750:"I was taken to Bridge End, Warrawee by Walter Hazlewood, where Mrs Fitzhardinge works out her problems with Rose crossing. I saw the new Rose, Warrawee, at a disadvantage, but it is obviously a very fine Rose of colour and petal."
715:
The
National Plant Collections Register of significant Australian rose cultivars is held by John Nieuwesteeg at Yellingbo, Victoria. It contains 'Lady Edgeworth David', 'Prudence' and 'Warrawee' but access is by application
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The Fitzhardinges had daughters Jean Mary Hardinge Dean (1910â2009) and Olive Prudence Bryant (1912â2001) and sons Colin Hardinge Fitzhardinge (1914â1998) and Brian Forbes Fitzhardinge, who died at fourteen in 1932.
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The Sydney phone directory for 1923 shows Mrs Fitzhardinge's parents living across the railway line in Heydon Avenue, her sister Dorothy Jean, Mrs C.W.D. Conacher just behind her house at Crona in Pibrac
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Ten years after her death, her roses had nearly been forgotten. The Australian registrar of roses and president of the National Rose Society of Victoria was A.S. Thomas. The 1967 edition of his
229:, a fellow member of the NSW Rose Society, had more success in between-wars overseas markets with his 'Salmon Spray' and 'Golden Dawn', a rose destined, like hers, to be outmoded by 'Peace'.
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The present two-storey house at Bridge End was built in 1939, so was not built by the Fitzhardinges. The eastern half-acre of their block has been hived off to form another property.
1845:(retrieved from Trove 6 April 2012) gives the flavour and scotches any simple idea of prejudice against her. That is a late article, but it recycles material that appeared in the
310:'Lady Edgeworth David' was Caroline Martha (Cara) Mallett (1856-1951), a prominent social campaigner, the wife of Sir Edgeworth David and a personal friend of the Fitzhardinges.
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The Fitzhardinges of Warrawee disappear from the Sydney phone directory for 1937 but reappear in the country phone directory for Mandurama as Fitzhardinge H.C. of Wongalong.
65:'Lubra' 1938; classic hybrid tea shape, red-black on the inside, crimson reverse, superb scent: the height of 1930s chic. In the Centenary Rose Garden at Morwell, Victoria.
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on 16 May 1934 reported the wedding of the Fitzhardinges' daughter. Five of Mrs Fitzhardinge's 12 roses were named after those present, six if one includes 'Warrawee'.
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The opening of memorial gates at Knox Grammar in memory of her son, Brian is the only known occasion on which Mrs Fitzhardinge's photo appeared in the press:
287:'Lubra' does not refer to any particular aboriginal maiden. The name alludes to its being a darker and more elegant descendant of Alister Clark's 'Black Boy.'
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33:'Lady Edgeworth David' 1939, Fitzhardinge's palest pink hybrid tea named after her friend and Warrawee neighbour. Photographed at Maddingley Park, Victoria.
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25:'Warrawee' 1932, a pink hybrid tea with good scent, flowering all season. Photographed in autumn at the State Rose Garden, Werribee Park, Victoria.
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p.263: "The boom years of rose popularity in the 1950s and 1960s can single-handedly be attributed to 'Mme A. Meilland'", that is to 'Peace.'
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interiors furnished with old things and lit with tallow candles in medieval candlesticks. Exteriors would show the luxuriant informality of
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1340:, attended by the Fitzhardinge boys, was founded at Earlston, a Warrawee property across the railway line, in 1923, senior school 1924.
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The National Rose Collection created by David Ruston at Renmark in South Australia has 'Warrawee,' 'Lady Edgeworth David' and 'Lubra.'
85:
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W.G.A. Fitzhardinge had nine sons, five of them NSW lawyers. He was a descendant of the Earls of Berkeley and of Earl Fitzhardinge.
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166:(where her daughters were pupils) and many of the majestic tree groupings at the Avondale Golf Club (where she was a member).
37:
1806:
270:' (later Admiral Bligh) was an early governor of New South Wales (1806â1808) after he became the object of mutiny on HMS
253:'Beatrice Berkeley' had an unknown dedicatee. But the Fitzhardinges were interconnected with the Berkeley family and the
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118:. Later Olive was to breed roses to look well in candlelight. Her second daughter was married in a "mediaeval gown".
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She and her sister Dorothy Jean (1884â1966), later Mrs C.W.D. Conacher of Crona, Warrawee, were influenced by the
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1357:. State Library of NSW, compiled for the Upper North Shore Architects' Network and the Institute of Architects
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prints a list of eighty "highly prized cultivars" from Australia and New Zealand. Twenty of them are roses by
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Joseph Beresford Grant, who had used his money to guarantee the exclusiveness of Warrawee, was also a guest.
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for some years but in 1917 bought 1.5 acres (0.61 ha) with a northerly aspect and good volcanic soil at
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In 1937 Dr Fitzhardinge, Olive and their surviving son moved to Wongalong, a sheep and cattle property at
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759:"Ruston's Roses - Australia's Largest Rose Garden and home to the National Rose Collection of Australia"
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49:'Prudence' 1938. Ever-flowering climber named after Fitzhardinge's second daughter. Damask scent.
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1969:
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263:'Warrawee' was the name of the sequestered suburb and society in which the Fitzhardinges lived.
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818:
Presbyterian Ladies' College Croydon archive, thanks to Debby Cramer, supplied 16 April 2012.
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2010:
1035:. National Library of Australia. 24 January 1935. p. 17 Supplement: Women's Supplement
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982:. National Library of Australia. 12 July 1934. p. 17 Supplement: Women's Supplement
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It lent depth to Olive's interest that she married into a pre-Conquest, west of England
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Mrs Fitzhardinge planted many trees in public spaces, including the long avenue of the
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for 1932 of at least six other roses, all unnamed and unregistered. None has survived.
692:
at Maddingley Park, Bacchus Marsh, Victoria has 'Warrawee' and 'Lady Edgeworth David'.
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106:. They collected medieval objects, dress fabrics and tapestry. They cultivated quiet
260:'Kitty Bice' was Catherine, Mrs Luke Bice, an Inverell friend of Olive Fitzhardinge.
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bred twenty thousand seedlings in ten years, ten times the average number bred by
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at Werribee Park has 'Warrawee', 'Lady Edgeworth David', 'Lubra' and 'Prudence'.
103:
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177:, inherited Wongalong and her rose 'Warrawee' was still growing there in 1980.
21:
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Pymble Ladies College archive, thanks to Kim Collins, supplied 26 April 2012.
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170:
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The arts and crafts country house : from the archives of Country Life
712:
The Europas-Rosarium at Sangerhausen in north east Germany has 'Warrawee.'
695:
The Morwell Centenary Rose garden in Gippsland has 'Warrawee' and 'Lubra.'
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2063:, substantially due to Patricia Routley of Heritage Roses in Australia.
1699:. Mackay, Qld.: National Library of Australia. 25 March 1938. p. 9
1478:
Robert Bolton and Elizabeth Thurston, "A country to write home about",
307:, flagship of the First Fleet sent to colonise New South Wales in 1787.
2992:
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2396:
1081:. NSW: National Library of Australia. 11 November 1908. p. 1258
904:
Bryant, Olive Prudence (Mrs Fitzhardinge's second daughter) (1980).
88:, which administered land leases in the whole western third of NSW.
91:
Olive was educated by a governess at home and boarded 1897â1898 at
3081:
300:, the first governor (1787â1792) of the colony of New South Wales.
60:
52:
44:
36:
28:
20:
1405:. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 18 March 1924. p. 2
1114:. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 7 December 1942. p. 4
3002:
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1950:. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 11 May 1952. p. 8
766:
2930:
1998:(fifth ed.). Sydney: Angus and Robertson. pp. 90â91.
1805:
C. E. Prell had 7000 acres near Goulburn. Her brother-in-law,
1070:
See the photo captioned "A Picturesque Corner of Warrawee" in
1676:
Mrs O. R. Fitzthardinge, Mandurama, "'New GardenâNew Roses."
1658:. NSW: National Library of Australia. 9 April 1943. p. 3
1323:
Kuring-Gai Potential Heritage Conservation Areas North Review
733:
Mrs O. R. Fitzthardinge, Mandurama, "'New GardenâNew Roses."
954:. National Library of Australia. 31 December 1937. p. 6
839:
Australian roses : roses and rose breeders of Australia
698:
The Roseto Carla Fineschi near Arezzo, Italy has 'Warrawee.'
41:
Elegant detail: thorns and leaves of 'Lady Edgeworth David'.
3442:
People educated at the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney
1822:
Plant breeders' rights did not exist in Australia till the
1776:
Barnes, Dave (January 1959). "Gold medal for Titian rose".
1791:
Fitzhardinge, Mrs O .R. (1932). "Amateur hybridisation".
244:. Only 'Lubra' and 'Warrawee' are by Olive Fitzhardinge.
293:'Plain Jane' was probably her first daughter, Jean Mary.
1149:. National Library of Australia. 16 May 1934. p. 7
1744:
Clark, Alister (1932). "Rose Rambles in New Zealand".
879:
Note the surname's spelling as McMaster not MacMaster.
57:
Elegant detail: thorns and leaves of 'Prudence', 1938.
1871:
The Royal Horticultural Society encyclopedia of roses
3273:
3210:
3177:
2939:
2482:
2347:
1268:"Rowed to Work: Mr MH Fitzhardinge's reminiscences"
1242:"Fitzhardinge, William George Augustus (1810â1884)"
841:. Hawthorn, Vic.: Bloomings Books. pp. 25â26.
2037:"David, Sir Tannatt William Edgeworth (1858â1934)"
726:Mrs O. R. Fitzthardinge, "Amateur hybridisation."
290:'Prudence' was Mrs Fitzhardinge's second daughter.
935:Text kindly supplied by Patricia Routley of HRIA.
2061:Help Me Find Roses entry for Fitzhardinge, Olive
1534:
1532:
2321:
8:
3197:List of organic gardening and farming topics
1717:Online BDM records for NSW for the death of
787:BDM records for NSW online for the birth of
1869:Quest-Ritson, Charles & Brigid (2003).
1573:
1571:
1569:
1552:
1550:
1054:Jekyll, Gertrude and Edward Mawley (1902).
2328:
2314:
2306:
1473:
1471:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1078:Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser
709:, 8 km south of Paris has 'Warrawee'.
329:
2041:Australian Dictionary of Biography online
2015:Australian Dictionary of Biography online
1771:
1769:
1246:Australian Dictionary of Biography online
1425:"NSW BMD record for Jean M Fitzhardinge"
1317:
1315:
1313:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
753:
751:
80:Olive Rose McMaster was born in 1881 at
1447:NSW BDM records for Bryant-Fitzhardinge
1293:Thorne, Les G; Jillett, Leslie (1968),
1060:(First ed.). London: Country Life.
747:
2035:Branagan, D. F. & T. G. Vallance.
1922:
1911:
1402:Country Life Stock and Station Journal
1296:North Shore, Sydney from 1788 to today
1100:
1098:
1096:
926:
915:
1437:Ryerson Index accessed 26 April 2012.
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
814:
812:
93:Presbyterian Ladies' College, Croydon
7:
3382:
1526:, retrieved from Trove 7 April 2012.
1465:Ryerson Index accessed 26 April 2012
1169:FitzhardingeâMacMaster marriage 1909
3447:Women horticulturists and gardeners
3394:
2011:"Prell, Charles Ernest (1865â1946)"
1215:"Obituary: Mr. M.A.H. Fitzhardinge"
802:Australian Town and Country Journal
1544:Retrieved from Trove 6 April 2012.
806:retrieved from Trove 6 April 2012.
585:Souvenir de Claudius Pernet (1920)
14:
2284:"Interview with John Nieuwesteeg"
1809:, was the Australian director of
3393:
3381:
3370:
3369:
3357:
1824:Plant Variety Rights Act of 1987
1106:"A Rose for Ladies â "Warrawee""
1005:. London: Aurum. pp. 7â32.
863:"C.J. McMaster: death announced"
721:Articles written by Fitzhardinge
690:Nieuwesteeg Heritage Rose Garden
208:for her work, unlike her friend
1873:. London: Dorling Kindersley.
1730:Mrs Fitzhardinge wrote in the
1:
3452:20th-century women scientists
2246:"'Lady Edgeworth David' Rose"
1850:, Thursday 11 June 1936 p.38.
1240:Fitzhardinge-Seton, Peter C.
1189:"Obituary: Mr. C.J. McMaster"
129:Hardinge and Olive lived at
3228:Index of pesticide articles
1759:Help Me Find reference for
1321:Paul Davis, November 2010,
906:Heritage Roses in Australia
673:Where the roses can be seen
481:Rev. F. Page-Roberts (1921)
426:Rev. F. Page-Roberts (1921)
102:, and through it Victorian
3468:
3437:Australian horticulturists
2372:Climate-friendly gardening
2075:"'Beatrice Berkeley' Rose"
1763:, retrieved 11 April 2012.
683:Victoria State Rose Garden
643:
617:
591:
565:
539:
513:
487:
461:
435:
409:
383:
357:
315:List of Fitzhardinge roses
3351:
3248:Plant disease forecasting
3202:Vegan organic agriculture
3052:Genetically modified tree
2227:"'Governor Phillip' Rose"
1841:Townsville Daily Bulletin
1721:, retrieved 7 April 2012.
1482:, 19 April 2003; obituary
1178:, retrieved 7 April 2012.
1167:BDM data for NSW online,
1146:The Sydney Morning Herald
1111:Townsville Daily Bulletin
1057:Roses for English Gardens
1032:The Sydney Morning Herald
979:The Sydney Morning Herald
951:The Sydney Morning Herald
791:, retrieved 7 April 2012.
257:from the twelfth century.
212:or North Shore successor
116:Roses for English Gardens
2170:"'Mrs. C.E. Prell' Rose"
1942:"Get Your Roses Planted"
1630:retrieved 15 April 2012.
1615:retrieved 10 April 2012.
1328:retrieved 16 April 2012.
703:Roseraie de Val-du-Marne
507:Black Boy (Clark) (1919)
478:Sunburst climbing (1914)
100:Arts and Crafts movement
1826:, replaced now by the
1719:Olive Rose Fitzhardinge
1563:retrieved 6 April 2012.
1452:2 February 2014 at the
1174:2 February 2014 at the
530:Gustav GrĂźnewald (1902)
452:Gustav GrĂźnewald (1902)
400:Ophelia climbing (1920)
296:'Governor Phillip' was
16:Australian rose breeder
3187:Biodynamic agriculture
3124:Postharvest physiology
3072:Landscape architecture
2769:Indonesian home garden
2113:"'Captain Bligh' Rose"
1898:Australian Rose Annual
1859:strikes the same note.
1793:Australian Rose Annual
1746:Australian Rose Annual
1732:Australian Rose Annual
1678:Australian Rose Annual
1542:, 30 January 1931 p.9.
1495:"Deaths: Fitzhardinge"
804:, 2 April 1898, p. 35.
735:Australian Rose Annual
728:Australian Rose Annual
637:Betty Uprichard (1920)
533:Betty Uprichard (1920)
455:Betty Uprichard (1920)
66:
58:
50:
42:
34:
26:
2434:Historic conservation
1994:Thomas, A.S. (1969).
1896:Bisdee, S.J. (1953).
1655:The Carcoar Chronicle
1626:Sydney Morning Herald
1611:31 March 2012 at the
1561:18 October 1932 p.10.
1559:Sydney Morning Herald
1540:Sydney Morning Herald
1522:Sydney Morning Herald
1499:Sydney Morning Herald
1480:Sydney Morning Herald
1367:See especially p. 27.
1299:, Angus and Robertson
1272:Sydney Morning Herald
1219:Sydney Morning Herald
1193:Sydney Morning Herald
1073:"The Season of Roses"
1001:Aslet, Clive (2011).
867:Sydney Morning Herald
196:Sydney Morning Herald
164:Pymble Ladies College
148:Sydney Morning Herald
126:W.G.A. Fitzhardinge.
64:
56:
48:
40:
32:
24:
3364:Gardening portal
3263:Aquamog weed remover
3238:List of insecticides
2132:"'Lady Gowrie' Rose"
1761:George Robert Knight
1524:, 16 June 1993, p.14
1397:"A Warrawee Meeting"
1352:"North Shore Houses"
789:Olive Rose MacMaster
763:www.rustonsroses.com
619:Lady Edgeworth David
403:Lady Waterlow (1902)
2189:"'Plain Jane' Rose"
2094:"'Kitty Bice' Rose"
1843:7 December 1942 p.4
1691:"Beautiful Gardens"
1326:"HCA 23 â Warrawee"
837:Cox, Peter (1999).
730:, 1932 p. 127.
86:Western Lands Board
3233:List of fungicides
2998:Companion planting
2290:on 2 December 2013
2269:www.helpmefind.com
2250:www.helpmefind.com
2231:www.helpmefind.com
2212:www.helpmefind.com
2193:www.helpmefind.com
2174:www.helpmefind.com
2155:www.helpmefind.com
2136:www.helpmefind.com
2117:www.helpmefind.com
2098:www.helpmefind.com
2079:www.helpmefind.com
1606:Avondale Golf Club
1584:www.helpmefind.com
1501:. 23 February 1932
737:, 1941 p. 58.
651:Hybrid tea climber
599:Hybrid tea climber
573:Hybrid tea climber
469:Hybrid tea climber
391:Hybrid tea climber
70:Olive Fitzhardinge
67:
59:
51:
43:
35:
27:
3409:
3408:
3281:Community orchard
3107:drought tolerance
2282:Kinsey, Melanie.
2208:"'Prudence' Rose"
1947:The Sunday Herald
1921:Missing or empty
1894:See for instance
1880:978-1-4053-3511-9
1857:5 April 1938 p.18
1628:11 June 1931 p.3.
1580:"'Warrawee' Rose"
925:Missing or empty
670:
669:
359:Beatrice Berkeley
305:HMS Sirius (1786)
242:Frank Riethmuller
214:Frank Riethmuller
201:Frank Riethmuller
3459:
3397:
3396:
3385:
3384:
3373:
3372:
3362:
3361:
3338:Plant collecting
3274:Related articles
3211:Plant protection
2392:French intensive
2330:
2323:
2316:
2307:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2286:. Archived from
2279:
2273:
2272:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1866:
1860:
1837:
1831:
1820:
1814:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1773:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1741:
1735:
1728:
1722:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1622:
1616:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1575:
1564:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1491:
1485:
1475:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1319:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1274:. 31 August 1935
1264:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1221:. 31 August 1935
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1185:
1179:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1137:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1102:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1023:
1017:
1016:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
970:
964:
963:
961:
959:
942:
936:
934:
928:
923:
921:
913:
901:
880:
878:
876:
874:
859:
853:
852:
834:
819:
816:
807:
798:
792:
785:
779:
778:
776:
774:
765:. Archived from
755:
625:Hybrid tea shrub
611:Black Boy (1919)
608:Ophelia seedling
593:Governor Phillip
547:Hybrid tea shrub
521:Hybrid tea shrub
495:Hybrid tea shrub
443:Hybrid tea shrub
417:Hybrid tea shrub
394:Dark bright pink
365:Hybrid tea shrub
330:
327:
326:
322:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3356:
3347:
3343:Turf management
3328:Lists of plants
3323:List of gardens
3269:
3206:
3173:
2935:
2485:
2478:
2343:
2334:
2304:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2265:"'Sirius' Rose"
2262:
2261:
2257:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1970:"Patrick Grant"
1968:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1920:
1910:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1838:
1834:
1821:
1817:
1807:C.W.D. Conacher
1804:
1800:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1758:
1754:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1729:
1725:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1623:
1619:
1613:Wayback Machine
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1577:
1576:
1567:
1555:
1548:
1537:
1530:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1454:Wayback Machine
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:Johnson, John.
1349:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1250:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1195:. 6 August 1930
1187:
1186:
1182:
1176:Wayback Machine
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1139:
1138:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1104:
1103:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1027:"Candle Sticks"
1025:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
983:
972:
971:
967:
957:
955:
944:
943:
939:
924:
914:
903:
902:
883:
872:
870:
869:. 5 August 1932
861:
860:
856:
849:
836:
835:
822:
817:
810:
799:
795:
786:
782:
772:
770:
757:
756:
749:
744:
723:
707:l'HaĂż-les-Roses
675:
582:Warrawee (1932)
328:
324:
320:
318:
317:
255:Barons Berkeley
250:
240:. Seven are by
194:. She told the
183:
112:Gertrude Jekyll
78:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3465:
3463:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3414:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3391:
3379:
3367:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3318:Garden tourism
3315:
3310:
3308:Groundskeeping
3305:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3097:free-flowering
3094:
3089:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2414:Groundskeeping
2411:
2410:
2409:
2407:computer-aided
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2301:
2274:
2255:
2236:
2217:
2198:
2179:
2160:
2151:"'Lubra' Rose"
2141:
2122:
2103:
2084:
2065:
2053:
2027:
2009:Webster, D.B.
2001:
1986:
1961:
1933:
1887:
1879:
1861:
1832:
1815:
1798:
1783:
1765:
1752:
1736:
1723:
1710:
1682:
1669:
1641:
1632:
1617:
1598:
1589:
1565:
1556:For instance,
1546:
1528:
1512:
1486:
1467:
1458:
1439:
1430:
1416:
1388:
1378:
1369:
1342:
1330:
1309:
1285:
1259:
1232:
1206:
1180:
1160:
1141:"White Velvet"
1125:
1092:
1063:
1046:
1018:
1011:
993:
974:"Tape&try"
965:
937:
881:
854:
847:
820:
808:
793:
780:
769:on 6 July 2010
746:
745:
743:
740:
739:
738:
731:
722:
719:
718:
717:
713:
710:
699:
696:
693:
686:
679:
674:
671:
668:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
642:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
628:Malmaison pink
626:
623:
620:
616:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
590:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
564:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
538:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
515:Mrs C.E. Prell
512:
511:
508:
505:
504:Ophelia (1912)
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
486:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
460:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
434:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
408:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
382:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
356:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
316:
313:
312:
311:
308:
301:
298:Arthur Phillip
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
275:
264:
261:
258:
249:
246:
182:
179:
157:
156:
131:Cremorne Point
77:
74:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3464:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3432:Rose breeders
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3402:
3401:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:Garden centre
3311:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3291:Floral design
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3157:reforestation
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:Intercropping
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3008:most valuable
3006:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2976:Arboriculture
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2569:Garden square
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:Ancient Egypt
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2402:Garden design
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2194:
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238:Alister Clark
235:
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227:Patrick Grant
224:
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210:Alister Clark
205:
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192:George Knight
189:
188:Alister Clark
181:Rose breeding
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3147:horticulture
3077:Olericulture
3057:Hydroculture
3047:Fruticulture
3025:Floriculture
2954:Permaculture
2941:Horticulture
2337:Horticulture
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2288:the original
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1995:
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1977:. Retrieved
1974:Help Me Find
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1945:
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1848:Western Mail
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767:the original
762:
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663:Lubra (1938)
429:Padre (1920)
377:Padre (1920)
374:Cupid (1914)
271:
234:Better Roses
233:
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206:
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184:
175:Joan Phipson
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108:Country Life
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3427:1956 deaths
3422:1881 births
3400:WikiProject
3169:Monoculture
3164:Viticulture
3142:agriculture
3102:propagation
3042:HĂźgelkultur
2964:sustainable
2949:Agriculture
2891:Therapeutic
2871:Shakespeare
2682:Renaissance
2474:Xeriscaping
2469:Sustainable
2464:Square foot
2454:Proplifting
2419:Garden tool
2387:Foodscaping
1954:28 February
1828:Act of 1994
1778:Your Garden
1650:"Mandurama"
657:Very double
576:Neyron pink
463:Lady Gowrie
449:Very double
397:Semi-double
348:Seed parent
279:Lady Gowrie
104:Medievalism
3416:Categories
3062:Indigenous
2959:stock-free
2931:Zoological
2811:Pollinator
2704:Greenhouse
2647:Sharawadgi
2635:Vietnamese
2596:East Asian
2504:Australian
2459:Raised bed
2424:Green wall
1303:14 October
1153:2 February
946:"Obituary"
742:References
654:Cherry red
541:Plain Jane
385:Kitty Bice
248:Rose names
3333:Perennial
3296:Floristry
3243:Pesticide
3223:Herbicide
3218:Fungicide
3112:hardiness
2876:Shrubbery
2856:Sculpture
2677:landscape
2606:Cantonese
2581:Container
2576:Community
2544:Byzantine
2539:Butterfly
2529:Botanical
2429:Guerrilla
2377:Community
2367:Butterfly
2362:Arboretum
2357:Allotment
2349:Gardening
2341:gardening
1906:1038-2801
1855:The Argus
1662:7 January
1409:7 January
1039:6 January
986:6 January
958:7 January
524:Red blend
345:Petallage
171:Mandurama
3376:Category
3286:Features
3192:Grafting
3152:forestry
3134:Tropical
3119:Pomology
3092:cuttings
3087:breeding
2921:Wildlife
2901:Tropical
2851:Scottish
2801:Pleasure
2789:Paradise
2784:Charbagh
2754:Monastic
2749:Medieval
2659:Floating
2613:Japanese
2564:Communal
2554:Colonial
2519:Biblical
2484:Types of
2449:Parterre
2046:25 April
2020:25 April
1609:Archived
1505:24 April
1450:Archived
1361:25 April
1278:24 April
1251:25 April
1225:24 April
1199:13 April
1172:Archived
773:12 March
660:Seedling
634:Seedling
602:Ruby red
567:Prudence
498:Dark red
411:Warrawee
274:in 1789.
135:Warrawee
82:Warialda
3388:Commons
3301:Ikebana
3253:Pruning
3179:Organic
3129:Roguing
3015:Cutting
2906:Victory
2881:Spanish
2861:Sensory
2806:Prairie
2774:Persian
2764:Orchard
2729:Kitchen
2724:Keyhole
2719:Italian
2714:Islamic
2709:Hanging
2668:French
2654:Fernery
2642:English
2601:Chinese
2586:Cottage
2514:Baroque
2486:gardens
2439:History
2294:1 March
1703:7 March
1386:Avenue.
1118:4 April
1085:1 March
912:(4): 2.
873:6 April
559:unknown
556:unknown
553:unknown
550:unknown
475:unknown
371:unknown
354:Extant
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3035:Taiwan
3030:Canada
2993:Botany
2986:Saikei
2981:Bonsai
2926:Winter
2911:Walled
2846:School
2841:Sacred
2796:Physic
2759:Mughal
2739:Market
2694:German
2672:formal
2664:Flower
2630:Korean
2549:Cactus
2534:Bottle
2494:Alpine
2444:Native
2397:Garden
2382:Forest
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527:Double
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2969:urban
2916:Water
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2591:Dutch
2559:Color
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666:Lost
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458:Lost
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2618:Roji
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1956:2015
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1875:ISBN
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843:ISBN
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510:Yes
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466:1938
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388:1932
362:1932
339:Type
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