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able to cling to its mother's fur by itself. By two weeks, the infant begins to explore its surroundings for short periods, but stays near her. The distance the infant spends away from its mother increases the older it gets. In general, higher-ranking females are usually more relaxed parents than females of lower rank, which usually keep their offspring close to them. This difference lasts for approximately the first eight weeks of an infant's life. Olive baboons do not seem to practise co-operative parenting, but a female may groom an infant that is not hers. Subadult and juvenile females are more likely to care for another's young, as they have not yet produced offspring of their own. One theory for why immature females tend to seek out infants is that they can prepare for their future roles as mothers. Infant baboons born to first-time mothers suffer higher mortality than those born to experienced mothers, which suggests that prior experience in caring for infants is important. Adult males in the groups also care for the infants, as they are likely to be related to them. Males groom infants, reducing the amount of parasites they may have, and calm them when they are stressed. They may also protect them from predators, such as chimpanzees. Adult males exploit infants and often use them as shields to reduce the likelihood that other males will threaten them.
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difficult to move and increases the female's chance of microbial or parasitic infection. Females with more swollen anogenital areas reproduce while younger, produce more offspring per year, and those offspring have a better chance of surviving. These females also attract more males, and are more likely to cause aggressive fights between them. Olive baboons tend to mate promiscuously. A male forms a mating consortship with an estrous female, staying close to and copulating with her. Males guard their partner against any other male trying to mate with her. Unless a female is in a multiday consortship, she often copulates with more than one male each day. Multiple copulations are not necessary for reproduction, but may function to make the actual paternity of the female's offspring ambiguous. This lack of paternal certainty could help reduce the occurrence of infanticide. Occasionally, male olive baboons monopolize a female for her entire period of probable conception. The male protects his female from being mated by other males during consortship.
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birds or humans they do not know are sighted. A "wa-hoo" call is made in response to predators or neighbouring groups at night and during stressful situations. Other vocalizations include "broken grunting" (low-volume, quick series of grunts made during relatively calm aggressive encounters), "pant-grunts" (made when aggressive encounters escalate), "shrill barks" (loud calls given when potential threats appear suddenly), and "screams" (continuous high-pitch sounds responding to strong emotions). The most common facial expression of the olive baboon is "lipsmacking", which is associated with a number of behaviours. "Ear flattening", "eyes narrowed", "head shaking", "jaw-clapping", lipsmacking, and "tongue protrusion" are used when baboons are greeting each other, and are sometimes made with a "rear present". "Eyebrow raising", "molar grinding", "staring", and "yawning" are used to threaten other baboons. A submissive baboon responds with displays such as the "fear grin", the "rigid crouch", and "tail erect".
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shorter intervals to infants with a higher survival rate, and their daughters tend to mature faster than low-ranking females. These high-ranking females also appear to have a higher probability of miscarriages and some high-ranking matrilines have inexplicably low fertility. One theory suggests this occurs due to stress on the high-ranking females, although this theory is controversial. A recent study shows top-ranking females are at risk from male harassment. Males who have recently immigrated harass females in order to induce miscarriages in females they had not yet mated with, in order to impregnate them with an offspring that is his own faster. As females with living infants often have male allies protecting their infants, it makes more sense for a male to ignore infants and channel his aggression to the group's resident pregnant females who do not currently have infants instead.
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helps the male integrate into the group more easily. He could also potentially end up mating with his female friend in the future. Females gain protection from threats to themselves and their infants (if they have any). Males occasionally "baby-sit" for their female friends, so she can feed and forage freely without the burden of having to carry or watch the infant. Sexually receptive females and newly immigrated males can form such friendships. These relationships are sometimes enduring and the pair grooms and remains close to each other. They also travel, forage, sleep, and raise infants together, as well as fight together against aggressive conspecifics.
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calling on her male friends to chase him away, and can therefore enjoy exerting her reproductive skew. While infanticide is a reproductive strategy in males, it is costly for females, which would also explain why infanticide is a rare occurrence in olive baboons yet can be the principal cause of infant mortality in many other baboon subspecies: high-ranking females can simply rebuff a male threatening her infant, making infant-targeted aggression a reproductive disadvantage in olive baboons. This also explains the reason male olive baboons use infants as shields in aggressive encounters.
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earlier access to food, so naturally a great deal of fighting over rank occurs, with younger males constantly trying to rise in position. Because females stay with their groups their entire lives, and males emigrate to others, often a new male challenges an older one for dominance. Frequently, when older baboons drop in the social hierarchy, they move to another tribe. The younger males who pushed them down often bully and harass them. Older males tend to have more supportive and equal relationships than those of the younger males. The former may form coalitions against the latter.
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forming the core of the social system. Female relatives form their own subgroups in the troop. Related females are largely friendly to each other. They tend to stay close together and groom one another, and team up in aggressive encounters within the troop. Female kin form these strong bonds because they do not emigrate from their natal groups.
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Newborns have black natal coats and bright pink skin. Females are the primary caregivers of infants, but males also play a role. In its first few days, the infant may be unable to stay attached to its mother and relies on her for physical support. Its grasp grows stronger by its first week and it is
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Like other baboons, the olive baboon has an elongated, dog-like muzzle. Its 38 to 58 cm (15 to 23 in) long tail and four-legged gait can make it seem canine. The tail almost looks as if it is broken, as it is erect for the first quarter, after which it drops down sharply. The bare patch of
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attain similar sizes. The head-and-body length can range from 50 to 114 cm (20 to 45 in), with a species average of around 85 cm (33 in). At the shoulder on all fours, females average 55 cm (22 in) against males, which average 70 cm (28 in). The typical weight
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Besides the mane, the male olive baboon differs from the female in terms of weight, body and canine tooth size; males are, on average, 70 cm (28 in) tall while standing and females measure 60 cm (24 in) in height. The olive baboon is one of the largest species of monkey; only the
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One major reason for its widespread success is that the olive baboon is omnivorous and like other baboons, will eat practically anything. As such, it is able to find nutrition in almost any environment and is able to adapt with different foraging tactics. For instance, the olive baboon in grassland
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Olive baboons communicate with various vocalizations and facial expressions. Throughout the day, baboons of all ages emit the "basic grunt". Adults give a range of calls. The "roargrunt" is made by adult males displaying to each other. The "cough-bark", and the "cough geck" are made when low-flying
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A female often forms a long-lasting social relationship with a male in her troop, known as a "friendship". These nonsexual affiliative friendships benefit both the male and female. Males benefit from these relationships because they are usually formed soon after he immigrates into a new group, and
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The species inhabits a strip of 25 equatorial
African countries, very nearly ranging from the east to west coasts of the continent. The exact boundaries of this strip are not clearly defined, as the species' territory overlaps with that of other baboon species. In many places, this has resulted in
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The olive baboon lives in groups of 15 to 150, made up of a few males, many females, and their young. Each baboon has a social ranking somewhere in the group, depending on its dominance. Female dominance is hereditary, with daughters having nearly the same rank as their mothers, and adult females
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Females with high social ranks even forge friendships with multiple males at once. Another advantage of these friendships is it enables females to gain protection from the unwanted advances of males aiming to mate with them. A female who finds a male undesirable can simply rebuff his advances by
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Occasionally, groups may split up when they become so large that competition for resources is problematic, but even then, members of matrilines tend to stick together. Dominant females procure more food, matings, and supporters. Among olive baboons in
Tanzania, high-ranking females give birth at
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Throughout its wide range, the olive baboon can be found in a number of different habitats. It is usually classified as savannah-dwelling, living in the wide plains of the grasslands. The grasslands, especially those near open woodland, do make up a large part of its habitat, but the baboon also
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and small mammals, as well as birds. The olive baboon eats leaves, grass, roots, bark, flowers, fruit, lichens, tubers, seeds, mushrooms, corms, and rhizomes. Corms and rhizomes are especially important in times of drought, because grass loses a great deal of its nutritional value. In dry, arid
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Females are sexually mature at seven to eight years old, and males at seven to 10 years. The beginning of a female's ovulation is a signal to the males that she is ready to mate. During ovulation, the skin of the female's anogenital area swells and turns a bright red/pink. The swelling makes it
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Males establish their dominance more forcefully than females. A male disperses, or leaves his natal group and joins another group, after reaching sexual maturity. Adult males are very competitive with each other and fight for access to females. Higher dominance means better access to mating and
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Despite being hierarchical, baboons appear to be "democratic" when it comes to deciding the direction of collective movement. Individuals are more likely to follow when multiple decision-makers agree on what direction to go rather than simply following dominant individuals.
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because it is widespread with a large global population and not threatened by a range-wide population decline. Competition and disease have possibly led to fewer baboons in closed forests. Like most other baboon species, it is routinely exterminated as a
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of yellow-brown and black on the hairs. The hair on the baboon's face is coarser and ranges from dark grey to black. This coloration is shared by both sexes, although males have a mane of longer hair that tapers down to ordinary length along the back.
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goes about finding food differently from one in a forest. The baboon forages on all levels of an environment, above and beneath the ground and in the canopy of forests. Most animals only look for food at one level; an arboreal species such as a
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range for both sexes is reportedly 10–37 kg (22–82 lb), with males averaging 24 kg (53 lb) and females averaging 14.7 kg (32 lb). Some males may weigh as much as 50 kg (110 lb).
775:
Forest and woodland vegetation in the highlands of Dogu'a
Tembien. In: Nyssen J., Jacob, M., Frankl, A. (Eds.). Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains - The Dogu'a Tembien District
301:. The common name is derived from its coat colour, which is a shade of green-grey at a distance. A variety of communications, vocal and non-vocal, facilitate a complex social structure.
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1982:
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1291:"Friendships between males and lactating females in a free-ranging group of olive baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis): evidence from playback experiments"
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population. The baboons use the water holes dug by the elephants, while the elephants use the tree-top baboons as an early warning system.
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The olive baboon is named for its coat, which, at a distance, is a shade of green-grey. At closer range, its coat is multicoloured, due to
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The olive baboon also actively hunts prey, such as small rodents, birds and other primates. Its limit is usually small antelope, such as
1975:
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does not look for food on the ground. The olive baboon searches as wide an area as it can, and it eats virtually everything it finds.
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regions, such as the northeastern deserts, small invertebrates like insects, grubs, worms, spiders, and scorpions fill out its diet.
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Whiten, A.; Byrne, R. W.; Barton, R. A.; Waterman, P. G.; Henzi, S. P. (1991). "Dietary and foraging strategies of baboons".
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Bercovitch, F. B. (1991). "Mate selection, consortship formation, and reproductive tactics in adult female savanna baboons".
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633:
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455:
1010:
Nagel, U. (1973). "A Comparison of Anubis baboons, Hamadryas baboons and their hybrids at a species border in
Ethiopia".
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39:
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Strum, S C. (1975). "Primate
Predation: Interim Report on the Development of a Tradition in a Troop of Olive Baboons".
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cross-breeding between species. For example, considerable hybridisation has occurred between the olive baboon and the
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has also been observed. Although this has been noted, the hybrids have not as yet been well studied.
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Strandburg-Peshkin, Ariana.; Farine, Damien R.; Couzin, Iain D.; Crofoot, Margaret C. (2015).
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1845:"Human-olive baboon (Papio anubis) conflict in the human-modified landscape, Wollo, Ethiopia"
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1999:
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Reproduction and
Fitness in Baboons: Behavioral, Ecological, and Life History Perspective
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Nash, L. T. (1978). "The development of the mother-infant relationship in wild baboons (
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573:, the olive baboon has formed a symbiotic relationship with that country's endangered
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Ransom TW. (1981) Beach troop of the Gombe. East
Brunswick (NJ): Assoc Univ Press
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1784:
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384:, for instance, both support olive baboon populations in dense tropical forests.
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Baboons pose the greatest threat to livestock and crops in sub-Saharan Africa.
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285:. Isolated populations are also present in some mountainous regions of the
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By climbing trees, individuals can act as a lookout to detect predators.
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1346:"Social relationships and ritualised greetings in adult male baboons (
1023:
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2012:
1483:
Packer, C. (1979). "Inter-troop transfer and inbreeding avoidance in
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270:
266:
178:
158:
128:
108:
3038:
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1402:"Shared decision-making drives collective movement in wild baboons"
912:"Estimation of body weights from craniometric variables in baboons"
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544:
529:
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480:
471:
461:
449:
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391:
308:
1894:"Status and Ecological Effects of the World's Largest Carnivores"
629:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
3135:
889:(Second ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 195–197.
274:
3042:
1964:
1529:. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. p. 28.
1627:
Packer, C. (1980). "Male care and exploitation of infants in
963:
Animal: The
Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife
339:
a baboon's rump is smaller in the olive baboon than in the
1073:
Rowell, T. E. (1966). "Forest living baboons in Uganda".
1289:
Lemasson, A.; Palombit, R. A.; Jubin, R. (2008-04-01).
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1265:
Inquiry | Office of the Vice
President for Research
1238:(4th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
857:
1052:. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
598:for crop raiding and small livestock predation.
466:Olive baboon carrying a juvenile on her back at
550:The diet typically includes a large variety of
693:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T40647A17953200.en
351:, has a cheek pouch with which to store food.
265:. The species is the most wide-ranging of all
1976:
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1662:
1622:
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8:
1525:Steven Leigh; Larissa Swedell, eds. (2006).
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534:Juvenile olive baboon drinking water in the
261:, is a member of the family Cercopithecidae
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1983:
1969:
1961:
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1730:
1728:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
860:The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates
313:Skulls of a male (left) and female (right)
269:, being native to 25 countries throughout
227:
60:
29:
20:
1868:
1455:
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938:
919:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
691:
1815:"The rediscovery of Eritrea's elephants"
1758:
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1520:
1518:
1114:
1112:
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1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
3391:Mammals of the Central African Republic
826:
824:
822:
607:
1892:RIPPLE, WILLIAM J. (10 January 2014).
1741:"Savanna Baboon (Papio cynocephalusd)"
1344:Smuts, B. B.; Watanabe, J. M. (1990).
837:) Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology"
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
663:
661:
864:. East Hampton (NY): Pogonias Press.
364:in Ethiopia. Cross-breeding with the
7:
3366:IUCN Red List least concern species
1295:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1133:"Primate Factsheets: Olive baboon (
833:"Primate Factsheets: Olive baboon (
679:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1843:Kifle, Zewdu (12 September 2021).
1087:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1966.tb04054.x
376:inhabits rainforests and deserts.
14:
1176:. New York: Aldine Publications.
984:Kingdon Guide to African Mammals
887:Primate Adaptation and Evolution
382:Democratic Republic of the Congo
85:
1849:Global Ecology and Conservation
1131:Cawthon Lang, KA (2006-04-18).
961:Burnie D and Wilson DE (Eds.),
634:Johns Hopkins University Press
585:The olive baboon is listed as
347:. The olive baboon, like most
1:
3381:Mammals of Sub-Saharan Africa
2551:Northern pig-tailed macaque (
2542:Southern pig-tailed macaque (
1645:10.1016/S0003-3472(80)80059-5
1173:Sex and Friendship in Baboons
456:Queen Elizabeth National Park
1785:10.1126/science.187.4178.755
1603:10.1016/0003-3472(78)90141-0
1501:10.1016/0003-3472(79)90126-X
626:; Reeder, D. M (eds.).
491:Ngorongoro Conservation Area
40:Ngorongoro Conservation Area
2335:Greater spot-nosed monkey (
1870:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01820
831:Cawthon Lang, K.A. (2006).
16:Species of Old World monkey
3429:
2407:Lesser spot-nosed monkey (
1236:Primate Behavioral Ecology
446:Female with suckling young
438:Reproduction and parenting
3411:Taxa named by René Lesson
3406:Mammals described in 1827
3025:
2949:Golden-bellied mangabey (
2623:Celebes crested macaque (
2007:
1991:Extant species of family
1348:Papio cynocephalus anubis
1315:10.1007/s00265-007-0530-z
986:. Guinness Superlatives.
235:
226:
207:
200:
82:Scientific classification
80:
58:
49:
37:
28:
23:
2763:Black crested mangabey (
2362:Campbell's mona monkey (
2149:Blue Nile patas monkey (
1261:"Baboons Behaving Badly"
355:Distribution and habitat
238:
2754:Grey-cheeked mangabey (
2722:White-cheeked macaque (
2659:Formosan rock macaque (
2416:White-throated guenon (
2208:Bale Mountains vervet (
2131:Southern patas monkey (
1953:genome assembly in the
1912:10.1126/science.1241484
1699:Philos Trans R Soc Lond
1460:Motluk, Alison (2001).
1426:10.1126/science.aaa5099
931:10.1002/ajpa.1330600116
536:Serengeti National Park
509:Face of an olive baboon
3396:Mammals of South Sudan
3386:Mammals of West Africa
2976:White-naped mangabey (
2641:Stump-tailed macaque (
2560:Pagai Island macaque (
2066:Allen's swamp monkey (
1821:. 2003. Archived from
1711:10.1098/rstb.1991.0108
743:Shefferly, N. (2004).
539:
527:
510:
493:
474:
459:
447:
418:
397:
314:
240: Geographic range
3274:Paleobiology Database
2958:Tana River mangabey (
2632:Crab-eating macaque (
2533:Lion-tailed macaque (
2380:Crested mona monkey (
2257:(Terrestrial guenons)
2140:Common patas monkey (
1819:BBC Wildlife magazine
910:Dechow, P.C. (1983).
686:: e.T40647A17953200.
533:
525:
508:
484:
465:
453:
445:
416:
395:
388:Behaviour and ecology
312:
2470:De Brazza's monkey (
2398:Dent's mona monkey (
2389:Wolf's mona monkey (
2371:Lowe's mona monkey (
982:Kingdon, J. (1993).
885:Fleagle, J. (1999).
753:Animal Diversity Web
454:Female with baby in
3376:Fauna of the Sahara
3314:Cynocephalus anubis
2931:Collared mangabey (
2744:(Crested mangabeys)
2713:Arunachal macaque (
2614:Gorontalo macaque (
2452:Red-tailed monkey (
2443:Moustached guenon (
2285:Sun-tailed monkey (
1995:(Old World monkeys)
1955:UCSC Genome Browser
1861:2021GEcoC..3101820K
1777:1975Sci...187..755S
1418:2015Sci...348.1358S
1307:2008BEcoS..62.1027L
1259:coss (2021-04-05).
1048:Groves, C. (2001).
965:. DK Adult (2005),
668:Wallis, J. (2020).
581:Conservation status
257:), also called the
52:Conservation status
2837:Hamadryas baboon (
2668:Japanese macaque (
2434:Red-eared guenon (
2425:Sclater's guenon (
2307:(Arboreal guenons)
2267:L'Hoest's monkey (
2098:Angolan talapoin (
1564:10.1007/BF02381935
1412:(624): 1358–1361.
1369:10.1007/BF02192786
778:. SpringerNature.
772:Aerts, R. (2019).
624:Wilson, D. E.
616:Groves, C. P.
540:
528:
511:
494:
475:
468:Mole National Park
460:
448:
419:
398:
315:
3401:Mammals of Uganda
3353:
3352:
3261:Open Tree of Life
3045:Taxon identifiers
3036:
3035:
3021:
3020:
2915:
2812:
2747:
2704:Tibetan macaque (
2596:Tonkean macaque (
2569:Siberut macaque (
2524:Barbary macaque (
2517:
2491:
2490:
2461:Hamlyn's monkey (
2310:
2276:Preuss's monkey (
2260:
2217:Tantalus monkey (
2174:
2091:
1996:
1705:(1270): 187–197.
1245:978-0-205-79017-3
1183:978-0-202-02027-3
1024:10.1159/000155536
1012:Folia Primatology
993:978-0-85112-235-9
856:Rowe, N. (1996).
785:978-3-030-04954-6
643:978-0-8018-8221-0
564:Thomson's gazelle
526:Foraging in Kenya
273:, extending from
263:Old World monkeys
245:
244:
75:
3418:
3346:
3345:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3305:
3304:
3295:
3294:
3282:
3281:
3269:
3268:
3256:
3255:
3243:
3242:
3230:
3229:
3217:
3216:
3204:
3203:
3191:
3190:
3178:
3177:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3151:
3139:
3138:
3126:
3125:
3113:
3112:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3040:
2967:Sanje mangabey (
2940:Agile mangabey (
2922:Sooty mangabey (
2914:
2913:
2907:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2686:Bonnet macaque (
2650:Rhesus macaque (
2605:Heck's macaque (
2587:Booted macaque (
2516:
2515:
2511:
2502:
2418:C. erythrogaster
2326:Roloway monkey (
2309:
2308:
2304:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2210:C. djamdjamensis
2173:
2172:
2171:(Vervet monkeys)
2168:
2107:Gabon talapoin (
2090:
2089:
2085:
2052:
1994:
1993:Cercopithecidae
1985:
1978:
1971:
1962:
1935:
1934:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1760:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1736:
1723:
1722:
1694:
1683:
1672:
1657:
1656:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1437:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1380:
1354:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1301:(6): 1027–1035.
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1267:. Archived from
1256:
1250:
1249:
1228:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1164:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1128:
1091:
1090:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1050:Primate Taxonomy
1045:
1036:
1035:
1018:(2–3): 104–165.
1007:
998:
997:
979:
973:
959:
953:
952:
942:
916:
907:
901:
900:
882:
876:
875:
863:
853:
847:
846:
844:
843:
828:
797:
796:
794:
792:
769:
763:
762:
760:
759:
740:
705:
704:
702:
700:
695:
665:
656:
655:
632:(3rd ed.).
620:"Order Primates"
612:
401:Social structure
362:hamadryas baboon
341:Hamadryas baboon
241:
239:
231:
213:
90:
89:
69:
64:
63:
33:
21:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3341:
3336:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3308:
3300:
3298:
3290:
3285:
3277:
3272:
3264:
3259:
3251:
3248:Observation.org
3246:
3238:
3233:
3225:
3220:
3212:
3207:
3199:
3194:
3186:
3181:
3173:
3168:
3160:
3155:
3147:
3142:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3047:
3037:
3032:
3017:
2984:
2951:C. chrysogaster
2911:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2896:
2872:
2855:Chacma baboon (
2846:Guinea baboon (
2830:P. cynocephalus
2828:Yellow baboon (
2808:
2807:
2805:
2795:
2771:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2730:
2695:Assam macaque (
2677:Toque macaque (
2634:M. fascicularis
2513:
2512:
2510:
2487:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2293:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2243:
2226:Vervet monkey (
2170:
2169:
2167:
2157:
2115:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2074:
2068:A. nigroviridis
2041:
2003:
2000:Cercopithecinae
1989:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1828:
1826:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1771:(4178): 755–7.
1762:
1761:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1726:
1696:
1695:
1686:
1673:
1660:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1230:
1229:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1166:
1165:
1150:
1141:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1094:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1009:
1008:
1001:
994:
981:
980:
976:
960:
956:
914:
909:
908:
904:
897:
884:
883:
879:
872:
855:
854:
850:
841:
839:
830:
829:
800:
790:
788:
786:
771:
770:
766:
757:
755:
742:
741:
708:
698:
696:
667:
666:
659:
644:
636:. p. 166.
614:
613:
609:
604:
583:
520:
503:
440:
403:
390:
357:
349:cercopithecines
307:
305:Characteristics
237:
236:
222:
215:
209:
196:
169:Cercopithecidae
84:
76:
65:
61:
54:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3358:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3334:
3318:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3296:
3283:
3270:
3257:
3244:
3231:
3218:
3205:
3192:
3179:
3166:
3153:
3140:
3127:
3114:
3101:
3088:
3073:
3057:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3011:M. leucophaeus
3006:
2996:
2994:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2864:Kinda baboon (
2861:
2852:
2843:
2834:
2825:
2819:Olive baboon (
2815:
2813:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2584:
2578:Moor macaque (
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:C. lomamiensis
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2317:Diana monkey (
2313:
2311:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2282:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2232:
2228:C. pygerythrus
2223:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2190:Green monkey (
2187:
2181:Dryas monkey (
2177:
2175:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:E. poliophaeus
2146:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2057:Allenopithecus
2049:
2047:Cercopithecini
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1943:
1942:External links
1940:
1937:
1936:
1884:
1835:
1806:
1752:
1724:
1684:
1658:
1639:(2): 512–520.
1616:
1597:(3): 746–759.
1577:
1558:(4): 437–452.
1542:
1535:
1514:
1475:
1449:
1392:
1363:(2): 147–172.
1357:Int J Primatol
1336:
1281:
1251:
1244:
1196:
1182:
1168:Smuts, Barbara
1148:
1092:
1081:(3): 344–365.
1065:
1058:
1037:
999:
992:
974:
954:
925:(1): 113–123.
902:
895:
877:
870:
848:
798:
784:
764:
706:
657:
642:
606:
605:
603:
600:
582:
579:
519:
516:
502:
499:
439:
436:
417:Troop in Kenya
402:
399:
389:
386:
356:
353:
306:
303:
289:. It inhabits
243:
242:
233:
232:
224:
223:
216:
205:
204:
198:
197:
193:P. anubis
190:
188:
184:
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176:
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166:
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161:
156:
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142:
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91:
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77:
59:
56:
55:
50:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3424:
3423:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3303:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3031:
3030:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2910:(White-eyelid
2905:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2879:Theropithecus
2875:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2724:M. leucogenys
2720:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2697:M. assamensis
2693:
2691:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2616:M. nigrescens
2612:
2610:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2544:M. nemestrina
2540:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2436:C. erythrotis
2432:
2430:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2409:C. petaurista
2405:
2403:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2353:Mona monkey (
2351:
2349:
2347:
2344:Blue monkey (
2342:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2302:
2301:
2300:Cercopithecus
2296:
2290:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2252:
2251:
2250:Allochrocebus
2246:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2133:E. baumstarki
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1825:on 2006-03-14
1824:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
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1759:
1757:
1753:
1742:
1735:
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1731:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1680:0-8387-1704-7
1677:
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1536:0-387-30688-9
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1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
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1471:
1467:
1466:New Scientist
1463:
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1378:2027.42/44558
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591:IUCN Red List
588:
587:least concern
580:
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567:
565:
560:
557:
556:invertebrates
553:
548:
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501:Communication
500:
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489:young in the
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371:
370:Guinea baboon
367:
366:yellow baboon
363:
354:
352:
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346:
345:Guinea baboon
342:
336:
333:
329:
328:chacma baboon
323:
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259:Anubis baboon
256:
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202:Binomial name
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68:
67:Least Concern
57:
53:
48:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
24:Olive baboon
22:
19:
3313:
3097:Papio_anubis
3083:Papio anubis
3053:Papio anubis
3052:
3027:
3010:
3001:
2989:
2978:C. lunulatus
2977:
2968:
2960:C. galeritus
2959:
2950:
2941:
2933:C. torquatus
2932:
2923:
2901:
2889:
2877:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2839:P. hamadryas
2838:
2829:
2820:
2818:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2765:L. aterrimus
2764:
2755:
2735:
2723:
2714:
2706:M. thibetana
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2643:M. arctoides
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2505:
2480:
2472:C. neglectus
2471:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2372:
2364:C. campbelli
2363:
2354:
2345:
2337:C. nictitans
2336:
2327:
2318:
2298:
2286:
2277:
2268:
2248:
2237:C. cynosuros
2236:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2191:
2182:
2162:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2122:Erythrocebus
2120:
2109:M. ogouensis
2108:
2099:
2079:
2067:
2055:
1949:
1931:
1903:
1897:
1887:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1827:. Retrieved
1823:the original
1818:
1809:
1768:
1764:
1744:. Retrieved
1739:Skelton, S.
1702:
1698:
1636:
1632:
1629:Papio anubis
1628:
1594:
1590:
1587:Papio anubis
1586:
1580:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1526:
1492:
1488:
1485:Papio anubis
1484:
1478:
1469:
1465:
1462:"Big Bottom"
1409:
1405:
1395:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1339:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:the original
1264:
1254:
1235:
1187:. Retrieved
1172:
1140:. Retrieved
1135:Papio anubis
1134:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1049:
1015:
1011:
983:
977:
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957:
922:
918:
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886:
880:
859:
851:
840:. Retrieved
835:Papio anubis
834:
789:. Retrieved
774:
767:
756:. Retrieved
752:
747:Papio anubis
746:
697:. Retrieved
683:
677:
672:Papio anubis
671:
628:
610:
584:
568:
561:
549:
541:
512:
495:
476:
432:
428:
424:
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408:
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374:
358:
337:
324:
316:
277:eastward to
258:
254:Papio anubis
253:
252:
249:olive baboon
248:
246:
211:Papio anubis
210:
208:
192:
191:
179:
155:Infraorder:
18:
3170:iNaturalist
3077:Wikispecies
2778:Rungwecebus
2756:L. albigena
2661:M. cyclopis
2598:M. tonkeana
2589:M. ochreata
2562:M. pagensis
2526:M. sylvanus
2454:C. ascanius
2427:C. sclateri
2382:C. pogonias
2235:Malbrouck (
2219:C. tantalus
2201:C. aethiops
2164:Chlorocebus
2100:M. talapoin
2088:(Talapoins)
2081:Miopithecus
1998:(subfamily
1495:(1): 1–36.
1137:) Behavior"
699:19 November
159:Simiiformes
3360:Categories
3329:Q125420753
3000:Mandrill (
2991:Mandrillus
2912:mangabeys)
2903:Cercocebus
2857:P. ursinus
2789:R. kipunji
2737:Lophocebus
2715:M. munzala
2688:M. radiata
2670:M. fuscata
2652:M. mulatta
2553:M. leonina
2535:M. silenus
2514:(Macaques)
2463:C. hamlyni
2328:C. roloway
2287:A. solatus
2278:A. preussi
2269:A. lhoesti
2192:C. sabaeus
2037:Haplorhini
2035:Suborder:
1855:: e01820.
1829:2007-09-28
1746:2007-01-29
1633:Anim Behav
1591:Anim Behav
1489:Anim Behav
1275:2021-08-18
1142:2007-01-27
842:2007-01-27
758:2007-01-27
602:References
538:, Tanzania
149:Haplorhini
145:Suborder:
3002:M. sphinx
2969:C. sanjei
2942:C. agilis
2890:T. gelada
2866:P. kindae
2821:P. anubis
2809:(Baboons)
2787:Kipunji (
2679:M. sinica
2571:M. siberu
2497:Papionini
2445:C. cephus
2011:Kingdom:
1947:View the
1928:206550298
1879:239181240
1323:1432-0762
291:savannahs
187:Species:
105:Kingdom:
99:Eukaryota
3323:Wikidata
3287:Species+
3227:12100581
3062:Wikidata
3029:Category
2888:Gelada (
2848:P. papio
2625:M. nigra
2607:M. hecki
2580:M. maura
2479:Lesula (
2400:C. denti
2391:C. wolfi
2373:C. lowei
2346:C. mitis
2319:C. diana
2199:Grivet (
2183:C. dryas
2142:E. patas
2031:Primates
2025:Mammalia
2019:Chordata
2017:Phylum:
2013:Animalia
1920:24408439
1906:(6167).
1801:39585204
1793:17795248
1653:53180751
1611:53190771
1572:19938813
1552:Primates
1509:53153239
1444:26089514
1387:33003545
1331:14614177
1234:(2011).
1189:28 April
1170:(1985).
652:62265494
618:(2005).
575:elephant
487:grooming
458:, Uganda
380:and the
368:and the
332:mandrill
330:and the
283:Tanzania
279:Ethiopia
165:Family:
139:Primates
129:Mammalia
119:Chordata
115:Phylum:
109:Animalia
95:Domain:
72:IUCN 3.1
44:Tanzania
3371:Baboons
3343:9348524
3214:1000628
3162:5707341
3136:2925214
3068:Q208561
3009:Drill (
2924:C. atys
2355:C. mona
2029:Order:
2023:Class:
1950:papAnu2
1899:Science
1857:Bibcode
1773:Bibcode
1765:Science
1719:1685577
1435:4801504
1414:Bibcode
1406:Science
1303:Bibcode
1032:4201907
949:6869499
791:18 June
589:on the
571:Eritrea
299:forests
295:steppes
267:baboons
221:, 1827)
175:Genus:
135:Order:
125:Class:
70: (
38:In the
3302:425315
3299:uBio:
3279:232556
3266:115449
3188:944211
3149:PAPOAN
2507:Macaca
1926:
1918:
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1651:
1609:
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650:
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554:, and
552:plants
485:Adult
378:Uganda
297:, and
287:Sahara
271:Africa
219:Lesson
3292:10170
3253:79438
3201:40647
3175:74832
3123:6TM9B
3110:12531
2802:Papio
1924:S2CID
1875:S2CID
1797:S2CID
1649:S2CID
1607:S2CID
1568:S2CID
1505:S2CID
1383:S2CID
1353:(PDF)
1327:S2CID
915:(PDF)
622:. In
545:lemur
472:Ghana
319:rings
180:Papio
3338:GBIF
3240:9555
3235:NCBI
3196:IUCN
3183:ITIS
3157:GBIF
3144:EPPO
3105:BOLD
1916:PMID
1789:PMID
1715:PMID
1676:ISBN
1589:)".
1531:ISBN
1472:(7).
1440:PMID
1319:ISSN
1240:ISBN
1191:2010
1178:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1028:PMID
988:ISBN
967:ISBN
945:PMID
891:ISBN
866:ISBN
793:2019
780:ISBN
701:2021
684:2020
648:OCLC
638:ISBN
596:pest
518:Diet
281:and
275:Mali
247:The
3222:MSW
3209:MDD
3131:EoL
3118:CoL
3092:ADW
1908:doi
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1865:doi
1781:doi
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