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to the heaviness of the stadium's construction. The roof mimics the tiers of seating by providing a gap at the
Marathon Gate. Unlike the roof that was installed for the 1974 World Cup, this roof covered all of the stadium's seating. The roof appears almost to float above the stadium. The new roof is supported by 20 steel columns interior, the distance between each ranging from 32 to 40 meters. The roof is also supported by 132 exterior columns, which are located completely outside of the seating area. The roof rises 68 metres over the seats, and 39.99 meters over the field-level. The weight of the roof is 3,500 tons. The roof's construction is 42,000 m consisting of a 27,000 m upper roof membrane distributed into 77 sectors, a 28,000 m lower roof membrane, and a 6006 m glass surface. The renovation preserved the stadium's
494:"The old race course shall be conveyed to the Reich, which will take over all the Olympic constructions in Grunewald. The Stadium itself is to be enlarged to provide seats for 100,000 persons. A swimming stadium and a riding field shall be built on the Stadium grounds. An assembly field large enough for mass demonstrations shall be provided in connection with the enlargement of the Stadium. A large open-air theatre shall be erected in the charming Murellen Valley in the northwest part of the Stadium grounds. The German Sport Forum shall be completed through the enlargement of the gymnasium, the erection of a new indoor swimming pool, a dormitory, and above all, through the erection of a large administration and instruction building, the House of German Sport."
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removed as well and replaced with a new 433-yard track (adhering to the international dimensions). The field would be sunken deeper, and new rows of seats were to be constructed at the bottom of the current stands. Its seating capacity would as a result of this planned renovation been increased from 30,000 to 80,000 spectators. The tunnel entrance at the south end, crossing below the
Grunewald Race Course, was a source of congestion during events. Plans were made to relieve this congestion by building a new eastern tunnel, and by a new entrance to the entire complex would be constructed on the side facing the main city-center, which was only 5 miles to the east of the complex. The stadium's expansion was to be of a modern steel and reinforced concrete structure.
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595:, which was located at the middle of the Reich Sport Field. 86,400 square yards (two times the area which was occupied by the stadiums stands) surrounding the stadium were left open, serving as public promenades around the stadium. Werner March had been proud of the fact that spectators could empty the Olympic Stadium in thirteen and a half minutes, as compared to the previous Summer Olympic Stadium (Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum), which would take fifteen and a half minutes to empty. March was the stadium's architect for the majority of the project, though Hitler ultimately replaced him with
909:. On the surfaces of courts 1 through 4 basketball courts were built. Additionally wooden stands for spectators along the sides consisted of one row of 112 seats for the press and guests of honour, and standing room for 720 persons on each side. On the west side was a separate platform for the judges. Opposite this, on the east stand, was the announcement board. These venues were located on the eastern edge of the Reich Sports Complex. On each of the south tennis courts two fencing floors were erected, along with stands identical to those erected for the basketball courts.
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the stadium between the outer edge of the new running track and the stands, either on the west or east side of the stadium. Werner March than decided against this direct union, and instead located a swimming stadium outside the stadium, at a 90-degree angle to its longitudinal axis. It was to be at the same level of the outside gallery of the
Olympic Stadium, and half as high as the stands of the stadium, placing the swimming venue in-line with the stadium's entrance. An enclosed arcade was thereafter added to the plans as well.
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from the German
Architecture Awards for "Modification, Restoration, and Roof-construction" In 2006 the Olympic Stadium won the Architecture Award Berlin. In 2007 the Olympic Stadium won the IOC/AKS Award in Golf, an IPC/IAKS Special-award, the BDA Architecture award for "best ambience". In 2013 the stadium received the FM Efficiency Award. In 2014 the Olympic Stadium received the Location Award 2014 second place category honor for "Major Events" and the first place category honor for "Stadiums, Arenas, and Multi-function-halls".
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of the site a site led them to decide that the area inside the
Grunewald Race Course offered enough room for a suitable venue to be built. Access to this stadium was provided by a tunnel passage under the racetrack. The tunnel was 65 feet wide, and provided access to the south end of the stadium. This tunnel is one of the few surviving portions of the former race track. The stadium was sunk into the ground on inside of the racetrack, so as not to disturb the view of the racing action.
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renovating the stadium, to a more favorable attitude towards the project on the condition that they were to be compensated for the horse races that would have to be suspended during the construction process. The
Ministry of Agriculture then agreed to lease the entire grounds to the Racing Association with the condition that the sub-lease of the stadium by the DRA should be continued. The land east of the racecourse was made available for building the planned tunnel.
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previously been leased to the Berlin Racing
Association, would now be leased directly by the city for a minimum of 30 years by the Prussian Forestry Department (who were the owners of the land). As a result, the Racing Association would then become a sub-lessee of the City of Berlin. Their second condition was for the Reich to forfeit any claims it had to ownership of the stadium, resigning this right solely to the City of Berlin. This far into their negotiations
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610:. Hitler allegedly had even threatened to cancel the Berlin games altogether if March's stadium was not altered to his satisfaction. After being appointed, Speer designed a neo-classical facade for the stadium literally overnight to meet Hitler's satisfaction. Speer's design was used, and clad March's stadium's exposed steel frame with stone. Characteristically of Nazi architecture, Speer's design placed stone pillars and colonnades over steel supports.
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number of new restaurants were added to the stadium during the renovation. A chapel was built inside the stadium as well, and was opened just prior to the World Cup. The chapel construction project wound up receiving the "iF Gold Award", and in 2007 the "red dot award". The renovated
Olympic Stadium possesses the largest seating capacity of German stadiums at 74,500. It also has a total 113 VIP stands, and two underground
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buildings of the
Sportforum in the far north end of the complex constituting exception to this. The north end's arrangement was largely governed by its existing structures. In other areas of the park, March desired to preserve much of the natural landscape. March had Professor Wiepking-JĂŒrgensman assist in transplanting 40,000 trees to the northern portion of the park, to unite it with the surrounding natural landscape.
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large, leading to poor sightlines, and its maximum capacity of 40,000 spectators was deemed to be too small to serve as an
Olympic Stadium if Berlin, as was being considered, were to host the Olympics in 1936. The reason the stadium could not be expanded beyond 40,000 due to the Grunewald Race Course. If the Race Course were to be retained, the stadium's height could not be increased.
274:), began in August 1912. When it opened, it held over 18,500 spectators, and had a seating capacity of 11,500. March decided to bury the stadium in the ground ("Erdstadion", in German). On 8 June 1913 the stadium was dedicated with the release of 10,000 pigeons. 60,000 people were in attendance. The stadium contained a 650-foot running track surrounded by a 720-yard
574:. This street crossed railway tracks over a wide bridge, and then led into the Olympic Square. The Underground and Municipal railway stations serving the site were expanded, with new exits built allowing visitors to leave in close proximity to the Olympic Stadium. Semicircular parking lots were constructed in at the south of the Reich Sport Field within the
570:, one of two streets that had served the site, was widened. A new street was built, creating an approach from the west. This road branched off from Heerstrasse and terminated in front of the location of the Olympic Bell Tower. An approach from the east was also established by extending the Schwarzburg Allee, which was thereafter renamed as
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membrane (more specifically made of a PTFE-coated glass fiber). The material used provides an even lighter appearance than the roof installed for the 1974 World Cup had. Much like the roof installed for the 1974 World Cup had, the lightness and transparency of the new roof provides a visual contrast
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The Olympic Stadium's Hertha BSC rejoined first division for their 1990 season, but fell back to the second division in 1991. Hertha would remain in the second division until they rejoined the first division in 1997. The Olympic Stadium's Hertha BCS has continued to improve since rejoining the first
1133:, which was contained inside, had survived the fire, and fell along with the tower when it was demolished. As the result of its 77-meter fall with the tower, the bell cracked has since been unable to ring. To prevent the bell from falling victim to metal hunters, it was buried in the Olympic Square.
948:. The Amphitheatre also hosted various performances during the games. One of the shows that took place at the venue during the Olympics was "Herkales", which was performed on 4 August 7, 16, 18. The venue also hosted the "Olympic Concert" (19 August) and Berlin Youth events ( 2, 5, 6 and 14 August).
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level, and to two competitor's tunnels which provided access to the field. The tunnel also received a 13-foot wide and 600-yard long expansion at its north end passing underneath the "Reich Academy for Physical Education" training grounds and connecting the Olympic Stadium with the swimming stadium.
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In January 1932, the City of Berlin put forth a surprise counter plan. The City's Municipal Construction Councilor Wagnar made the suggestion that a temporary wooden stadium instead should be built on the fair grounds for the Olympics. This plan was favored by the city because it did not want to pay
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The training fields and training halls of the complex received great usage. Studies were undertaken for the complex's expansion in 1928, after work had halted on the existing portions of the complex. Eventually, in the course of these studies, it was realized that Deutsches Stadium's infield was too
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In late fall of 1933 demolition work began on the old Deutsches Stadion, and work commenced on the completion of the gymnasium that had been left half-finished since 1928. Construction took place from 1934 to 1936. Complying with Hitler's wishes, the stadiums were largely built using natural stone
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The Berlin Racing Association was made to vacate their use of the complex, as the Grunewald Race Course was to be demolished to create the Reich Sports Field. The Berlin Racing Association were to be compensated according to Hitler's orders, by receiving the funding from the "Racing Association" as
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came to power in Germany in 1933, they decided to use the Olympic Games in 1936 for propaganda purposes. With this in mind, Hitler made plans for the construction of a great sports complex in Grunewald named the "Reichssportfeld", with a brand-new Olympiastadion as its centerpiece. Architect Werner
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After Berlin was awarded the Olympics, plans were drawn up to renovate the Deutsches Stadion extensively. The venue only held 30,000 spectators, which by then had become insufficient host the Olympics. The cycling track would be completely eliminated, and the current 650-yard running track would be
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The government of Germany decided not to build in the nearby Grunewald forest, or to renovate buildings that already existed. Because of this desire, they hired the same architect who originally had built the "Rennverein" (the Grunewald Race Course) Otto March. The organizing committee's evaluation
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officially awarded the Olympiastadion Berlin as a "Five-Star-Stadia", the highest ranking possible for European stadiums. Other honors the stadium received in 2005 include the Light Architecture Awards for "Modification, Restoration, and Roof-construction". The renovation also received recognition
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Werner March preserved much of the woods on the slopes on all sides of the complex. A significant portion of the land was untouched woods and meadows. Despite a long history of use on the site, the majority of the Olympic Park's land was completely free of any existing buildings, with the existing
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One unique and appealing aspect of the original stadium had been the inclusion of a swimming pool. In the plans to renovate the stadium, attempts were made to retain the union between the swimming pool and the athletic stadium. Initially, plans were considered to move the pool to a location inside
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to the main grandstand.. This allowed for the use of just the center portion of the main Maifeld grandstand, creating a more intimate venue for dressage. For the polo competition the entire grandstand, which held 44,0000 standing spectators and 4,500 seats, was used. For Polo two temporary stands
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The Olympic Stadium also hosted numerous performances during the Olympics. One such show was the "Festival Play", which was performed on 1 August 3, 7,18, and 19. Other performances that took place during the games at the Olympic Stadium included "Music and Dances of Nations" (10 August) and the
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amongst the tiers of the Maifeld stand, acting as the pinnacle of the Reich Sports Field's western end. An observation deck inside provided views of the city of Berlin. During the games it would be utilized as an observation post for administrators, police officials, doctors, and media officials.
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for use as parking lots to serve the Stadium. The City of Berlin named the conditions under which they would assume the additional expenditure of the stadium's construction. The first was that the entire area of the Grunewald Racecourse, the including the Grunewald Racecourse's stadium, which had
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It was questioned whether the construction and half of the cost for the stadium (with the other half being paid for by the national government in the form of subsidies) should fall onto the City of Berlin. The city already was going to pay for the construction of the approach roads to the Olympic
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The Bell Tower was rebuilt from 1960 and 1962 according to Werner March's original blueprints. This came as the result of efforts by Werner March, among others, to rebuild the bell tower. This tower is almost one meter taller than the original one in height. During the reconstruction of the bell
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The Olympic Bell contained within the 77-meter Olympic Bell Tower featured the Olympic Rings with an eagle, the year 1936, the Brandenburg Gate, the date 1â16 August, and a motto between two swastikas: âI call the youth of the worldâ and 11. Olympic Games Berlin inscribed upon it. It was located
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Werner March had been commissioned to create sketches for the new "Reichssportfeld" on 5 October 1933, the very same day that Hitler had announced his intentions to build it. Dr. Diem was called-in from a trip abroad to work on the project's proposals with Werner March. The main outline of their
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visited the Deutsches Stadion on 5 October 1933, and announced his decision. Hitler was quick in his decision to alter the existing architectural plans for the Olympic venues, as he desired more grand and extravagant venues than those that had been proposed before the IOC in 1931 by Berlin's bid
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just east outside the city held its first races as early as 1868. The "Union-Klub" was one of the main organizations behind the early development of that site. Due to a loss of spectators, the Union-Klub started looking for a new site to the west of Berlin by the time they settled upon a site in
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by 2.65 meters (8.7 feet). The renovation also added state-of-the-art lighting and sound. The renovation also created 76 new VIP boxes in the inner gallery between the lower and upper seating rings, and 13 new skyboxes were installed within the former press stands of the upper ring. A
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Olympic Square is a large plaza located in front of the Olympic Stadium. In the center of this plaza lie two towers, 156 feet tall, with the Olympic Rings suspended between them. To the east of this plaza is the Bell Tower, located at a location on an axis with the center point between the two
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The stadium's exterior height gave it a profile 54 feet tall, but the stadium was sunk 45 into the ground, both allowing greater spectator circulation into and out of the stadium as the upper seating ring was located nearer to the ground-level since the lower ring was below-ground, as well as
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On 14 December 1933, Hitler had the March brothers called into his office, and decided to have them create a third design for an Olympic Stadium. This is the plan that was used, and contained not only the Olympic Stadium that would be built, but also other elements that were built such as the
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several aspects were added to the plan. It was decided to complete the gymnasium and include a small swimming pool in its basement. It was also decided that there would be a gymnastic and assembly hall with connected living quarters and a restaurant added to the complex, as well as two small
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troops set the contents of the tower, the film stored by the Nazis, on fire, turning the tower itself into a makeshift chimney. The tower was severely damaged and weakened by the fire. The administration building near the Olympischer Platz was destroyed after the stored ammunition exploded.
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A model of these plans was publicly displayed at the German Building Exhibition in July 1931. The plan received approval from sport governing bodies. The DRA began discussions to execute the plans. The Berlin Racing Association had changed their stance from a previously voiced opposition to
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A women's dormitory for students was constructed at the northwest end of the grounds. A tunnel beneath the cycling track connected the stadium with the northern portion of the complex, which allowed the stadium's track and the new running track to both be used for competition and practice
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and steel, provided a modern and light in appearance which aesthetically contrasted the traditional and heavy construction of the original stadium. The renovation also added press stands, modernized the restrooms, and separated the reporters trench from the stands with a Plexiglas wall.
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The question arose whether or not the new stadium for the Olympics should be built on the footprint of the original Deutsches Stadium, providing it with a direct connection to its predecessor, or instead located 162 yards east of it. Moving east would align it on a direct axis with the
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North of the main hockey stadium, a large grass field, which held six playing fields and had previously housed a second field hockey stadium for the Olympic preliminaries, was used by the Reich Academy as training grounds, as well as by various sporting associations for competition.
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allowing for large equipment to be brought into the stadium. The Marathon tunnel was accessed from outside the stadium through the âMarathon Gateâ into the Olympic Plaza. These stairs were aethstetically connected with the Maifeld. It was in this area of the stadium that the
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ideology of the Nazi regime not only in its architectural composition, but also through statues and engravings celebrating Aryan athletic youth. The four stone pylons of Maifeld were named "Frisian", "Franconian", "Saxon", and "Swabian" after early Germanic tribes. The
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established the Stadium Construction Office. Authority over this organization belonged to the Government Construction Counciller Sponzholz. In December 1933 the Minister of the Interior created the "Construction Committee for the Reich Sport Field". State Secretary
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On 8 September 1994, after over a half-century, the British military completely ended their military presence at the Olympic Park. A northern section of the park was reopened to the public, no longer being occupied by the British military. British Prime Minister
540:, approving the plans in principle. Nonetheless, Hitler voiced a number of concerns surrounding the architectural appearance of the buildings, and his wishes for stone to be used in the construction of the complex as frequently as possible, rather than concrete.
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10 August 1936, an Olympic baseball exhibition game was held between two American baseball teams at the Olympic Stadium with an attendance thought to be over 100,000 (possibly 110,000), considered the world record for the attendance of a baseball game at that
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scale. It consisted of (east to west): the Olympiastadion, the Maifeld (Mayfield, capacity of 50,000) and the Dietrich Eckart amphitheatre (capacity of 25,000), in addition to various places, buildings and facilities for different sports (such as
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were built on the sides of the Maifeld, perpendicular to the main grandstand, accommodating an additional 75,000 spectators. The stadium also hosted a non-Olympic event called the "Relay of the Continents" on the final day of the Olympic Games.
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The Amateurstadion Berlin is a 5,400 spectator capacity stadium. The capacity allows 4,300 standing places and 1,100 seats (of which 750 are covered). This venue was added to the complex in 2004. The stadium is officially named Stadion auf dem
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loges, as well as a path for athletes to enter the stadium from, as it was connected with the Marathon tunnel which was built for the Olympic marathon to provide a point for Marathon competitors to run into the stadium and to provide a sort of
286:. The stadium was inaugurated 15 May 1913, following a mere 200-day construction schedule. The opening ceremony of the stadium occurred 8 June 1913. Otto March had died April of that year, thus he was unable to see the opening of the stadium.
173:, and opened 3 May 1909. The venue had a capacity of 40,000. Its center contained an 85,000 square meter depression slated to eventually house a stadium. That stadium planned for the center of the racecourse would come only five years later.
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Prior to the onslaught of the Great Depression, Werner March had made a design for the renovation of the Deutsches Stadion into a venue with a 65,000-person capacity as a part of revived plans to hopefully host the Olympic Games in Berlin.
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Beginning in the summer of 1921, a two-story university building was constructed north of the stadium's swimming pool. 26 May 1922, this new building, which included a gymnasium, fencing hall, and a dining and reading room, was opened.
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After the Red Army retreated from the portion of the city that contained the complex, British troops took control of the Sportfeld on 1 July 1945. The British Army closed the Olympic Park, as they wanted to use the complex themselves.
1101:, the Secretary General of the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games, made himself the director of the âReichssportfeldâ administration, and along with other former employees of the complex, helped to begin the clean-up process.
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had come to power in Germany. The German Committee for Physical Training was dissolved, and the deed to the Sportforum was transferred to the Nazi government. Around this time the complex was renamed the "Reichssportfeld" (German:
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The sports complex had been made well-prepared for wartime early on. The underground areas near the Marathon tunnel had a concrete ceiling and separating walls built to transform them into bunkers. At the beginning of the war,
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produced anti-aircraft weapon primers there. When allied bombing of the complex intensified in late 1944, the stadium's underground facilities were prepared for use as a makeshift HQ for Nazi Germany's national radio network,
1675:) was created as a huge lawn (112,000 square metres, 28 acres) for gymnastic demonstrations, specifically annual May Day celebrations by Hitler's government. In more recent years the Maifeld has also hosted many concerts.
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Organization continued despite the onset of World War I in 1914, since it was not expected that the war would continue for long enough to interrupt the games. Eventually, though, the Games were cancelled due to the war.
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One unique facet of the venue was a large oak located just outside the eastern edge of the stadium. Otto March made the decision to leave the oak. It was a decision inspired by the holy olive tree that had blessed the
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Planning continued. Additional aspects of the project would include the expansion of the Sportforum, finishing the half-completed gymnasium, the construction of a large sporting hall and of a new student dormitory.
1908:. Belonging to the Berliner Rennverein, the course was designed by Otto March. The racecourse opened in 1909, the racetrack existed until 1934, when its demolition was required to make room for the Olympic Stadium.
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and the original plans for the Sportforum had been drawn up under this government. Construction on the proposed expansion of the Sportforum was set to commence in October 1933, but in March of that same year the
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hosted by West Germany. This renovation most notably included the addition of a partial roof over the stadium's main tribunes in the northern and southern stands, covering 26,000 seats. The roof was designed by
1817:. The venue is located off Friedrich-Friesen-Allee just northeast of GlockenturmstraĂe. For the 1936 Olympics it had a capacity of 20,000 spectators, and held various performances, in addition to holding the
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instead voted to renovate the stadium. 1 December 1998, the Senate voted in favor of the plan by "von Gerkan, Marg and Partner (gmp)". 9 May 2000, an agreement for the funding of the stadium was reached with
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The fate of the Olympic Stadium was debated in 1998. Due to its Nazi origins, some advocated demolishing it to replace it with a new stadium, while others preferred to let it slowly deteriorate much like the
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Gymnasium is a gym that started construction in 1926, but was put on hold in 1928 due to a lack of funding. Its construction was resumed in 1934, and completed in 1936. The gymnasium held portions of the
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Hockey Stadion No. 2 was a 3,200-seat stadium, one of two that hosted the 1936 Olympic field hockey competitions. It was a temporary venue, and primarily hosted the Olympic preliminary matches for field
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suggested that the complex be named the "Sportforum". 16 September 1925, the board of the German Committee for Physical Training (the DRA) officially began using the name "Deutsches Sportforum" (German:
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The Berlin Racing Association contributed a piece of land on the northern end of the Grunewald for the stadium. The land had been originally rented by the Racing Association from the Forest Department.
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had estimated that more than three million people partook in the ceremony, whether along the parade route to the Reichsportfeld, inside the Olympic Stadium, or outside of the stadium on the Mayfield.
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the Olympic Stadium received a complete renovation. Construction at the Olympic Stadium began in September 2000. The renovation provided the Olympic Stadium with a new roof made of a semitransparent
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Much of the damage from World War II was repaired once the war ended. In fact, only days after Germany's unconditional surrender in May 1945, the area of the former Reichssportfeld was cleaned up.
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served as the Committee's chairman. 11 October 1933, the proposed construction schedule was submitted to Hitler. 31 October Hitler visited the complex along with Reich Minister of the Interior
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Control of the Sportfeld was handed over to the German authorities on 12 June 1949. Exactly one year later, the Berlin Senate decided to rename the "Reichssportfeld" the "Olympiapark Berlin".
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respectively. A planned gymnasium had begun construction in 1926, but was only half complete when the entire project was halted in 1928 due to insufficient funds to continue construction.
743:. It also hosted other events during the Olympics, such as the "Festival for the Participants", which was held on the final day of the Olympics. The Mommestadion hosted four matches of
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In 1966, the former "Reichssportfeld" was placed under the "Monument Conservation of West Berlin". In November 1966, a new floodlight system was installed at the Olympic Stadium.
1243:. Hertha had illegally bribed several football players in an attempt to add them to the team, following their disinterest in playing in Berlin because of recent construction the
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The administration building to the north of the Olympischer Platz was used as an ammunition depot, with other buildings of the complex used to house stockpiles of food and wine.
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After Germany's unconditional surrender in May 1945, the Reichssportfeld had been scarred with bomb craters, emptied ammunition boxes, burnt equipment, barricades, and corpses.
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Aware of the political significance of architecture as a mode to promote Nazi ideology, Hitler demanded that the Olympic Stadium be constructed entirely using German materials.
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The Bell Tower was used by the Nazis to store archives, including films. The Bell Tower was the only major component of the sports complex to be destroyed during the war. The
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The stadium was closed on 26 July 1914, and by 1915 the stadium was being used as a military hospital. It would be a year until sports would again take place in the stadium.
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held a boxing match, in the amphitheatre, which had been renamed the "WaldbĂŒhne", on 31 October 1948, in front of an audience of 24,000. This was ultimately his final bout.
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In 1952 the British Army in Berlin set up their headquarter on the Sportforum. They also used the sports facilities, and set up a cricket field on Körnerplatz, in front the
324:. This sports institution was also referred to alternately as the "German Institute for Physical Education". The German University for Athletics used the Deutsches Stadion.
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At the beginning of the games the "International Congress of Physical Education Students" met in the 1,200 spectator Cupola Hall of the Sportforum, which also hosted the
825:. Fencing was also held in the larger gymnasium, where fencing floors and temporary stands for 500 spectators were built. Each of these venues held four fencing floors.
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The Olympic Stadium project has received multiple awards and recognition. In 2004 the Olympic Stadium renovation won the German Steel Building Award. In April 2005 the
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towers. This plaza was built for the 1936 Olympics. Its two towers were built to architecturally accentuate the longitudinally symmetrical arrangement of the complex.
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The reinauguration celebrations of the newly renovated Olympic Stadium were carried out on 31 July 2004, and 1 August 2004. Celebrations began with performances from
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The new stadium was inaugurated in a ceremony on 31 July 2004. Work nonetheless continued on the stadium and the surrounding areas of the Olympiapark until 2006. The
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The stadium was outgrown the by German Institute for Physical Education. The DRA, which before WWI had been the "National Committee for the Olympic Games" (Germany's
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As it passes below the fields, this tunnel expansion also functioned as the corridor of subterranean dressing rooms for the training grounds located directly above.
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March's stadium was modern in its aesthetics, which did not match the Nazi's goal to use the Olympics to display themselves as an imperial power in the mold of the
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along the main east-west street approaching the complex. This would provide the entire complex with a stricter symmetry, and thus was the option favored by Hitler.
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on the Honorary Stand was decreased in height by a meter to eliminate the visual effect it historically possessed, and to assist in "de-nazi-fying" the stadium.
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tower, the "Langemarckhalle", as it had been destroyed when the tower was demolished. The Olympic Bell Tower has since become a popular tourist site, providing
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creating a much larger interior than is expected by visitors due to its exterior profile only showing a portion of the venue. This effect is similar to that of
1213:. The Olympic Bell has been placed outside the Olympic Stadium to serve as a memorial. The Bell Tower contains a replica of the original Olympic Bell instead.
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announced Berlin as the host of the 1936 Summer Olympic Games. Berlin was awarded the 1936 Summer Olympics on 26 May 1930. at the 30th IOC Conference, held in
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1126:. Since 2012, the Mailfeld, having enough space for two cricket fields, is home to the cricket clubs of Berlin, after they had to give up the Körnerplatz.
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Stadium, this expense was the main reason they had hoped to place a temporary stadium elsewhere in January 1932, and the expense of leasing land from the
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352:), supplemented the stadium's facilities by building the "Deutsches Sportforum" complex, alternately referred to as the "Deutsches Sportsforum" (German:
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Plans to build an Olympic sports complex in the area of the Racetrack can be traced as far back as 1906 prior to Germany's athletic participation in the
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Work has already been begun on the Olympic Stadium for 1916. Its opening will take place next year, when sports will be held there to celebrate the ...
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along the east-west axis the Coubertinplatz, and the swimming stadium placed on the north-south axis. Hitler approved plans for complex the same day.
368:, son of Otto March, won a contest relating to the construction of the complex, and served as its architect. Werner largely collaborated with brother
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Thus, four days after construction on the earlier proposed expansion to the Sportforum had previously been set to commence, those plans were killed.
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208:, and had hosted the 10th IOC Conference (where the host for the 1912 Summer Olympics had been voted on) on 27 May 1909. Berlin defeated bids from
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March aspired to design a Modern monument, while Hitler hoped to create a distorted vision of ancient Rome, much as he aspired to do politically.
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1454:. The renovation also repaired the stone of the original stadium construction, rebuilt the lower tier of seats at a new angle, and lowered the
1251:", until rejoining the first division in 1968. In 1971, Hertha BSC sold off the "Plumpe". Other teams have also used the Olympic Stadium, like
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was celebrated by British military occupying forces on the Maifeld annually, and the British military also used the Maifeld for sports such as
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From 2010 until 2012 a new ice arena complex (the Eisporthalle) was constructed for 4 million euros at a former parking lot of the complex.
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To go along with the start of the new millennium, the park received a modernized Olympic Stadium. As part of Germany's preparations for the
1397:, but instead decided in November 1989 to bid for the 2000 Olympics. The Olympic Park was to play a major role in the Olympics had Berlin's
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The 65-foot wide tunnel that served the previous Deutsches Stadium was repurposed to serve as both an underground path providing access to
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2131:. It climaxed at night with the opening ceremony. On the second day, friendly matches were played between different levels of the club
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The 1936 Olympics were held from 1 to 16 August. The opening ceremony climaxed with the end of the Olympic Torch Relay lighting of the
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was located during the ceremonies. The 65-foot entrance tunnel leftover from Deutsches Stadium was also connected to the new stadium's
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well as the "Union Club and the Society for Steeplechasing" to expand the race tracks that the Berlin Racing Association also owned in
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When the Reichssportfeld was finished, it was 1.32 square kilometres (325 acres). The complex could be described as being designed on
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Access to the site was significantly improved through the creation of new roadways. The complex was already a short distance north of
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The stadium was constructed on an east-west orientation. The stadium could hold 120,000 spectators, and had seating room for 65,000.
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1 May 1939, Hitler used the viewing stand at the Olympic Stadium for his May Day address, in which he expounded upon his theory of "
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278:. A 108-yard swimming pool was located on the outer edge of the cycling tack. The stadium also was alternatively known by the names
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978:), was ordered by Hitler to end all operations, and was replaced by a new school, the "Reichsakademie fĂŒr LeibesĂŒbungen" (German:
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from Eastern Berlin arose, which culminated in a friendly match at the Olympiastadion with 50,000 spectators (27 January 1990).
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in 1936. The capacity of the stadium was 40,000 spectators. Located in the Grunewald Race Course, it was intended to host the
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Many of the more memorable moments of the 1936 Olympics took place within the Reichssportfeld, such as African-American runner
400:
197:
1651:) is a venue that was built for the 1936 Summer Olympics. It is located northeast of the Olympic Stadium. It held part of the
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revealed a commemorative plaque on the Adlerplatz in front of the "Haus des Deutschen Sports" in a ceremony marking the date.
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during the 14th IOC Conference which was held in Stockholm on 27 May 1912. Berlin had previously bid unsuccessfully for the
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games. 9 January 2002, in the mist of the Olympic Stadium's renovation, construction crews found an unexploded World War II
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The Maifield held other events during the Olympics. One such event was the "School Children's Demonstration" held 9 August.
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At a meeting of the Construction Committee of the Organizing Committee (for the Olympics) on 15 July 1933, presided over by
2065:
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during the Second World War. The Olympic Stadium sustained some damage, but was nevertheless in relatively good condition.
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later signed a lease for a horseracing track, they had to agree that their land would also host "general sports functions"
2017:
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The stadium's columns were decorated with Olympic imagery. The stadium's interior featured grand concourses covered with
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buildings to serve as dressing rooms on the track field. Construction was set to begin at the beginning of October 1933.
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2998:
2590:"60,000 Dedicate Berlin Stadium. Ten Thousand Pigeons Carry Address on Athletics and Patriotism to All Parts of Empire"
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in the Olympic cauldron. The Olympic Flame was a tradition originated during the previous two Summer Olympics, held in
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to find another location in the Grunewald. In February 1907, the organization signed a 30-year lease for land north of
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1969:
1939:
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for roadway expenses necessitated by the DRA's plan. Theodor Lewald rejected the city's plan for a temporary venue.
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In the presence the Kaiser and his sons and a great concourse of notables, the Berlin Stadium was opened today. ...
1866:
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Due to the damage in incurred, the Olympic Bell Tower was demolished by British engineers on 15 February 1947. The
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120:
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In 2004, Hertha constructed the Amateurstadion, a 5,400 person capacity stadium located near the Olympic Stadium.
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1023:" Exactly four months later (1 September 1939) Hitler acted upon this theory by invading Poland, thus commencing
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The Grunewald Race Course was the original sporting venue on the site now occupied by Olympiapark Berlin. This
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1545:, the Olympic Stadium's track was re-surfaced. The new track was colored blue, the team color of Hertha BSC.
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The late 1970s were a successful era for Hertha BSC at the Olympic Stadium, reaching the semi-finals of the
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12 November 1944, the Olympischer Platz was one of ten sites where Hitler's last contingents were sworn in.
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After the Olympics the complex initially saw between twenty and twenty-five large-scale events per year.
807:, who himself was not a Nazi, had thought of the idea, which was approved greatly by Propaganda Minister
606:. March's design lacked the monumental scale and neo-classical architecture that were the core values of
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and Dr. Ignaz Walter. The stadium continued to host events during the renovation, including the annual
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585:
The hanging of the Olympic Bell began Monday, 11 May 1936. The first trial ringing occurred on 20 May.
148:
2723:"Assignments | Urban Design Politics | Urban Studies and Planning | MIT OpenCourseWare"
1614:
as well as the "International Congress of Physical Education Students" during the 1936 Summer Olympics
1051:, and regular "War Championships" as a critical part of the entertainment programs for German troops.
1964:
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for the 1936 Summer Olympics. Since World War II it has been used for a variety of events, including
1729:: a 74,064 stadium located in the southern part of the park. It was built for the 1936 Olympic Games.
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The Olympic Stadium was filled with spectators for the first time on 5 July for a pre-Olympic test.
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1995:
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There were a number of plans that entailed the demolition of the stadium, but on 26 May 1998, the
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2010:
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been successful. On 23 September 1993, Berlin was voted out in the second round of the IOC vote.
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since 1921. Was first held at Deutsches Stadium, moved to the Olympic Stadium, held there since.
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over Berlin. Hamburg ultimately dropped out of the bid process during the candidate city phase.
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In 1956 the Olympic Bell was unburied, but only so that it could serve as a practice target for
151:, where the club would lease land and manage a horse racing track from 1884 until 1893. In 1906
124:
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matches. The stadium was built in 1913, and demolished in 1933. It was replaced by the current
1227:
played their first regular match at the Olympic Stadium, moving to the venue after joining the
666:
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in emulation of a Greek theatre and built between 1934 and 1936 as the Dietrich-Eckart-BĂŒhne (
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The West German football championship final was held at the Olympic Stadium six times between
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1277:. The new material was being tested at the Berlin Olympic Stadium before it was installed at
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1933:
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The Olympiapark would have been used had Berlin been selected as Germany's bid city for the
1477:
1410:
1355:
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863:
715:
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722:, which also served as venues of the 1936 Summer Olympics. The Deutschlandhalle hosted the
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747:. The Mommsenstadion still exists today, but the Deutschlandhalle was demolished in 2011.
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The games had been awarded to Berlin in 1931 when Germany's government was the democratic
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buried beneath a seating section. Berlin police defused the bomb outside of the stadium.
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20 June 1945, Diem opened the Swim Stadium, which was largely undamaged, to the public.
1982:
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in 1961. Hertha moved out of the Olympic Stadium, and back into their old home at the "
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The cornerstone of the complex was laid by on 18 October 1925, the anniversary of the
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851:. The stadium was also the site of both the starting line and the finishing line of
2558:"Berlin Stadium Is Begun. Olympic Meeting Place to be at the Grunewald Race Course"
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1951:
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Hockey Stadion was an 18,000 seat stadium, one of two that hosted the 1936 Olympic
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played their first match at the stadium 8 September 2004, in a 1â1 tie against the
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811:, as he believed that it was a spectacular way in which to publicize the Olympics.
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603:
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369:
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2007 Pyronale Fireworks World Championships was held at the Mayfield in September.
2148:'s visit to Berlin climaxed with an event at the Olympic Stadium on 20 June 1937.
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The renovation began on 3 July 2000, with a groundbreaking ceremony officiated by
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The Olympic Plaza had a giant antenna built in 1951 that transmitted signals for
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2002:
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both in 1977 and 1979. After a decline through the 1980s, Hertha fell into the
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burning continually. The propane in the cauldron was first tested 28 May 1936.
456:
March remained in charge of the project, assisted by his brother Walter March.
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2006:
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competitions. For dressage two 28,000-person stands were temporarily erected
430:
March's plans for the Olympic Stadium were accepted by the IOC in June 1933.
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The need for an expanded Sportforum was furthered on 25 April 1931, when the
364:. The buildings of the Sportforum were constructed northeast of the stadium.
129:
1927:
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The stadium's neoclassical design was intended to evoke similarities to the
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241:
217:
1343:. The main concentrations of venues for these games were also organized in
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sports training under the façade of being a school for physical education.
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on this and other projects he would later work on for the sports complex.
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at the Olympic Stadium, shortly after the re-inauguration of the stadium.
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was held at the Hockey Stadiums (Hockey Stadium, and Hockey Stadium #2).
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On 28 September 1937, the Reichssportfeld hosted ceremonies celebrating
982:), on 15 April 1936. The school served the purposes of the paramilitary
2034:
1946:
1556:
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in November 1989, a match was held 27 January 1990, between Hertha and
1202:
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803:
and Los Angeles, and the torch relay first occurred at the 1936 games.
693:
591:
The main focal point of the entire complex's composition was to be the
229:
3054:"Construction of a new ice pavilion in Berlin-Charlottenburg, Germany"
1758:
are a series of tennis courts in the complex. These courts hosted the
1001:
2â0. After that, all German championship finals were held there until
3089:
2165:
2008 Pyronale Fireworks World Championships was held on the Mayfield.
2103:
2005 International German Gymnastics Festival at the Olympic Stadium.
1810:
1700:
1446:
1340:
306:. The oak was named the "Podbielski-Eiche" after the State Minister.
193:
86:
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seating over 22,000 spectators. It was designed by German architect
2836:. Woodstock, New York: Overlook Press, Peter Meyer Publishers, Inc.
2159:
competition at the Olympic Stadium in 2006. Drew 50,000 spectators.
2089:
31 October 1948, 24,000 attended former Heavyweight World Champion
119:
had been promised to the people of Berlin as "a people's park" by
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1206:
1198:
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471:
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15 May 1920 the "Deutsche Hochschule fĂŒr LeibesĂŒbungen" (German:
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20:
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held his final boxing match, at the WaldbĂŒhne audience of 24,000.
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1518:
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division, gaining international prestige by qualifying for the
1329:
for the 1988â1989 season, and returned to the Olympic Stadium.
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of the Maifeld, as with a temporary 6,000-person stand erected
828:
The Olympic Stadium hosted the opening and closing ceremonies,
759:
furthered the fabricated Greco-German links to the new regime.
661:
1239:
found Hertha BSC guilty of bribery and relegated them to the
544:
Olympischer Platz, parade grounds with the "FĂŒhrerloge", the
2005:
in November 1989, a spontaneous feeling of sympathy between
552:
instead of concrete, requiring 39,538 cubic yards of stone.
1877:) was a multi-use stadium initially used as the stadium of
504:
plans was created hastily, and received Hitler's approval.
682:
The stadium's construction lasted from late 1933 to 1936.
555:
Demolition of the horse race track began in March 1934.
1736:) are equestrian facilities located in the Olympiapark
692:
The Olympic cauldron contained within the stadium used
2350:
Volume 1. pp. 141â9, 154â62. Accessed 17 October 2010.
1707:. Located north of the Olympic Stadium, it hosted the
1532:
In 2005 the antenna in the Olympic Plaza was removed.
928:
events. The venue also served as a training venue for
818:â four track and field medals at the Olympic Stadium.
703:
Another venue that was built for the Olympics was the
566:, the primary east-west thoroughfare out of the city.
356:). The facilities were largely dedicated to educating
2526:
2524:
2030:
matches at Olympic Stadium, including the final match
1335:
the Summer Olympics again were held in Germany, with
714:, not far from the Reichssportfeld complex, were the
244:, United States in the bid for 1916 Summer Olympics.
2886:"Hitler's Olympic Village Faces Conservation Battle"
2625:
Historical dictionary of the modern Olympic movement
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
1382:
at the Olympic Stadium. 50,000 spectators attended.
85:), is a sports and entertainment complex located in
2113:
Opening and closing ceremonies of the 1936 Olympics
1393:Berlin had originally been planning to bid for the
993:was played at the Olympic Stadium on 20 June 1937.
629:) March's new Olympic Stadium took the shape of an
391:
Planned expansion and original Olympic preparations
18:
Sports and entertainment complex in Berlin, Germany
2622:
1848:(or Glockenturm, the German term for a bell tower)
1566:The Olympiapark was one of the main venues of the
3116:"FuĂballstadion: Deutsches Stadion â Die-Fans.de"
2797:
2795:
621:. Unlike most previous Olympic Stadiums (such as
2961:"New plans for the Olympic park the Nazis built"
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
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2532:"Hitler's Ambitious Plans for the 1936 Olympics"
1772:is a tennis venue within the complex. It hosted
3078:Thirdreichruins.com including the swim stadium.
3048:
3046:
1350:Since 1985, the Olympic Stadium has hosted all
644:in Rome. Its size was intended to be imposing.
492:
2676:Vercamer, Arvo; Pipes, Jason (4 August 2020).
2621:Pelle, Kimberly D.; Findling, John E. (1996).
1152:PostâWorld War II and Cold War era (1949â1989)
1732:Reitsport-Anlagen Am Olympiastadion (German:
689:was built 18 km west of the Reichssportfeld.
637:-shape that many other Olympic Stadiums had.
633:rather than using the traditional open-ended
161:. This would become the Gunewald Race Course.
8:
2155:Inaugural Pyronale, a two-day international
974:The "Hochschule fĂŒr LeibesĂŒbungen" (German:
61:
39:
2637:, United States: Greenwood Press. pp.
1301:. This roof, a modern construction made of
918:swimming component of the modern pentathlon
67:
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3018:
3016:
2755:"Nazi Olympics Tangled Politics and Sport"
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1362:Decade of German reunification (1989â1999)
1292:The Olympic Stadium was renovated for the
1069:The Reichssportfeld was heavily bombed by
959:, as well as the fencing component of the
247:The stadium for this was to be located in
2904:"The past was war, the future is cricket"
2374:
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1813:matches, film showings and classical and
1766:competitions of the 1936 Summer Olympics.
1503:final was held at the stadium on 9 July.
2985:
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2981:
2855:
2853:
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1734:Riding-Facilities at the Olympic Stadium
1568:2023 Special Olympics World Summer Games
2928:
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2827:
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2187:
1354:finals, and from 1985 to 2009 also the
155:was able to arrange for the "Union-Klub
2934:"Berlin: A walk in the (Olympic) park"
2861:"Olympiastadion Berlin Visitor Center"
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2116:Closing ceremony of the 2006 World Cup
1273:was replaced by synthetic one made of
447:Olympic preparations by the Nazi Reich
2748:
2746:
2709:
2707:
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2699:
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2348:1936 Summer Olympics official report.
2209:
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2199:
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89:, Germany. The complex served as the
7:
1831:It remains as a modern hockey field.
1620:foils and sabre fencing competitions
1612:foils and sabre fencing competitions
1263:when they played in the Bundesliga.
912:The Olympic Swimming Stadium hosted
823:foils and saber fencing competitions
2888:. Voice of America. 26 August 2012.
2678:"The 1936 Olympic Games in Germany"
1325:. Hertha recovered, and joined the
1269:In 1969, the original ash-covered
951:Haus des Deutschen Sports (German:
750:The Reichsportfeld's reflected the
3204:Venues of the 1936 Summer Olympics
1231:. The match was a 1â1 tie against
1136:Former heavyweight world champion
905:. The Tennis Courts also held the
14:
2959:Dobush, Grace (28 January 2018).
1981:1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994
1689:Olympiapark Schwimmstadion Berlin
1658:and the fencing component of the
1606:Cupola Hall is a 1,200 spectator
1321:in 1986 and moved to the smaller
1164:, before the introduction of the
1158:1950 German football championship
1147:Olympiapark Berlin (1949âpresent)
991:1937 German football championship
783:1936 Olympics ( 1â16 August 1936)
360:teachers, as well as to studying
320:) (DHfL) was founded by Berlin's
2066:World Championships in Athletics
2047:2015 UEFA Champions League Final
1776:, épée fencing component of the
1622:during the 1936 Summer Olympics.
1543:World Championships in Athletics
1399:bid for the 2000 Summer Olympics
859:"Military Concert" (13 August).
344:Deutsches Sportforum (1925â1933)
177:Deutsches Sportforum (1912â1925)
3130:"Match report â Italy â France"
1719:, and the swimming part of the
1703:, Germany, constructed for the
496:â Adolf Hitler, October 5, 1933
401:International Olympic Committee
318:German University for Athletics
198:International Olympic Committee
123:in 1904. Due to this, when the
2753:Berkes, Howard (7 June 2008).
1873:) aka Olympiastadion (German:
1508:Germany national football team
1409:and Governing Mayor of Berlin
1313:in 1979 and the finals of the
1:
1512:Brazil national football team
946:Dietrich Eckhart Amphitheatre
627:Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
322:Friedrich-Wilhelms-University
2995:www.olympiastadion-berlin.de
2902:Muir, Fabian (12 May 2012).
2653:1916 Summer Olympics berlin.
2488:www.olympiastadion-berlin.de
2176:Unité d'Habitation of Berlin
2135:and numerous visiting teams.
2108:Notable entertainment events
1879:German football championship
1739:Landesreiterschule (German:
1628:Sportmuseum Berlin (German:
1216:Inside the Olympic Stadium,
1193:views of Berlin, of Berlin,
757:Dietrich Eckart amphitheatre
599:as the stadium's architect.
482:Prussian Forestry Department
2001:With the demolition of the
1970:European Maccabi Games 2015
1940:Internationales Stadionfest
1889:that were cancelled due to
1693:Berlin Olympic Swim Stadium
1237:German Football Association
980:Reich Academy for Athletics
791:The Reichssportfeld in 1936
442:Reichssportfeld (1933â1949)
3220:
2832:Glancey, Jonathan (1998).
1998:matches at Olympic Stadium
1945:Spring final round of the
1856:is a former parade grounds
1774:the basketball competition
1750:) is an equestrian stadium
1610:which hosted part of the
1088:PostâWorld War (1945â1949)
527:In November 1933 the Nazi
110:
2834:20th Century Architecture
2803:"Berliner Olympiastadion"
1896:Grunewald Race Course: a
1645:Haus des Deutschen Sports
1120:Queen's Official Birthday
1113:Haus des Deutschen Sports
1062:"GroĂdeutscher Rundfunk".
705:Haus des Deutschen Sports
578:surrounding the grounds.
529:Reich Ministry of Finance
266:Work on the stadium, the
255:, to the west of Berlin.
1746:Reiter-stadion (German:
1683:Swimming Stadium in 2008
1463:accommodating 630 cars.
1039:In the earlier years of
838:the football competition
779:) in the northern part.
745:the football competition
3199:Sports venues in Berlin
2068:at the Olympic Stadium.
1959:Notable sporting events
1555:. German instead chose
1488:final, Hertha BSC, and
1319:Amateur-Oberliga Berlin
1049:"Army Sports Festivals"
1009:between 1936 and 1942.
568:Friedrich-Friesen-Allee
183:1906 Intercalated Games
2536:historynewsnetwork.org
1874:
1870:
1819:gymnastics competition
1790:
1747:
1741:National Riding School
1740:
1733:
1692:
1684:
1672:
1649:House of German Sports
1648:
1638:
1637:Eisporthalle (German:
1629:
1600:
1588:
1587:Map of the Olympiapark
979:
975:
953:House of German Sports
952:
944:were contested at the
849:baseball demonstration
792:
687:Berlin Olympic Village
498:
470:
353:
337:
317:
294:
271:
196:was designated by the
169:venue was designed by
142:A horse race track at
62:
40:
28:
3026:"THE AMATEUR STADIUM"
2807:www.worldstadiums.com
1793:or Forest Stage): an
1682:
1665:of the 1936 Olympics.
1586:
1535:Prior to hosting the
1468:Chancellor of Germany
1388:UEFA Champions League
1339:hosting the games in
976:Academy for Athletics
930:the sport of swimming
840:, two matches of the
790:
300:Ancient Olympic Games
292:
159:Döberitzer HeerstraĂe
153:Victor von Podbielski
138:Grunewald Race Course
24:
1990:Association football
1965:1936 Summer Olympics
1887:1916 Summer Olympics
1705:1936 Summer Olympics
1597:Deutsches Sportforum
1553:2024 Summer Olympics
1395:2004 Summer Olympics
1283:1972 Summer Olympics
1016:'s visit to Berlin.
206:1908 Summer Olympics
202:1916 Summer Olympics
190:1912 Summer Olympics
95:1936 Summer Olympics
41:Deutsches Sportforum
3166: /
2991:"Facts and Figures"
2940:. 16 September 2012
2028:2006 FIFA World Cup
1996:1974 FIFA World Cup
1630:Sport Museum Berlin
1501:2006 FIFA World Cup
1443:2006 FIFA World Cup
1294:1974 FIFA World Cup
1279:the Olympic Stadium
1241:Regionalliga Berlin
623:Panathenaic Stadium
354:German Sports Forum
340:) for the complex.
36:Berlin Olympic Park
2865:www.visitberlin.de
2170:Nearby attractions
2049:at Olympic Stadium
2016:8 September 2004,
1985:at Olympic Stadium
1942:at Olympic Stadium
1936:at Olympic Stadium
1930:at Olympic Stadium
1846:Olympic Bell Tower
1685:
1589:
1223:On 24 August 1963
967:After the Olympics
836:, four matches of
834:equestrian jumping
793:
572:Olympische Strasse
546:Olympic Bell Tower
510:Schwarzburg Bridge
358:physical education
295:
200:(IOC) to host the
121:Emperor Wilhelm II
55:German Sport Forum
38:), previously the
32:Olympiapark Berlin
29:
3170:52.516°N 13.239°E
3094:www.igo-berlin.de
2938:abitofculture.net
2908:Cricinfo Magazine
2648:978-0-313-28477-9
1976:American football
1867:Deutsches Stadion
1854:Olympischer Platz
1778:modern pentathlon
1721:modern pentathlon
1699:venue located in
1660:modern pentathlon
1601:German Sportforum
1527:Their second team
1482:Franz Beckenbauer
1356:women's DFB-Pokal
1299:DĂŒbbers and Krahe
1173:transistor radios
1043:the complex, the
1007:German cup finals
1005:, as well as six
989:The final of the
961:modern pentathlon
847:, as well as the
608:Nazi architecture
377:Battle of Leipzig
338:German Sportforum
293:Deutsches Stadion
268:Deutsches Stadion
111:"A people's park"
3211:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3086:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3022:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3001:on 27 April 2015
2997:. Archived from
2987:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2930:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2899:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2857:
2838:
2837:
2829:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2799:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2727:
2719:
2686:
2685:
2682:www.fieldgau.com
2673:
2656:
2655:
2628:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2594:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2567:. 11 August 1912
2562:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2538:. 22 August 2004
2528:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2480:
2351:
2345:
2146:Benito Mussolini
2129:Daniel Barenboim
1934:Frauen DFB Pokal
1906:Grunewald Forest
1836:Other facilities
1478:Eberhard Diepgen
1471:Gerhard Schröder
1437:A new millennium
1411:Eberhard Diepgen
1014:Benito Mussolini
716:Deutschlandhalle
672:Olympic cauldron
619:Michigan Stadium
280:Grunewaldstadion
253:Grunewald Forest
133:
115:The area in the
84:
81:
75:
72:
69:
65:
59:
56:
53:
50:
47:
43:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3184:
3183:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3034:
3032:
3024:
3023:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2989:
2988:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2922:
2912:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2859:
2858:
2841:
2831:
2830:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2801:
2800:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2689:
2675:
2674:
2659:
2649:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2570:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2530:
2529:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2482:
2481:
2354:
2346:
2189:
2184:
2172:
2150:Joseph Goebbels
2142:
2110:
2100:
2086:
2075:
2056:
1992:
1978:
1961:
1924:
1919:
1883:Olympic Stadium
1875:Olympic Stadium
1863:
1838:
1805:Stage), a Nazi
1803:Dietrich Eckart
1639:Ice Sports Hall
1581:
1576:
1475:Mayor of Berlin
1461:parking garages
1439:
1364:
1345:an Olympic Park
1257:Tennis Borussia
1235:. In 1965, the
1154:
1149:
1090:
1037:
999:1. FC Nuremberg
969:
809:Joseph Goebbels
785:
593:Olympic Stadium
495:
461:Weimar Republic
449:
444:
407:, Switzerland.
393:
346:
179:
140:
127:
113:
108:
103:
82:
76:
73:
70:
63:Reichssportfeld
57:
54:
51:
48:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3217:
3215:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3186:
3185:
3175:52.516; 13.239
3148:
3147:
3121:
3107:
3081:
3070:
3042:
3012:
2977:
2951:
2920:
2891:
2877:
2839:
2819:
2771:
2742:
2687:
2657:
2647:
2613:
2597:New York Times
2581:
2565:New York Times
2549:
2500:
2352:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2153:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2117:
2114:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2014:
1999:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:American Bowls
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1894:
1871:German Stadium
1862:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1822:
1791:Woodland Stage
1784:
1770:Tennis Stadium
1767:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1730:
1727:Olympiastadion
1724:
1677:
1676:
1666:
1642:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1623:
1615:
1594:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1490:Berlin Thunder
1438:
1435:
1363:
1360:
1233:1. FC NĂŒrnberg
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1089:
1086:
1045:"Hitlerjugend"
1036:
1033:
968:
965:
957:fencing events
899:Tennis Stadium
784:
781:
720:Mommsenstadion
534:Hans Pfundtner
448:
445:
443:
440:
392:
389:
345:
342:
333:Theodor Lewald
284:Berlin Stadium
272:German Stadium
249:Charlottenburg
192:, the city of
178:
175:
139:
136:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
26:Olympiastadion
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3216:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:Olympic Parks
3192:
3191:
3189:
3182:
3179:
3136:. 9 July 2006
3135:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3074:
3071:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2966:
2962:
2955:
2952:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2731:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2599:. 9 June 1913
2598:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2566:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
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2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2091:Max Schmeling
2088:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1922:Annual events
1921:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1815:rock concerts
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1756:Tennis Courts
1754:
1749:
1748:Rider-stadium
1745:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1529:plays there.
1528:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1456:playing field
1453:
1452:running track
1448:
1444:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1431:Walter Bau-AG
1427:
1426:Berlin Senate
1422:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1327:2. Bundesliga
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:running track
1267:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:Max Schmeling
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1071:Allied forces
1067:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:FC Schalke 04
992:
987:
985:
981:
977:
972:
966:
964:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
939:
937:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:Tennis Courts
891:
888:
885:
881:
877:
876:perpendicular
873:
869:
865:
860:
856:
854:
850:
846:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
824:
819:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:Olympic flame
789:
782:
780:
778:
774:
770:
765:
760:
758:
753:
748:
746:
742:
739:
735:
732:
731:weightlifting
728:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
701:
699:
698:Olympic Flame
695:
690:
688:
683:
680:
677:
673:
668:
663:
658:
655:
652:
650:
645:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
614:
611:
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
589:
586:
583:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
556:
553:
549:
547:
541:
539:
538:Wilhelm Frick
535:
530:
525:
523:
519:
513:
511:
505:
501:
497:
491:
488:
483:
477:
475:
473:
467:
462:
457:
454:
446:
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431:
428:
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420:
416:
412:
408:
406:
402:
397:
390:
388:
384:
380:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
362:sport science
359:
355:
351:
343:
341:
339:
334:
329:
325:
323:
319:
314:
311:
307:
305:
301:
291:
287:
285:
281:
277:
276:cycling track
273:
269:
264:
260:
256:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
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3058:AIC-Chemnitz
3057:
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3029:
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2999:the original
2994:
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2965:Handelsblatt
2964:
2954:
2942:. Retrieved
2937:
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2880:
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2569:. Retrieved
2564:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2535:
2491:. Retrieved
2487:
2157:pyrotechnics
2140:Other events
1952:ISTAF Berlin
1917:Sport events
1898:horse racing
1826:field hockey
1799:Werner March
1795:amphitheatre
1760:épée fencing
1565:
1550:
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1337:West Germany
1331:
1308:
1291:
1287:West Germany
1268:
1265:
1261:Blau-WeiĂ 90
1222:
1218:"FĂŒhrerloge"
1217:
1215:
1187:
1177:
1170:
1155:
1142:
1135:
1131:Olympic Bell
1128:
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1068:
1065:
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1041:World War II
1038:
1035:World War II
1029:
1025:World War II
1018:
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988:
973:
970:
950:
940:
936:Field hockey
934:
911:
907:épée fencing
892:
889:
878:to the main
868:the dressage
861:
857:
853:the marathon
827:
820:
813:
794:
777:field hockey
771:, swimming,
761:
752:chauvinistic
749:
710:Also in the
709:
702:
691:
684:
681:
659:
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604:Roman Empire
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597:Albert Speer
590:
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584:
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487:Adolf Hitler
478:
474:Sports Field
458:
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374:
370:Walter March
366:Werner March
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167:horse racing
164:
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114:
91:Olympic Park
80:Sports Field
35:
34:(German for
31:
30:
15:
3173: /
3096:(in German)
2759:www.npr.org
2730:ocw.mit.edu
2003:Berlin Wall
1891:World War I
1829:competition
1781:competition
1663:competition
1656:competition
1625:Schwimmhaus
1376:East Berlin
1372:Berlin Wall
1323:Poststadion
1285:in Munich,
1245:Berlin Wall
1211:Hennigsdorf
1175:in Berlin.
845:competition
816:Jesse Owens
741:competition
734:competition
727:competition
564:Heerstrasse
518:Hoppegarten
222:Netherlands
188:During the
144:Hoppegarten
128: [
3188:Categories
3161:13°14âČ20âłE
3158:52°30âČ58âłN
3090:"Ăber uns"
3030:Hertha BSC
3005:27 January
2944:27 January
2870:27 January
2812:23 January
2764:23 January
2735:23 January
2542:23 January
2493:26 January
2182:References
2133:Hertha BSC
2098:Gymnastics
2007:Hertha BSC
1807:thingplatz
1764:basketball
1717:water polo
1608:auditorium
1593:Wurfplatz.
1407:John Major
1315:German Cup
1229:Bundesliga
1225:Hertha BSC
1183:ammunition
1166:Bundesliga
1021:Lebensraum
942:Gymnastics
926:water polo
903:basketball
880:grandstand
773:equestrian
736:, and the
649:Nazi flags
522:Karlshorst
210:Alexandria
171:Otto March
125:Union-Klub
60:) and the
2484:"History"
2054:Athletics
1928:DFB-Pokal
1869:(German:
1789:(German:
1787:WaldbĂŒhne
1691:(German:
1671:(German:
1647:(German:
1599:(German:
1486:DFB-Pokal
1419:Colosseum
1352:DFB-Pokal
1303:Plexiglas
1191:panoramic
1180:anti-tank
1099:Carl Diem
1057:Blaupunkt
997:defeated
830:athletics
805:Carl Diem
801:Amsterdam
764:Wagnerian
724:wrestling
667:prop door
642:Colosseum
635:horseshoe
576:greenbelt
451:When the
435:Carl Diem
331:In 1925,
270:(German:
251:, in the
242:Cleveland
218:Amsterdam
117:Grunewald
3134:FIFA.com
3100:17 March
3035:24 April
2970:22 April
2631:Westport
2073:Baseball
2042:UEFA Cup
2011:FC Union
1713:swimming
1697:aquatics
1695:) is an
1673:Mayfield
1380:FC Union
1368:the fall
1358:finals.
1311:UEFA Cup
1281:for the
1275:Rekortan
1253:Tasmania
1201:valley,
1081:Red Army
922:swimming
897:and the
884:parallel
842:handball
769:football
696:to keep
405:Lausanne
234:Budapest
226:Brussels
149:Ruhleben
3140:13 July
3063:30 June
2603:23 July
2571:23 July
2035:DFB Cup
2022:Germany
2020:played
1947:DFB Cup
1912:hockey.
1904:in the
1723:events.
1669:Maifeld
1653:fencing
1579:Current
1561:its bid
1557:Hamburg
1370:of the
1333:In 1972
1203:Potsdam
1195:Spandau
1124:cricket
955:) held
864:Maifeld
712:Westend
694:propane
304:Olympia
238:Hungary
230:Belgium
101:History
93:of the
71:
49:
2913:12 May
2645:
2084:Boxing
2018:Brazil
1861:Former
1811:boxing
1709:diving
1701:Berlin
1574:Venues
1447:Teflon
1366:After
1341:Munich
1249:Plumpe
924:, and
914:diving
775:, and
738:boxing
729:, the
676:cellar
490:team.
240:; and
194:Berlin
87:Berlin
2726:(PDF)
2641:â53.
2593:(PDF)
2561:(PDF)
2079:time.
2040:2008
2037:Final
2033:2007
1902:track
1207:Nauen
1199:Havel
901:held
866:held
472:Reich
466:Nazis
453:Nazis
214:Egypt
132:]
78:Reich
3142:2014
3102:2015
3065:2016
3037:2019
3007:2015
2972:2019
2946:2015
2915:2012
2872:2015
2814:2015
2766:2015
2737:2015
2643:ISBN
2605:2009
2573:2009
2544:2015
2495:2015
2127:and
2125:Nena
2121:P!nk
2063:IAAF
2060:2009
2009:and
1762:and
1559:and
1540:IIAF
1537:2009
1519:UEFA
1506:The
1494:bomb
1259:and
1209:and
1197:the
1162:1962
1160:and
1118:The
1003:1944
893:The
872:polo
870:and
862:The
718:and
685:The
631:oval
625:and
520:and
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