88:
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25:
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was created with barbed-wire fence to imprison those inside. More than 4,000 Jews were shot to death by Nazi and
Ukrainian forces in the summer of 1942, in and around the Olyka ghetto, Radziwill Fortress, Olyka Castle, and surrounding areas. Monuments outside Olyka commemorate this massacre. The mass
786:
Accounts vary as to the total number of Jews in and around Olyka who had died by the time the Olyka ghetto was liquidated in July/August 1942. Given the circumstances of Nazi massacres, it has been difficult to accurately count the dead. Most reports state the total amounted to 5,220 to 5,673 Jews.
762:
entered Olyka, destroyed houses, killed 100 Jews, and kept the remaining Jews in an open ghetto. Around 150 Jews evacuated eastward; most Jews stayed in the ghetto. Jews and non-Jewish
Ukrainians continued to trade goods and food in and around the ghetto; for example, an Olyka ghetto Jew traded his
707:
In 1897 a total of 2,606 people – 50 percent of the total Olyka population – were Jews, and that amount increased when many Jewish refugees from nearby towns fled to Olyka during World War I. According to the 1921 census, the number of Jews living in Olyka had decreased to 2,086 individuals.
92:(left to right, top to bottom) 1) Orthodox Holy Trinity Church. 2) ruin. 3) Catholic Collegiate Church of the Holy Trinity. 4a) Catholic church of SS Peter and Paul. 4b) Ruins of Catholic cemetery chapel. 5) Orthodox Church of the Presentation of the Lord. 6) Olyka Castle.
717:
1235:
2283:
1804:
1650:
1489:
1446:
1415:
791:
remaining in the ghetto were shot to death. Although Olyka's Great
Synagogue was intact after the summer 1942 ghetto liquidation, it was destroyed by war's end.
471:
1432:
Słownik geograficzny Królewstwa
Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich [Geographical dictionary of Polish Kingdom and other Slavic countries], vol. 7
505:. As the main seat of one of the branches of the influential Radziwill family, Olyka became one of the most important political and trade centres of all of
803:
1276:
2273:
692:
the first Olyker rebbe. He was followed by his son Rabbi Yosef (Yoseph) Dovid, who was followed by his son Rabbi
Mordechai (he authored a book called
46:
33:
1845:
767:
Aktion of August 1941, 720 Jews, including Rabbi Alter Yosef Dovid Landa, were killed at the Olyka Castle and at the town's Jewish cemetery towards
2278:
568:
134:
545:
2156:
2104:
1229:
747:
1272:
567:, when Germany attacked the Soviet Union, the German occupation started and lasted until 1944. Olyka was attacked and deeply damaged by
929:
According to the last census from 2001, there were 3,255 people living in Olyka. It is estimated 3,083 people lived there as of 2017.
490:
1931:
1748:
1460:
167:
1603:
612:
The
Calvinist Church, converted in 1580 to a Catholic church of the Holy Trinity, and from 1592 dedicated to Apostles Peter and Paul
104:
1818:
677:
After the
Cossack Chmielnicki Uprising of 1648, 20 out of 30 Jewish households survived. It was believed that the prayer by Rabbi
1606:[Volhynia, Podole and Czerwieńska Land, Ołyka (Volyn Governate)] (in Polish). Galeria Malarstwa Polskiego. Archived from
609:(surrounded by Radziwill Fortress) – late 16th century, expanded in the mid-18th century, damaged after 1945, restored after 1990
459:
485:
In the second half of the 16th century, during the
Protestant Reformation, the town became one of the most important centres of
775:
701:
754:. Jewish organizations and institutions were forced to disband. After the German invasion of Ukraine in June 1941, as part of
795:'s Holon Cemetery has a monument in memory of those Jews of Olyka and its surroundings, who were murdered in the Holocaust.
750:, many Jewish refugees from central and western Poland settled in Olyka in the fall of 1939, as did 60 Jewish refugees from
1546:"To the history of the right-bank towns in encyclopedias of the 18–21 centuries (on the example of Olyka princely town)"
1350:
387:
38:
1258:
513:
1700:
452:
345:
2065:
2021:
1974:
597:. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Olyka became a rural settlement.
246:
2089:"I. The Murder of Ukraine's Jews under German Military Administration and in the Reich Commissariat Ukraine"
1870:
743:
721:
2120:
1952:
1585:
1743:. Bloomington, IN: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum/Indiana University Press. pp. 1435–1436.
1738:
594:
521:
1740:
Encyclopedia of Camps and
Ghettos, 1933–1945 Volume II Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe Part B
2172:
2254:
2121:"A stone monument in memory of the Jews of Olyka and its surroundings, who perished in the Holocaust"
1396:
798:
Fewer than 30 Jews escaped to the forest in the summer of 1942. Of those survivors, 23 men created a
759:
755:
564:
556:
541:
494:
320:
1522:
739:. It is an important place of Jewish memory. Rabbi Alter Yosef Dovid Landa and his family perished.
681:
miraculously saved the Jewish and non-Jewish citizens of Olyka from the
Cossacks' assault of 1651.
937:
The climate in Olyka is cold and temperate, with significant rainfall that occurs mostly in July.
1798:
1644:
1470:
1440:
1409:
678:
552:
360:
217:
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2043:
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2100:
1927:
1786:
1744:
1567:
429:
229:
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1621:
1226:(born c. 1923), toymaker, poker player, author, and entrepreneur (resided in Olyka 1939–1941)
1607:
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1430:
1373:
799:
671:
644:
376:
261:
1953:"Online Guide of Murder Sites of Jews in the Former USSR: Wolyn region (until 1939 Poland)"
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1223:
716:
670:
Jewish presence in Olyka dates back to the 16th century, and in the late 17th century the
654:
537:
479:
463:
458:
Under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the village grew rapidly and became a centre of local
368:
720:
Monument outside Olyka commemorating over 4,000 Jews massacred during Holocaust in 1942,
764:
751:
517:
446:
442:
2267:
1322:
Jewish Cultural Studies, vol. 1, Jewishness: Expression, Identity, and Representation
1134:
583:
422:
774:
In March 1942, Jews from surrounding villages were brought into Olyka, and a closed
2142:
1765:
736:
606:
579:
575:
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395:
222:
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639:
1921:
1545:
2194:
2092:
529:
525:
502:
438:
391:
234:
806:
in the region against the Nazis, and a small number survived after early 1943.
532:
in 1915 and 1916, the area was a scene of heavy fighting between the forces of
2219:
696:). He was followed by his son Rabbi Shimon Shloima (he authored a book called
649:
1571:
1232:(1595–1656), Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth politician, Lithuanian chancellor
182:
169:
2258:
2148:
In the Shadow of the Red Banner: Soviet Jews in the War Against Nazi Germany
1999:
1790:
728:
634:
501:, plundered and burnt. However, it was soon rebuilt and in 1654 it received
486:
467:
305:
802:
unit with 30 Jews already outside the village. They joined the underground
524:. In the 19th century, it continued to play a role as a centre of wood and
24:
1767:
Pinkas ha-kehila Olyka. Sefer yizkor (Memorial book of community of Olyka)
768:
506:
2240:
788:
685:
587:
498:
399:
241:
210:
1562:
615:
Roman Catholic Collegiate Church of the Holy Trinity (1635–1645)
792:
533:
475:
327:
310:
727:
Olyka's large Jewish community was completely destroyed during the
417:
1317:
715:
621:
Orthodox Christian Church of the Presentation in the Temple (1784)
428:
416:
403:
1896:"Holocaust Encyclopedia: Invasion of the Soviet Union, June 1941"
1324:. Oxford: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. pp. 58–84.
763:
house for sixteen kilograms of rye due to famine. As part of the
704:), who was followed by his son Rabbi Alter Yosef (Yoseph) Dovid.
1604:"Wołyń, Podole i Ziemia Czerwieńska, Ołyka (Gubernija Wołyńska)"
828:
732:
1955:. The International Institute for Holocaust Research/Yad Vashem
1265:
Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022
18:
2046:. International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies
1220:
Janusz Chodnikiewicz (born 1936), film director and producer
823:
2097:
The Shoah in Ukraine: history, testimony, memorialization
1865:
1863:
1926:. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. p. 135.
1429:
Clebowski, Bronisław; Walewski, Władysław, eds. (1888).
1687:
Encyclopaedia of Jewish Communities, Poland (Volume V)
1260:Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022
700:
and was father-in-law of Rabbi Yochanan Perlow of the
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
624:
Orthodox Christian Church of the Holy Trinity (1886)
474:
became Duke of Olyka. In 1569, Olyka became part of
1395:Stecki, Tadeusz J. (1887). "Radziwiłłowska Ołyka".
344:
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1318:"A Synagogue in Olyka: Architecture and Legends"
1253:
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674:became one of the largest in the Volhyn Region.
2214:
2212:
497:of 1648, during which the town was captured by
76:
437:The village of Olyka was founded in the early
688:dynasty that was founded by the famous Rabbi
544:, the town was restored to Poland as part of
8:
814:
779:grave is located on the road to Zhornische (
593:Until 26 January 2024, Olyka was designated
2151:. Gefen Publishing House Ltd. p. 326.
1915:
1913:
1665:"פורים אליק כ"ו סיון - אידישע וועלט פארומס"
1462:The New York Times Index, Volume 4, Issue 2
1311:
1309:
406:on the Putylivka Rriver. Its population is
2284:Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany
2000:"Execution Sites of Jewish Victims: Olyka"
1803:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1676:
1674:
1649:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1445:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1414:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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813:
451:. In the 14th century it was conquered by
68:
2173:"Olyka in Kivėrcivs'kyj rajon (Volhynia)"
1898:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1561:
586:. Since 1991 it is a part of independent
1923:Life In The Ghettos During The Holocaust
1890:
1888:
1238:(1702–1762), equestrian, hetman, starost
548:, and the local palace was refurbished.
445:. It was first mentioned in 1149 in the
441:as one of the villages belonging to the
49:of all important aspects of the article.
2044:"International Jewish Cemetery Project"
1947:
1945:
1943:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1689:. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem. pp. 1–25.
1488:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1247:
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96:
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16:Rural locality in Volyn Oblast, Ukraine
1796:
1642:
1622:"Image at Galeria Malarstwa Polskiego"
1478:
1468:
1438:
1407:
569:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
45:Please consider expanding the lead to
1683:"The History of the Jews of Volhynia"
343:
316:
295:
287:
274:
259:
239:
227:
215:
7:
1586:"Что изменится в Украине с 1 января"
1236:Michał Kazimierz "Rybeńko" Radziwiłł
787:In early 1943, 130 remaining Jewish
516:(1795), the town was annexed by the
1376:. Lithuanian Publishers Association
1273:State Statistics Service of Ukraine
684:Olyka was the cradle of the Olyker
380:
1550:The Encyclopedia Herald of Ukraine
1544:Zhovtyansky, Victor (2022-12-15).
1353:. Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
1271:(in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv:
618:The Lutsk Gate of the city (1630s)
14:
2123:. Ghetto Fighters' House Archives
1871:"Commemoration of Jewish Victims"
1282:from the original on 4 July 2022.
279:491 km (190 sq mi)
2274:Rural settlements in Lutsk Raion
944:Climate data for Olyka, Ukraine
735:persecutions at the site of the
203:
140:
133:
110:
103:
86:
23:
2195:"Cities & Towns of Ukraine"
1701:"Rabbi Shimon Shloima of Landa"
1635:Biber, Menachem-Mendel (1903).
737:Radziwill Fortress/Olyka Castle
493:. Its growth was halted by the
37:may be too short to adequately
2279:Holocaust locations in Ukraine
1465:. New York. 1916. p. 112.
491:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
66:Place in Volyn Oblast, Ukraine
47:provide an accessible overview
1:
1846:"YIU Field Course in Ukraine"
1592:(in Russian). 1 January 2024.
1374:"Mikołaj Radziwiłł the Black"
742:Following the September 1939
141:
111:
2099:. Indiana University Press.
1316:Kravtsov, Sergey R. (2008).
1230:Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł
722:photo by Sergei Shvardovskyi
578:the area was annexed by the
1781:Grinstein, Michael (1973).
1398:Przegląd Powszechny, vol. 9
1320:. In Bronner, Simon (ed.).
1063:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
993:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
559:, the town was occupied by
472:Mikolaj Radziwill the Black
433:Street in Olyka (1912–1914)
2300:
1770:. Tel Aviv: Olyka Society.
1435:. Warsaw. pp. 527–28.
1206:
943:
582:and incorporated into the
462:, initially the family of
1132:
1062:
992:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
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963:
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948:
922:
841:—
514:Third Partition of Poland
364:
300:637/km (1,650/sq mi)
163:
97:
85:
77:
1681:Spector, Shmuel (1990).
1639:. Vilnius. pp. 5–6.
1259:
453:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
402:. It is located east of
247:Olyka settlement hromada
124:Show map of Volyn Oblast
1920:Sterling, Eric (2005).
744:Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact
629:Other Radziwill estates
520:and became part of the
1764:Livneh, Natan (1972).
724:
434:
426:
408:3,032 (2022 estimate).
372:
2087:Pohl, Dieter (2008).
1819:"Written Testimonies"
1737:Dean, Martin (2012).
1207:Source: Climate-Data
815:Historical population
719:
595:urban-type settlement
522:Volhynian Governorate
466:and, after 1533, the
432:
421:Olyka, watercolor by
420:
319: • Summer (
183:50.71667°N 25.81667°E
2241:Janusz Chodnikiewicz
2066:"Żorniszcze Village"
2022:"Radziwill Fortress"
1610:on 11 December 2002.
756:Operation Barbarossa
748:Occupation of Poland
565:Operation Barbarossa
557:Nazi-Soviet Alliance
553:Polish Defensive War
542:Polish-Bolshevik War
495:Khmelnytsky Uprising
297: • Density
2175:. citypopulation.de
1785:. Los Angeles, CA.
1372:Narbutas, Sigitas.
923:Source: Census data
816:
179: /
154:Show map of Ukraine
2091:. In Ray Brandon;
746:and German-Soviet
725:
679:David HaLevi Segal
448:Hypatian Chronicle
435:
427:
289: • Total
276: • Total
188:50.71667; 25.81667
2158:978-965-229-487-6
2106:978-0-253-35084-8
1975:"Jewish Cemetery"
1563:10.37068/evu.14.5
1211:
1210:
927:
926:
694:Gedulas Mordechai
601:Notable landmarks
546:Wołyń Voivodeship
354:
353:
253:The first mention
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2220:"Climate: Olyka"
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702:Karliner Dynasty
698:Shekel Hakodesh,
690:Hersh Leib Landa
672:Jewish community
666:Pre-World War II
555:of 1939 and the
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2197:. Tim Bespyatov
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2002:. Yahad-In Unum
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760:German 6th Army
714:
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661:Jewish presence
655:Niasvizh Castle
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538:Austria-Hungary
480:Union of Lublin
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2249:External links
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2222:. Climate-Data
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1933:978-0815608035
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423:Napoleon Orda
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262:Magdeburg law
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164:Coordinates:
136:
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48:
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21:
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2236:
2224:. Retrieved
2199:. Retrieved
2189:
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2167:
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2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2115:
2096:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2068:. Yad Vashem
2060:
2048:. Retrieved
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2024:. Yad Vashem
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1979:. Retrieved
1977:. Yad Vashem
1969:
1957:. Retrieved
1922:
1900:. Retrieved
1875:. Retrieved
1873:. Yad Vashem
1850:. Retrieved
1823:. Retrieved
1821:. Yad Vashem
1813:
1782:
1776:
1766:
1759:
1739:
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1695:
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1636:
1630:
1616:
1608:the original
1598:
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1525:. Yad Vashem
1461:
1455:
1431:
1424:
1397:
1390:
1378:. Retrieved
1367:
1355:. Retrieved
1321:
1264:
1137:mm (inches)
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928:
797:
785:
773:
741:
731:, including
726:
706:
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689:
683:
676:
669:
607:Olyka Castle
592:
580:Soviet Union
576:World War II
573:
561:Soviet Union
550:
540:. After the
511:
484:
457:
447:
436:
396:Volyn Oblast
383:
356:
355:
223:Volyn Oblast
52:
36:
34:lead section
2093:Wendy Lower
1783:Never Again
1479:|work=
530:World War I
526:grain trade
503:city rights
443:Kievan Rus'
439:Middle Ages
392:Lutsk Raion
335:Postal code
235:Lutsk Raion
186: /
2268:Categories
1243:References
810:Population
804:resistance
781:Żorniszcze
650:Mir Castle
478:after the
470:. In 1548
468:Radziwills
398:, western
284:Population
2259:JewishGen
2179:21 August
1799:cite book
1645:cite book
1572:2706-9990
1556:: 43–56.
1481:ignored (
1471:cite book
1441:cite book
1410:cite book
1404:. Kraków.
729:Holocaust
640:Kėdainiai
635:Dubingiai
528:. During
487:Calvinism
361:Ukrainian
350:+380 3365
346:Area code
306:Time zone
174:25°49′0″E
171:50°43′0″N
39:summarize
2145:(2010).
2095:(eds.).
1791:45643150
1277:Archived
1133:Average
800:partisan
789:artisans
769:Czemeryn
507:Volhynia
499:Cossacks
460:magnates
55:May 2022
2226:30 July
2201:30 July
2127:11 July
2072:16 July
2050:16 July
2028:25 July
2006:16 July
1981:25 July
1959:16 July
1902:16 July
1877:25 July
1852:11 July
1825:11 July
1707:26 July
1529:25 July
1523:"Olyka"
1380:26 July
1357:26 July
1351:"Olyka"
1202:(22.3)
1128:(37.5)
1123:(23.4)
1113:(38.8)
1108:(46.9)
1103:(54.0)
1098:(55.9)
1088:(46.6)
1083:(36.9)
1078:(25.3)
1073:(18.9)
1068:(17.4)
1058:(52.5)
1053:(32.2)
1048:(41.4)
1043:(53.8)
1038:(64.9)
1028:(75.0)
1023:(72.9)
1013:(54.3)
1008:(38.3)
1003:(29.8)
998:(28.0)
933:Climate
686:Hasidic
588:Ukraine
512:In the
489:in the
413:History
400:Ukraine
386:) is a
377:Yiddish
242:Hromada
211:Ukraine
199:Country
2155:
2103:
1930:
1789:
1747:
1703:. Geni
1570:
1267:]
1197:(1.5)
1192:(1.5)
1187:(1.5)
1182:(2.1)
1177:(2.6)
1172:(3.1)
1167:(2.8)
1162:(2.3)
1157:(1.5)
1152:(1.0)
1147:(1.2)
1142:(1.2)
949:Month
885:−13.0%
874:−10.9%
793:Israel
776:ghetto
758:, the
574:After
534:Russia
476:Poland
425:(1874)
369:Polish
330:(EEST)
218:Oblast
208:
1402:(PDF)
1280:(PDF)
1269:(PDF)
1263:[
1118:(32)
1093:(54)
1033:(73)
1018:(66)
988:Year
918:−1.8%
915:3,083
912:2017
907:−0.1%
904:3,138
901:2014
896:−3.5%
893:3,141
890:2010
882:3,255
879:2001
871:3,741
868:1989
863:+5.9%
860:4,199
857:1979
852:+1.5%
849:3,965
846:1970
838:3,905
835:1959
464:Kiška
404:Lutsk
373:Ołyka
365:Олика
357:Olyka
339:45263
328:UTC+3
313:(EET)
311:UTC+2
292:3,032
230:Raion
148:Olyka
118:Olyka
78:Олика
73:Olyka
2228:2017
2203:2017
2181:2017
2153:ISBN
2129:2017
2101:ISBN
2074:2017
2052:2017
2030:2017
2008:2017
1983:2017
1961:2017
1928:ISBN
1904:2017
1879:2017
1854:2017
1827:2017
1805:link
1787:OCLC
1745:ISBN
1709:2017
1651:link
1568:ISSN
1531:2017
1490:link
1483:help
1447:link
1416:link
1382:2017
1359:2017
1121:−4.8
1101:12.2
1096:13.3
1076:−3.7
1071:−7.3
1066:−8.1
1056:11.4
1041:12.1
1036:18.3
1026:23.9
1021:22.7
1011:12.4
1001:−1.2
996:−2.2
985:Dec
982:Nov
979:Oct
976:Sep
973:Aug
970:Jul
967:Jun
964:May
961:Apr
958:Mar
955:Feb
952:Jan
824:Pop.
820:Year
733:Nazi
536:and
384:Olik
381:אליק
271:Area
266:1564
256:1149
2257:at
1558:doi
1200:568
1126:3.0
1111:3.8
1106:8.3
1086:8.1
1081:2.7
1051:0.1
1046:5.2
1006:3.5
783:).
390:in
321:DST
2270::
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1991:^
1942:^
1912:^
1887:^
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1835:^
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1190:39
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1175:66
1170:80
1165:71
1160:58
1155:37
1150:26
1145:30
1140:31
1091:12
1031:23
1016:19
829:±%
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590:.
509:.
482:.
455:.
394:,
379::
375:,
371::
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363::
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2205:.
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2010:.
1985:.
1963:.
1936:.
1906:.
1881:.
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1829:.
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