Omar Sharaf - Knowledge (XXG)

837: 937: 929: 752:, wife of president Sadat, specialized in caring for the poor, the mentally and physically challenged, and the disabled. Mrs. Sadat was keen to learn from ambassador Sharaf and his wife about Sweden's experience and expertise in caring for paraplegics and the disabled. Besides their regular diplomatic activities, the couple hosted and organized bazaars, fundraisers, cultural and musical galas for the benefit of the Egyptian charity. Through her work on behalf of Al Wafa' Wa Amal in Stockholm, Noha. With the assistance of her husband, was able to collect gifts and donations in the form of hospital equipment for the benefit of the charity. On one occasion, she was reported in the Egyptian press to have succeeded in collecting 100 hospital beds and 45 wheelchairs. 1255: 776:, with a request to forward translations of Mahfouz's work for further study and evaluation by the Swedish Academy. Sharaf acted on the request, only to be rebuffed by Cairo and presented with an alternative candidate, which the academy politely declined as all nominations were its sole prerogative and mandate and did not yield to government pressure. Sharaf would express disappointment at Cairo's incomprehensible stance on the issue, believing it would have made an enormous difference to the cause of Arabic literature, to Egypt, to him as ambassador, and naturally to Mahfouz, had the latter been nominated and won the prize, joining the list of Nobel Laureates for that year. 836: 1173:

regarded by many as a sanguine, gregarious, and happy-go-lucky person. He valued his family and often took them along on his various travels. He was a moderate person, with few enemies compared to some members of his family clan. Sharaf had no conflict furthering Egypt's interests including those with Israel by maintaining cordial and polite relations with his Israeli Counterpart in Stockholm, ambassador Mordecay Kidron, who also happened to be his next door neighbor. He also chose, out of the available pictures at his disposal, to have printed in a local Cairo monthly magazine a photograph taken of him welcoming, as doyen of the consular corps,

1000: 1299: 1164:. Sharaf's extensive knowledge of Asian affairs, his wit and humor made him amenable to Mubarak. Mubarak would later appoint Sharaf as his ambassador to China. Mubarak would also make his first of several visits to China as president of Egypt during Sharaf's tenure in Beijing. Later, Mubarak would also consent to Sharaf's appointment to the position of Assistant Secretary General of the Arab League. Upon his death, the president and the Secretary General of the Arab League would both mourn Sharaf's loss. 1276: 956:(1915–1988, and in office from 1964 to 1971), a veteran of the British colonial service. The position of Doyen would also bring Sharaf and his wife Noha closer to the-then director of protocol in Hong Kong, Brigadier Sir Rainald Lewthwaite OBE (1913–2003), aka Ray Lewthwaite, and his American-born wife Margaret Edmonds Lewthwaite (MBE) (1907–1990), aka Peggy Lewthwaite. Ray Lewthwaite, a former British officer who had served in Egypt and North Africa during 1052:. When Sharaf joined the Egyptian mission at New York it was headed by ambassador Omar Loutfi, one of Egypt's most distinguished, accomplished and vocal diplomats. Loutfi was a fervent nationalist who opposed superpower expansion and involvement in the Middle East. He would instill in Sharaf a respect for the importance of upholding international law in an increasingly divided and polarized world. Loutfi would later assume the position of 972:, Middle East (1961–1966). He was involved with providing solutions to the plight of refugees and assistance to internally displaced persons on the African continent, ensuring their protection, well-being and relocation when necessary. The Cairo UNHCR Middle East office was established in 1954, and supervised international humanitarian aid and assistance to a number of African countries including 1185:

achieve consensus. Sharaf could be obdurate, refusing to comply with the instructions of international border officials to postpone his travel till daylight and insisting on his right, as a diplomat, to free and unfettered movement across borders, only to be told of the impossibility of crossing the border at night due to dangers associated with the presence of active mine fields.

659:, considered necessary for bolstering bilateral trade. Sharaf also assisted in securing an agreement from China, where the latter would finance and build the Friendship and Culture Palace, later renamed the Cairo International Convention & Exhibition Centre (CICC). President Mubarak had earlier approved a land site of 15 acres in the Cairo suburb of 1036:. In January 1960, the sub-commission unanimously adopted a resolution condemning "Anti-Semitism, Religious and Racial Prejudices", amongst the first to be adopted by a sub-commission at the World Organization. Sharaf attended numerous commission meetings and conferences at the UN dealing with complex legal and human rights issues like 1107:

Sharaf worked as a diplomat for nearly four decades under both royal and republican political regimes in Egypt. His younger brother Sami would exert influence on the political landscape of Egypt. Sami would eventually assume the position of minister for presidential affairs in the regime of president

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on the Mediterranean coast. He had been suffering from the painful effects of advanced diabetes. On 7 September 1993, his health suddenly deteriorated, and upon the advice of specialists was transferred and admitted to the intensive care unit at a hospital in Heliopolis, Cairo. He died of a massive

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He was a lateral thinker, a prolific reader, especially of military history, and a linguist who was proficient in several languages. A superb conversationalist known for his disarming charm and excellent social and people skills, he had an uncanny ability to establish rapport and win people over and

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to participate in the society's meetings and gatherings of prominent politicians, diplomats, businessmen, academicians, historians, linguists and enthusiasts of Egyptian Soviet relations. Sharaf's visits to Moscow and his extensive travels in the Soviet hinterland convinced him that the Soviet Union

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of Sweden on 13 December 1979. Sharaf's primary mission in Sweden was the promotion of bilateral technical and economic ties, especially trade. To this end, he received then Minister of Electricity and Energy, engineer Maher Abaza. He also received Egypt's then-deputy Prime Minister and Minister for

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Sharaf's impact and legacy was varied: as director of the powerful Diplomatic and Consular Corps department at the MFA (1973–1974), he was pivotal in establishing a more egalitarian recruitment system, based on meritocracy, emphasizing the need for Egyptian diplomatic and consular corps officers to

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Sharaf was in New York in May 1958 when his younger brother Sami, considered one of President Nasser's most trusted aides, arrived to assist in the resolution of the budding political crisis in Lebanon. Immediately upon his arrival at Idlewild Airport (since renamed JFK International Airport), Sami

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Sharaf was quoted in the press expounding the development of Egyptian–Chinese bilateral relations, emphasizing the importance of Mubarak's visit, the nature of the consultations the president would hold with his Chinese counterpart, and the various issues to be discussed. Sharaf also pointed out to

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He was a keen Contract Bridge player, who regularly organized bridge tournaments at his residence. He was also an enthusiastic sportsman and a lifelong member of the Egyptian Shooting Federation, becoming chairman of the Rifle Committee in 1979 and elected, later in life, to its governing board of

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As evident from photographs taken at various stages in his life, Sharaf was a strong built man, but light on his feet in spite of it, only losing substantial weight towards the end of his life as an indirect result of advanced diabetes. He was a chain smoker till well into his mid-fifties, and was

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to be a guest of the agency while in New York. Sami politely declined the invitation and conveniently opted to stay at his elder brother's apartment instead. At the time Sharaf, first secretary at the Egyptian mission to the UN, was residing at 240 East 76th Street, New York. Sami was again in New

423:, Sharaf returned to Egypt in February 1959 to marry Noha Elwi (née Wadoud Wagdy Elwi); it was an arranged marriage, typical of the time. She was the second daughter of Wagdy Elwi, a bureaucrat at the Egyptian Ministry of Justice, and a great-grandson of Elwi Pasha, personal ophthalmologist to the 1193:

be committed, multi-disciplined, cultured, socially refined, with proven linguistic abilities, and an aptitude for foreign travel. Later, as director of the Asian department, he managed to develop a small following of diplomats and entice them to specialize in Asian affairs, especially China.

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for the project. The cost of the CICC was estimated to be about 200 million Swiss francs, and China agreed to present it as a gift to the people of Egypt. It was also during this presidential visit to Beijing that Mubarak held informal talks with the former U.S. Secretary of State

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summit of March 1979 that expelled Egypt from the Arab League, and boycotted and imposed sanctions on it over its peace accords with Israel. His few noted achievements at the League were administrative, succeeding with the assistance of his friend and colleague ambassador Dr.

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As Egyptian ambassador to Sweden, Sharaf and his wife Noha were active on the diplomatic and social circuit. Noha was successful in establishing a local chapter for the principle Egyptian charity Al Wafa' Wa Amal in Stockholm. The charity, founded and presided at the time by

960:, and his wife Margaret would be lifelong friends of the Sharaf's, being house guests at their Beijing embassy residence in the Eighties. The Sharafs were particularly impressed with Margaret, who, besides being a diplomatic hostess, was an accomplished author and painter. 1089:, then Egyptian Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, to become secretary of the friendship society. At the time, the society's president was Ghali himself. Prominent Egyptians from diverse fields of interest were invited to join the society. Both men would travel to 1112:. Sami was one of Nasser's closest and most trusted aides, and considered the second-most powerful man after the president. His political demise came about when he tended his resignation from office in May 1971, after Nasser's death in September 1970, to president 896:

destination to the scheduled flights of the airline on its Cairo to Tokyo route. Sharaf witnessed first-hand, and wrote extensively on the implementation of export-oriented policies, the colony's rise as a regional financial center, and the-then infant industry of

1200:), as well as on Arabic-speaking regional satellite channels. Both Omar and Ezz-Eldin were also regular lecturers on Far Eastern and South Asian political and military affairs at Egypt's various military, national security, diplomatic, and academic institutions. 1124:. Sami's political demise naturally affected the prospects of Sharaf and the clan, including accusations made at them and their cousin, ambassador Essam Hawas. Sadat did not persecute the two elder Sharaf brothers, Omar and Ezz El-din, bestowing on Omar the 1007:

Prior to and upon assuming his new position as High Commissioner, Sadruddin Aga Khan had unsuccessfully lobbied the Egyptian government, from August till December 1965, to have Sharaf continue in his tenure as deputy representative of the UNHCR Middle East.

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As director of the Asian department at the MFA, Sharaf expected an appointment to the available post of ambassador of Egypt to the People's Republic of China, and was surprised, as were others, when he was appointed as ambassador to the Kingdom of

988:, among others. As deputy representative of the UNHCR Middle East, he actively assisted in his organization's participation in the first Afro-Asian consultative meeting held at the Arab League in Cairo, in February 1964. His direct superior was 702:, in the latter's capacity as Egypt's then Minister of State for Foreign Affairs. Sharaf would arrange for Ghali to discuss several issues of importance with his Chinese hosts including the Middle East peace process, Egypt's activities in the 566:. As a diplomat, his tenure as Assistant Secretary of the League was unfulfilling for several reasons, the most important of which was that his nomination to the position by the then deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Dr. 808:

ushered in a new era of development and modernization. In this context, Sharaf, at the request of the Sultanate, and along with a small hand-picked group of Egyptian diplomats, went on secondment to Oman in 1974 to help establish the Omani

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His colleagues at the United Nations mission included a group of outstanding Egyptian diplomats who would later in their careers assume positions of importance among them was Mohamed Riad, Egypt's Minister of State for Foreign Affairs,

1029: 825:. Sharaf would forge an excellent working relationship with his immediate superior, and Oman's first ever ambassador to Pakistan, HRH Prince Shabib bin Taimur Al Said, as well as with Pakistani officials during the presidency of 792:, with the rank of Commander Grand Cross, for services rendered to Swedish—Egyptian relations. Sharaf requested and received from the president of Egypt, as per Egyptian protocol, official approbation to accept the Swedish honor. 635:, which successfully resulted in several important bilateral visits including that by Zhao Ziyang to Cairo in December 1982. During this visit many international, regional and bilateral issues were discussed amongst them was the 611:

in 1982, becoming the seventh Egyptian diplomat to assume the post since the establishment of diplomatic relation between the two countries in 1956. He assumed his new position in September 1982, and presented his credentials in

921:, Gamal Eldin Omar Ibrahim (1916–1967). Sharaf and Ibrahim were colleagues and friends, and Sharaf was vocal about his friend's untimely death, as well as his opposition to the war in Vietnam. Gamal Eldin Omar, the Egyptian 686:(951). This was an unusual request and a rare honor for an Egyptian Diplomat, let alone a civilian. The flag hoisting ceremony took place on 20 July 1984, at the Hudong Shipyard in Shanghai China, and after completing her 3064: 295:. At the time of his birth in the mid-Twenties, his father was inspector of health in Beni Suef governorate. His mother Raohia Zaki Saleh (1904–1981) was a maternal granddaughter of Hassouna El Nawawy, Grand Sheikh of 2687: 3833: 3843: 643:

the press China's keen and growing interest in peace and stability in the Middle East, the Far East and the globe. As this was the first visit of an Egyptian president to China, several treaties,

936: 639:. His rapport and contacts in both Cairo and Beijing enabled him to arrange for the first visit ever by an Egyptian president, Hosni Mubarak, to the People's Republic of China, in April 1983. 2054: 3156: 538:. Sharaf was promoted to the rank of Ambassador in 1977. He was promoted again to the category of Ambassador Par Excellence in December 1983. During his career he was the recipient of the 1663: 447:

for nearly four decades, from the early Fifties to the mid-Eighties, witnessing much of Egypt's diplomatic, political and military turmoil. In 1948, he sat for and passed the Egyptian

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and memoranda of understanding (MOU) were signed between the two countries in various fields including agriculture, industry, technical and military cooperation. Also concluded was a

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The three senior Sharaf brothers, Omar, Ezz-Eldin and Sami, would be occasional political commentators on international political affairs at the Egyptian Radio and Television Union (

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governorate. Moving around with his parents, Sharaf attended several primary and secondary schools in both upper and lower Egypt, the family finally settling in the Cairo suburb of

884:—at the time Hong Kong was a British colony. In Hong Kong, he assisted in the establishment of the offices and secured the general landing rights for Egypt's national carrier 1120:

for attempting to overthrow the president. The court initially handed him a death sentence, which was commuted to hard labor for life. In Egypt this would be known as the

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in 1979. This decision had been made without prior consultation, which was not the norm for senior diplomats, by Egypt's then Prime Minister and acting Foreign Minister

275:, southern Egypt on 22 October 1925, the eldest male and the second child of six siblings to a middle class Egyptian family. His father Dr. Mohammed Abdel Aziz Sharaf ( 1057: 2233:"Bad Ensh'a Qaet Almo'atamarat Yenthy Alqard Almoaqa mnz 20 Sanah" [With the Construction of the Convention Hall Loan Agreement Signed 20 years Ago expires]. 1715: 3215:

US State Dept. (July 1959). "Directory : Members of Permanent Missions to the United Nations Entitled to Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities" (Mailing list).

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at Hanoi, was wounded seeking shelter from an American air strike on the city. He would die later of complications in a Hong Kong hospital on 6 December 1967.

3039: 2143:"Mohadathat Mubarak wa Zhao Ziyang Tbd'a Fawr Wesool Aldyyef Alsini" [Talks between Mubarak and Ziyang start as soon as the Chinese guest arrives]. 1082: 675:

in September 1983. As a result of this visit, and in his capacity as ambassador to China, Sharaf was requested the following year to name and hoist the

2747: 1254: 629: 3818: 3274: 699: 351:; Salwa Sharaf (1935–), socialite; Tarek Sharaf (1936–1996), former army officer and doyen of the Arabic language simultaneous translators at the 3305: 3164: 3671: 2482: 3813: 3625:"Mubarak Ya3owd LlQahira Ba3d Gawla Waasi3a fy Eldol El-Asywaia" [Mubarak Returns to Cairo after an Extended Tour of Asian Countries]. 1070: 299:. She was educated, well versed, a popular socialite, and the daughter of a one-time governor; one source mentioned her father as governor of 3553: 3474: 3406: 3372: 2404: 2287: 2064: 2020: 1996: 1936:

Shafik, Samira (26 October 1979). "Qabl An Yateer Omar Sharaf Ela Sakf Al-Alam" [Before Omar Sharaf Flies to the Roof of the World].

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Shafik, Samira (26 October 1979). "Qabl An Yateer Omar Sharaf Ela Sakf Al-Alam" [Before Omar Sharaf Flies to the Roof of the World].

3248:"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–1960, Vol. XIII, Arab-Israeli Dispute; United Arab Republic ; North Africa, Document 263" 2646: 2578: 460: 43: 1085:

by re-establishing the Egyptian Soviet Friendship Society. Sharaf, with his long experience in eastern bloc countries, was hand-picked by

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York with his elder brother in September 1960, preparing for President Nasser's only visit to U.S. to attend and deliver a speech at the

534:(1951–1953). He was a proficient linguist, and considered one of the Egyptian foreign ministry's foremost experts on Asian affairs and a 3464: 1137: 444: 254:, Second Class (Egypt, February 1973). He was also a lawyer, a member of the Egyptian Bar association, who until his death in 1993, was 2925: 671:

Sharaf received an important visit by the Egyptian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense and Military Production Field Marshal

1351: 2173:"Mubarak Ybda Alyom Mohadathateh Alhama ma Alzaeem Zhao Ziyang" [Mubarak Begins Today His Important Talks with Zhao Ziyang]. 3519: 3440: 2757: 2630: 2555: 2030: 1621: 1324: 761: 2117:"Egypt's New Ambassador to China presents Credentials" (in Arabic). Beijing: XHN. Xinhua News Agency. 23 September 1982. p. 9. 856:

till 1977. His younger brother Ezz El-din would also serve in Islamabad, in the early eighties, as Egypt's ambassador to Pakistan.

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Sharaf first came to the attention of then Vice-president Hosni Mubarak in 1979, when, as director of the Asian department at the

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in 1979. At the time, Sharaf was among a handful of Egyptian senior officials at the League's extensive headquarters in Cairo's

2780: 2378:"Almalik Carl Gustav Malik Elsweed wa Elsayeed Kamal Hassan Ali" [King Carl Gustav of Sweden and Mr.Kamal Hassan Ali]. 2188:"Khetaban Motabdalan byn Mubarak wa Alra'ees Alsini" [Exchange of Speeches between Mubarak and the Chinese President]. 3199: 1542: 1464: 2218:"15 Fedayn Bmadinet Nasir lbn'a Qasr Alsadaqa" [15 Fydans in Nasir City for the construction of Friendship Palace]. 599:

approval for the restructuring of pay scales for Egyptians working at the league, equating them to their Arab counterparts.

3024:"Tarsheeh 37 Safiran Wa Konsolan Le Misr Fy Alkharij" [Nomination of 37 Ambassadors and Consuls for Egypt Abroad]. 2263:"El Mosheer Abou Ghazala Ygtamme ma Ra'es Elsyyn" [Field Marshal Abu Ghazala Confers with the President of China]. 1689: 3803: 1288: 1178: 1125: 1121: 999: 889: 848:, it helped that both men were born in the same upper Egyptian town of Aswan. At the time, Tantawi was serving as Egypt's 760:

Sharaf played a minor but important part in the drama that unfolded in Cairo surrounding the initial consideration of the

608: 539: 464: 251: 62: 29: 1910:"New Egyptian Ambassador to China presents Credentials". Beijing: XHN. Xinhua News Agency. 23 September 1982. p. 15. 1383: 844:

It was during his posting to Islamabad that Sharaf met and became a close friend of then Colonel and later Field Marshal

822: 480: 2672:"Wafat Diplomacy Misry fy Hanoi" [Death of an Egyptian Diplomat in Hanoi of Wounds Sustained in an Air Raid]. 2333:"El-Safyyr EL-Monaseb fy Elmakan ghyyr Elmonasib" [The Appropriate Ambassador at the Inappropriate Location]. 813:, as well as staff some of its embassies overseas. Sharaf was appointed in 1974 as an Omani diplomat with the rank of 648: 288: 3764:[List of Egyptian Ambassadors to China since 1956]. Ministry of Commerce Beijing. 17 May 2007. Archived from 772:

in 1982. Sharaf was quietly and unofficially approached in 1981 by Dr. Attia Amer, Professor of Arabic Literature at

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Prior to that, he was First Secretary of the permanent Mission of the United Arab Republic to the United Nations at

3838: 3220: 2903: 287:, Scotland. Dr. Mohammed Abdel Aziz Sharaf had achieved some notability, having been mourned by Egypt's first post- 840:

President of Pakistan Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry receiving Mr. Omar Sharaf at the Presidential Palace, Rawalpindi, 1975.

2545: 989: 769: 636: 308: 160: 3746:"Tahani El-Sadat Beid Al-ftir Almobarak" [Congratulatory Messages for Sadat on the occasion of Bayram]. 3543: 2203:"Tawqyi Arbait Etifaqyyat T'awoon byn Misr wa Elsyyn" [Four Agreements Signed Between Egypt and China]. 1028:. At the United Nations, he was an alternate to his colleague Abdel Hamid Abdel-Ghani, on the 14-member country 3808: 3093: 2840: 2318:"Mobahathat Ghali Fy Pekin ttnawal Ghood Elsalaam" [Ghali's Talks in Beijing Deal with Peace Efforts]. 814: 571: 567: 400: 3362: 3137:"Wafat Omar Loutfi fy Mabna Elomam Elmotaheda" [Death of Omar Loutfi at the United Nations Building]. 2464:

Saleh, Mohamed (17 July 1981). "Alsyyef Estamar Setet Ayyam Faqat" [The summer lasted only six days].

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Final verbatim record of the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament [Meeting 134]

1244: 845: 818: 801: 789: 621: 547: 472: 284: 243: 2348:"Mostafa Khalil Yitamed Alharaka Eldiplomacia" [Mostapha Khalil approves diplomatic appointments]. 3337:"Sami Sharaf : Shadows of the Revolution ; After a Mentor's Death, Where Does the Student Turn?" 2445:(4 February 1980). "Kan Hon Ta Madame Sadat till Sverige" [Can She Bring Madame Sadat to Sweden]. 1275: 1265: 543: 247: 2799: 1951:"Thamaniat Sofar'a Godod fy Wazaret Elkharigia" [Eight New Ambassadors at the Foreign Ministry]. 399:; his brother-in-law Ali Wagdy Elwai (1943–2000), deputy Assistant Minister and former ambassador to the 343:(MENA); Ezz El-din Sharaf (1927–2010), former police officer and Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs; 1809: 1716:"Egyptian Ambassador handed the invitation to Izetbegović for the upcoming summit of Islamic Conference" 1086: 968:

Under secondment from the government of the U.A.R, Sharaf was appointed as Deputy Representative of the

695: 348: 276: 3282: 1744:"A lecture given by HE Mr. Karim Omar Sharaf entitled "Egyptian diplomacy and post revolutionary Egypt" 690:

in Chinese waters, Al Zafir set sail for Egypt where she was commissioned and entered service with the

459:. During his lengthy career, Sharaf assumed several positions of relative importance: he was Assistant 3313: 1344: 1189:

directors. He had a fondness for the culinary arts and gastronomy, and was a connoisseur of fine tea.

3828: 3798: 3793: 2494: 2158:"Alqadaya Aldowlia wa Eltaaoun Althona'i" [International issues and bilateral co-operation]. 922: 885: 869: 826: 773: 740:. During this visit, Ali presented H.M. King Carl XVI Gustav with a formal invitation from President 703: 488: 392: 3247: 1720: 3509: 3430: 2519: 1045: 940:

Typed and hand written letter from Ray Lewthwaite informing of his wife's Death. Dated 31 July 1990

849: 830: 644: 901:, with emphasis on the industry's future on world trade and its implications and benefits for the 379:; his nephew Abdul Rehim Shalaby, Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs and former ambassador to 3497:"Power Struggle Rocks: Egypt Sadat Regime Splits". N.Y.: The Troy Record. 14 May 1971. p. 1. 3111: 2450: 2442: 1361: 1334: 898: 881: 877: 376: 1376: 948:

in Hong Kong. The position of Doyen would bring Sharaf closer and into regular contact with the

707: 2363:"Safir Misr Elgadid fy balat Alswede" [Egypt's New Ambassador to the Court of Sweden]. 1921:"Safir Misry Gadid fy balat Al-Swede" [Egypt's New Ambassador to the Court of Sweden]. 1608: 1208:

Sharaf spent the last few years of his life living at his summer house west of Alexandria near

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of the UNHCR. Sadruddin Aga Khan was elected High Commissioner of the UNHCR in December 1965.

993: 805: 476: 468: 272: 1060:, would die on the premises of the UN building at New York of a heart attack on 17 May 1963. 932:

Omar Sharaf with Ray and Peggy Lewthwaite, Hong Kong Harbor, April 1971. Photo by Noha Sharaf

2248:"Mubarak Ygtame ma Kissinger fy Pekin" [Mubarak Confers with Kissinger in Beijing]. 949: 810: 733: 687: 680: 550:, Sweden, 21 October 1982. He retired from the Diplomatic Corps and active service in 1985. 527: 448: 328: 300: 279:

1889 – Cairo 1953) was a British-educated and trained medical doctor, who earned his PhD in

198: 144: 1638: 3233: 3194:] (in Arabic). Vol. 1. Cairo: Dar Al-Fursan Lil-Nashr ( Al-Qahirah ). p. 8. 3123: 1213:

heart attack on the evening of 8 September, surrounded by many of his family and friends.

1037: 910: 785: 728: 665: 364: 280: 223: 215: 2720:. Sarasota and Manatee Counties. United Press International. 11 December 1967. p. 3. 2056:

From Boycott to Economic Cooperation: The Political Economy of the Arab Boycott of Israel

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in late October 1984. Sharaf also received in Beijing in 1984, his friend and mentor Dr.

1537:] (in Arabic). Vol. 1. Cairo: Dar Al-Fursan Lil-Nashr (Al-Qahirah). p. 5. 1459:] (in Arabic). Vol. 1. Cairo: Dar Al-Fursan Lil-Nashr (Al-Qahirah). p. 4. 427:

of Egypt. Her mother Samia Rostom was the daughter of second-generation immigrants from

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Report of the Session – Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee, Volume 7, Part 1965

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was not the superpower he once knew, he did not, however, predict its sudden collapse.

1049: 1021: 945: 917:. In 1967, the Vietnam war had claimed the life of the head of the Egyptian Mission at 865: 765: 724: 484: 416: 352: 292: 1048:, long-serving Ambassador to the United States, and Mohamed Shaker, Ambassador to the 1040:, as well as one on the essential topic of the standardization of geographical names. 3787: 2128:"Omar Sharaf Yoqadem Awraq Etemadho" [Omar Sharaf Presents His Credentials]. 1128:

Second Class in February 1973, and appointing Ezz-Eldin as ambassador to Madagascar.

1033: 1025: 906: 691: 676: 625: 596: 582:, the League, and most of its specialized agencies having been moved out of Cairo to 579: 507: 420: 327:, in September 1942. He matriculated to the faculty of Law at Fu ād Ist University ( 1581: 1393: 1209: 1174: 1141: 1117: 1065: 957: 953: 592: 355:. His family of diplomats included: his brother Ezz El-din, a former ambassador to 339:

His siblings included: Sameha Sharaf (1922–1996), a lecturer and translator at the

3644:(in Arabic). No. 42772. Cairo: Al Ahram Press. 10 September 1993. p. 26. 3610:"Indonesia To'aeed Mo'3ahdat Alsalam" [Indonesia Supports Peace Accords]. 1894:(in Arabic). No. 42771. Cairo: Al Ahram Press. 10 September 1993. p. 23. 2620: 2394: 2267:(in Arabic). No. 39121. Cairo: Al Ahram Press. 13 September 1983. p. 8. 1562:(in Arabic). No. 43972. Cairo: Al Ahram Press. 24 December 1996. p. 35. 3580:(in Arabic). No. 34826. Cairo: Al Ahram Press. 10 December 1971. p. 1. 2676:(in Arabic). No. 33366. Cairo: Al Ahram Press. 11 December 1967. p. 1. 2162:(in Arabic). No. 38855. Cairo: Al Ahram Press. 21 December 1982. p. 1. 2147:(in Arabic). No. 38854. Cairo: Al Ahram Press. 20 December 1982. p. 1. 2132:(in Arabic). No. 38805. Cairo: Al Ahram Press. 1 November 1982. p. 16. 1955:(in Arabic). No. 36921. Cairo: Al Ahram Press. 4 September 1977. p. 6. 1765: 1743: 1693: 1113: 749: 741: 632: 563: 500: 456: 432: 372: 344: 340: 324: 320: 231: 3364:

The Cold War in the Middle East: regional conflict and the superpowers, 1967–73

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in December 1970, reflecting his sense of religious tolerance as a Muslim.

1144:

accompanied the vice-president on a tour of the Far East, which began with

1116:. He was put on trial in a "Military Revolutionary Court" and convicted of 1030:

Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities

3629:(in Arabic). No. 37529. Cairo: Al Ahram Press. 5 May 1979. p. 1. 3599:] (in Arabic). Egyptian General Authority for Books. pp. 194–198. 1690:"The Red Menace: UG99 Threatens Afghan Wheat Production, Mail Fights Back" 363:; his son Karim (1963–), deputy Assistant Minister, ambassador and former 3576:"Alhokm Bal'ashghal Almoabada" [Verdict of hard labor for life]. 1149: 656: 523: 360: 296: 570:, came at the height of the Arab boycott of Egypt for having signed the 3672:"The Leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood Declare War Against Sami Sharaf" 3308:[Development of Egyptian Russian Relations Over Five Decades]. 2579:"Mohammed Hussein Tantawi: A profile of Egypt's retired military chief" 973: 914: 893: 613: 587: 511: 424: 380: 3040:"United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, List of Delegations" 952:

of the colony. At the time, the Governor General of Hong Kong was Sir

3735:] (in Arabic). Egyptian General Authority for Books. p. 242. 3712:

Shazly, Mohamed (October 1993). "Omar Sharaf" [Omar Sharaf].

2878: 2280:

The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: 15th Edition

1861:] (in Arabic). Egyptian General Authority for Books. p. 179. 1518:] (in Arabic). Egyptian General Authority for Books. p. 105. 1109: 1090: 1017: 985: 977: 720: 575: 531: 515: 428: 396: 388: 81: 2431:(in Arabic). Cairo: Dar Akhbar El Yom Publishing: 24. 11 March 1981. 258:

of a family clan of diplomats, politicians, linguists and lawyers.

2926:"Justice Philip Halpern Dead at 62; Served on Important U.N. Body" 1297: 1274: 1161: 998: 935: 927: 918: 909:, as well as for following political and military developments in 835: 583: 404: 403:; his cousin Essam Eldin Hawas, former ambassador to the State of 255: 242:

and international diplomat. He was a Commander Grand Cross of the

235: 167: 163: 140: 100: 1875:"Free Tickets – An Expensive Round Trip for UAR Consul General". 1610:

Axis of Evil and Rogue States: The Bush Administration, 2000–2004

620:

on 22 September 1982. He established a working relationship with

1197: 981: 368: 319:

Sharaf completed his secondary school education graduating from

239: 2493:(in Arabic). Beirut. 9 October 2011. p. 16. Archived from 2468:(in Arabic). No. 38333. Cairo: Al Ahram Press. p. 20. 3762:"Qa'emat b'asmaa Alsofar'a Almsreen ldy Alsin monzo A'am 1956" 2088:"Qa'emat b'asmaa Alsofar'a Almsreen ldy Alsin monzo A'am 1956" 1642: 892:. Regular flights to Hong Kong were added in March 1969, as a 1970:(in Arabic). Cairo: Dar Elhelal. 25 December 1983. p. 9. 1966:"El Haraka El Diplomasia" [Diplomatic Appointments]. 1495:"Aqmar Mosabaket Al-Atfal" [Children's Competition]. 1064:

was approached with an invitation from the-then CIA Director

2090:[List of Egyptian Ambassadors to China since 1956]. 2427:"Lela Moseqa Sharkia" [A night of oriental music]. 2094:. Ministry of Commerce Beijing. 17 May 2007. Archived from 1637:

Arraf, Jane; McIntyre, Jamie; Ressa, Maria (13 July 2004).

905:. At the time, Hong Kong was of particular interest to any 250:, First Class (Egypt, August 1977), and a recipient of the 1020:

in 1957, Sharaf was posted to the Egyptian mission to the

3701:(in Swedish). Stockholm: SD Press. 4 May 1980. p. 3. 3306:"Tatawor Al-Elaqat Almasria Alrosia Khelal Khamset Owqod" 2697:. No. 144. Buffalo, NY. 11 December 1967. p. 6 518:(1954–1956), Third secretary of the Embassy of Egypt at 3834:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees officials

2879:"Records of Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan – UNHCR Archives" 784:

Upon the termination of his mission to Sweden in 1982,

2625:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. p. 56. 3844:

Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star

3466:

Soldiers, Spies and Statesmen: Egypt's Road to Revolt

3098:. University of Michigan Digital Library. 20 May 1963 2282:. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press. p. 171. 1810:"Foreign undersecretary receives Egyptian ambassador" 1794:

Sosostris, Madame (23 August 2001). "Pack of Cards".

1081:

In March 1987, attempts were made to thaw and revive

944:

In 1970, Sharaf assumed the position of Doyen of the

3545:

The Struggle for Egypt: From Nasser to Tahrir Square

2906:. UN Office of Public Information. 1961. p. 724 2904:"Year Book of the United Nations 1960, Appendix III" 2485:[Before Naguib Mahfouz Won the Nobel Prize] 618:

Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

3435:. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 189. 1746:. International University of Sarajevo. 10 May 2013 1692:. US Embassy Kabul. 3 November 2010. Archived from 189: 181: 173: 150: 127: 122: 98: 79: 60: 41: 23: 1616:. peace palace library: Glen Segell. p. 317. 1056:for Special Political Affairs. Loutfi, a one-time 2749:Political Order and Power Transition in Hong Kong 303:. while another mentioned him as the governor of 2718:The Herald Tribune Sarasota and Manatee Counties 1058:President of the United Nations Security Council 1003:Letter from Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan, Dec. 1965 821:of the newly established embassy of Oman to the 756:Naguib Mahfouz and the Nobel Prize in Literature 727:. Sharaf presented his credentials to H.M. King 558:In October 1985, Sharaf was appointed Assistant 1664:"Mid Wives Complete Advanced Training in Egypt" 1446: 1444: 1442: 864:In 1966 Sharaf was designated and appointed as 3150: 3148: 2647:"Vietnam: Marines Kill 54 Communists Near DMZ" 1325:Assistant Secretary General of the Arab League 679:on the 1586 Ton Chinese built Jianghu-1 class 3273:Ghali, Dr. Boutros Boutros (1 October 1988). 3159:[Sami Sharaf's Testimonial, Part 4]. 2978:"Extracts from World Cartography, Volume VII" 2884:. United Nations High Commission for Refugees 2859:. United Nations High Commission for Refugees 2653:. Canberra A.C.T. 13 December 1967. p. 4 2396:Silent No More: Special Needs People in Egypt 2303:"Ghali Fy Pekin" [Ghali in Beijing]. 2025:. USA: Harvard University Press. p. 70. 1054:Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations 970:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 497:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 455:, then summer seat of the Government of H.M. 331:), where he graduated with a degree in 1947. 8: 3548:. NY: Oxford University Press. p. 123. 3401:. Singapore: World Scientific. p. 105. 2752:. HK: Chinese University Press. p. 13. 2337:(in Arabic). Cairo. 10 July 1979. p. 3. 1352:Ambassador to the People's Republic of China 3432:Biographical Dictionary of May Modern Egypt 2932:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 27 August 1963 876:, after having been nominated by President 710:, as well as a number of bilateral issues. 546:, First Class, Egypt, August 1977, and the 2483:"Qabl Fawz Naguib Mahfouz bi Jaizat Nobel" 1308: 542:, Second Class, Egypt, February 1973, the 495:(1966–1971); Deputy Representative of the 20: 2477: 2475: 2449:(Interview) (in Swedish). Interviewed by 3854:Egyptian officials of the United Nations 1666:. USAID. 27 January 2011. Archived from 1580:Elfeky, Dr. Mostafa M. (26 March 2014). 1220: 780:Recipient of the Order of the Polar Star 630:General Secretary of the Communist Party 522:(1953–1954), and Third Secretary of the 467:(1982–1985), Ambassador of Egypt to the 463:(1985–1986); Ambassador of Egypt to the 435:. The marriage produced three children. 3188:Sanawat Wa-ayyam Maa Jamal Abd Al-Nasir 2983:. United Nations. 4 May 1967. p. 8 2550:. Beirut: Publitec. 2006. p. 695. 1870: 1868: 1531:Sanawat Wa-ayyam Maa Jamal Abd Al-Nasir 1453:Sanawat Wa-ayyam Maa Jamal Abd Al-Nasir 1408: 732:Foreign Affairs (later Prime Minister) 700:Secretary General of the United Nations 3733:Nesf Qarn mn Aldiplomacia wa Almohamah 3597:Nesf Qarn mn Aldiplomacia wa Almohamah 3277:[Egyptian Soviet Friendship]. 3229: 3218: 3192:Days and Years with Gamal Abdul Nasser 3119: 3109: 2781:"Brigadier Sir Rainald Lewthwaite, Bt" 1905: 1903: 1901: 1879:. HK: HKS. 16 January 1968. p. 7. 1859:Nesf Qarn mn Aldiplomacia wa Almohamah 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1535:Days and Years with Gamal Abdul Nasser 1516:Nesf Qarn mn Aldiplomacia wa Almohamah 1457:Days and Years with Gamal Abdul Nasser 1426: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1071:General Assembly of the United Nations 668:, who was visiting China at the time. 443:Sharaf served with distinction at the 56:September 1984 – October 1985 3003:"Diplomatic Representation for Egypt" 2547:Who's Who in the Arab World 2007–2008 1940:(in Arabic). Cairo: Dar El Helal: 36. 1812:. Kuwait News Agency. 8 November 2005 1435:(in Arabic). Cairo: Dar El Helal: 36. 1016:Having completed his tour of duty at 510:(1957–1960), Second Secretary of the 214:(22 October 1925 – 8 September 1993; 7: 852:in Islamabad. Sharaf would serve in 651:on the establishment of an Egyptian 624:leaders, including paramount leader 461:Secretary-General of the Arab League 94:December 1979 – August 1982 75:December 1982 – August 1985 44:Secretary-General of the Arab League 3729:Half a Century of Diplomacy and Law 3697:"Inte Kusin" [Not Cousin]. 3593:Half a Century of Diplomacy and Law 3304:Mubarak, Mahmoud (1 October 1993). 3065:"U.A.R Claims Attack Threat by U.S" 2857:"Sadruddin Aga Khan (Iran) 1965–77" 2829:. London: Times Press. 5 July 1990. 1855:Half a Century of Diplomacy and Law 1512:Half a Century of Diplomacy and Law 1384:Ambassador to the Kingdom of Sweden 992:, who at the time was still deputy 786:H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden 395:, permanent delegation of Egypt to 238:for the Middle East, as well as an 219: 3670:Al-Dawwi, Bilal (12 August 2004). 3367:. London: Routledge. p. 103. 3045:. United Nations. 1958. p. 24 3005:. US State Dept. 19 September 2012 2825:"Obituaries: Margret Lewthwaite". 2800:"Brigadier Sir Rainald Lewthwaite" 1639:"Bulgarian hostage killed in Iraq" 1077:Egyptian Soviet Friendship Society 246:(Sweden 1982), a recipient of the 114:December 1961 – June 1966 14: 3659:. HK. 13 January 1968. p. 7. 2735:. HK. 1 February 1969. p. 7. 2393:Lababidi, Lesley Kitchen (2002). 1832:"Permanent Delegations to UNESCO" 762:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 347:(1929–), former army officer and 234:, a Deputy Representative of the 3640:"Wafiate" [Obituaries]. 3335:Nkrumah, Gamal (9 August 2001). 2622:Encyclopedia of African Airlines 2399:. Cairo: AUC Press. p. 23. 1981:Goldschmidt, Arthur Jr. (2008). 1890:"Wafiate" [Obituaries]. 1558:"Wafiate" [Obituaries]. 1480:"Wafiate" [Obituaries]. 1253: 673:Mohamed Abd al-Halim Abu Ghazala 3655:"Diplomat Wins trip to Paris". 3514:. NY: SUNY Press. p. 166. 3395:Lee, Khoon Choy (August 1993). 3275:"Al Sadaka Almasria Alsoviatia" 3819:Ambassadors of Egypt to Sweden 2608:. HK. 17 June 1969. p. 1. 800:The assumption of H.M. Sultan 616:to the Deputy Chairman of the 1: 3814:Ambassadors of Egypt to China 2798:Gordon Casely (3 June 2003). 2716:"Arab Killed in Hanoi Raid". 2059:. NY: Routledge. p. 39. 1987:. NY: Facts on File. p. 1179:Kai Tak International Airport 1148:. The tour included visiting 1140:, both he and ambassador Dr. 890:Kai Tak International Airport 3469:. Verso Books. p. 103. 3155:Sharaf, Sami (7 July 2004). 2958:. NY Courts. 24 October 2012 1775:. 20 October 1995. p. 8 1766:"New Ambassadors to Myanmar" 823:Islamic Republic of Pakistan 796:Islamic Republic of Pakistan 607:Sharaf was appointed to the 481:Islamic Republic of Pakistan 445:Ministry for Foreign Affairs 3429:Goldschmid, Arthur (2000). 3163:(in Arabic). Archived from 788:, bestowed upon Sharaf the 595:in securing from President 391:; his nephew Omar Shalaby, 3870: 3511:Egypt: The Stalled Society 1499:. Cairo: 5. 19 April 1933. 609:People's Republic of China 465:People's Republic of China 195:Fouad 1st University, 1948 63:People's Republic of China 3398:Diplomacy of a Tiny State 3361:Ashton, Nigel J. (2007). 3074:. 18 July 1958. p. 1 2604:"Airline's New Service". 1390: 1381: 1373: 1368: 1358: 1349: 1341: 1331: 1322: 1316: 1311: 1132:Relationship with Mubarak 1083:Egyptian–Soviet relations 990:Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan 770:Nobel Prize in Literature 637:Middle East Peace Process 205: 118: 107: 87: 68: 49: 37: 3657:South China Morning Post 3542:Cook, Steven A. (2012). 2952:"Justice Philip Halpren" 2688:"U.A.R Lays Death to US" 2619:Guttery, Ben R. (1998). 2606:South China Morning Post 2453:. Stockholm. p. 24. 1984:A Brief History of Egypt 815:Minister Plenipotentiary 572:Camp David Peace Accords 568:Ahmed Asmat Abdel-Meguid 401:Central African Republic 3849:Order of the Polar Star 3824:Cairo University alumni 3508:Ansari, Hamied (1986). 2787:. London. 17 June 2003. 2746:Li, Pang-kwong (1997). 2731:"Consul Corps Dinner". 2695:Buffalo Courier-Express 2278:Werthiem, Erik (2007). 2019:Field, Michael (1996). 1584:[Sami Sharaf]. 1245:Order of the Polar Star 913:and the ongoing war in 846:Mohamed Hussein Tantawi 829:and the premiership of 819:Deputy Chief of Mission 802:Qaboos bin Said Al Said 790:Order of the Polar Star 622:Chinese Communist Party 548:Order of the Polar Star 473:Deputy Chief of Mission 341:Middle East News Agency 289:23 July 1952 revolution 285:University of Edinburgh 244:Order of the Polar Star 3463:Kandil, Hazem (2012). 3157:"Shehadet Sami Sharaf" 3072:Oswego Palladium Times 1773:The New Light of Burma 1302: 1279: 1103:The Impact of May 1971 1004: 941: 933: 841: 212:Omar Abdel Aziz Sharaf 99:Deputy Representative 3727:Hawas, Essam (2010). 3591:Hawas, Essam (2010). 3254:. US State Dept. 1960 3186:Sharaf, Sami (2005). 2022:Inside the Arab World 1853:Hawas, Essam (2010). 1607:Segell, Glen (2005). 1529:Sharaf, Sami (2005). 1510:Hawas, Essam (2010). 1451:Sharaf, Sami (2005). 1301: 1289:Order of the Republic 1278: 1126:Order of the Republic 1122:Corrective Revolution 1087:Boutros Boutros Ghali 1002: 939: 931: 880:with the approval of 839: 804:to the throne of the 696:Boutros Boutros Ghali 540:Order of the Republic 451:examinations held at 277:Beni Suef Governorate 252:Order of the Republic 3804:Diplomats from Cairo 2053:Feiler, Gil (2011). 1168:Lifestyle and legacy 1046:Abdel Raouf El Reedy 886:United Arab Airlines 870:United Arab Republic 827:Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry 774:Stockholm University 714:Ambassador to Sweden 704:Non Aligned Movement 489:United Arab Republic 415:While posted to the 3676:arabwestreport.info 3316:on 26 December 2014 3285:on 26 December 2014 1696:on 26 February 2013 1223: 831:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 603:Ambassador to China 349:government minister 271:Sharaf was born in 3699:Sevenska Dagbladet 3678:. Arab West Report 2956:courts.state.ny.us 2651:The Canberra Times 1356:1982–1985 1303: 1280: 1221: 1005: 942: 934: 899:container shipping 882:Queen Elizabeth II 878:Gamal Abdul Nasser 842: 628:, and Premier and 377:Bosnia Herzegovina 323:secondary school, 291:president General 222:) was an Egyptian 61:Ambassador to the 3839:People from Aswan 3555:978-0-19-979526-0 3476:978-1-84467-962-1 3408:978-981-02-1219-3 3374:978-1-134-09370-0 3252:history.state.gov 3228:Missing or empty 3221:cite mailing list 2520:"Qaboos bin Said" 2500:on 9 October 2011 2406:978-977-424-693-7 2289:978-1-59114-955-2 2092:cec.mofcom.gov.cn 2066:978-0-7146-4423-3 1998:978-0-8160-6672-8 1724:. 12 January 2013 1670:on 16 August 2017 1400: 1399: 1391:Succeeded by 1369:Diplomatic posts 1359:Succeeded by 1332:Succeeded by 1312:Diplomatic posts 1307: 1306: 994:High Commissioner 923:Charge d'affaires 806:Sultanate of Oman 560:Secretary General 477:Sultanate of Oman 469:Kingdom of Sweden 439:Diplomatic career 273:Aswan Governorate 228:Secretary General 209: 208: 177:Wadoud Wagdy Elwi 16:Egyptian diplomat 3861: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3505: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3312:. 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