37:
239:(HIPEC). During surgery, the presence of omental caking makes incomplete resection more likely. In patients where omental spread is completely removed, intestinal resections are more likely to be encountered due to the caked omentum's propensity for spreading malignancy to adjacent organs. If malignant, as patients undergo treatment they are likely to undergo routine nuclear medicine imaging as surveillance for response to the treatment or recurrence of disease.
204:) is not a suggested modality for investigating the spread of cancerous cells in the abdomen due to the poor spatial resolution amongst soft-tissue densities. Contrast resolution obtained through CT allows radiologists to investigate omental caking for morphology, intraperitoneal fluid, and regional lymphadenopathy assists in proper diagnosis so clinicians, surgeons, and oncologists can plan the appropriate course of treatment.
176:
223:
183:
Causes such as bacterial and fungal infections are associated with diffuse abdominal pain, intraperitoneal fluid accumulation, weight loss, fevers, and night sweats. The most common radiographic feature among patients with suspected tuberculous peritonitis was septated compartments of ascitic fluid
276:
Omental cakes have long been described during malignancy-related surgical interventions. In 1985, Drs. Stephen
Rubesin and Marc Levine were the first to publish a radiographic review of omental caking and to describe the propensity for omental spread to facilitate colonic
267:
These diagnoses should be considered in patients with suspected omental caking and a history that makes malignant or infectious causes less likely. Image-guided biopsy with pathologic correlation is the gold-standard method for distinguishing these entities.
230:
The presence of omental cakes have long been seen as an indication of poor prognosis in patients with advanced-stage ovarian or gastrointestinal cancer, and medical teams usually address this through more advanced and aggressive treatments such as
215:(MRI) for a higher degree of spatial resolution. Suspected infectious etiologies may require another degree of medical testing including blood antigen or antibody analysis. Yet, in both malignant and infectious cases, image-guided
803:
Bacalbasa, Nicolae; Diaconu, Camelia; Iliescu, Laura; Savu, Cornel; Bratu, Ovidiu
Gabriel; Bolca, Ciprian; Cretoiu, Dragos; Filipescu, Alexandru; Dima, Simona; Balalau, Cristian; Balescu, Irina (2020-07-01).
161:
is known to have an effect on how diffusely the cancer cells are spread throughout the abdomen. This wide range of presentation makes omental caking difficult to diagnose based on symptoms alone.
281:
due to the proximity of the greater omentum to bowel. Since then, many radiologists have adopted techniques to investigate omental thickening and irregularities in density using the
226:
Anatomic illustration of the greater omentum (blue) and its proximity to other peritoneal contents including small intestine, transverse colon, stomach, and liver
207:
After omental cakes have been identified on CT or ultrasound, it may be appropriate to gain more information on the characteristics of the disease by undergoing
1033:
236:
175:
634:
467:
192:
Due to the variety of symptoms experienced by patients with omental caking, omental cakes are most frequently discovered on abdominal
36:
1026:
549:"Tuberculous peritonitis of the wet ascitic type: clinical features and diagnostic value of image-guided peritoneal biopsy"
735:
Narasimhan, Vignesh; Ooi, Geraldine; Michael, Michael; Ramsay, Robert; Lynch, Craig; Heriot, Alexander (2020-03-04).
212:
1306:
1220:
1019:
150:
115:
806:"The Influence of "Omental Cake" Presence on the Completeness of Cytoreduction in Advanced-stage Ovarian Cancer"
1255:
490:"Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Presenting as Isolated Peritoneal Lymphomatosis: A Case Report and Literature Review"
1164:
1136:
737:"Colorectal peritoneal metastases: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment options – an evidence-based update"
1207:
1116:
248:
80:
1111:
710:
232:
548:
165:
488:
Zhu, Min; Wu, Zhixuan; Yang, Zhaoxia; Ning, Bo; Yu, Shengjie; Gu, Xiling; Yu, Huihong (2021-09-02).
1197:
635:"Peritoneal Carcinomatosis From Cervical Cancer Detected by F-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography"
172:, the most frequent symptoms encountered are abdominal pain, gastric distention, and weight loss.
948:
911:
Funicelli, L.; Travaini, L. L.; Landoni, F.; Trifirò, G.; Bonello, L.; Bellomi, M. (2010-12-01).
782:
386:
Mamlouk, Mark Daniel; Vansonnenberg, Eric; Shankar, Sridhar; Silverman, Stuart G. (August 2008).
134:
685:
Kuriyama, K.; Koyama, T.; Nakashita, S.; Nakatani, K.; Ishizaka, Y.; Notohara, K. (2020-01-12).
114:. This dissemination of cancerous cells that do not originate from the omentum itself is called
595:
1285:
1240:
1235:
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1063:
997:
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615:
576:
568:
529:
511:
463:
425:
407:
340:
332:
57:
164:
In patients with omental caking due to peritoneal lymphomatosis secondary to cancers such as
44:
Axial abdominal computed tomography featuring omental caking due to peritoneal carcinomatosis
1260:
1245:
1141:
1091:
1058:
979:
924:
877:
865:
833:
817:
756:
748:
736:
646:
607:
594:
Meng, Hong; Li-fang, G. U. O.; Jian-mei, Zhang; Meng-jun, Wang; Ren-gui, Wang (2020-03-10).
560:
519:
501:
455:
447:
415:
399:
282:
208:
913:"Peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer: the role of CT and [18F]FDG-PET/CT"
319:
Navarro, Matthew; Elfanagely, Yousef; Glotfelty, Joel; Dapaah-Afriyie, Kwame (2021-08-02).
1174:
1146:
1131:
1121:
1042:
123:
76:
72:
611:
596:"Value of CT scan for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diffuse peritoneal lesions"
359:
179:
Distinct fibrotic scar and hilar opacity following secondary tuberculosis on chest x-ray
1225:
1050:
838:
524:
489:
420:
387:
138:
107:
103:
1300:
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1182:
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786:
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169:
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881:
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1187:
1126:
1106:
1101:
252:
127:
111:
84:
711:"Diagnosis and testing | Coccidioidomycosis | Types of Fungal Diseases | Fungal |"
219:
with pathologic correlation is the most definitive way to confirm the diagnosis.
1215:
1078:
805:
633:
Spottswood, S. E.; Lopatina, O. A.; Fey, G. L.; Boardman, C. H. (January 2005).
260:
158:
130:
984:
967:
247:
Common disease presentations that are different but may appear similar include
1156:
928:
564:
403:
302:
278:
197:
96:
993:
936:
889:
829:
770:
658:
619:
572:
547:
Vardareli, E; Kebapcı, M; Saricam, T; Pasaoglu, Ö; Açikalin, M (2004-03-01).
515:
506:
411:
336:
211:
scans that can identify tissues where the cancerous cells may have spread or
1275:
1068:
912:
320:
307:
264:
256:
184:
on ultrasound and abnormal chest X-ray suggestive of previous tuberculosis.
1001:
966:
Diop, A. D.; Fontarensky, M.; Montoriol, P. -F.; Da Ines, D. (2014-09-01).
944:
847:
778:
666:
580:
533:
429:
344:
285:
and other radiographic tools to determine the extent of abdominal disease.
897:
821:
119:
83:
of the normal omental structure by other types of soft-tissue or chronic
761:
459:
193:
154:
99:
752:
216:
222:
126:. It can also rarely occur as a result of infectious causes such as
1011:
221:
201:
174:
687:"The spectrum of omental cake; imaging findings and resolutions"
153:, omental caking is associated with a wide variety of symptoms.
1015:
360:"Omental cake | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
866:"Omental cakes: colonic involvement by omental metastases"
968:"CT imaging of peritoneal carcinomatosis and its mimics"
452:
Advances in the
Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
446:
Levinson, Kimberly L; Belinson, Jerome L (2014-08-01),
388:"Omental cakes: unusual aetiologies and CT appearances"
1274:
1206:
1173:
1155:
1077:
1049:
87:resulting in a thickened, or cake-like appearance.
56:
48:
26:
21:
448:"Peritoneal carcinomatosis: signs and symptoms"
1027:
118:. It can occur other regional tumors such as
8:
95:Typically, it is caused by infiltration of
1034:
1020:
1012:
35:
18:
983:
837:
760:
523:
505:
419:
237:hyperthermic-intraperitoneal chemotherapy
864:Rubesin, S E; Levine, M S (1985-03-01).
294:
454:, Future Medicine Ltd, pp. 6–15,
75:indicative of an abnormally thickened
972:Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging
859:
857:
798:
796:
680:
678:
676:
122:where it is associated with regional
52:metastatic cancer, infectious disease
7:
612:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.03.009
441:
439:
381:
379:
1193:Fat pad sign/Sail sign of the elbow
600:Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis
325:Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013)
321:"Omental Caking: An Ominous Sign?"
14:
1286:Hyperdense middle cerebral artery
651:10.1097/00003072-200501000-00022
882:10.1148/radiology.154.3.3969458
259:in patients with a history of
1:
553:Digestive and Liver Disease
149:For the most common cause,
1323:
985:10.1016/j.diii.2014.02.009
213:magnetic resonance imaging
200:. Plain film radiography (
929:10.1007/s00261-009-9578-8
639:Clinical Nuclear Medicine
565:10.1016/j.dld.2003.10.016
404:10.1007/s13244-011-0105-4
263:, and diffuse peritoneal
151:peritoneal carcinomatosis
116:peritoneal carcinomatosis
43:
34:
1256:Pneumatosis intestinalis
507:10.3389/fonc.2021.719554
194:computed tomography (CT)
1137:Traction bronchiectasis
188:Diagnosis and treatment
1117:Sail sign of the chest
741:ANZ Journal of Surgery
249:pseudomyxoma peritonei
227:
180:
166:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
1112:Peribronchial cuffing
822:10.21873/invivo.12028
494:Frontiers in Oncology
392:Insights into Imaging
233:cytoreductive surgery
225:
178:
1165:Canga's bead symptom
1198:Osteopathia striata
460:10.2217/ebo.12.407
228:
181:
145:Signs and symptoms
135:coccidioidomycosis
30:omental thickening
1294:
1293:
1241:Hot quadrate sign
1087:Air crescent sign
1064:Dense artery sign
917:Abdominal Imaging
753:10.1111/ans.15796
469:978-1-78084-267-7
358:Gaillard, Frank.
102:arising from the
66:
65:
58:Diagnostic method
16:Medical condition
1314:
1307:Radiologic signs
1208:Gastrointestinal
1142:Tree-in-bud sign
1092:Deep sulcus sign
1059:Aortic unfolding
1043:Radiologic signs
1036:
1029:
1022:
1013:
1006:
1005:
987:
963:
957:
956:
908:
902:
901:
861:
852:
851:
841:
816:(4): 2187–2191.
800:
791:
790:
764:
747:(9): 1592–1597.
732:
726:
725:
723:
722:
707:
701:
700:
698:
697:
682:
671:
670:
630:
624:
623:
591:
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509:
485:
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423:
383:
374:
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370:
355:
349:
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316:
310:
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283:Hounsfield scale
209:nuclear medicine
39:
19:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1270:
1202:
1175:Musculoskeletal
1169:
1151:
1147:Westermark sign
1132:Thumbprint sign
1122:Silhouette sign
1073:
1045:
1040:
1010:
1009:
965:
964:
960:
910:
909:
905:
863:
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855:
802:
801:
794:
734:
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729:
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709:
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695:
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632:
631:
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593:
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541:
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384:
377:
368:
366:
357:
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318:
317:
313:
300:
296:
291:
274:
265:leiomyomatosis.
245:
190:
157:and intestinal
147:
124:lymphadenopathy
93:
79:. It refers to
77:greater omentum
73:radiologic sign
62:medical imaging
17:
12:
11:
5:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1236:Hampton's line
1233:
1228:
1226:Endoexoenteric
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1177:
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1168:
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1083:
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1075:
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1071:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1051:Cardiovascular
1047:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1008:
1007:
978:(9): 861–872.
958:
923:(6): 701–707.
903:
876:(3): 593–596.
853:
792:
727:
702:
672:
625:
586:
559:(3): 199–204.
539:
480:
468:
435:
398:(4): 399–408.
375:
350:
311:
293:
292:
290:
287:
273:
270:
244:
241:
189:
186:
146:
143:
139:histoplasmosis
92:
89:
64:
63:
60:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
41:
40:
32:
31:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1319:
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1305:
1304:
1302:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1266:Sentinel loop
1264:
1262:
1261:Rigler's sign
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:Mumoli's sign
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:Football sign
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1221:Double bubble
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:Crescent sign
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1148:
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1135:
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1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:Golden S sign
1095:
1093:
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1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
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1062:
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986:
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962:
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934:
930:
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918:
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904:
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867:
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827:
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819:
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754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
731:
728:
716:
712:
706:
703:
692:
691:ECR 2020 EPOS
688:
681:
679:
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673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
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629:
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258:
254:
251:, peritoneal
250:
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234:
224:
220:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
187:
185:
177:
173:
171:
170:MALT lymphoma
167:
162:
160:
156:
152:
144:
142:
140:
136:
133:, peritoneal
132:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
90:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
42:
38:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1276:Neurological
1251:Omental cake
1250:
1188:Fabella sign
1127:Steeple sign
1107:Kerley lines
1102:Hampton hump
975:
971:
961:
920:
916:
906:
873:
869:
813:
809:
762:11343/275511
744:
740:
730:
719:. Retrieved
717:. 2021-01-29
714:
705:
694:. Retrieved
690:
645:(1): 56–59.
642:
638:
628:
603:
599:
589:
556:
552:
542:
497:
493:
483:
473:, retrieved
451:
395:
391:
367:. Retrieved
363:
353:
331:(6): 20–21.
328:
324:
314:
301:
297:
275:
253:mesothelioma
246:
229:
206:
191:
182:
163:
148:
94:
85:inflammation
81:infiltration
69:Omental cake
68:
67:
22:Omental cake
1216:Cupola sign
1079:Respiratory
715:www.cdc.gov
364:Radiopaedia
261:splenectomy
159:peristalsis
131:peritonitis
128:tuberculous
27:Other names
1157:Urogenital
721:2022-03-23
696:2022-03-23
606:(3): 227.
500:: 719554.
475:2022-03-22
369:2022-03-21
289:References
279:metastases
198:ultrasound
97:metastatic
1069:Halo sign
994:2211-5684
937:1432-0509
890:0033-8419
870:Radiology
830:0258-851X
787:212405831
771:1445-1433
659:0363-9762
620:1000-6621
573:1590-8658
516:2234-943X
412:1869-4101
337:2327-2228
308:eMedicine
257:splenosis
1301:Category
1002:24631039
953:24189918
945:19784697
848:32606203
779:32129577
667:15604978
581:15046190
534:34540689
430:22347961
345:34323874
303:med/2749
120:lymphoma
898:3969458
839:7439871
810:In Vivo
525:8443791
421:3259316
272:History
155:Ascites
104:stomach
1000:
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343:
335:
243:Mimics
217:biopsy
137:, and
100:tumors
91:Causes
49:Causes
949:S2CID
783:S2CID
202:X-ray
112:colon
110:, or
108:ovary
71:is a
998:PMID
990:ISSN
941:PMID
933:ISSN
894:PMID
886:ISSN
844:PMID
826:ISSN
775:PMID
767:ISSN
663:PMID
655:ISSN
616:ISSN
577:PMID
569:ISSN
530:PMID
512:ISSN
464:ISBN
426:PMID
408:ISSN
341:PMID
333:ISSN
235:and
980:doi
925:doi
878:doi
874:154
834:PMC
818:doi
757:hdl
749:doi
647:doi
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520:PMC
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400:doi
329:104
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