299:
237:
who spoke Ona until the age of 8, and
Joubert "Keyuk" Yanten, a young man who started learning the language after learning he was part-Selk'nam at the age of 8. At the time the grammar was written, the latter was believed to be the only living individual fluent in Selk'nam, albeit not natively.
318:
family, is considered extinct as the last native speakers died in the 1980s. Currently, Selk'nam communities are revitalizing the language. A man of mixed Selk'nam and
1518:
1264:
1508:
295:
for thousands of years before
Europeans arrived. They were nomads known as "foot-people," as they did their hunting on land, rather than being seafarers.
1439:
597:
226:, high fatalities due to disease, and disruption of traditional society. One source states that the last fluent native speakers died in the 1980s. A
951:
1215:
1041:
647:
625:
542:
1236:
995:
512:
1257:
459:
1528:
200:
233:
worked with two individuals to write a reference grammar of the language, namely, Herminia Vera-Ona (deceased since 2014), a
991:"Problematic Use of Greenberg's Linguistic Classification of the Americas in Studies of Native American Genetic Variation"
686:: only 1% of languages use it as their default word order. There are only two word classes in Selk'nam: nouns and verbs.
556:
258:
882:
679:
549:
175:
1533:
1523:
1250:
572:
1513:
658:
452:
443:
1503:
563:
473:
1082:
1469:
466:
358:
76:
887:
505:
496:
334:
262:
1418:
411:
402:
322:
ancestry, Joubert Yanten Gomez (indigenous name: Keyuk) has successfully taught himself the language.
1459:
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1371:
526:
219:
519:
1394:
1366:
1273:
1055:
892:
727:
488:
353:
348:
227:
223:
284:
196:
59:
298:
1434:
1388:
1346:
1022:
947:
614:
375:
272:
938:
Adelaar, Willem (2010). "South
America". In Moseley, Christopher; Nicolas, Alexandre (eds.).
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1292:
1012:
1004:
703:
699:
586:
580:
383:
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of the
Southern Andean group, but this categorization is universally rejected by linguists.
268:
211:
96:
66:
1401:
1319:
1314:
1287:
731:
722:
The following is a list of examples of comparative vocabulary from Chonan languages: Ona,
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88:
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1377:
1360:
1161:
1046:
1017:
990:
723:
695:
307:
124:
167:
1497:
1353:
1051:
311:
204:
1186:
480:
234:
131:
1111:
1136:
330:
Based on available data, Selk'nam seems to have had 3 vowels and 23 consonants.
180:
1221:
683:
1216:
Sustrato y superestrato multilingües en la toponimia del extremo sur de Chile
641:
534:
432:
215:
160:
144:
37:
1026:
912:
151:
1232:
288:
230:
81:
currently being revitalised by the modern community. 1 fluent L2 speaker.
1218:, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades de la Universidad Austral de Chile
1098:
Selk'nam words. The Ōōna vocabulary collected by
Roberto Lehmann-Nitsche
427:
319:
314:
to be reached by
Europeans. Their language, believed to be part of the
254:
1242:
989:
Bolnick, Deborah; Shook, Beth; Campbell, Lyle; Goddard, Ives (2004).
943:
1081:. Filología y lingüística (in Spanish). Vol. 3. Buenos Aires:
1008:
297:
247:
41:
257:
languages, a small group of languages in
Bolivia, form part of a
246:
Within the
Southern Chon language family, Selk'nam is closest to
1246:
1137:"Lenguas Ona o Selknam. Prospecto comparativo Idioma Tehuelche"
310:, died in 1974. They were one of the last aboriginal groups in
942:(3rd entirely revised, enlarged and updated ed.). Paris:
250:, another language spoken on the island of Tierra del Fuego.
694:
The Selk'nam language has Chonan vocabulary similar to the
218:, Selk'nam is almost extinct, due to the late 19th-century
291:
who inhabited the northeastern part of the archipelago of
1226:
1187:"Lenguas Yámana y Kawésqar. Vocabulario comparativo"
1427:
1411:
1338:
1302:
1280:
174:
158:
142:
137:
121:
85:
75:
65:
55:
47:
33:
21:
1162:"Lengua Tehuelche. Diccionario Aónikenk - Español"
1042:"A loss for words: Can a dying language be saved?"
967:
965:
963:
261:. Another proposal is, that it is related to the
253:There is speculation that Chon together with the
1258:
16:Chonan language spoken by the Selk'nam people
8:
706:, such as the word for "cat", in Selk'nam,
698:, though some words have been adopted from
1265:
1251:
1243:
18:
1016:
730:; and also vocabulary from the unrelated
975:A Heritage Reference Grammar of Selk'nam
940:Atlas of the world's languages in danger
736:
339:
195:(Shelknam), is a language spoken by the
978:(Thesis). Nijmegen: Radboud University.
904:
1229:(select simple or advanced browsing).
345:
7:
972:Rojas-Berscia, Luis Miguel (2014).
1509:Extinct languages of South America
1237:Intercontinental Dictionary Series
996:American Journal of Human Genetics
14:
1096:Lehmann-Nitsche, Roberto (1913).
1040:Thurman, Judith (23 March 2015).
657:
646:
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571:
562:
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541:
525:
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511:
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479:
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410:
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1339:Extinct and endangered languages
714:, which translates to "kitten".
306:The last full-blooded Selk'nam,
287:, also known as the Ona, are an
201:Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
259:Moseten-Chonan language family
1:
1519:Object–verb–subject languages
883:List of endangered languages
680:object–verb–subject language
51:Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego.
1440:Chile–Paraguay–Uruguay Sign
1303:Living Indigenous languages
1112:"Lengua Haush. Vocabulario"
333:Selk'nam has three vowels:
1550:
1227:Selk'nam dictionary online
271:classifies Selk'nam as an
1478:
1077:Najlis, Elena L. (1973).
640:
579:
533:
478:
426:
395:
374:
369:
364:
357:
352:
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26:
1083:Universidad de Salvador
678:The Ona language is an
1529:Languages of Argentina
1191:pueblosoriginarios.com
1166:pueblosoriginarios.com
1141:pueblosoriginarios.com
1116:pueblosoriginarios.com
888:Languages of Argentina
718:Comparative vocabulary
710:from the Spanish word
682:(OVS). This is a rare
303:
263:Pano-Tacanan languages
1419:Chilean Sign Language
301:
1214:Guillermo Latorre,
919:. SIL International
738:
342:
224:European immigrants
1534:Languages of Chile
1274:Languages of Chile
946:. pp. 86–94.
893:Languages of Chile
737:
340:
304:
228:Radboud University
1514:Fuegian languages
1491:
1490:
1485:extinct languages
1428:Language families
1372:Kawésqar/Alacaluf
1058:on 14 August 2023
953:978-92-3-104096-2
874:
873:
671:
670:
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589:
491:
439:
391:
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302:A Selk'nam family
289:indigenous people
220:Selk'nam genocide
186:
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1504:Chonan languages
1310:Ayacucho Quechua
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1260:
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1054:. Archived from
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293:Tierra del Fuego
273:Amerind language
269:Joseph Greenberg
212:Chonan languages
203:in southernmost
191:, also known as
170:
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147:
127:
91:
19:
1549:
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1524:Selk'nam people
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1320:Chilean Quechua
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431:
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328:
285:Selk'nam people
281:
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197:Selk'nam people
166:
150:
143:
128:
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117:
92:
89:Language family
87:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1412:Sign languages
1409:
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1209:External links
1207:
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1128:
1103:
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1079:Lengua selknam
1069:
1047:The New Yorker
1032:
1009:10.1086/423452
1003:(3): 519–523.
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845:Kowen, Chowen
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696:Haush language
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242:Classification
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138:Language codes
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34:Native to
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1470:Indo-European
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1281:Lingua franca
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323:
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317:
313:
312:South America
309:
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286:
278:
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205:South America
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136:
133:
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120:
110:
107:
106:
105:Island Chon †
104:
103:
102:Chon proper †
101:
100:
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90:
84:
80:
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68:
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32:
29:
25:
20:
1480:
1400:
1393:
1384:Ona/Selk'nam
1383:
1376:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1195:. Retrieved
1193:(in Spanish)
1190:
1181:
1170:. Retrieved
1168:(in Spanish)
1165:
1156:
1145:. Retrieved
1143:(in Spanish)
1140:
1131:
1120:. Retrieved
1118:(in Spanish)
1115:
1106:
1097:
1091:
1078:
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:the original
1045:
1035:
1000:
994:
984:
974:
939:
933:
921:. Retrieved
916:
907:
799:Karken, Naa
721:
711:
707:
693:
677:
332:
329:
305:
282:
267:
252:
245:
235:semi-speaker
210:Part of the
209:
192:
188:
187:
159:
132:Latin script
108:
27:
923:17 November
864:Maha, Maak
708:k'lattítaŭ;
341:Consonants
308:Ángela Loij
1498:Categories
1460:Alacalufan
1455:Araucanian
1450:Polynesian
1325:Mapudungun
1295:(formerly)
1293:Mapudungun
1197:2023-04-27
1172:2023-04-27
1147:2023-04-27
1122:2023-04-27
1062:15 October
1052:Condé Nast
917:Ethnologue
899:References
748:Tehuelche
734:(Yámana).
690:Vocabulary
684:word order
1483:indicate
1395:Tehuelche
1367:Huilliche
728:Tehuelche
642:Semivowel
535:Fricative
433:Affricate
326:Phonology
216:Patagonia
161:Glottolog
145:ISO 639-3
56:Ethnicity
38:Argentina
1465:Quechuan
1389:Rapa Nui
1027:15284953
877:See also
859:Ma, Mak
754:English
490:ejective
361:alveolar
354:Alveolar
349:Bilabial
231:linguist
193:Selk'nam
168:onaa1245
60:Selk'nam
28:Selk'nam
1481:Italics
1435:Aymaran
1330:Quechua
1288:Spanish
1233:Selknam
1018:1182033
832:Iá, Ya
819:Mar'po
782:Chonke
751:Yahgan
704:English
700:Spanish
674:Grammar
615:lateral
428:Plosive
376:Glottal
335:/a,ɪ,ʊ/
320:Mapuche
279:History
255:Moseten
77:Revival
67:Extinct
1402:Yaghan
1354:Chango
1315:Aymara
1025:
1015:
950:
944:UNESCO
837:I, me
805:Woman
745:Haush
732:Yahgan
712:gatito
587:rhotic
581:Liquid
384:dental
371:Uvular
316:Chonan
97:Chonan
48:Region
1378:Kunza
1361:Chono
1347:Cacán
913:"Ona"
822:Hand
816:Chen
813:Chen
810:Chen
802:Kipa
776:Chon
768:Hach
759:Heil
724:Haush
438:plain
397:Nasal
390:plain
366:Velar
359:Post-
248:Haush
71:1970s
42:Chile
1445:Chon
1222:WALS
1064:2022
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